WO2003089939A1 - Automatic analyzing device for trace quantity of blood - Google Patents

Abstract

A simple and low cost automatic analyzing device for trace quantity of blood allowing the same inspection as in a conventional automatic analyzing device to be performed also for infants and patients with an advanced disease using a trace quantity of specimen and small amount of reagent, wherein the reagent adhered to the outer surface of a reagent nozzle is wiped out by an adhered reagent wiping part after the specified amount of reagent in correspondence with an measurement item is sucked by the reagent nozzle of a reagent partial filling device, the reagent nozzle is moved to over a reaction container and the sucked reagent is partially filled therein, the specimen adhered to the outer surface of a specimen nozzle is wiped out by the adhered liquid wiping part after the specimen necessary for the measurement item is sucked from a specimen container by the specimen nozzle of a specimen partial filling device, the specimen nozzle is moved to over the reaction container and the amount of specimen in correspondence with the item of reagent in the reaction container is discharged for partial filling, the specimen is agitated by the agitating bar of an agitating device, and a reaction specimen heated and reacted in isothermal state is optically measured with a specified wave length.

Description

 Specification

 Ultra-trace blood automatic analyzer

 Technical field

 The present invention relates to an ultra-trace blood automatic analyzer that can perform an analysis with a very small amount of blood and a very small amount of a reagent. The present invention relates to an ultra-trace blood automatic analyzer that can reduce blood consumption and can perform a blood test even on a sample such as a bird that can collect only a very small amount of blood. .

 Background art

 Automated analyzers that analyze components such as GOT, GPT, ALP, and TP in blood and urine are widely used in medical sites such as hospitals, and the test results are used as treatment data. At present, however, the amount of sample required for a general biochemical automated analyzer is approximately 3 to 30 μ1 per test, which is generally the case with immunochemical automated analyzers. It is 10 to 100 μ1. Therefore, the conventional dispensing technology has a limit of 3 μ1 (guaranteed that the variation count CV is 2% or less), so the minimum dispensable sample volume of 3 μ1 is used as the minimum standard. The sample amount and reagent amount for each test item have been determined.

 However, in such conventional dispensing methods, the minimum dispensable sample volume is limited to 3 μl, which is the most sensitive test item to be analyzed simultaneously. The sample volume of the item is defined as 3/1, and the final reaction volume is determined from the reagent volume that matches this sample volume, and considering the relationship with this final reaction volume, other The sample amount and reagent amount for the item are determined. For this reason, it is currently not possible to sufficiently test infants and critically ill patients whose blood collection is small using conventional analyzers. Therefore, there has been a strong demand for an analyzer capable of sufficiently reducing the amount of a sample per test and sufficiently testing infants and severely ill patients.

In addition, when expensive reagents used in immunoassays or gene analysis are used, reducing this final reaction solution will reduce the cost of analysis. This type of expensive test is tied to the final volume in one item. Can't reduce the cost of analyzing drug-based tests. As described above, at present, there is a strong demand from the inspection side to enable the inspection of infants and critically ill patients and to reduce the cost of inspection. Deme -S o

 On the other hand, at the animal (dog, cat, birds, etc.) hospital, at present, blood tests are carried out using human automated analyzers to understand the condition of pets. . Currently, there are about 10,000 animal hospitals in Japan, and about 90% of the animal hospitals have installed simple g-motion analyzers.

 However, the amount of blood that can be collected from sick dogs such as dogs and cats is generally low, and the amount of blood collected from sick birds is as small as several hundred μ1. Therefore, inspection is not possible. For this reason, in the past, inspections were limited to the minimum necessary items at present, and there is a problem that it is extremely difficult to grasp the exact medical condition. Was.

 In order to solve such a problem, a conventional automatic analyzer with a minimum sample volume of 1/10 would require about 20 items even if the serum volume is 30 μm. As the number of veterinary hospitals is expected to increase by about 10% annually, as the number of veterinary clinics is expected to increase in the future, as the number of veterinary clinics is expected to increase in the future. It is common to provide the same services to human beings, and the demand is great at present.

 The present invention has been made in view of such a situation, and its purpose is to use a very small amount of a sample and a small amount of a reagent and perform a test similar to that of a conventional automatic analyzer. Of course, this configuration is most suitable for emergency tests and satellite tests at general hospitals, and can also be used for blood tests on animals that require a small amount of blood, such as a pet, as a prerequisite. It is an object of the present invention to provide a completely new ultra-trace blood automatic analyzer which can be provided simply and at low cost.

 Disclosure of the invention

In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, an ultra-trace blood automatic analyzer is provided, as described in claim 1, in accordance with a predetermined item corresponding to the measurement item. After aspirating the amount of reagent with the reagent nozzle of the reagent dispensing device, the reagent adhering to the outer surface of the reagent nozzle is wiped by the attached reagent wiping unit, and thereafter, the reagent nozzle is put on the reaction container. Then, the aspirated reagent is dispensed and the reagent required for the measurement item is aspirated from the sample container using the sample nozzle of the sample dispenser into the reaction container into which the drug has been dispensed. The sample adhering to the outer surface of the sample nozzle is wiped with the liquid wiping unit, and then the sample nozzle is transferred onto the reaction container, and the sample amount corresponding to the reagent item in the reaction container is measured. After discharging and dispensing, the mixture is stirred by a stirrer of a stirrer and optically measured at a predetermined wavelength with respect to a reaction specimen which has been heated and reacted at a constant temperature. You.

 A liquid-absorbing tape is provided in the adhering reagent wiping section, the adhering liquid wiping section, and the stirring rod wiping section, as described in claim 2. By being configured to be wound up by a fixed amount, it is possible to accurately quantify trace amounts of samples and reagents, and to bring in the reaction solution and washing solution attached to the stirring rod ( By preventing cross-contamination, reliable and accurate measurements can be made and cost can be significantly reduced. It is characterized by the fact that it is configured as follows.

 Further, in the ultra-trace blood automatic analyzer according to the present invention, as described in claim 3, the washing water is normally provided in a flow path that connects the nozzles and a pump. When the sample or reagent is aspirated, the pump is operated to aspirate so that air bubbles are interposed between the sample or reagent and the washing water so as not to mix. It is characterized by and.

According to the present invention, as described in claim 4, each of the nozzles and the pump is provided so that a sample or a reagent can be dispensed in a very small amount. A pressure holding section that holds the pressure in the pipe and a high-speed plunger valve (a solenoid valve that opens and closes the orifice at high speed with a very small plunger) are interposed in the flow path that connects the and. And the pressure of the pressure holding section is The high-pressure plunger valve is opened and closed at a high speed when dispensing a sample or a reagent, while controlling the pressure to be maintained at a constant pressure via a force adjusting means. It is characterized by having such a configuration. In this case, as described in claim 5, the high-speed plunger valve sets the voltage current during the operation as the rated voltage current, and reduces the voltage current to the holding voltage current immediately after the operation. It is desirable to configure so as to prevent malfunction and durability deterioration due to heating.

 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

 FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a micro blood automatic analyzer according to one embodiment of the present invention.

 Fig. 2 is an explanatory view of the mechanism showing the principle of the ultra-trace blood automatic analyzer. Fig. 3 shows the state of the ultra-trace blood automatic analyzer after initialization in the sample dispensing system. FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of a flow path piping.

 FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of the washing operation of the sample dispensing system.

 FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of the sample dispensing system up to the sample aspirating operation of the sample nozzle.

 FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of the operation up to the dispensing of the sample nozzle.

 FIG. 7 is an operation explanatory diagram showing a dispensing state of the sample nozzle.

 FIG. 8 is an explanatory view of cleaning the sample suction system of the sample nozzle.

 FIG. 9 is an explanatory view of the rewashing operation of the sample dispensing system.

 FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of the end of one cycle operation of the sample dispensing system. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on an embodiment example shown in the accompanying drawings.

As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the ultra-trace blood automatic analyzer 1 according to this embodiment takes the blank value of the reaction vessel 6 in advance, so that the first reagent corresponding to the measurement item is determined in advance. Is dispensed into the reaction vessel 6 in a predetermined amount, and after the blank value measurement is completed, the operation is controlled so that the sample is dispensed in a predetermined amount. The specific configuration of the ultra-small blood automatic analyzer 1 controlled in this way includes a sample container transfer device 3 for holding a plurality of sample containers 2 in a loop, and a sample container 2 at a sample suction position A. A sample dispensing device 4 for aspirating a small amount of sample from the inside, and an adhering liquid wiping device 5 for wiping a sample adhering to the outer surface of the sample nozzle PA of the sample dispensing device 4 at an adhering liquid wiping position B; A reaction table 7 for holding and rotating a plurality of reaction vessels 6 in which a sample aspirated by the sample nozzle PA is dispensed at a sample dispensing position C; a first reagent and a second reagent corresponding to measurement items; The reagent is dispensed into the reaction container 6 at the reagent dispensing position D at the reagent dispensing position D, and the reagent container 9 containing the first reagent and the second reagent corresponding to the measurement item is held in a loop, and Reagents that rotate and transfer to reagent dispensing position E or second reagent dispensing position F A device 10, an attached reagent wiping device 11 for wiping a sample attached to the outer surface of the reagent nozzle PB of the reagent dispensing device 8 at an attached solution wiping position G, and a sample stored in the reaction container 6. A stirrer 12 that stirs and homogenizes the mixed state with the reagent at the stirrer position H, and an optical analyzer 1 that irradiates the reaction solution with light having a wavelength corresponding to the measurement item at the light measurement position I and measures the amount of transmitted light 1 3 and an arithmetic circuit 14 that converts the light intensity data measured by the optical analyzer 13 into a voltage, performs arithmetic processing, and performs quantitative analysis of the measurement items. It is composed of a control circuit (CPU) 15 that drives and controls it to operate, a printer 16 that prints the measurement data in association with the sample information, and a power. In FIG. 2, reference numeral 17 denotes a power supply unit, and reference numeral 18 denotes a motor drive circuit of each mechanism. And 1 9 the temperature control circuitry that manages the thermostatic temperature of the temperature control and the reaction vessel of the reagent, 2 0 you are respectively shown the operation unit.

In the micro blood automatic analyzer 1 having the above configuration, the number of simultaneous test items is set to 20 in the present embodiment, and the number of continuous test items is set to 80 (maximum 2). 0 items, 4 samples), the used sample volume is 30 μ 1/20 items (required sample volume Ι Ο Ο μ 1), and the used reagent volume is 50 μ 1 (1 reagent system) ~: L 0 0 β 1 (two-reagent system) No. The reaction table is exchangeable (disposable type), and the discrete single-line multi-item analysis method is used. The point method and the rate method were used as the analysis method, the absolute method and the relative method were used for the measurement method, and the analysis time was 12.5 minutes. The reaction time is set at 7.5 minutes. Of course, the present invention is not limited to the specification of the present embodiment, but may adopt various known analysis methods and analysis methods, and also requires a time required for analysis. The reaction time, sample amount and reagent amount can also be increased or decreased according to the purpose of use.

 The sample container transfer device 3 employs a turntable method, and is configured so as to intermittently feed the sample container 2 to the sample dispensing position A at regular intervals. The number of sample sets is 6 for the calibration curve and 6 for general samples. The specimen identification is managed by the table number.

 The sample dispensing device 4 transfers the sample nozzle PA from the sample aspirating position A to the reaction container 7 that has reached the sample dispensing position C of the reaction table 6 via the attached liquid wiping position B, and removes the aspirated sample. After dispensing the required amount, it is transported again to the adhering liquid wiping position B.

 As shown in FIG. 3, for example, as shown in FIG. 3, the adhered liquid wiping device 5 is provided with a predetermined time from a long suction tape 21 to a take-up roller 23 from a force S roller 22. The cleaning trough 24 is disposed between the rollers 22 and 23 so as to be wound up by a predetermined amount by a ring.

 With this configuration, when the sample nozzle PA from which the sample has been aspirated is transferred to the adhering liquid wiping position B and descends at the position B, the nozzle PA comes into contact with the liquid absorbing tape 21. By piercing or piercing, the sample adhering to the outer surface of the nozzle PA is sucked up, so that the dispensed amount can be controlled accurately. This is the most important management technique, especially for instruments that analyze very small amounts of blood.

In addition, the nozzle PA is transferred to the position B before the sample dispensing and is subjected to the work of wiping off the adhered sample.However, in the washing stage after the sample dispensing, the nozzle PA is transferred again to the same position B, as shown in FIG. As shown, go down and wash trough 24 After the cleaning work inside and outside the nozzle PA, the cleaning water adhered to the outer surface of the nozzle PA was absorbed by the liquid absorbing tape 21 as shown in Figs. Since there is no need to worry about washing water entering the sample and diluting it during the next sample aspiration.

 The reaction vessel 6 is formed of a transparent resin or glass in the shape of a square with a bottom.In this embodiment, the reaction vessel 6 held on the reaction table 7 is used after all the reaction vessels 6 have been used. Then, remove each reaction vessel 6 by hand, and set a new reaction vessel 6 on the reaction table 7. The used reaction vessel 6 is washed and reused.

 In this embodiment, the reaction table 7 is rotated at a pitch of 360 ° ± 1 reaction vessel, and each reaction vessel 6 is moved from the sample dispensing position C through the reagent dispensing position D and the stirring position H. It is configured to sequentially transfer to the optical measurement position I. In this reaction table 7, the temperature control circuit 19 controls the reaction liquid of the sample and the reagent so as to maintain a constant temperature state, that is, a state at 37 ° C. ± 1.

 The reagent dispensing device 8 having the reagent nozzle PB for aspirating the reagent dispenses the first reagent or the second reagent corresponding to the measurement item into the reaction vessel 6 in which the sample has been dispensed. The reagent nozzle PB aspirates a required amount of the first reagent or the second reagent corresponding to the measurement item at the first reagent suction position E or the second reagent suction position F. Thereafter, the sample is transferred to the attached reagent wiping position G, where the reagent attached to the outer surface of the reagent nozzle PB is wiped. In this way, the reagent container 9 containing the first reagent and the second reagent, which can accurately control the amount of the reagent to be dispensed, is provided in the first reagent storage section 9 inside the container in this embodiment. Although a one-bottle type one in which A is formed and a second reagent storage part 9B is formed on the outside is employed, a container can be separately formed and used.

The reagent supply device 10 transfers the reagent container 9 containing the reagent corresponding to the measurement item to the first reagent dispensing position E or the second reagent dispensing position F by forward / reverse rotation control. I do. In the present embodiment, as described above, the reaction vessel 6 In order to measure the blank value, the required amount of the first reagent corresponding to the measurement item is previously dispensed into the reaction vessel 6, and after measuring the blank value, the sample is placed in the reaction vessel 6. In the case of a two-reagent system measurement, a predetermined amount of the second reagent corresponding to the measurement item is dispensed after dispensing a fixed amount and dispensing.

 The adhering reagent wiping device 11, like the adhering liquid wiping device 5, takes a predetermined amount of the long liquid absorbing tape 21 A from the roller to the take-up roller at a predetermined timing. It is configured to be wound up, and a cleaning trough 24A is disposed between the rollers.

 With this configuration, when the reagent nozzle PB that has aspirated the reagent corresponding to the measurement item is transferred to the attached reagent wiping position G and descends at the position G, the nozzle PB is lowered. The reagent adhering to the outer surface of the nozzle PB by contacting or breaking through the liquid absorbing tape 21A is sucked up, so that the amount of the dispensed reagent can be controlled accurately. You.

 In addition, the nozzle PB is transferred to the position G after the suction of the first reagent and the suction of the second reagent, and is subjected to the wiping operation of the adhered reagent, but the same position is again obtained in the washing step after the dispensing of the reagent. G, after which it descends and undergoes cleaning work inside and outside the nozzle PB with the cleaning trough 24 A, and then ascends again when it is raised again, the cleaning adhered to the outer surface of the nozzle PA Since water is wiped off by the absorbent tape 21A, it is possible to prevent contamination of the reagent with the sample, which may lead to quantification errors or cross-contamination. It can be prevented reliably, and there is no fear that the reagent is diluted by the washing water.

The stirrer 12 is provided with a stirrer rod 25 inserted into the reaction solution to stir the reaction solution in order to homogenize the reaction between the sample and the reagent dispensed into the reaction vessel 6. After the completion of the cleaning, the stirring rod 25 is cleaned by a stirring rod wiping device 26 having the same configuration as that of the adhered liquid wiping device 5 in order to prevent cross contamination. It is wiped out. Although not specifically shown, the stirrer 12 also adheres to the outer surface of the stirrer rod 25 after use. A wiping device having the same configuration as that of the attached liquid wiping device 5 for wiping the reaction solution is provided.

 The optical analyzer 13 that forms the detection unit or the observation point is configured by a diffraction grating method (a wavelength conversion method using a filter may be used). Then, the measurement light emitted from the light source 27 and transmitted through the reaction vessel 6 is separated by a diffraction grating and received by a plurality of light receiving elements (not shown) arranged at the focal point of the diffraction grating. The output from the light receiving element corresponding to the measurement item is sent to the arithmetic circuit 14 among them.

 The arithmetic circuit 14 calculates the output value based on a predetermined arithmetic processing method, and the calculated value is printed out from the printer 16.

 The control circuit (CPU) 15 is a circuit that controls all of the automatic analyzer and, at the same time, controls communication with an external CPU. A RAMCPU board (not shown) for recording the operation value of the circuit 14 is also provided. This RAM CPU board automatically stores and saves measurement data, reaction time course data and trouble data of each reaction vessel 6, so that at least one kilomegabyte or more is used. It is configured with a storage capacity, and by outputting the above measurement data from an external output terminal to an external computer, an inspection report can be quickly created in real time. You.

Next, a sample dispensing system of the ultra-trace blood automatic analyzer 1 according to this embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 to 10.The reference numeral 25 in the figure indicates that the washing water W is stored. A container, 26 is a flow path switching valve for switching between flow path 34 having ports a and b and flow path 35 or flow path 37, and 27 is a sample sucking and pressurizing. A pump for cleaning the pressure holding part 20 of the suction system, a pump driving motor 28, a pump control circuit 29, a pump control circuit 30 in the middle of the flow path 35, for example, a coil shape The formed pressure holding part, 31 is a precision pressure gauge that measures the pressure in the flow path 35, and 32 is the pressure in the flow path 36 communicating with the flow path 34 and the flow path 35. Pressure detection circuit to detect, 33 is sample nozzle P A and a high-speed plunger valve interposed in the middle of the pressure holding section 30 are shown.

 FIG. 3 shows a state after the initialization of the sample dispensing system configured as described above, and the analysis of the sample is started from the initialized state. First, in the cleaning operation of the suction system shown in FIG. 4, the flow paths 34 and 37 are connected to the flow path switching valve.

The communication state is set by 26, and the pump 27 operates by suction. When the suction operation is completed, the flow path switching valve 26 is switched to connect the flow path 34 and the flow path 35 with each other. 4 → Flow path switching valve 2 6 → Flow path 3 5 → Pressure holding section 30 → High-speed plunger valve 33 which is turned ON → Flows through sample nozzle PA to wash the inside of the suction system flow path I do. After the washing is completed, the washing water is drained to a washing trough 24.Next, the operation shown in FIG. 5 is such that the sample nozzle PA moves from the washing position B to the sample sucking position A and the sample In this state, the flow path 34 is connected to the flow path 35 via the flow path switching valve 26 and the high-speed The changer valve 33 is set to the ON state (flow path communication state). Then, the pump 27 is slightly activated to suck air into the sample nozzle PA before aspirating the sample 38 from the sample container 2 to dilute the sample with the washing water. Fractionated so that it does not

Drive control is performed to suck a required amount of 38.

 In Fig. 6, the sample nozzle PA rises from the state in Fig. 5, and the sample 38 attached to the outer surface of the nozzle PA at the washing position B is wiped off with the absorbent tape 21. The state of each flow path when it is transferred to the position C is shown. In this state, the flow path 34 is connected to the flow path 35 through the flow path switching valve 26. At the same time, the high-speed plunger valve 33 is set to the OFF state (flow path cutoff state).

FIG. 7 shows a sample dispensing state. In this state, the flow path 34 is connected to the flow path 35 via the flow path switching valve 26 and the pump 2 is connected. 7 operates on the discharge side to increase the pressure in the pressure holding section 30, and before the pressure reaches the set discharge pressure, the feedback signal from the pressure detection circuit 32 is output. The information is sent to the pump control circuit 29 by the signal, and the operation of the pump 27 is controlled. Then, after the pressure control unit 30 opens the high-speed plunger valve 33 in the time (mmsec, nsec unit) corresponding to the sample dispensing amount while the pressure control unit 30 is pressurized to the predetermined pressure, instantaneously. It is controlled by the drive control circuit to be in the OFF state (flow path cutoff state). As a result, even if the amount of the sample is very small, an accurate amount is dispensed. The dispensing operation may be performed within the dispensing cycle time by continuously performing the 20th item, or the aspirating / discharging operation may be performed based on the 1st item.

 FIG. 8 shows the cleaning operation state after the sample dispensing operation has been completed.The sample nozzle PA after the sample dispensing operation has been transferred from the sample dispensing position C to the washing position B. After that, the pump 27 operates and the high-speed plunger valve 33 continues to be in the ON state, and the washing water W filled in the flow passages 34 and 35 flows through the nozzle PA. It is drained to washing trough 24 while washing.

 In the micro-volume blood automatic analyzer 1 according to this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 9, the cleaning operation is performed as shown in FIG. 9 in order to more reliably prevent cross contamination. After finishing, it is configured to perform the cleaning operation again.

 After the rewashing operation is completed in this way, the sample nozzle PA is reset to a sample dispensing cycle operation end state shown in FIG. 10 and is prepared for the next sample dispensing operation.

As described above, in the ultra-trace blood automatic analyzer 1 according to this embodiment, even in the case of a trace amount of sample, the insides of the flow paths 34 and 35 are pressurized, and in this state, By instantaneously controlling the opening and closing of the high-speed plunger valve 33, it is possible to reliably discharge and dispense a fixed amount (required amount) of a small amount of a sample. In addition, the nozzles PA and PB and the liquid adhering to the outer surface of the stirring rod are configured to be wiped off with the liquid-absorbing tape 21 of the disposable type. Quantitative errors due to liquid adhering to the surface can be prevented, and cross contamination can be completely prevented. Also, in the ultra-trace blood automatic analyzer 1 according to this embodiment, the high-speed plunger valve 33 is normally operated at 12 or 24 V DC. After operating at the same voltage, heat generation can be greatly reduced by lowering the voltage to the holding voltage and current.

 Industrial applicability

 Since the ultra-trace blood automatic analyzer according to the present invention is configured as described above, a test similar to that of the conventional auto-analyzer can be performed using a trace amount of sample and a small amount of reagent. It can be easily performed on infants and severely ill patients, and can be applied to blood analysis of kits that can collect only a small amount of blood, and has a simple configuration and low cost. It has excellent effects such as being able to .

Claims

The scope of the claims  1. After aspirating a predetermined amount of reagent corresponding to the measurement item with the reagent nozzle of the reagent dispenser, the reagent adhering to the outer surface of the reagent nozzle is wiped by the attached reagent wiping unit, and thereafter, The reagent nozzle is transferred to the reaction container to dispense the aspirating reagent, and the sample required for the measurement item is transferred from the sample container to the sample of the sample dispensing device in the reaction container into which the reagent has been dispensed. After aspirating with the nozzle, the sample adhering to the outer surface of the sample nozzle is wiped with the liquid wiping unit, and then the sample nozzle is transferred onto the reaction container, and the reagent in the reaction container is removed. After discharging and dispensing the sample amount corresponding to the item, the sample is stirred with the stirrer of the stirrer, and the reaction sample heated and reacted at a constant temperature is optically measured at a predetermined wavelength. A micro blood automatic analyzer characterized by the following features.  2. A liquid-absorbing tape is provided in the adhering reagent wiping section, the adhering liquid wiping section, and the stirring rod wiping section, and the liquid-absorbing tape is wound up in a fixed amount after the liquid is absorbed. 2. The ultra-trace blood automatic analyzer according to claim 1, wherein:  3. The flow path connecting the nozzles and the pump is filled with washing water in a normal state, and when the sample or the reagent is aspirated, the pump operates by suction. The electrode according to any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein air bubbles are interposed between the sample or the reagent and the washing water so as not to be mixed. Micro blood automatic analyzer. 4. A pressure holding section for holding the pipe pressure and a high-speed plunger valve are interposed in the flow path for connecting and connecting the nozzles and the pump, and the pressure of the pressure holding section is adjusted via pressure adjusting means. Along with being controlled so as to maintain a constant pressure, the high-speed plunger valve opens and closes at a high speed when dispensing a sample or reagent, and traces a very small amount of the sample by the pressure of the pressure holding unit. 4. The micro-volume automatic blood analyzer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the reagent is dispensed in required amounts. 5. The ultra-trace blood automatic analyzer according to claim 4, wherein the operating voltage / current of the high speed plunger valve is a rated voltage / current, and is reduced to a holding voltage / current immediately after the operation.