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WO2003036061A1 - Organe d'aide au demarrage et chambre de combustion - Google Patents

Organe d'aide au demarrage et chambre de combustion Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2003036061A1
WO2003036061A1 PCT/DE2002/002552 DE0202552W WO03036061A1 WO 2003036061 A1 WO2003036061 A1 WO 2003036061A1 DE 0202552 W DE0202552 W DE 0202552W WO 03036061 A1 WO03036061 A1 WO 03036061A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
starting aid
opening
wall
receptacle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/DE2002/002552
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hans-Peter Bauer
Albrecht Geissinger
Christoph Haluschka
Sven Geiger
Steffen Carbon
Christoph Kern
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of WO2003036061A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003036061A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F1/242—Arrangement of spark plugs or injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2275/00—Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F02B2275/14—Direct injection into combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a starting aid for
  • Glow plugs are already known which comprise means for introducing the respective glow plug into a cylinder head bore. These means are, for example, in the form of a thread and hexagon arranged distant from the combustion chamber, in order to enable the glow plug body to be screwed into the cylinder head bore from outside the combustion chamber.
  • the starting aid By introducing the starting aid into the opening via the combustion chamber, the starting aid can be arranged on the combustion chamber side, completely sealing the opening, so that there is no space on the combustion chamber side between the starting aid and an inner wall of the opening, for example in the form of an annular gap, in which unburned fuel can accumulate and lead to poorer combustion.
  • a particularly simple implementation of an arrangement of the means for introducing the starting aid on the combustion chamber side is that the means for introducing the
  • Starting aid on the combustion chamber side include a receptacle for a turning tool, in particular a screwdriver. This ensures that the starting aid can only be installed in the opening via the combustion chamber.
  • the means for introducing the starting aid comprise a section whose diameter is larger than the diameter of the opening. In this way, a complete sealing of the end of the opening on the combustion chamber side is ensured by the starting aid.
  • the starting aid comprises fastening means, in particular a thread for fastening within the wall of the combustion chamber or at the end of the opening outside the combustion chamber outside the wall of the combustion chamber.
  • fastening means in particular a thread for fastening within the wall of the combustion chamber or at the end of the opening outside the combustion chamber outside the wall of the combustion chamber.
  • the starting aid is attached to the wall of the combustion chamber by gluing, soldering, pressing in, screwing or crimping. In this way, a complete sealing of the opening on the combustion chamber side can be brought about by the starting aid, so that there is no formation of an annular gap between the opening and the starting aid on the combustion chamber side.
  • the combustion chamber according to the invention for internal combustion engines with the features of independent claim 6 has the advantage that the wall of the combustion chamber in the region of the opening comprises a receptacle for the means for introducing the starting aid on the combustion chamber side. In this way it can be prevented that the starting aid protrudes into the combustion chamber and disrupts the flow of the fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber.
  • the wall of the combustion chamber at the end of the opening remote from the combustion chamber comprises a support for a fastening element, in particular a nut, via which the starting aid can be fastened to the wall of the combustion chamber.
  • a fastening element in particular a nut
  • the starting aid cannot be introduced from outside the combustion chamber, but can at least be attached to the wall of the combustion chamber from outside the combustion chamber or detached from the wall of the combustion chamber, so that at least the fastening and detaching process can be carried out more comfortably.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first exemplary embodiment of a starting aid according to the invention and a combustion chamber according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a second exemplary embodiment of a starting aid according to the invention and a combustion chamber according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a third exemplary embodiment of a starting aid according to the invention and a combustion chamber according to the invention
  • FIG. 4a shows a front view of a starting aid according to the invention in FIG a first alternative
  • Figure 4b is a combustion chamber side front and side view of the invention
  • FIG. 5 is a front view of the combustion chamber side of the invention.
  • 15 denotes a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, which in this example is to be designed as a diesel engine.
  • a piston 85 is provided in the combustion chamber 15 for compressing a fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber 15.
  • the combustion chamber 15 comprises a wall 10, in which, in addition to an outlet valve 95 and an injection nozzle 90, an opening 5 is provided for a starting aid 1 designed as a glow plug.
  • the glow plug generally stands for any starting aid for diesel engines, for example a glow plug, one
  • Glow plug 1 is therefore generally referred to below as a starting aid.
  • the starting aid comprises a connection part 100 and a heating part 105, the connection part 100 being arranged far from the combustion chamber and the heating part 105 being arranged on the combustion chamber side.
  • the heating part 105 enables the mixture to ignite properly even at low temperatures and is supplied with heating current via the connection part 100.
  • the connecting part 100 is connected via a connecting cable 110 to an on-board electrical system voltage source (not shown in FIG. 1), possibly via corresponding control elements, such as control devices, of the motor vehicle.
  • the starting aid 1 continues to 25 means
  • the wall 10 is part of a cylinder head 20 enclosing the combustion chamber 15 with the piston 85.
  • the means 25 are arranged on the combustion chamber side and, in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, also form the end on the combustion chamber side of the starting aid 1. Therefore, the means 25 also include the heating part 105 on the combustion chamber end of the starting aid 1.
  • the heating part 105 can only form the end of the means 25 on the combustion chamber side or can be completely identical to the means 25.
  • the means 25 can be T-shaped in cross section, the heating part
  • the heating part 105 faces the combustion chamber 15, whereas the shaft 115 is arranged facing away from the combustion chamber 15.
  • the heating part 105 has a first diameter D1 and the shaft 115 has a third diameter D3.
  • the opening 5 has a second diameter D2.
  • the second diameter D2 could also be larger than the third diameter D3, but is usually smaller.
  • the second diameter D2 can ultimately be chosen arbitrarily.
  • the wall 10 now comprises a first receptacle 55 for accommodating the heating part 105 and a second receptacle 60 for accommodating the shaft 115 of the means 25.
  • the first receptacle 55 and the second receptacle 60 are designed in such a way that they have the heating part 105 and the shaft 115 completely so that the starting aid 1 cannot protrude into the combustion chamber and a contour adaptation to the geometry of the combustion chamber 15 is realized.
  • the connecting part 100 connected to the means 25 has a diameter which is slightly smaller than the second diameter D2 and thus finds place in the opening 5 from which it partially protrudes far from the combustion chamber in order to accommodate the connecting cable 110.
  • the starting aid 1 can only be introduced into the opening 5 via the means 25 via the combustion chamber 15. Accordingly, a starting aid 1 built into the wall 10 can only be removed from the opening 5 via the combustion chamber 15 for the same reasons.
  • the means 25 comprise a first section 35, which corresponds to the heating part 105, and a second section 120, which corresponds to the shaft 115.
  • the starting aid 1 comprises fastening means 40, 70 with which the starting aid 1 can be fastened within the wall 10 of the combustion chamber 15.
  • This can be, for example, a first thread 40 in the area of the connecting part 100, which is the external thread of the
  • Starting aid 1 with a corresponding internal thread of the opening 5, which is not shown in Figure 1 can be screwed. Additionally or alternatively, the shaft 115 and / or the heating part 105 can also have a second thread, which can also be screwed to a corresponding internal thread of the second receptacle 60 or the first receptacle 55. According to FIG. 1, a second thread 70 of the starting aid 1 is shown only for the shaft 115, which is screwed to the internal thread 65 of the second receptacle 60.
  • the starting aid 1 can also be fastened to the wall 10 of the combustion chamber 15 by gluing, soldering, pressing in, crimping or in any other manner known to the person skilled in the art. Such attachment can take place in particular in the area of the means 25, preferably in the area of the heating part 105, but also in the area of the connection part 100.
  • the heating part 105 can also have a receptacle 30 for a on its side facing the combustion chamber 15
  • Twisting tools for example a wrench, as shown in FIG. 4a in a front view of the end of the starting aid 1 on the combustion chamber side, the same reference numerals in FIG. 4a denoting the same elements as in FIG. 1.
  • the receptacle 30 comprises only two edges for receiving a corresponding wrench.
  • the heating part 105 with the receptacle 30 can also be seen in profile.
  • the receptacle 30 protrudes from the heating part 105 and can, for example, be an integral part of the heating part 105.
  • the receptacle 30 is designed as a groove for receiving a screwdriver.
  • the diameter of the first receptacle 55 is only slightly larger than or equal to the first diameter D1 in order to be able to accommodate the heating part 105.
  • the diameter of the second receptacle 60 is only slightly larger than or equal to the third diameter D3 in order to be able to accommodate the shaft 115.
  • the diameter of the first receptacle 55 should only be chosen so much larger in relation to the first diameter D1 that it can accommodate the heating part 105, whereby essentially no space should remain between the heating part 105 and the wall 10 in order to prevent deposits to avoid unburned fuel there. This is ensured in particular when the heating part 105 is connected to the first receptacle 55 by a screw connection. If, as in FIG. 1, the heating part 105 does not protrude into the combustion chamber 15, it cannot impair the flows of the fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber 15.
  • FIG. 2 shows a second exemplary embodiment, in which the same reference numerals designate the same elements as in FIG. 1.
  • the heating part 105 is extended over the entire length of the opening 5 in the second exemplary embodiment according to FIG protrudes from the opening 5 and, on the combustion chamber side, is flush with the wall 10 as in the first exemplary embodiment.
  • the heating part 105 again has the first diameter D1 on the combustion chamber side, which is larger than the second diameter D2 of the opening 5, the diameter of the heating part 105 being smaller than the second diameter D2 away from the combustion chamber.
  • the heating part 105 according to FIG. 2 is thus mounted in the first receptacle 55 in the same way as in FIG. As in the first exemplary embodiment according to FIG.
  • the part of the heating part 105 stored in the first receptacle 55 represents the first section 35 of the means 25 for introducing the starting aid 1.
  • the means 25 comprise only this first section 35.
  • the first section 35 can, as in the manner described in the first exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1, be fastened in the first receptacle 55 by screw connection, by adhesive connection, by solder connection, by pressing in, by crimping or the like.
  • this type of fastening is only optionally provided for the second exemplary embodiment according to FIG.
  • the starting aid 1 in the second exemplary embodiment is fastened to the wall 10 outside the wall 10 by a fastening element 80.
  • the wall 10 has a support 75 for the fastening element 80 at an end 50 of the opening 5 remote from the combustion chamber.
  • the fastening element 80 can be, for example, a Act screw nut, which is screwed to a fixed thread 45 of the heating part 105 outside the wall 10 and holds the heating part 105 in the opening 5 and the first receptacle 55 in a force-locking manner. If only the type of fastening realized outside the wall 10 by means of the
  • Fastening element 80 is provided, so there is the advantage that the starting aid 1 must be brought into the opening 5 via the combustion chamber 15, but a fastening comfortably from outside the cylinder head 20, for example by means of a
  • connection part 100 of the starting aid 1 is located directly at the connection point of the connection cable 110 to the heating part 105 and is designed, for example, as a mating connector for receiving a plug of the connection cable 110. For reasons of clarity, this is not shown in FIG. 2.
  • the heating part 105 can have the receptacle 30 for a turning tool according to FIG. 4 on its side facing the combustion chamber in order to provide a possibility of at least screwing the starting aid 1 from the combustion chamber 15 to the fastening element 80 or an existing one Loosen screw connection.
  • the heating part 105 extends over the entire length of the opening 105.
  • the first section 35 of the means 25 can form the heating part 105, the connecting part 100 then extending over the further course of the opening 5.
  • the means 25 are each completely in one or two Recordings of the wall 10 taken. However, it can also be provided that there is no receptacle for the means 25 in the wall 10, so that the means 25 protrude into the combustion chamber 15 at the end of the opening 5 on the combustion chamber side.
  • the opening 5 can also be completely sealed off by the means 25 on the combustion chamber side and an intermediate space for the storage of unburned fuel can be prevented.
  • this solution it must be accepted that the flow of the fuel-air Mixtures in the combustion chamber 15 can be adversely affected by the means 25 projecting into the combustion chamber 15.
  • the heating part 105 is not extended over the opening 5, but is only received by the first receptacle 55.
  • the connecting cable 110 is guided over the entire length of the opening 5 and is only connected to the heating part 105 when the first receptacle 55 is reached.
  • the connection part 100 thus forms the connection point between the connection cable 110 and the heating part 105 completely stored in the first receptacle 55.
  • the heating part 105 can be pressed in in the manner already described, for example by a screw connection, an adhesive connection, a solder connection , be fixed in the receptacle 55 by crimping or the like, the heating part 105 in this case simultaneously forming the means 25 for insertion.
  • the first section 35 of the means 25 is the part of the heating part 105 located in the first receptacle 55. Also in the third exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3, the first diameter D1 of the heating part 105 is larger than the second diameter D2 of the opening 5, so that the heating part 105, as in the previously described exemplary embodiments, only via the combustion chamber 15 into the first receptacle 55 End of the opening 5 on the combustion chamber side can be introduced, so that the opening 5 only serves to receive the connecting cable 110, which also belongs to the starting aid 1. In this way it is possible that the second diameter D2 can be kept particularly small, since only the connecting cable 110 has to be passed through the opening 5. The gained space of the wall 10 leaves more
  • the heating part 105 is curved on the combustion chamber side or has another shape, such as a tip or one
  • the heating part 105 on its side facing the combustion chamber can in turn include the receptacle 30 known from FIG. 4 for a turning tool.
  • the heating part 105 seals the opening 5 in exemplary embodiments, since the first diameter D1 is larger than the second diameter D2. If the diameter of the first receptacle 55 is insignificantly larger than the first diameter D1, then in the third exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3, too, no space is created for the storage of unburned fuel residues on the combustion chamber side, especially not if the heating part 105 in the first section 35 of the means 25 in the first receptacle 55 is screwed in.
  • the heating part 105 on the combustion chamber side Due to the curvature of the heating part 105 on the combustion chamber side, as in the case of a conventional glow plug, a concentration of the heating heat of the heating part 105 on the combustion chamber side and a larger hot surface are brought about, so that the heating or glowing process can be accelerated.
  • the first receptacle 55 could also be dispensed with in the third exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3, and the heating part 105 could be placed directly on the combustion chamber side on the wall 10, covering the opening 5, the connecting cable 10 again being guided through the opening 5. This would then no longer be possible by means of a screw connection, but only by gluing or soldering the heating part 105 to the wall 10.
  • the means 25 could be in the areas of which Diameter is larger than the second diameter D2, in the form of a nut or a hexagon to be formed
  • the starting aid 1 can be introduced into the opening 5 by means of a twisting tool designed, for example, as a wrench.
  • the means 25 can of course have the receptacle 30 according to FIG. 4 on the combustion chamber side.
  • FIGS. 1-3 runs vertically to the longitudinal axis of the heating part 105, but according to an alternative embodiment to FIG. 5 according to FIG. 5 it can also run horizontally and therefore perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the heating part 105, generally in any direction to the longitudinal axis of the heating part 105, run.
  • the same reference symbols designate the same elements as in FIG. 3.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un organe d'aide au démarrage (1) destiné à des moteurs à combustion interne, notamment une bougie crayon de préchauffage nécessitant un espace de montage réduit dans la tête de cylindre. Ledit organe d'aide au démarrage (1) comporte des éléments (25) destinés à l'introduction de ce dernier dans une ouverture (5) d'une paroi (10) d'une chambre de combustion (15), notamment dans la zone de la tête de cylindre (20). Les éléments (25) destinés à l'introduction de l'organe d'aide au démarrage (1) sont disposés côté chambre de combustion de manière que ledit organe (1) puisse uniquement être introduit dans l'ouverture (5) ou extrait de l'ouverture (5) au travers de la chambre de combustion (15).
PCT/DE2002/002552 2001-10-04 2002-07-12 Organe d'aide au demarrage et chambre de combustion Ceased WO2003036061A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10148857A DE10148857A1 (de) 2001-10-04 2001-10-04 Starthilfsmittel und Brennraum
DE10148857.2 2001-10-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003036061A1 true WO2003036061A1 (fr) 2003-05-01

Family

ID=7701303

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE2002/002552 Ceased WO2003036061A1 (fr) 2001-10-04 2002-07-12 Organe d'aide au demarrage et chambre de combustion

Country Status (3)

Country Link
DE (1) DE10148857A1 (fr)
TW (1) TW534946B (fr)
WO (1) WO2003036061A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2911373A1 (fr) * 2007-01-16 2008-07-18 Renault Sas Moteur thermique a injection directe comportant des moyens de prechauffage

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1146679A (en) * 1912-11-12 1915-07-13 Winton Gas Engine And Mfg Company Oil-vaporizer for combustion-engines.
DE702346C (de) * 1939-03-29 1941-02-06 Werke Kiel Akt Ges Deutsche ndere fuer den Betrieb mit schwer zuendenden Brennstoffen
DE2915285A1 (de) * 1979-04-14 1980-10-23 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Heizvorrichtung fuer den brennraum einer kolbenbrennkraftmaschine mit direkter einspritzung und anlagerung des kraftstoffs an der wand eines im kolbenboden ausgebildeten brennraums
EP0485610A1 (fr) * 1990-06-04 1992-05-20 Nippon Clean Engine Research Institute Co., Ltd. Moteur a combustion interne du type a allumage par impact du carburant contre une surface chauffee et procede d'allumage par impact du carburant contre une surface chauffee
JPH04171272A (ja) * 1990-11-05 1992-06-18 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd 直接噴射式ディーゼルエンジンの燃料着火用セラミックヒータ
EP0634571A1 (fr) * 1993-05-18 1995-01-18 Mazda Motor Corporation Dispositif d'admission d'un moteur diesel
JPH0988794A (ja) * 1995-09-27 1997-03-31 Toyota Autom Loom Works Ltd ディーゼルエンジンの予熱装置、予熱ヒータ及びグロープラグ

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1146679A (en) * 1912-11-12 1915-07-13 Winton Gas Engine And Mfg Company Oil-vaporizer for combustion-engines.
DE702346C (de) * 1939-03-29 1941-02-06 Werke Kiel Akt Ges Deutsche ndere fuer den Betrieb mit schwer zuendenden Brennstoffen
DE2915285A1 (de) * 1979-04-14 1980-10-23 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Heizvorrichtung fuer den brennraum einer kolbenbrennkraftmaschine mit direkter einspritzung und anlagerung des kraftstoffs an der wand eines im kolbenboden ausgebildeten brennraums
EP0485610A1 (fr) * 1990-06-04 1992-05-20 Nippon Clean Engine Research Institute Co., Ltd. Moteur a combustion interne du type a allumage par impact du carburant contre une surface chauffee et procede d'allumage par impact du carburant contre une surface chauffee
JPH04171272A (ja) * 1990-11-05 1992-06-18 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd 直接噴射式ディーゼルエンジンの燃料着火用セラミックヒータ
EP0634571A1 (fr) * 1993-05-18 1995-01-18 Mazda Motor Corporation Dispositif d'admission d'un moteur diesel
JPH0988794A (ja) * 1995-09-27 1997-03-31 Toyota Autom Loom Works Ltd ディーゼルエンジンの予熱装置、予熱ヒータ及びグロープラグ

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 016, no. 474 (M - 1319) 2 October 1992 (1992-10-02) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1997, no. 07 31 July 1997 (1997-07-31) *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2911373A1 (fr) * 2007-01-16 2008-07-18 Renault Sas Moteur thermique a injection directe comportant des moyens de prechauffage

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE10148857A1 (de) 2003-04-24
TW534946B (en) 2003-06-01

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