WO2003041209A2 - Vorrichtung und verfahren zum raum- und zeitaufgelösten messen eines betriebsparameters einer elektrochemischen zelle - Google Patents
Vorrichtung und verfahren zum raum- und zeitaufgelösten messen eines betriebsparameters einer elektrochemischen zelle Download PDFInfo
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- WO2003041209A2 WO2003041209A2 PCT/DE2002/004109 DE0204109W WO03041209A2 WO 2003041209 A2 WO2003041209 A2 WO 2003041209A2 DE 0204109 W DE0204109 W DE 0204109W WO 03041209 A2 WO03041209 A2 WO 03041209A2
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- measuring
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- time
- measurement
- switching device
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/569—Constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
- C25C7/06—Operating or servicing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D21/00—Processes for servicing or operating cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D21/12—Process control or regulation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/50—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance, e.g. for maintaining operating temperature
- H01M6/5044—Cells or batteries structurally combined with cell condition indicating means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/06—Lead-acid accumulators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the invention is in the field of electrochemical cells.
- electrochemical cells include, for example, the conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy, the galvanic deposition of metals and redox reactions.
- An electrochemical cell typically comprises at least two electrodes which are arranged in an electrolyte solution.
- the electrochemical cells include, for example, the galvanic elements, for example galvanic primary elements that cannot be reused after a chemical reaction to convert energy, secondary elements or rechargeable batteries that can be recharged, and fuel cells.
- electrochemical cell in the meaning used here includes not only electrochemical cells for the deposition and dissolution of metals and for carrying out redox reactions, but also all types of the various galvanic elements.
- this object is achieved by a device according to independent claim 1, a device according to independent claim 4, a method according to independent claim 21 and a method according to independent claim 24.
- the multiple measuring probes are arranged in different sections of the space between the electrodes and respective measured values are recorded.
- the arrangement of the several measuring probes in the space between the electrodes allows a detailed analysis of the respective local state in one or more areas the electrochemical cell.
- a measuring probe is arranged in a spatial point of the space between the several electrodes of the electrochemical cell, so that the measuring probe is arranged between a positive and a negative electrode of the several electrodes.
- the measurement probe is connected to a measurement device.
- the measuring device is coupled to a measuring circuit with a switching device in order to electrically connect the measuring device and the measuring probe several times with the positive and several times with the negative electrode in the course of the spatially and time-resolved measurement of the measurement parameter with the aid of the switching device.
- a measured value can be determined at a time of the measurement, which gives information about the electrochemical relationships with respect to the positive electrode.
- a measured value can be recorded which provides information regarding the electrochemical relationships with respect to the negative electrode. The measurement can be carried out using only a single measuring probe.
- the dynamic behavior of the electrochemical cell can be analyzed, since after the switching, a certain period of time passes until a steady state (local) has occurred with respect to the measurement of the negative or the positive electrode.
- Another advantage of the described method is that the continuous reversing of the polarity of the measuring probe prevents the measuring probe from being destroyed in the electrolyte solution. At least the process that leads to an electrochemical electrolyte attack on the measuring probe is slowed down.
- Both of the alternatively described procedures for detecting one or more operating parameters in local areas of the electrochemical cell are used to collect measurement value information about the state in local areas between the electrodes of the electrochemical cell. With the help of a measured value acquisition over a measurement period, the time behavior can be studied. Compared to the prior art, exact information about the local state of the electrochemical cell can be obtained in this way in the various areas in which the reactions taking place in the electrochemical cell take place. The measured value information obtained in this way can be evaluated in order to determine the state of aging of the electrochemical cell, the efficiency of the energy conversion in the electrochemical cell or other characteristic properties of the electrochemical cell and, if appropriate, as output information for a diagnosis and / or a forecast as well as a control and regulation of the electrochemical cell.
- the temporal behavior of local states or local situations inside the electrochemical cell can be significantly different from the behavior of the overall state of the electrochemical cell. edge deviate.
- the information about the state of the electrochemical cell in local areas obtained with the help of one or more measuring probes, can therefore provide much earlier information about the future development of the electrochemical cell than when measuring integral measured values at terminals of the electrochemical cell or in the external circuit of the electrochemical cell Cell is possible.
- the measurement of local situations inside the electrochemical cell is therefore suitable for making a prognosis about the further development of the electrochemical cell, which can include, for example, early detection of the end of life of the electrochemical cell.
- An expedient development of the invention in connection with the device, in which a plurality of measuring probes are arranged in different spatial points of the space between the electrodes, can provide that the plurality of electrodes are arranged in a stack, so that stack elements are formed from two of the plurality of electrodes, and at least part of the multiple measuring probes is arranged in different ones of the multiple stacking elements. In this way, measurement values in different areas of the stack of electrodes can be recorded with the aid of the several measuring probes.
- At least some of the several measuring probes are arranged in one of the several stacking elements in order to examine different local areas of the stacking element in detail.
- an advantageous embodiment of the invention can provide that at least one further point in the space between the several electrodes Measuring probe is provided so that several measuring probes are arranged in the space between the several electrodes. This has the advantage that measured values can be recorded in different spatial points within the electrochemical cell, so that a simultaneous tracking of several local situations inside the electrochemical cell is made possible in order to be able to investigate the complexity of the state behavior of the electrochemical cell in a more comprehensive and detailed manner.
- the at least one further measuring probe is arranged between the positive and negative electrodes of the plurality of electrodes and that the at least one further measuring probe is used to carry out the spatial and time-resolved measurement of the measurement parameter with the measuring device and the measuring circuit with the switching device is connected to the measuring device and the at least one further measuring probe in the course of the spatially and time-resolved measurement of the measurement parameter using the switching device several times with the positive and several times with the negative electrode connect.
- a plurality of measuring probes can be switched over with the aid of the switching device in order to detect a measuring parameter relating to the positive electrode at one time of the measurement and to record a measuring parameter relating to the negative electrode at another time of the measurement refers.
- Simultaneous measurement of measurement parameters that relate to the positive electrode and of measurement parameters that relate to the negative electrode is made possible in an expedient embodiment of the invention in that the measurement probe is used to carry out the spatially and time-resolved measurement of the measurement parameter a further measuring device in a further measuring circuit, which is galvanically separated from the measuring circuit, is connected to a further switching device in order to use the further switching device and the switching device to measure the measuring parameter several times with the positive and the negative in the course of the spatially and time-resolved measurement of the measuring parameter To connect the electrode electrically at the same time.
- the switching device and / or the further switching device are connected to a respective control device for generating a time-variable control signal and for applying the time-varying control signal to the switching device and / or the further switching device to cause automatic switching of the switching device and / or the further switching device as a function of the time-varying control signal.
- the switching can be carried out automatically with the aid of the switching device and / or the further switching device according to any predetermined pattern.
- a device optimized for space-resolved measurement is created in a preferred embodiment of the invention in that the plurality of measuring probes are arranged in the room at different height ranges. In this way, measurement parameters can be measured in different layers of the electrochemical cell. If, for example, the electrode plates of a pre-charged accumulator are loaded, the current released will decrease over time, and the clamping voltage will also decrease. An increase in time However, a potential at the measuring probes arranged at different heights follows different functional profiles. The potential of a measuring probe, which is arranged in an upper region of the accumulator, increases considerably more than the potential of a measuring probe, which is positioned in a lower region of the accumulator. The different course of the function is based on the change in the pH value of the electrolyte solution as a result of the formation of water during the loading of the battery in accordance with the chemical equation for the overall process on the plate electrodes of the battery:
- the measuring probes can be arranged in the electrochemical cell between the electrodes in any positions relative to one another and relative to the electrodes, in order to record measured values for the desired measurement parameters in the respective application.
- one or all measuring probes are designed as a potential measuring probe. This can be achieved, for example, with the aid of a metal electrode, a metal oxide electrode, which is, for example, pH-sensitive, a conductive plastic, a micro reference electrode (for example Ag / AgCl).
- all or one measuring probe is designed as a conductivity measuring probe, an induction measuring probe, for example a coil, an impedance measuring probe or a temperature measuring probe, for example a thermocouple.
- a preferred development of the invention can provide that one or all measuring probes have an essentially point-shaped measuring tip. As a result, the measurement with the aid of the measuring probe is limited to a space area between the electrodes that is as limited as possible.
- one or all measuring probes are designed as a Haber-Luggin capillary, as an insulating flat strip with conductor tracks arranged therein an electrically conductive material or with the aid of a metal wire with a sheath outside a metal tip, the sheath being made of an electrolyte-resistant material.
- the sheathing made of the electrolyte-resistant material prevents an electrolytic attack on the measuring probe if it is arranged in the electrolytic solution of the electrochemical cell for measurement.
- a preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the metal wire in the area of the measuring tip is surrounded by an electrolyte-permeable material.
- the electrolyte-permeable material is a plastic with electrolyte channels.
- a short circuit in the electrochemical cell when inserting and operating the measuring probes is advantageously prevented in a preferred embodiment of the invention by arranging one or all measuring probes in a respective separator pocket.
- the separator pocket is made of an electrically insulating material in order to prevent short-circuit contact between the measuring probe and the electrodes of the electrochemical cell.
- the measuring probes are arranged between electrodes, which in turn are each in a separator pocket, which facilitates the removal / insertion of the measuring probes.
- Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the electrochemical cell of a lead.
- Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a measuring probe
- FIG. 4 shows a plate stack of an electrochemical cell in a top view
- FIGS. 5A-5D are schematic representations for different arrangements of measuring probes in an electrochemical cell
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of an arrangement for the spatially and time-resolved measurement of an operating parameter in one or more local areas of an electrochemical cell
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic illustration of another arrangement for measuring an operating parameter in a space and time-resolved manner in one or more local areas of an electrochemical cell
- FIGS. 8A and 8B are graphical representations of the time profile of a control signal and a corresponding measured value
- FIGS. 9A and 9B are graphical representations of another control signal and a measured value corresponding thereto.
- Figure 10 is a schematic representation of an arrangement for spatially and time-resolved measurement of an operating parameter in one or more local areas of an electrochemical cell.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a lead accumulator 100 with a Pb electrode 101 and a PbO 2 electrode 102.
- the two electrodes 101, 102 are arranged in an electrolyte solution 103 based on H SO 4 .
- a separator 104 is positioned between the two electrodes 101, 102.
- a measuring probe 106, on which a measuring tip 107 is formed, is arranged in a space 105 between the two electrodes 101, 102.
- the Measuring probe 106 is connected via a high-resistance measuring unit 108 to a circuit 109 which connects the two electrodes 101, 102.
- the measuring unit 108 is used to create a measuring circuit 110 for measuring a potential in the area of the measuring tip 107 opposite the Pb electrode 101.
- the measuring tip 107 can be positioned in any spatial points in the space 105 between the two electrodes 101, 102. In this way, local potential measurements can be carried out in the different spatial points.
- the measuring points can be located in the space 105 in any local positions which are displaced in height or laterally with respect to the position of the measuring tip 107 shown.
- FIG. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment for the measuring probe 106 in FIG. 1.
- a measuring probe 1 has a solder contact 2 at one end 4 of a thin, electrically conductive measuring cable 3.
- the diameter of the measuring cable 3 with an electrolyte-resistant sheath 7 is preferably less than 0.5 mm.
- Another end 5 of the measuring cable 3 is connected to a suitable measuring device 6, which is, for example, the measuring unit 108 according to FIG. 1.
- the measuring cable 3 is partially surrounded by the electrolyte-resistant jacket 7, which is expediently made of an acid-resistant, electrically insulating plastic.
- the solder contact 2 between the measuring probe 1 and the end 4 of the measuring cable 3 is provided with a lacl coating 8, which protects against an electrolyte attack. In this way, only one measuring tip 8 a can come into contact with the electrolyte when performing the space and time-resolved measurement.
- a material is expediently chosen as the material for the measuring probe 1, which is also a component of the electrochemical cell in which the measurement of the local state is carried out.
- the measuring probe is expediently carried out using a lead wire.
- the measuring probe 1 can optionally be brought into a completely or partially or not yet oxidized state.
- the embodiment of the measuring probe 1 shown in FIG. 2 has the advantage that the measuring tip 8a can also be inserted between electrode plates of an electrochemical cell arranged closely next to one another.
- the measuring tip 8a can be covered with a non-conductive, electrolyte-permeable material (in FIG 1 not shown).
- the material here has electrolyte-permeable channels, so that contact can be established between the measuring tip 8a and the electrolyte solution of the electrochemical cell.
- a suitable material for this is, for example, a porous plastic, in particular polypropylene.
- a further possibility for separating the measuring tip 8a from the electrodes of the electrochemical cell is the at least partial arrangement of the measuring probe 1 in a separator pocket or between two separators (see FIG. 1), so that the measuring tip 8a is separated from the two electrodes 101 and 102.
- a local potential measurement can be carried out with the aid of a metal electrode, a metal oxide electrode that is, for example, pH-sensitive, a conductive plastic or a micro reference electrode (for example Ag / AgCl).
- a metal electrode a metal oxide electrode that is, for example, pH-sensitive, a conductive plastic or a micro reference electrode (for example Ag / AgCl).
- induction probes based on a coil can be used.
- the measuring probe it is possible to design the measuring probe as a conductivity probe or resistance probe, as an impedance measuring probe, as a temperature measuring probe, for example in the form of a thermocouple, or as an insulating resistance wire.
- the measuring probe can be a Haber-Luggin capillary, which uses, for example, glass or electrolyte-resistant material such as plastic.
- an insulating flat tape can be used are embedded in the conductor tracks made of suitable electrically conductive materials.
- the probe materials are in contact with or isolated from the electrolyte, which is the case, for example, with induction measurement or temperature measurement.
- the measuring probe is designed as a coil, the number of turns must be adapted to the amount of charge flowing through when measuring the coil. An area through which the current flows must also be adapted.
- measuring probes are expediently used which correspond to the measuring probes used in the potential measurement, the resistance or the conductivity of the electrolyte solution in the electrochemical cell being measured between two adjacent measuring probes.
- impedance measurement measuring frequencies of an alternating current, with which an alternating current resistance is measured, must be adapted to the electrolytes used in the electrochemical cell.
- thermocouples are used, for example, which are arranged spatially in the electrochemical cell and whose measuring range is matched to the working range of the electrochemical cell. NiCr-Ni, for example, can be used as a thermocouple for a thermocouple used.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B schematically show the structure of electrochemical systems 9 and 10 in plan view, which are lead batteries, for example.
- the systems 9, 10 each comprise a plurality of individual electrochemical cells 11, which are arranged linearly according to FIG. 3A and in the form of a rectangular grid according to FIG. 3B, the electrochemical cells 11 preferably being connected in series.
- the individual electrochemical cells 11 are constructed in the form of a respective plate stack 12 ("stack" for short), with alternating negative plates 13 and positive plates 14 being stacked, for example PbO 2. And Pb plates. All negative plates 13 are connected via a negative plate connector 15 and all positive plates 14 are each conductively connected via a positive plate connector 16.
- Embodiments for the positioning of measuring probes provide for the measuring probes to be inserted in various of the electrochemical cells 11 of the system 9 or 10 in order to use local measurement data in the electrochemical cells 11 (eg voltage, current, temperature %) to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of properties across the electrochemical cells 11.
- local measurement data eg voltage, current, temperature
- Figure 4 shows a plate stack in the electrochemical systems 9, 10 in detail with n plates Pi to P n .
- the negative and the positive plates are arranged alternately, ie each pair of adjacent plates comprises a negative and a positive electrode.
- Embodiments for the positioning of the measuring probes provide that the measuring probes are arranged between one, several or all plate pairs.
- the local arrangement of the measuring probes is an example of a front position 17 between plates P ⁇ and P 2 , a middle position 18 between plates P; and Pj + i as well as a rear position between the plates P n - ⁇ and P n .
- Various measuring probes can be inserted in any horizontal and vertical position between each pair of plates or in each plate stack of the electrochemical cells of the electrochemical system 9, 10.
- Electrodes / plates Electrically converting electrochemical systems such as electrochchemical cells for separating and dissolving metals and for carrying out redox reactions are often characterized by a larger distance between the electrodes / plates, one of the electrodes being a workpiece at the same time. In addition, they often comprise only one pair of electrodes.
- FIGS. 5A to 5D show examples of advantageous arrangements of a plurality of measuring probes relative to an electrode or plate 500.
- FIG. 5A shows three measuring probes 19, 20 and 21 in different height positions with approximately the same horizontal position.
- This arrangement of the measuring probes 19, 20, 21 enables statements to be made about the distribution of properties (eg voltage, current intensity, temperature %) and non-linear structure formation at locations of different heights relative to the plate 500, for example due to the effects of gravity different densities of the electrolyte in the electrochemical cell being investigated.
- properties eg voltage, current intensity, temperature
- FIG. 5B shows three measuring probes 22, 23, 24 in different horizontal positions at approximately the same height relative to the plate 500.
- FIG. 5C shows three measuring probes 25, 26, 27 which are arranged in a diagonal direction relative to the plate 500. This is an example of a combination of the probe distribution shown in Figures 5A and 5B.
- FIG. 5D shows five measuring probes 28, 29, 30, 31, 32 in an internally centered arrangement, with which the spatiotemporal structure formation in the electrochemical cell can be detected particularly advantageously.
- measurement information can be obtained both about the vertical and the horizontal effects as well as an overall picture of a two-dimensional, spatially resolved distribution of the electrochemical properties between two plates of the electrochemical cell.
- the detailed arrangements of the measuring probes between each pair of plates can be used in any combination between adjacent plates of a plate stack.
- the arrangement of the measuring probes in an entire stack of plates can be combined as desired in the individual electrochemical cells of the electrochemical system 9, 10 (cf. FIGS. 3A, 3B or 4). In this way, statements about the local electrochemical properties (such as voltage, current, temperature) can be made at any location.
- a measuring probe in the same horizontal and vertical position is inserted between different plate pairs of a plate stack, statements about the dependence of the physical measured variable within the plate stack can be obtained particularly advantageously during a measurement.
- statements about the spatial and temporal distribution of the local electrochemical properties can be obtained both between plates and within the entire stack.
- the introduction of a measuring probe of the same horizontal and vertical position between the same plate pairs of several electrochemical cells preferably enables statements to be made about the dependence of the measured physical quantities on the electrochemical cells.
- the measurement can provide combined statements about the dependence of the measured physical quantity within the stack and between the electrochemical cells. If several measuring probes are used in several pairs of plates, complex statements can be made about the dependence of the physical measured variable for the entire electrochemical system.
- FIG. 6 shows an example of a measuring device for automatically recording and evaluating the measured data with the aid of measuring probes S ⁇ -SN in an electrochemical system for generating, storing, converting and / or transporting a current.
- the measuring device either measured values of the measuring probes S ⁇ ... SN compared to a positive plate 33 (solid lines 40) or a negative plate 34 (dashed lines 44) are recorded.
- the measuring circuit When measuring against the positive plate 33, the measuring circuit is closed by means of a cable 40 which is guided by contacting a positive plate connector 41 to a further input 42 of the measuring unit 37.
- the cable 40 is passed over a switch 43, which is, for example, a relay or a field effect transistor, whereby the measurement can be interrupted.
- a closed measuring circuit can be formed by using two-wire cables on the measuring probes S 1 ... SN. Such an embodiment is provided for example in the case of an induction or a conductivity measurement.
- the measuring circuit when measuring against the negative plate 34, the measuring circuit is closed (shown in dashed lines) by a cable 44, which is led by contacting a negative plate connector 45 via a switch 46 to the input 42 of the measuring unit 37.
- FIG. 7 shows an advantageous extension of the measuring device shown in FIG. 6, with which measured data can be recorded alternately between the measuring probes S ⁇ -SN and the positive plate 33 or between the measuring probes S ⁇ .-. S N and the negative plate 34.
- the same reference numerals as in FIG. 6 are used in FIG. 7 for the same features.
- the measuring probes S J .S N located between the positive plate 33 and the negative plate 34 are, as in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 6, each connected via a measuring cable 35 to the Measured value inputs 36 of the measuring unit 37 are connected, from which the acquired measured data are forwarded, for example in digital form via the data cable 38 to the data processing unit 39, which can be a personal computer adapted for measuring purposes.
- a control circuit 47 which is carried out for example by means of a relay or a field effect transistor with the measuring unit 37th
- a cable 48 from the contacting of the positive plate connector 41 to a switch contact 49 of the control circuit 47 and another cable 50 from the contacting of the negative plate connector 45 to another switch contact 51 of the control circuit 47 is placed.
- the respective measuring circuit is closed via a further cable 52, which is led from the switching point 53 of the control circuit 47 to the further input 42 of the measuring unit 37.
- the respective measuring circuit can be interrupted by means of a measuring circuit breaker 54, which is, for example, an external switch (eg relay or field effect transistor).
- a measuring circuit breaker 54 which is, for example, an external switch (eg relay or field effect transistor).
- the control circuit 47 is controlled via a control unit 55 which, in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 7, is controlled by the data processing unit 39 via a control data cable 56.
- the individual control signals which can be rectangular pulses, go from the control unit 55 via control lines 57 to control inputs 58 of the control circuit 47.
- a possible time span for the switching of the control circuit 47 can be, for example, thirty seconds.
- the time interval between switching over to measuring with respect to the positive plate 33 or the negative plate 34 is expediently determined as a function of a natural time which is influenced in particular by the behavior of the electrochemical cell to be examined and the measuring device used.
- the proper time can be described here as the time that elapses until after switching over to measuring for the positive or the negative electrode 33, 34 a qualitatively comparable state occurs in the local area of the electrochemical cell which repeats itself periodically.
- FIGS. 8 and 9 show examples of control signals P that can be given for switching the control device 47 according to FIG. 7 to the control device 47, as well as a respective Some example of a measured value M.
- FIG. 8A the time profile of a rectangular pulse with the same pulse width (duration of the pulse) is shown as an example on the lower and the upper pulse height.
- FIG. 8B illustrates, by way of example, the associated time profile of the measured values M, which are recorded with a measuring probe in the electrochemical cell. It can be seen from FIG. 8B that, depending on the pulses P, the measured values M are recorded alternately with respect to the positive plate and with respect to the negative plate.
- FIG. 9A shows an example of a pulse with different pulse widths on the two pulse heights. In this way, for example, polarization effects during the measurement against the two electrodes / plates of the electrochemical cell can be detected.
- FIG. 9B shows a characteristic course over time of the associated measured values M.
- the detected physical measured value M essentially follows the time profile impressed with the aid of the pulses P.
- the response behavior of the electrochemical cell to be measured which is expressed by the measured values M, essentially follows the pulses P impressed from the outside with regard to the periodicity.
- FIG. 7 shows an exemplary embodiment of how a circuit which can be used for this purpose (“double changeover circuit”) can be implemented. This is characterized in that for one of the measuring probes SI ... S N at the same time with two galvanically isolated measuring circuits compared to the positive and measured against the negative of the two electrodes 33, 34 of the electrochemical cell.
- the arrangement of the special S ⁇ -SN between the positive plate 33 and the negative plate 34 corresponds to the arrangements in FIGS. 6 and 7 for the sake of comparability
- the lines required for the measurement and the control as well as the measuring units and the control circuit are provided in duplicate for the embodiment according to Figure 7.
- the measuring cables 35 of the measuring probes SI ... SN are divided into branching points 59 and then in two parallel groups on measured value inputs 60 of a measuring unit 61 or measured value inputs 62 of a measuring unit 63
- the measuring circuits are each closed by, on the one hand, connecting a switching point 68 of the control circuit 66 via a cable 69 to an input 70 of the measuring unit 61 and, on the other hand, a switching point 71 of the control circuit 67 via a cable 72 to an input 73 of the measuring unit 63.
- the measuring circuits can each be interrupted with the aid of an additional measuring circuit breaker 74 or 75, which are designed, for example, as an external switch based on a relay or a field effect transistor.
- the two measurement units 61 and 63 are connected via data cables 76 and 77 to the data processing unit 39, which can be, for example, a suitable personal computer.
- the data processing unit 39 also sends control data via the control data cable 56 to the control unit 55, which in turn sends prepared control signals via a control line 78 to control inputs 80 of the control circuit 66 and via control lines 79 to control inputs 81 of the control circuit 67.
- measuring circuits between the measuring probes SI ... S N and the positive electrode 33 and measuring circuits between the measuring probes Si ... So and the negative electrode 34 can be formed at the same time.
- the measuring circuits can be reversed in each case by means of a switchover, which is initiated by the control unit 55. In this way, measurement values can be recorded against the positive as well as against the negative electrode 33, 34 for all measuring probes S ⁇ -SN at any desired measuring times, so that a series of measurements which is continuous over time results.
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- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
- Measuring Oxygen Concentration In Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10295167T DE10295167D2 (de) | 2001-11-01 | 2002-11-01 | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum raum-und zeitaufgelösten Messen eines Betriebsparameters einer elektrochemischen Zelle |
| AU2002363342A AU2002363342A1 (en) | 2001-11-01 | 2002-11-01 | Device and method for the temporally and spatially dependent measuring of an operating parameter of an electrochemical cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (8)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10153395.0 | 2001-11-01 | ||
| DE10153395 | 2001-11-01 | ||
| DE10154204.6 | 2001-11-07 | ||
| DE10154204 | 2001-11-07 | ||
| DE10231837 | 2002-07-12 | ||
| DE10231837.9 | 2002-07-12 | ||
| DE10243623 | 2002-09-19 | ||
| DE10243623.1 | 2002-09-19 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2003041209A2 true WO2003041209A2 (de) | 2003-05-15 |
| WO2003041209A3 WO2003041209A3 (de) | 2003-12-18 |
Family
ID=27438024
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/DE2002/004109 Ceased WO2003041209A2 (de) | 2001-11-01 | 2002-11-01 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum raum- und zeitaufgelösten messen eines betriebsparameters einer elektrochemischen zelle |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2002363342A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE10295167D2 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2003041209A2 (de) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102013226663A1 (de) | 2013-12-19 | 2015-06-25 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Fahrzeugbatterie mit Impedanzüberwachung |
| CN106483469A (zh) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-03-08 | 成都英诺科技咨询有限公司 | 一种提高电池测试通量的电路、装置及方法 |
| EP3413387A4 (de) * | 2016-10-25 | 2019-05-08 | LG Chem, Ltd. | Sekundärbatterie und lebensdauervorhersagevorrichtung dafür |
| DE102019108921A1 (de) * | 2019-04-04 | 2020-10-08 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Zweiteilige Referenzelektrode |
| DE102023128833A1 (de) * | 2023-07-20 | 2025-01-23 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Elektrochemische Vorrichtung mit multifunktionaler Elektrodenseparatoranordnung mit eingebauten Referenzelektroden |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3599094A (en) * | 1968-09-20 | 1971-08-10 | Vernon R Pring | Tester for storage batteries and voltage regulators including differential voltage indicator and null adjusting means |
| US3818325A (en) * | 1973-01-24 | 1974-06-18 | Nasa | Battery testing device |
| FR2635589B1 (fr) * | 1988-08-17 | 1990-10-26 | Merlin Gerin | Systeme de surveillance automatique en milieu explosif d'une source de courant continu a batteries d'accumulateurs |
| US5488300A (en) * | 1994-10-21 | 1996-01-30 | Jamieson; Robert S. | Method and apparatus for monitoring the state of charge of a battery |
| DE19837863C1 (de) * | 1998-08-20 | 1999-10-28 | Implex Hear Tech Ag | Implantat |
| JP2002313398A (ja) * | 2001-04-16 | 2002-10-25 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | セル電圧測定用ピックアップユニット |
-
2002
- 2002-11-01 AU AU2002363342A patent/AU2002363342A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-11-01 DE DE10295167T patent/DE10295167D2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-11-01 WO PCT/DE2002/004109 patent/WO2003041209A2/de not_active Ceased
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102013226663A1 (de) | 2013-12-19 | 2015-06-25 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Fahrzeugbatterie mit Impedanzüberwachung |
| CN106483469A (zh) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-03-08 | 成都英诺科技咨询有限公司 | 一种提高电池测试通量的电路、装置及方法 |
| EP3413387A4 (de) * | 2016-10-25 | 2019-05-08 | LG Chem, Ltd. | Sekundärbatterie und lebensdauervorhersagevorrichtung dafür |
| US10969438B2 (en) | 2016-10-25 | 2021-04-06 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Secondary battery and life prediction apparatus thereof |
| DE102019108921A1 (de) * | 2019-04-04 | 2020-10-08 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Zweiteilige Referenzelektrode |
| US12512523B2 (en) | 2019-04-04 | 2025-12-30 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Two-part reference electrode |
| DE102023128833A1 (de) * | 2023-07-20 | 2025-01-23 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Elektrochemische Vorrichtung mit multifunktionaler Elektrodenseparatoranordnung mit eingebauten Referenzelektroden |
| DE102023128833B4 (de) * | 2023-07-20 | 2025-06-05 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Elektrochemische Vorrichtung mit multifunktionaler Elektrodenseparatoranordnung mit eingebauten Referenzelektroden |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE10295167D2 (de) | 2004-10-14 |
| AU2002363342A1 (en) | 2003-05-19 |
| WO2003041209A3 (de) | 2003-12-18 |
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