WO2003106419A1 - 常温溶融塩、その製造方法及びその用途 - Google Patents
常温溶融塩、その製造方法及びその用途 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2003106419A1 WO2003106419A1 PCT/JP2003/007529 JP0307529W WO03106419A1 WO 2003106419 A1 WO2003106419 A1 WO 2003106419A1 JP 0307529 W JP0307529 W JP 0307529W WO 03106419 A1 WO03106419 A1 WO 03106419A1
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- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring nitrogen atom containing only one pyridine ring
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- C07D263/54—Benzoxazoles; Hydrogenated benzoxazoles
- C07D263/58—Benzoxazoles; Hydrogenated benzoxazoles with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached in position 2
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a room temperature molten salt obtained by mixing two or more kinds of organic salts, a method for producing the same, and uses of the room temperature molten salt.
- Room-temperature molten salt has relatively high conductivity and a wide potential window, and has unique characteristics such as nonflammability and non-volatility, which are different from conventional electrolyte systems. Sex is being considered. Room-temperature molten salts are highly polar and dissolve many organic and inorganic compounds, so they can be used as environmentally friendly green solvents such as organic, inorganic, catalyzed, bio-reactive, liquid-liquid extraction and separation. Application to fields such as electrochemistry is also being considered. However, in general, there are many room-temperature molten salts that have a relatively high melting point and become solid at a lower temperature even if they are liquid at room temperature, and organic salts with a lower melting point are needed to expand their applications more widely. It is.
- the method for synthesizing these room temperature molten salts generally comprises two steps. As shown in the following formula, the first step is a quaternization reaction, and the second step is anion exchange. For example, after the alkyl halide (R d X) was allowed to reaction Imidazoriumu salt imidazo Ichiru derivatives, a method of exchanging the Anion (Y I) with a suitable molten salt forming ability. + MX
- the present invention provides a room temperature molten salt having a freezing point lower than the freezing point (or melting point) of any of the original organic salts obtained by mixing two or more organic salts, a method for producing the same, and the room temperature molten salt.
- the purpose is to provide the use of.
- the inventors of the present invention have conducted intensive studies to solve the above problems, and as a result, have found that the above object can be achieved by mixing two or more specific organic salts. As a result, the present invention has been completed.
- the present invention relates to the following inventions.
- Item 1 A room-temperature molten salt comprising a mixture of two or more organic salts, each of which has a different freezing point than any of the original organic salts, wherein the anion portion and the cation portion as an organic substance are different from each other.
- Item 2 The room temperature molten salt according to Item 1, wherein the two or more kinds of organic salts are organic salts selected from the group consisting of Formula (1), Formula (11), Formula (III) and Formula (IV).
- R la to R 5a , R 7a , R 9a and R 10a are the same or different and are each a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a heterocyclic group, a haloalkyl group, an aralkyl
- R 8a represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a heterocyclic group, a haloalkyl group, an aralkyl group, or an aryl group
- R 6a represents a group represented by a group, an aryl group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, or an arylalkyl group.
- R 11la , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 17 , R 18 and R 19 are the same or different and are an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a heterocyclic group, a haloalkyl group, an aralkyl Or an aryl group, and two groups selected from the group consisting of R 12 , R 13 , R 14, and R 15 are bonded at the terminal to form a nitrogen-containing aliphatic heterocyclic ring with an adjacent nitrogen atom.
- OK, R 16, R 17, 2 groups selected from the group consisting of R 18 and R 19 together with the phosphorus atom to ⁇ attached at the ends may form a phosphorus-containing aliphatic heterocyclic.
- X, X 2 one, X 3 — and X 4 — represent a conjugate base of brenstead acid.
- Item 3 The room temperature molten salt according to Item 1 or 2, wherein at least one of the two or more organic salts is a solid organic salt at room temperature.
- Item 4 The room temperature molten salt according to Item 1 or 2, wherein all of the two or more kinds of organic salts are solid organic salts at room temperature.
- Item 5 The room temperature molten salt according to Item 1 or 2, wherein at least one of the two or more organic salts is an organic salt selected from the group consisting of the formulas (V) and (VI):
- R 7 , R 9 and R 1Q are the same or different and are each a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a heterocyclic group, a haloalkyl group, an aralkyl group
- R 8 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a heterocyclic group, a haloalkyl group, an aralkyl group, or an aryl group
- R 6 and R 6 represent an aryl group, an aryl group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, or an aralkyl group
- 11 is the same Or differently, each represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen atom is substituted by a fluorine atom, and X — and x 2 — represent conjugate bases of a Bronsted acid).
- Item 6 The room temperature molten salt according to Item 5, wherein all of the two or more organic salts are organic salts selected from the group consisting of the formulas (V) and (VI).
- Item 7 The room temperature molten salt according to Item 5 or 6, wherein at least one of the two or more organic salts is a solid organic salt at room temperature.
- Item 8 The room temperature molten salt according to Item 5 or 6, wherein all of the two or more organic salts are organic salts that are solid at room temperature.
- Item 9 In the above formulas (V) and (VI),! ⁇ ⁇ Scale 5, R 7, R 9 and R 1 Q is the same or different, each represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, or Haroa alkyl group, R 8 represents an alkyl group, R 6 And R 11 are the same or different and are each a group represented by the formula: —CH 2 R 12 (R 12 is a straight-chain or branched-chain having at least one hydrogen atom replaced with a fluorine atom.
- Item 7. A room-temperature molten salt according to any one of Items 5 to 8, which represents an alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms.
- Item 10 The room-temperature molten salt according to Item 6, wherein all of the two or more kinds of organic salts are solid salts at room temperature selected from the group consisting of the formula (V).
- Item 11 The room temperature molten salt according to item 6, wherein all of the two or more kinds of organic salts are solid salts at room temperature selected from the group consisting of the formula (VI).
- Item 122 At least one kind of organic salt which is solid at room temperature selected from the group consisting of the formula (V), and at least one kind of organic salt which is selected from the group consisting of the formula (VI) Item 7.
- Two or more kinds of organic salts are two kinds of solid salts at normal temperature selected from the group consisting of the above formulas (V) and (VI), and one of the organic salts is a general formula:
- Rf and Rf ′ are different and each represents a polyfluoroalkyl group, and the other organic salt has the general formula:
- Item 14 A room-temperature molten salt having a freezing point lower than the freezing point of any of the original organic salts obtained by mixing two or more organic salts, each of which has a different anion portion and an organic cation portion.
- Item 15 A method for producing a room temperature molten salt having a freezing point lower than the freezing point of any of the original organic salts, characterized by mixing two or more kinds of organic salts each having a different anion portion and an organic cation portion. .
- Item 16 The method according to Item 15, wherein the two or more organic salts are organic salts selected from the group consisting of the formulas (I) to (IV). '
- Item 17 The production method according to Item 15 or 16, wherein at least one of the two or more organic salts is a solid organic salt at ordinary temperature.
- Item 18 The method according to Item 15 or 16, wherein all of the two or more organic salts are solid organic salts at room temperature.
- Item 19 The production method according to Item 15, wherein the two or more kinds of organic salts are solid salts at room temperature selected from the group consisting of the formulas (V) and (VI).
- Item 20 An electrolytic solution containing the room-temperature molten salt according to any one of Items 1 to 14.
- Item 21 A battery comprising the electrolytic solution according to Item 20, a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator.
- Item 22 The battery according to Item 21 which is a non-aqueous lithium secondary battery.
- Item 23 An organic reaction solvent comprising the room-temperature molten salt according to any one of Items 1 to 14.
- Item 24 An extraction solvent comprising the room-temperature molten salt according to any one of Items 1 to 14.
- Item 25 A capacitor using an electrolyte or an electrolytic solution containing the room-temperature molten salt according to any one of Items 1 to 14.
- Item 26 An electric double layer capacity using an electrolyte or an electrolytic solution containing the room-temperature molten salt according to any one of Items 1 to 14.
- Item 27 A dye-sensitized solar cell using the room-temperature molten salt according to any one of Items 1 to 14.
- Item 28 A fuel cell using the room-temperature molten salt according to any one of Items 1 to 14.
- Item 29 A polymer electrolyte fuel cell using the room-temperature molten salt according to any one of Items 1 to 14. The present invention will be described in detail below.
- Room temperature in the room temperature molten salt of the present invention means a temperature range of about 20 ° C. to 30 ° C.
- the “organic salt that is solid at room temperature” in the present invention means an organic salt that becomes solid within a temperature range of about 20 ° C. to about 30 ° C., and the “room temperature molten salt” is 20 ° C.
- all the temperatures shown above represent the temperature under normal pressure.
- the room temperature molten salt of the present invention is produced by mixing two or more kinds of organic salts having different anion portions and different cation portions in the organic salts.
- the room-temperature-dissolved S $ salt of the present invention is obtained as a mixed organic salt which is liquid at room temperature, in which an extremely large freezing point drop is observed with respect to the freezing point (or melting point) of the raw material organic salt. That is, the room temperature molten salt of the present invention is characterized by being produced by mixing two or more kinds of organic salts each having a different anion portion and a different cation portion, thereby achieving a large drop in freezing point. ing.
- the anion portion means a negatively charged compound constituting an organic salt as a raw material
- the cation portion means a positively charged compound constituting an organic salt as a raw material.
- the cation portion is composed of an organic substance as described later.
- the room temperature molten salt of the present invention is obtained by mixing two or more kinds of organic salts selected from the group consisting of the formulas (1), (11), (III) and (IV). Obtainable.
- it is preferable that at least one organic salt among the two or more organic salts as raw materials is solid at room temperature, and all organic salts are used. More preferably, it is a solid at normal temperature.
- the room-temperature molten salt of the present invention is preferably an organic salt in which at least one or all of two or more organic salts as raw materials are selected from the group consisting of formulas (V) and (VI). Also in this case, it is preferable that at least one of the two or more kinds of organic salts as raw materials is solid at room temperature, and it is more preferable that all organic salts are solid at room temperature.
- the room temperature molten salt of the present invention can be obtained by mixing two or more kinds of organic salts selected from the group consisting of the formula (V). Of the two or more organic salts used as raw materials, Preferably, at least one or all are solid at room temperature.
- the room temperature molten salt of the present invention can be obtained by mixing two or more kinds of organic salts selected from the group consisting of the formula (VI). It is preferable that at least one or all of the two or more organic salts as raw materials are solid at room temperature.
- the room temperature molten salt of the present invention comprises at least one room temperature solid organic salt selected from the group consisting of formula (V) and at least one room temperature selected from the group consisting of formula (VI) It can be obtained by mixing solid organic salts.
- Each substituent of the formulas (I) to (IV) is as defined above, and specific examples are shown below.
- halogen atom examples include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom.
- alkyl group examples include a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the carbon number of a straight or branched chain such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, neopentyl, isohexyl, etc.
- Examples include 1 to 6 alkyl groups.
- cycloalkyl group examples include a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms.
- a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl is exemplified.
- heterocyclic group examples include a 3- to 6-membered aliphatic or aromatic heterocyclic group having at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of a monocyclic nitrogen atom, oxygen atom and sulfur atom.
- Specific examples include aziridinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piberidyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, pyridyl, furyl, phenyl and the like.
- Heterocyclic groups include halogen atoms such as fluorine and chlorine atoms; alkyl groups such as methyl and ethyl; haloalkyl groups such as trifluoromethyl; alkoxy groups such as methoxy and ethoxy; substitution of aryl groups such as phenyl and the like.
- the groups may be linked.
- the haloalkyl group include an alkyl group in which at least one hydrogen atom is substituted with a halogen atom.
- a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to L0 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen atom is substituted with a fluorine atom is exemplified.
- trifluoromethyl, trifluoroethyl, trichloroethyl, tetrafluoroethyl, perfluoroethyl, perfluoropropyl, perfluoroisopropyl, perfluoroisopropyl, perfluorobutyl, Mouthhexyl, perfluorooctyl, perfluorodecyl, 2- (perfluorooctyl) ethyl, 1 H, 1 H, 3 H—tetrafluoropropyl, 1 H, 1 H, 5 H— Okyu Fluo Pencil and the like are exemplified. More preferably, trifluoromethyl, trifluoroethyl, trichloroethyl, tetrafluoroethyl, perfluoroethyl,
- aralkyl group for example, the carbon number? To 10 aralkyl groups. Specific examples include 2-phenylethyl, benzyl, 1-phenylethyl, 3-phenylpropyl, 4-phenylbutyl and the like.
- aryl group examples include a phenyl group and a naphthyl group.
- Aryl groups include halogen atoms such as fluorine and chlorine atoms; alkyl groups such as methyl and ethyl; haloalkyl groups such as trifluoromethyl; alkoxy groups such as methoxy and X-toxyl; A substituent such as an aryl group may be bonded.
- alkoxy group examples include a linear or branched alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- a straight or branched chain alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, pentyloxy and hexyloxy. Is exemplified.
- aryloxy group examples include a phenoxy group and a naphthyloxy group.
- aralkyloxy group for example, To 10 aralkyloxy groups. Specifically, 2-phenylethyloxy, benzyloxy, Examples include phenylethyloxy, 3-phenylpropyloxy, 4-phenylbutyloxy and the like.
- alkyl group examples include those described above.
- alkyl group examples include those described above.
- R 6a and R 11a are a haloalkyl group
- an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen atom is substituted with a fluorine atom is preferable.
- examples of the linear or branched perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms include perfluoroethyl, perfluoropropyl, perfluorobutyl, perfluoropentyl, and perfluoroalkyl.
- Hexyl, perfluoroheptyl, perfluorooctyl, perfluorononyl, perfluorodecyl and the like are exemplified.
- R 6 and R 11 are those represented by the formula: —CH 2 R 12 (R 12 is a straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl having 1 to 9 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen atom is substituted by a fluorine atom. Which represents a group).
- R 12 are Furuorome chill, Jifuruoromechiru, triflumizole Ruo Russia methyl, PA Full O Roe chill, Pafuru Oropuropiru, CF 3 CF 2 (C) 5, HCF 2 CF 2, H (CF 2) 4, H (CF 2) 6 , a straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen atom is substituted by fluorine, such as (CF 3 ) 2 CH and CF 3 CHFCF 2, is more preferred.
- the nitrogen-containing aliphatic heterocycle includes the 3- to 10-membered nitrogen-containing aliphatic heterocycle, and specifically, aziridine, pyrrolidine , Piperidine, morpholine, parahydro-12H-azepine and the like.
- X, x 2 -, x 3 _ or x 4 - respectively, it means Anion portion of the organic salt as a raw material.
- the anion portion is composed of a conjugated base of a Bronsted acid.
- the Bronsted acid include sulfuric acid; sulfuric acid monoesters such as monomethyl sulfate and monoethyl sulfate; methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, chlorosulfonic acid, and fluorosulfonic acid.
- Rf "S0 3 H (wherein, Rf" represents a poly Furuoroarukiru group) sulfonic acids such as acid represented by ; general formula: (RFS0 2) 2 H or ⁇ 30 2) (1 ⁇ '30 2) (wherein, Rf and Rf 'are different, imide represented by each represents an Porifuruoro alkyl group); formic acid Acetic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, trifluoroacetic acid, perfluorobutyric acid, perfluorooctanoic acid, 3H-octafluorobutyric acid, Karupon acids such Rollo acetate; 3 ⁇ 4 (0 (:!?
- the polyfluoroalkyl groups represented by Rf, Rf ′ and Rf ′′ may be the same or different, and may be a linear or branched perfluoro having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- Examples include an alkyl group or a linear or branched alkyl group having at least one hydrogen atom substituted with fluorine and having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, specifically, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, trifluoroethyl. , Perfluoropropyl, perfluorobutyl, etc. It is exemplified.
- Rf'S0 3 Specific examples of the acid represented by H is, C 4 F 9 S0 3 H , CF3SO3H, CF 3 CF 2 S0 3 H CF 3 C3 ⁇ 4S0 3 H, HCF 2 CF 2 C3 ⁇ 4S0 3 H, C 6 F l3 S0 3 H, HCF 2 CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 S0 3 H and the like.
- the sulfonimide examples include (CF 3 S 0 2 ) 2 NH, (C 2 F 5 S 0 2 ) 2 NH, (C 4 F 9 S 0 2 ) 2 turbulence (CF 3 S 0 2 ) (C 4 F 9 S0 2 ) NH, (C 2 F 5 S0 2 ) (C 4 F 9 S0 2 ) NH, (HCF 2 CF 2 S0 2 ) 2 H (CF 3 C3 ⁇ 4S0 2 ) (C 4 F 9 S0 2 ) NH Is exemplified.
- the organic salts that are the raw materials of the room-temperature molten salt of the present invention all have different anion moieties (conjugated bases of Bronsted acid).
- the organic salt is a raw material of the ambient temperature molten salt of the present invention, scale 1 in the formula (V) and formula (VI)!
- R 7, R 9 and R 1Q are the same or different, respectively,
- R 8 represents an alkyl group
- R 6 and R 11 are the same or different and each represent a group represented by the formula: —CH 2 R 12 ( R 12 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen atom is substituted with fluorine.
- R 12 represents a straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen atom is substituted with fluorine
- R 12 is fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, perfluoroethyl, perfluoropropyl, CF 3 CF 2 (CH 2 ) 5 , HCF 2 CF 2 , H (CF 2 ) 4 , H (CF 2) 6, ( CF 3) 2 CH, CF 3 CHFCF 2 linear or branched alkyl group of from 1 to 6 carbon in which at least one hydrogen atom is substituted with fluorine are more preferable.
- a room temperature molten salt obtained by mixing two or more kinds of organic salts which are solid at room temperature, preferably selected from the group consisting of formulas (V) and (VI), is exemplified.
- those obtained by mixing two kinds of organic salts which are solid at room temperature and selected from the group consisting of the formulas (V) and (VI) are preferable.
- one organic salt has a general formula:
- the room temperature molten salt of the present invention includes a room temperature molten salt obtained by mixing the organic salts described in the following organic salt group>, and two or more selected from the following ⁇ organic salt group> And those obtained by mixing organic salts of the above. Particularly preferably, a mixture of two or three selected from the following ⁇ organic salt group> is suitable.
- the organic salts described in the following ⁇ organic salt group> are preferably solid at room temperature. Na us, "T f one" in organic salts, triflumizole Ruo b methanesulfonyl group - means (CF 3 S 0 2).
- organic salts represented by the formulas (I) to (VI), which are the raw materials of the room temperature molten salt of the present invention, are described in, for example, Inorg. Chem. (1996) 35, 1168 Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. (1991) 64, 2008 and the like.
- the room-temperature molten salt of the present invention is produced by mixing at least two kinds of organic salts having different anion portions and different organic cation portions.
- the formula (I) The compounding ratio of two or more organic salts selected from the formulas (VI) to (IV) is not particularly limited, and a compounding ratio of a uniform liquid when mixed can be appropriately selected.
- a compounding ratio of a uniform liquid when mixed can be appropriately selected.
- 100 parts by weight of any one organic salt about 1 to 100 parts by weight, preferably about 10 to 500 parts by weight, more preferably about 30 to 100 parts by weight of another organic salt is used. It may be used in a range of about 300 parts by weight.
- the freezing point of the room-temperature molten salt of the present invention varies depending on the type and the mixing ratio of the organic salt as a raw material, but is usually about 10 ° C., preferably 20 ° C., based on the freezing point of the organic salt having the lowest freezing point. About 50 ° C, more preferably about 80 ° C.
- the organic salt having the lowest freezing point is usually The freezing point drops by about 50 to 100 ° C with respect to the freezing point.
- the resulting room temperature molten salt of the present invention has a large degree of freezing point depression.
- the method of mixing the organic salt is not particularly limited, and a known method such as a method of mixing using a mortar, a method of mixing with a stirrer, or a method of mixing while heating can be employed.
- a known method such as a method of mixing using a mortar, a method of mixing with a stirrer, or a method of mixing while heating can be employed.
- the room-temperature molten salt of the present invention is used for an electrolyte of a non-aqueous battery or the like, it is preferable to mix them in a dry atmosphere in order to avoid mixing of ⁇ .
- the raw material organic salt is a solid at around room temperature
- impurities such as organic and inorganic substances can be removed by simple operations such as washing and recrystallization, and purification is extremely easy. Therefore, by using an organic salt that is solid at room temperature as a raw material, a room-temperature molten salt of the present invention with high purity can be obtained. Therefore, in order to obtain the high-purity room temperature molten salt of the present invention, it is preferable that at least one of the organic salts of the raw materials to be mixed is solid at room temperature, and that all of the organic salts of the raw materials are solid at room temperature. Is more preferred.
- the room temperature molten salt of the present invention obtained as described above has almost no vapor pressure, high heat resistance and a low freezing point, so that it has a wide temperature range in the liquid state, high ionic conductivity, and has fluorine in the molecule. In the case of containing, it has a feature that the flame retardancy is particularly high and the viscosity is low.
- the room temperature molten salt of the present invention is a mixture and may not show a clear freezing point in some cases. Therefore, in this specification, the “freezing point” of the room-temperature molten salt of the present invention means a value measured under the conditions shown in Experimental Example 1. That is, the room-temperature molten salt of the present invention is placed in a closed container under an inert gas (eg, argon) atmosphere, heated at a temperature of 12 to 13 ° C./min, and solids of the room-temperature molten salt precipitate visually. It means the temperature at the beginning.
- an inert gas eg, argon
- the ⁇ freezing point '' of the room-temperature molten salt of the present invention as defined above is measured with good reproducibility by the method described in Experimental Example 1, but also includes the phenomenon of supercooling until solid precipitation. In some cases. Therefore, in addition to the above-mentioned freezing point measurement method, the deposition temperature (glass transition temperature) of the amorphous solid in the room temperature molten salt of the present invention was also measured using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) as another measurement method.
- DSC differential scanning calorimeter
- room temperature molten salts of the present invention have a feature that they have no melting point and do not undergo a phase change (primary phase change) from room temperature to extremely low temperature.
- a room temperature molten salt obtained by mixing two or more kinds of organic salts which are solid at room temperature, which is a preferable room temperature molten salt of the present invention is selected from the group consisting of formulas (V) and (VI). This feature applies well.
- Example 5 the room-temperature molten salt of the present invention (Examples 1, 3, and 4) and a known room-temperature molten salt, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (Comparative Example 5) was subjected to measurement with a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC).
- DSC differential scanning calorimeter
- Tm melting point
- Example 1 In 3 and 4, no melting point (Tm) was observed, and it was found that the glass transition temperature (Tg) was only measured at around -50 ° C. This indicates that the room temperature molten salt of the present invention in Examples 1, 3 and 4 is -50.
- the room temperature molten salt of the present invention can be used alone or as a mixture with a solvent commonly used for an electrolyte as an electrolyte or an electrolyte of a lithium ion (primary or secondary) battery. it can.
- Solvents commonly used in electrolytes include, for example, for example, known non-aqueous organic solvents such as propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, getylcaponate, dimethylcarbonate, methylethylcarbonate, dimethoxyethane, avetylolactone, methyl laurate, and methyl formate.
- the room temperature molten salt of the present invention can be added as an electrolyte or a part of the electrolyte to form an electrolyte.
- the concentration of the electrolyte of these lithium salts is not particularly limited, but usually 0.5 mol ZL to 1.5 mol 1 ZL is practical. It is preferable to use a material having a value of p pm or less.
- the electrolyte and the room-temperature molten salt of the present invention can be used as a non-aqueous electrolyte having lithium ion conductivity as described in J. Electrochem. So, (2000) 147, 34, and a polymer matrix. It can be used as a gel electrolyte fixed with.
- the room-temperature molten salts of the present invention especially when the organic salt before mixing is a solid at room temperature, purification such as recrystallization can be performed, and after purification, inorganic salts are not contained at all, so high purity is required. It can be particularly suitably used as the above-mentioned lithium ion (primary or secondary) battery electrolyte or electrolyte.
- the lithium ion battery of the present invention since the room temperature molten salt of the present invention has a wide temperature range in a liquid state, the lithium ion battery of the present invention using the room temperature molten salt as an electrolyte or a part of an electrolytic solution has a wide temperature range. It also has the characteristic that it can exhibit stable battery characteristics under low temperatures (for example, even in cold regions).
- lithium ion (primary or secondary) battery positive and negative electrodes, separators, etc. can be used as they are.
- Examples of the shape of the battery include a cylindrical shape, a square shape, a coin shape, and a film shape.
- Examples of the negative electrode material include lithium metal and its alloys, carbon materials and polymer materials capable of doping and undoping lithium, and lithium-ion alloys such as metal oxides. And the like.
- the cathode material for example, LiCoO 2, LiNi0 or 2, LiMn 2 0 4, LiMn0 composite oxide of lithium and transition metals such as 2, polymeric materials.
- a porous film of a polymer material such as polyethylene or polypropylene, or a polymer material that absorbs and immobilizes the electrolytic solution of the present invention can be used.
- the material of the current collector for example, copper, aluminum, stainless steel, titanium, nickel, tungsten steel, carbon material, or the like is used, and the shape thereof is, for example, foil, net, nonwoven fabric, or punched metal. .
- the room temperature molten salt of the present invention can be used as a solvent for various organic synthesis reactions.
- Ambient temperature molten salt of the present invention have low solubility in water, in particular, a pair Anion organic salts that make up the ambient temperature molten salt, Rf "S0 3 -> ( RfS0 2) z N" (RiS0 2) (Rf 'S0 2) N- (Rf, Rf' and Rf "are as defined above), Ph 4 B -, ( C 6 H 5) 4 B -, (P- CF 3 C 6 H 4) In the case of 4 B-, [3,5- (CF 3 ) 2 C 6 3 ⁇ 4] 4 B—, etc., the solubility in water is extremely reduced.
- the room temperature molten salt of the present invention can be used as an extraction solvent for separation and purification in an organic synthesis reaction.
- a catalyst for example, a metal catalyst or the like
- the reaction product becomes ether.
- the metal catalyst is a two-phase system held in the room temperature molten salt phase of the present invention. Therefore, separation and purification of the product and the catalyst become extremely easy.
- the catalyst held in the room temperature molten salt can be recycled without losing its activity, so that the room temperature molten salt of the present invention is extremely useful as an environmentally friendly solvent (for example, , Vol. 56, No. 5, (2001) (See
- the room temperature molten salt of the present invention has a high heat resistance, a wide temperature range in a liquid state, and a high ionic conductivity.
- the room-temperature molten salt of the present invention utilizes characteristics that it does not undergo a phase change up to a very low temperature and has excellent low-temperature characteristics.
- fuel cells particularly, solid polymer fuel cells
- dyes It can be used for electrolytes and Z or electrolytes of sensitized solar cells, biological cells, and capacitors (particularly, electric double layer capacitors), electrorheological fluids, heat storage media, catalysts, and the like.
- FIGS. 1 to 4 are graphs showing the measurement results of differential scanning calorimetry overnight (DSC) of the room temperature molten salt of Examples 1, 3, and 4 and Comparative Example 5, respectively. '' Best mode for carrying out the invention
- Example 3 According to the method of Example 1, 1- (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) -14-methylpyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate (3 Omg) and 1- (2,2,2 2-Trifluorethyl) pyridinium bis [(trifluoromethyl) sulfonyl] amide (30 mg) was mixed to obtain a pale yellow transparent liquid at room temperature.
- Example 3
- Example 4 According to the method of Example 1, 1- (2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl) 1-2-methylpyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate (3 Omg) and 1- (2,2 By mixing with 2,2-trifluoroethyl) pyridinium bis [(trifluoromethyl) sulfonyl] amide (3 Omg), a colorless transparent liquid was obtained at room temperature.
- Example 4 1- (2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl) 1-2-methylpyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate (3 Omg) and 1- (2,2 By mixing with 2,2-trifluoroethyl) pyridinium bis [(trifluoromethyl) sulfonyl] amide (3 Omg), a colorless transparent liquid was obtained at room temperature.
- Example 4 Example 4
- Example 5 1-methyl-3- (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) imidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (3 Omg) and 1- (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) pyridinium bis By mixing [(trifluoromethyl) sulfonyl] amide (3 Omg), a colorless liquid was obtained at room temperature.
- Example 5 1-methyl-3- (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) imidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (3 Omg) and 1- (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) pyridinium bis
- Example 6 According to the method of Example 1, 1- (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) -3-methylpyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate (3 Omg) and 1- (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) By sufficiently mixing 4-methylpyridinium bis [(trifluoromethyl) sulfonyl] amide (3 Omg), a pale yellow transparent liquid was obtained at room temperature.
- Example 6 4-methylpyridinium bis [(trifluoromethyl) sulfonyl] amide
- Example 7 According to the method of Example 1, 1- (2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl) 1-2-methylilepyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate (3 Omg) and 1- (2,2,2- Trifluoroethyl) 4-Methylpyridinium bis [(Trif By thoroughly mixing (fluoromethyl) sulfonyl] amide (3 Omg), a colorless and transparent liquid was obtained at room temperature.
- Example 7 1- (2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl) 1-2-methylilepyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate (3 Omg) and 1- (2,2,2- Trifluoroethyl) 4-Methylpyridinium bis [(Trif By thoroughly mixing (fluoromethyl) sulfonyl] amide (3 Omg), a colorless and transparent liquid was obtained at room temperature.
- Example 7 Example 7
- Example 1 The freezing point of the room temperature molten salt obtained in! To 7 was measured. The measurement was carried out by placing the room temperature molten salt in a closed container under an argon atmosphere, and heating at a temperature of ⁇ 2 to 13 ° C./min. The temperature at which solids of the room temperature molten salt began to precipitate was defined as the freezing point. . Table 1 shows the measurement results.
- Example 1 According to the method of Example 1, 1- (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) -4-methylpyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate (3 O mg) and 1- (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) 4-Methylpyridinium bis [(trifluoromethyl) sulfonyl] amide (3 O mg) was mixed and combined, but remained solid at room temperature. From the above, it can be seen that if the anion portion or the cation portion is the same, the degree of drop in the freezing point is low even if two or more different organic salts are mixed, and it is difficult to become a liquid at room temperature.
- the organic salts to be mixed are solid at room temperature.
- the freezing point drops, and a mixed organic salt that is liquid at room temperature (normal temperature molten salt) can be obtained.
- the raw organic salt since the raw organic salt is solid at room temperature, it can be purified by recrystallization or the like, so that the purity of the organic salt can be easily increased.
- the room temperature molten salt of the present invention having high purity can be easily obtained.
- the room temperature molten salt of the present invention has a drastically lower freezing point and can maintain a liquid state over a wide temperature range as compared with a single composition room temperature molten salt, so that it is expected to be applied to a wide range of applications. Further, by adjusting the kind and the mixing ratio of the organic salt, a room-temperature molten salt that can not be achieved by a single-composition room-temperature molten salt and that is rich in variations according to various uses can be produced.
- the room-temperature molten salt of the present invention having the above properties can be suitably used as an electrolytic solution or an electrolytic solution of a non-aqueous battery requiring high purity. Moreover, since the room-temperature molten salt of the present invention has an extremely low solidification point, a battery having excellent low-temperature characteristics can be manufactured.
- the room-temperature molten salt of the present invention can also be used as a solvent for various organic synthesis reactions and an extraction solvent for separation and purification in organic synthesis. Furthermore, since the room temperature molten salt of the present invention has a high heat conductivity, a wide temperature range in a liquid state, and a high ion conductivity, it can be used as an electrolytic solution of various plating techniques.
- the room-temperature molten salt of the present invention is characterized by having a low-temperature characteristic without a phase change up to a low temperature and having an excellent low-temperature characteristic, and is used as an electrolyte and / or electrolyte for fuel cells, dye-sensitized solar cells, biological cells, and capacitors. It can be used as an electrorheological fluid, a heat storage medium, a catalyst, and the like.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
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| JP2004513252A JP4258656B2 (ja) | 2002-06-18 | 2003-06-13 | 常温溶融塩、その製造方法及びその用途 |
| US10/516,296 US20050175867A1 (en) | 2002-06-18 | 2003-06-13 | Room-temperature molten salt, process for producing the same and applications thereof |
| AU2003242371A AU2003242371A1 (en) | 2002-06-18 | 2003-06-13 | Room-temperature molten salt, process for producing the same and applications thereof |
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| US (1) | US20050175867A1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4258656B2 (ja) |
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| WO (1) | WO2003106419A1 (ja) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2003242371A1 (en) | 2003-12-31 |
| US20050175867A1 (en) | 2005-08-11 |
| JPWO2003106419A1 (ja) | 2005-10-13 |
| JP4258656B2 (ja) | 2009-04-30 |
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