WO2002085840A1 - Process for producing n-formylamino acid and utilization thereof - Google Patents
Process for producing n-formylamino acid and utilization thereof Download PDFInfo
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- WO2002085840A1 WO2002085840A1 PCT/JP2002/003754 JP0203754W WO02085840A1 WO 2002085840 A1 WO2002085840 A1 WO 2002085840A1 JP 0203754 W JP0203754 W JP 0203754W WO 02085840 A1 WO02085840 A1 WO 02085840A1
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- formyl
- methyl ester
- phenylalanine methyl
- salt
- aspartic acid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K5/00—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- C07K5/04—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing only normal peptide links
- C07K5/06—Dipeptides
- C07K5/06104—Dipeptides with the first amino acid being acidic
- C07K5/06113—Asp- or Asn-amino acid
- C07K5/06121—Asp- or Asn-amino acid the second amino acid being aromatic or cycloaliphatic
- C07K5/0613—Aspartame
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C231/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides
- C07C231/02—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides from carboxylic acids or from esters, anhydrides, or halides thereof by reaction with ammonia or amines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C231/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides
- C07C231/08—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides from amides by reaction at nitrogen atoms of carboxamide groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P13/00—Preparation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds
- C12P13/02—Amides, e.g. chloramphenicol or polyamides; Imides or polyimides; Urethanes, i.e. compounds comprising N-C=O structural element or polyurethanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P13/00—Preparation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds
- C12P13/04—Alpha- or beta- amino acids
- C12P13/20—Aspartic acid; Asparagine
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P21/00—Preparation of peptides or proteins
- C12P21/02—Preparation of peptides or proteins having a known sequence of two or more amino acids, e.g. glutathione
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel method for producing N-formyl neutral amino acid and N-formylaspartic acid, and further relates to a precursor of aspartame, N-formyl- ⁇ -L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester and aspartame.
- New production method Background Art
- ⁇ -Formylamino acids such as ⁇ ⁇ -formylaspartic acid and ⁇ ⁇ -formyl neutral amino acid, whose amino group is protected by a formyl group, are important compounds in the food and pharmaceutical fields as intermediates in the synthesis of various peptide compounds. is there.
- ⁇ -formylaspartic acid is an important compound as an intermediate for aspartame, a sweetener.
- a formyl group as an amino group protecting group for an amino acid can be introduced with a relatively inexpensive reagent. can do.
- As a method for synthesizing ⁇ ⁇ -formylaspartic acid for example, as shown in Reaction Step 1 below, aspartic acid is converted to ⁇ -formylaspartic anhydride using formic acid and acetic anhydride, followed by hydrolysis. For example, there is a known method (European Journal of Biochemistry, vol. 10, 318.323, 1969, pp. 318-323). 1969).).
- titanium nitride particles can suppress the length of silicon nitride and make it possible to form a key silicon nitride sintered body with a fine structure. It has been reported.
- the above-mentioned silicon nitride sintered body is sensitive, it does not reduce the frictional properties as a building material, especially the non-lubricated friction which is most expected for the energy saving trend. Not yet studied.
- a well-known technique for producing a ceramic material having a friction coefficient is to disperse a solid-side lubricant such as boron nitride, molybdenum sulfide, and graphite in the material. I have.
- a solid-side lubricant such as boron nitride, molybdenum sulfide, and graphite in the material. I have.
- the # 2 phase of these solid aggregates can be dispersed only in the size of the submicron mouth, and there is a limit to the reduction of the friction coefficient.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-43372 has an average shortcoming of silicon nitride containing Ml carbon of less than 0.5 to 50 S *%. Silicon nitride ceramics having a coefficient of friction of 0.2 or less under non-lubricating conditions of 0.2 or less are disclosed. However, the combination of nitride Kei iodine and ⁇ the specific wear rate remains are still challenges for 1 0 one 7 mm 2 / N and low wear amount. Disclosure of the invention
- the present invention provides a silicon nitride based sinter having excellent visual characteristics in the range from room temperature to medium depression, low friction coefficient and excellent wear resistance. How, that! The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a composite powder and a composite powder suitable for the method. 1 Silicon nitride composite powder containing boron
- the primary particles having an average vertical diameter of 20 nm or less, primary particles of silicon nitride, titanium nitride, titanium boride and boron nitride, and the surface of the primary particles are provided.
- this method is not satisfactory as a method for producing N-formylaspartic acid because it requires a large number of reaction steps in addition to using a large amount of acetic anhydride and formic acid.
- Example 1 of the above-mentioned U.S. Pat. No. 4,789,757 N-formyl-L-aspartic acid was obtained by heating and stirring at 95 to 100 ° C. for 2 hours in the presence of L-aspartic acid and 5 times the formamide. Is quantitatively generated.
- Example 1 As a result of additional examination of Example 1 by the present inventors, the yield of N-formyl-L-aspartic acid produced was about 40% based on the starting material L-aspartic acid. Thus, it cannot be said that a sufficiently satisfactory method has been established as an industrial method for producing N-formylaspartic acid.
- F-Asp N-formyl-L-aspartic acid
- F-APM luranine methyl ester
- L-PM L-phenylalanine methyl ester
- F—Asp in an organic solvent have been proposed (see, for example, US Pat. No. 3,786,039).
- JP-A-60-164495 discloses a method in which F-A is used in an aqueous solution in the presence of thermolysin as an enzyme.
- Example 3 F-Asp and L-PM were reacted at a molar ratio of 1: 2, but the condensation yield was as low as 41% based on F-Asp.
- Example 2 F—Asp and L-PM were reacted at a molar ratio of 5: 1, and the condensation yield was 90% with respect to L—PM. As low as 9%, it is hardly an industrially advantageous method.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H10-174597 discloses that, when synthesizing F-APM by a condensation reaction with an enzyme, a water-immiscible organic solvent in which F-Asp and L-PM are dissolved is added to an enzyme aqueous solution.
- a method is disclosed in which the F-APM is continuously supplied, and the generated F-APM is extracted into an organic layer and continuously extracted.
- N-formyl neutral amino acids are important as synthetic intermediates for various peptide compounds as described above.
- N-formylleucine in which the amino acid of the neutral amino acid leucine is formylated is Roche (Roche).
- As a method for synthesizing N-formyl amino acid there is known a method of formylating an amino acid using formic acid and acetic anhydride (see Journal Luv American Chemical Society, 1958, No. 80, p. 1154).
- this method is satisfactory as an industrial method for producing N-formylamino acid because a large amount of formic acid and acetic anhydride is used, for example, the former is 56 times the molar amount of amino acids and the latter is 7 times the molar amount.
- a method for synthesizing N-formyl amino acid using formamide has been proposed (see US Pat. No. 4,789,757).
- N-formyl amino acid is quantitatively produced by heating and stirring at 95 to 100 ° C for 2 hours.
- the yield of N-formyl amino acid was only about 40%. Therefore, even this method cannot be said to be satisfactory as an industrial method for producing N-formyl amino acid.
- N-formyl-l-aspartyl-l-L-phenylalanine methyl ester which is a precursor of N-formylaspartic acid and aspartame, and N-formyl neutral amino acid are efficiently used. There is a need for a good and industrially simple production method.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is as an intermediate for synthesis of sweetener aspartame, an important N-formylaspartic acid (or a salt thereof), and a precursor of sweetener aspartame starting from this.
- N-formyl-a-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester and N-formyl neutral amino acid (or salt thereof) which is important as an efficient method for producing aspartame, and also as an intermediate for synthesizing peptide compounds
- the aim is to develop an efficient and simple method for producing. Disclosure of the invention
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned many problems, and as a result, have obtained many new findings as described below. This led to the completion of the present invention.
- N_formylaspartic acid By reacting aspartic acid with formamide and Z or methyl formate in the presence of a base, N_formylaspartic acid (or a salt thereof) can be produced in high yield. By reacting a salt of aspartic acid with formamide and / or methyl formate, N-formylaspartic acid (or a salt thereof) can be produced in high yield.
- F-Asp and / or a salt thereof and L- and / or DL-phenylalanine methyl ester (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “L / DL-PM”) are subjected to an enzymatic condensation reaction.
- L / DL-PM L- and / or DL-phenylalanine methyl ester
- the F-APM can be obtained by suspending in an aqueous solution having a pH value of and then separating the solid.
- N-formyl neutral amino acid By reacting a neutral amino acid with formamide and Z or methyl formate in the presence of a base, N-formyl neutral amino acid (or a salt thereof) can be produced in high yield. By reacting a salt of a neutral amino acid with formamide and / or methyl formate, N-formyl neutral amino acid (or a salt thereof) can be produced in high yield.
- a method for producing N-formylaspartic acid or a salt thereof characterized by reacting aspartic acid with formamide and Z or methyl formate in the presence of a base;
- N-formylaspartic acid or a salt thereof characterized by a method for producing N-formylaspartic acid or a salt thereof characterized by reacting a salt of aspartic acid with formamide and Z or methyl formate Method.
- the concentration of N-formyl-L-aspartic acid in the aqueous solution is 1 Characterized by being 2mo 1 / L or more
- N-formyl-l-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester is phenylalanine It may be in the form of an adduct with methyl ester.
- a method for producing a neutral amino acid or a salt thereof which is characterized by reacting a neutral amino acid with formamide and / or methyl formate in the presence of a base;
- the invention comprises reacting aspartic acid with formamide and 7 or methyl formate in the presence of a base, as described above; or
- a method for producing 1-formylaspartic acid or a salt thereof by reacting a salt of aspartic acid with formamide and methyl or methyl formate is provided.
- the type of base used is not particularly limited, and examples of the base include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, ammonia, and the like.
- the base can be used in an amount of about 0.15-2.5 equivalents per equivalent of aspartic acid.
- optically active form of aspartic acid there is no particular limitation on the optically active form of aspartic acid, and any of L-form, D-form, and DL-form can be used.
- L-aspartic acid is preferably used for the aspartame precursor.
- reaction solvent it is preferable to use a reaction solvent, and in that case, water, a polar solvent, or a mixed solvent of water and a polar solvent can be used.
- N-formylaspartic acid can be produced and obtained in the form of a free form or a salt.
- the free form can be easily produced and obtained by subjecting the resulting salt of N-formylsparsic acid to a usual desalting step, and all of them are included in the present invention. It is.
- N-formyl-L-aspartic acid and / or a salt thereof
- the N-formyl-L-aspartic acid (and / or Z or a salt thereof) and fuiriraradin methyl ester L-form, DL-form, etc.
- Such N-formyl aspartame (aspartame precursor) and a method for producing aspartame are also included in the present invention.
- the present invention relates to an N-formyl-L-aspartic acid in an aqueous solution in an enzymatic condensation reaction between N-formyl-L-aspartic acid and / or a salt thereof and L- and / or DL-phenylalanine methyl ester.
- the enzyme reaction is carried out at a concentration of 1.2 mol / L or more, preferably 2.7 to 27 mol / L, more preferably 3.5 to 17 mol / L, and N-formyl-l-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl Manufacturing esters
- N-formyl- ⁇ -L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester may be in the form of an adduct with phenylalanine methyl ester.
- the molar ratio of N-formyl-L-aspartic acid and / or its salt to L- and / or DL-phenylalanine methyl ester is calculated as follows: N-formyl-L-aspartic acid 1
- the latter is preferably adjusted so as to be about 0.5 to 3, more preferably about 1.7 to 2.3.
- the enzyme to be used is not particularly limited as long as it is an enzyme that carries out an enzymatic condensation reaction between N-formyl-L-aspartic acid and L- and / or DL-phenylalanine methyl ester. Proteases are preferred. used.
- N-formyl-L-aspartic acid and Z or a salt thereof used herein those produced by the formylation method 1 of the present invention can be preferably used. Therefore, it is preferable to carry out the present invention following the formylation method 1 of the present invention.
- trialkyl phosphate a liquid trialkyl phosphate immiscible with water is used.
- the trialkyl phosphate in which three alkyl groups are each independently an alkyl group having 4 to 6 carbon atoms. Acid esters are used. In particular, tri-n-butyl phosphate is preferred.
- the amount of the trialkyl phosphate used is preferably about 2 to 30 weight ratio, more preferably about 5 to 20 weight ratio with respect to 1 aqueous solvent.
- the present invention relates to an aqueous solution of N-formyl-Q! -L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester having a pH of 1.0 to 4.5, preferably about 2 to 3; And separating the solid to produce N-formyl-1-L-aspartyl-1-L-phenylalanine methyl ester.
- a method for producing the F-APM of the present invention an adduct obtained by a condensation reaction can be used. Therefore, it is preferable to carry out the method for producing F-APM of the present invention; the method for producing F-APM of the present invention;
- the present invention comprises reacting a neutral amino acid with formamide and / or methyl formate in the presence of a base;
- the present invention relates to a method for producing an N-formyl neutral amino acid or a salt thereof by reacting a salt of a neutral amino acid with formamide and Z or methyl formate.
- the base used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, ammonia, and the like. One or more of these are selected and used. be able to.
- the base in the reaction, can be used in an amount of about 0.1 to 10 moles relative to the neutral amino acid.
- the salt of the neutral amino acid used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include sodium salt, potassium salt, and ammonium salt. One or more of these salts can be selected and used. .
- neutral amino acid there is no particular limitation on the type of neutral amino acid used, and examples of neutral amino acids include leucine, isoleucine and valine. Any one or more of these can be used as the starting material of the present invention.
- formamide and / or methyl formate can be used in an amount of about 0.5 to 6 moles with respect to the neutral amino acid.
- N-formyl neutral amino acids can be produced and obtained in free form or salt form.
- the free form can be easily produced and obtained by subjecting the salt of the produced N-formyl neutral amino acid to a usual desalting step.
- optically active neutral amino acid used as the starting material. Any of L-body, D-body and D L-body can be used.
- the present invention provides a method for producing N-formylaspartic acid or a salt thereof by reacting aspartic acid with formamide and / or methyl formate in the presence of a base;
- optical isomerism of aspartic acid used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and any of D L-aspartic acid, L-aspartic acid and D-aspartic acid may be used.
- racemization hardly occurs under ordinary reaction conditions, and N-formylaspartic acid or a salt thereof can be obtained as an optically active substance by using optically active aspartic acid.
- the reaction in the present invention is preferably performed in a solvent, but can be performed without using a solvent.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it is inert to the reaction, but water, a polar solvent, or a mixed solvent of water and a polar solvent is preferably used.
- polar solvent a polar solvent that is miscible with water is preferable, and examples thereof include methanol, ethanol, and dimethyl sulfoxide.
- polar solvents may be used as a mixture.
- the type of base to be used is not particularly limited, but preferred examples include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, and ammonia. Particularly, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and ammonia are preferred. One or more of these bases may be used as a mixture.
- the amount of the solvent used is not particularly limited as long as the raw material aspartic acid or its salt or base can be dissolved to such an extent that the effects of the present invention are not hindered. Those skilled in the art can easily set preferable conditions as appropriate.
- the amount of formamide or methyl formate used is not particularly limited, but is usually about 0.5 to 6 moles, preferably about 1.5 to 3 moles per mole of aspartic acid or a salt thereof. be able to.
- it can be used usually in a molar amount of about 2 to 10 times, preferably about 3 to 5 times.
- Methyl formate and formamide can be used in combination. In that case, the total amount of formamide and methyl formate can be used within the above range.
- the amount of the base is usually about 2 to 10 equivalents, preferably about 0.3 to 5 equivalents, per equivalent of aspartic acid used.
- “equivalent” means the equivalent of the acid-base. For example, when 1 equivalent of sodium hydroxide is added to 1 equivalent of aspartic acid, if 1 mol of aspartic acid is present, 2 mol of sodium hydroxide will be added.
- the reaction rate tends to decrease, which is not preferable. If the amount of the salt group is too large, a side reaction tends to proceed, which is not preferable.
- the reaction temperature is not particularly limited, but is usually in the range of 30 to 130 ° C, preferably in the range of 40 to 100 ° C. If the temperature is too high, side reactions such as racemization tend to proceed, and if the temperature is too low, the reaction rate tends to be slow, which is not preferable.
- the reaction is preferably carried out with stirring.
- the base and aspartic acid undergo a neutralization reaction to form the corresponding salt of aspartic acid. Therefore, in the present invention, the reaction can be performed without adding a base by using a salt of aspartic acid instead of aspartic acid. In this case, other reaction conditions may be the same as those described above.
- the optical isomerism of the salt of aspartic acid is not particularly limited in the same manner as described above, and D L-aspartate, L
- Either -aspartate or D-aspartate may be used.
- the N-formyl aspartic acid obtained according to the present invention exists in the form of the corresponding salt in the solution at the end of the reaction.
- the target substance to be produced by performing the necessary operations such as neutralization, extraction, and crystallization of the reaction solution in accordance with a conventional method, and using the necessary desalting and salt-forming processes, is N-formyl. It can be isolated and purified in the form of aspartic acid (free form) or in the form of its salt.
- N-formyl-L-aspartic acid prepared and produced as described above can be prepared by a known method, for example, as described in Example 1 of Japanese Patent Publication No. 60-164495, L-phenylalanine methyl ester.
- N-formyl-a-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester which is an important intermediate (precursor) of aspartame, can be prepared.
- L-phenylalanine methyl ester By enzymatically condensing with L-phenylalanine methyl ester according to the method of producing A ⁇ M, the above-mentioned N-formyl-l-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester can be obtained more efficiently. .
- N-formyl- ⁇ -L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester thus obtained can be prepared by a known method, for example, as described in Example 10 of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 58-1855545.
- a formyl group can be hydrolyzed using a mixed solvent of methanol and water in the presence of hydrochloric acid, and then converted to aspartame by neutralization with sodium carbonate.
- the reaction may be performed while the reaction solution is stirred relatively strongly.
- the stirring can be performed by a stirring device such as a kneader or a homogenizer.
- the present invention relates to ⁇ ⁇ -formyl-L-aspartic acid and / or a salt thereof (F-Asp), and L- and / or DL-phenylalanine methyl ester and / or a salt thereof (shi / DL-PM).
- F-Asp N-formyl- ⁇ -L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester
- ⁇ -formyl-a-L-L-aspartic acid and / or a salt thereof F-Asp
- L- and / or DL-phenylalanine methyl ester and / or a salt thereof shi / DL-PM.
- Aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester is an adduct with L- and / or D-phenylalanine methyl ester [hereinafter may be abbreviated as “F-APM ⁇ LXD-PMJ”. It may be in the form).
- N-formyl-L-aspartic acid may be used in a free form or in the form of a salt such as a sodium salt.
- L- and Z- or D-L-phenylalanine methyl ester may be used in a free form or in the form of a salt such as hydrochloride.
- the concentration of F-Asp in the aqueous solution is preferably in the range of 2.7 to 27 mol / L, and more preferably in the range of 3.5 to 17 mol / L.
- concentration of F-Asp in the aqueous solution is 1.2 mol / L or more, preferably 2.7 to 27 mol / L, more preferably 3.5 to 17 mol / L.
- the enzymatic condensation reaction has a high conversion rate.
- the yield of F-APM relative to F-Asp can be increased to 50% or more, preferably 60% or more.
- the solvent for the enzyme condensation reaction water is usually used alone.
- the ⁇ aqueous solution '' in the present invention includes not only the case where the solvent in the enzymatic condensation reaction is only water, but also the case where it is a mixed solvent of water and an organic solvent which is miscible with water such as methanol and ethanol. .
- the ratio of F-Asp to L / DL-PM in the aqueous solution in the enzymatic condensation reaction is usually set in a molar ratio of 1: 0.5 to 1: 3.
- the reaction product N-formyl- ⁇ -L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester is reacted with L- and / or D-phenylalanine methyl at the same time as the enzymatic condensation reaction proceeds. It precipitates in the form of a 1: 1 adduct with the ester.
- the enzymatic condensation reaction may be performed with the above ratio being about 1: 2 in molar ratio.
- the concentration of F-Asp in the aqueous solution at the start of the reaction and the ratio of F-Asp to L / DL-PM may be set within the above ranges.
- the concentration of F-Asp and the ratio of F-Asp to L / DL-PM in the reaction tank during the reaction may be set in the above ranges.
- Neutral protease is preferably used as the enzyme.
- thermolysin-like metal plate such as "Daiwa Kasei” or “Samois C160” (Daiwa Kasei) can be used.
- the optimum pH value of such a Samoa enzyme is 6 to 8 in a usual enzyme condensation reaction, but the pH value in the enzyme condensation reaction of the present invention is usually in the range of 5 to 6, more preferably 5 to 6. Set in the range of 2 to 5.8. If the enzymatic condensation reaction is carried out at a pH value outside this range, the conversion is undesirably reduced.
- the pH may be adjusted using a base such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or sodium hydrogen carbonate or an acid such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid. '
- the amount of the enzyme to be used can be generally in the range of 0.025 to 4, preferably 0.05 to 2, in terms of weight ratio, where F-Asp is 1. It is known that these enzymes usually have an advantageous effect on the stabilization and action of the enzyme due to the presence of a small amount of calcium ion (II), and the presence of calcium ion (II) in the enzyme condensation reaction in the present invention is also known.
- a reagent for causing calcium ion (II) to be present in the reaction solution in an aqueous solution
- calcium salts such as calcium carbonate, calcium chloride and calcium acetate
- the amount of calcium ion (II) to be present in the aqueous solution is usually set in the range of 0.15 to 0.5 by weight relative to the enzyme group used.
- the condensation reaction by the enzyme can be usually set in the range of 10 to 60 ° C, and preferably in the range of 30 to 50 ° C. Although the reaction time is not particularly limited, it can be generally about 30 minutes to 24 hours.
- the reaction solution loses fluidity and becomes solidified in the reaction vessel due to the formation of an adduct with phenylalanine methyl ester.
- the reaction solution can be brought into a slurry state by performing the enzymatic condensation reaction in the presence of a specific trialkyl phosphate ester that is immiscible with water.
- trialkyl phosphate used in the present invention a water-immiscible liquid alkyl phosphate is used.
- those in which the three alkyl groups constituting the trialkyl phosphate are each independently an alkyl group having 4 to 6 carbon atoms are used.
- Particularly preferred is readily available tri-n-butyl phosphate.
- Trialkyl phosphates, such as trimethyl phosphate and triethyl phosphate, which are miscible with water are not preferred because they tend to deactivate the enzyme.
- the amount of the trialkyl phosphate used is preferably 2 to 30 by weight, more preferably 5 to 20 in terms of weight ratio to water 1 used as a solvent for the enzyme condensation reaction.
- the weight ratio may be set to the above value with the amount of water in the mixed solvent being 1.
- the ratio of the above trialkyl phosphate ester is the water at the start of the reaction.
- the amount of water in the reaction vessel during the reaction may be set to 1.
- L- and Z- or DL-phenylalanine methyl ester moves to the trialkyl phosphate ester phase, so it should be used in advance from the viewpoint of increasing the yield of the enzymatic condensation reaction. It is preferable to dissolve L- and / or DL-phenylalanine methyl ester (free form) in the trialkyl phosphate, and it is more preferable to dissolve it in a saturated state.
- the amount of LZDL-PM transferred from the trialkylphosphate group to the trialkylphosphate phase from the trialkylphosphate group present in the reaction system is predicted, and an extra amount of LZDL-PM is added to the aqueous solution in advance.
- L / DL-PM tends to be hydrolyzed in an aqueous solution, and when using L- and / or DL-phenylalanine methyl ester salts, Inorganic salt
- Trialkyl phosphate in which L- and / or DL-phenylalanine methyl ester (free form) has been dissolved or saturated can be extracted, for example, by dissolving L / DL-PM in water and adding trialkyl phosphate to water. It can be obtained by separating the organic layer. At this time, the extraction is preferably performed at the temperature of the enzymatic condensation reaction actually performed. In the case of such an extraction operation, for example, the trialkyl phosphate ester may contain a certain amount of water.
- the water contained in the trialkyl phosphate ester is contained in the aqueous solution. Not included in the amount of water.
- the amount of water contained in the trialkyl phosphate can be measured, for example, by the Karl Fischer method. At the actual reaction temperature, when the L and / or DL-phenylalanine methyl ester and water are saturated in the trialkyl phosphate ester by the above-mentioned extraction operation, the water (and L and / or DL It is also possible to measure the amount of phenylalanine methyl ester) and add an excess of water to the aqueous solution in advance in an amount sufficient to saturate the actually used trialkyl phosphate.
- F-APM is usually obtained in the form of a 1: 1 adduct of L- / D-PM. Method) to obtain the free form of F-APM. Further, the free form can be made into an arbitrary salt.
- the present invention relates to an L- and / or D-phenylalanine methyl ester adduct of N-formyl-Q! -L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester, for example, a 1: 1 adduct thereof having a pH value of 1. 0-4.5, preferably 2-3, in a method for producing N-formyl-l-l-aspartel-l-phenylualanine methyl ester, characterized in that it is suspended in an aqueous solution and separated into solids.
- the adduct (that is, F-APM ⁇ L / D-PM) used in the present invention is obtained in the presence of the adduct obtained by the above-described condensation reaction in the present invention, preferably in the presence of the aforementioned trialkyl phosphate.
- the condensation reaction performed e.g., F-APM ⁇ L / D-PM
- the adduct obtained as crystals can be suitably used.
- L- and / or D-phenylalanine methyl ester adducts of N-formyl-a-L-aspartyl L-phenylalanine methyl ester as obtained by the enzymatic condensation reaction of the present invention (usually, 1) is suspended in an aqueous solution having a pH value as described above, so that L- and / or D-phenylalanine methyl ester is dissolved in the aqueous solution, and N-formyl- ⁇ - L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester can be selectively separated as a solid.
- the ⁇ of the aqueous solution may be adjusted to the above value before suspending the adduct, or the ⁇ may be adjusted after suspending.
- aqueous solution As the solvent for the aqueous solution, water is usually used alone. Organic solvents that are well miscible with water, such as methanol and ethanol, can be mixed with water, but this is not usually necessary.
- aqueous solution used herein includes the case where the solvent is water only; not only the case where the solvent is water, but also the case where the solvent is a mixed solvent of water and an organic solvent which is well miscible with water such as methanol and ethanol.
- the amount of the aqueous solution is not particularly limited as long as the above-mentioned object is achieved, and those skilled in the art can appropriately set preferable conditions.
- the addition can be performed in a weight ratio of 7 to 10 with respect to 1 of the adduct.
- the temperature is not particularly limited, and may be usually at room temperature. This operation may be repeated if necessary to further increase the purity.
- the thus-obtained 1-formyl-1-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester is obtained by a method known to those skilled in the art, for example, a method of removing formyl groups using a mixed solvent of methanol and methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (See, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 58-185455, Example 10), it is possible to obtain Q! -L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester (aspartame).
- the present invention provides a method for producing a N-formyl neutral amino acid or a salt thereof, which comprises reacting a neutral amino acid with formamide and / or methyl formate in the presence of a base;
- Neutral amino acids or salts of neutral amino acids are used as starting materials in the present invention.
- Specific forms of the reaction include neutral amino acids (free form), salts of neutral amino acids, and salts of these free forms and salts.
- the mixture can be used as starting material.
- the neutral amino acid may be one kind of amino acid or a mixture of plural kinds of amino acids
- the salt may be a single kind of salt or a plural kinds of mixed salts.
- the optical isomerism of the neutral amino acid used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and any of L-form, D-form and DL-form may be used.
- racemization in the N-formylation reaction is unlikely to occur, and by using an optically active neutral amino acid (or a salt thereof) as a starting material, N-formyl neutral amino acid or a salt thereof can be obtained after the reaction. Can be obtained as an optically active substance.
- N-formylation reaction in the present invention, a conventional method known per se as a method for N-formylation of an amino group or a method to be developed in the future can be used except for the characteristic part of the present invention.
- the formylation reaction in the present invention can be carried out without using a solvent.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it is inert to the reaction, but water, a polar solvent, or a mixed solvent of water and a polar solvent is preferably used.
- polar solvent those which are miscible with water are preferable, and examples thereof include alcohols such as methanol and ethanol, and dimethyl sulfoxide. Of course, one or more of these polar solvents may be mixed.
- hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide
- carbonates such as sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate
- ammonia and triethylamine
- the amount of the solvent to be used is not particularly limited as long as the neutral amino acid (or salt thereof) and the base of the starting material can be dissolved to such an extent that the effects of the present invention are not hindered. Those skilled in the art can easily select and set preferable conditions as appropriate.
- the amount of formamide or methyl formate to be used is not particularly limited, but is based on the neutral amino acid or its salt used as a starting material, or on this mixture when used in the form of a mixture of a free form and a salt. Preferably, it is about 0.5 to 6 moles, more preferably about 1.5 to 3 moles.
- it can be preferably used in a molar amount of about 2 to 10 times, more preferably about 3 to 5 times.
- a mixture of formamide and methyl formate can also be used as the formylidani, but in this case, the mixture is preferably about 0.5 to 6 moles, more preferably about 1.5 moles, of the starting material.
- the reaction is carried out without using a solvent, it is preferably used in an amount of about 2 to 10 times, more preferably about 3 to 5 times. it can.
- the amount of the base used is preferably about 0.1 to 10 moles, more preferably about 0.2 to 5 moles, and even more preferably about 0.1 to 10 moles of the base relative to the neutral amino acid of the starting material. It can be used in an amount of about 2 to 2.5 moles.
- the reaction rate tends to decrease, which is not preferable.
- the amount of the base is too large, the side reaction tends to proceed, which is not preferable.
- the reaction temperature used in the present invention is not particularly limited. However, if it is too high, there is a problem of side reactions such as racemization, and if it is too low, the reaction tends to be slow.
- the temperature can be selected from the range of about C, more preferably about 40 to 100 ° C.
- a neutral amino acid (free form) can be used as a starting material, but a salt of a neutral amino acid can also be used.
- the mixture can also be used as a specific form of the reaction. Even when a salt of a neutral amino acid is used as a starting material, the reaction conditions and the like are the same as described above, and can be easily implemented from the above description.
- a neutral amino acid is used in the reaction.
- Salts of neutral amino acids include sodium salt, potassium salt, ammonium salt and the like.
- the N-formyl neutral amino acid obtained by the present invention usually exists in the form of the corresponding salt at the end of the reaction.
- the desired substance to be produced can be obtained by subjecting the reaction solution to N-formylation by arbitrarily performing operations such as neutralization, extraction, and crystallization according to a standard method, and utilizing the necessary desalting and salt-forming processes. It can be obtained in the form of a neutral amino acid (free form) or a salt thereof.
- Example 1 of US4789757 1.0 g (7.7 mmo 1) of L-aspartic acid and 1.8 g (38.4 mmo 1) of formamide were added to a reaction vessel and reacted at 95 ° C. for 2 hours. . Analysis of the product by high-performance liquid chromatography revealed that 0.49 g (39.8%: L-aspartic acid) of N-formylaspartic acid was produced.
- a bench kneader manufactured by Illier Shokai was used as a stirring device.
- Example 1 According to Example 1 described in U.S. Pat.No.4,789,757, after adding 1.O lg (7.7 mmol) of L-aspartic acid and 1.55 ml (38.4 mmo 1) of formamide to the reaction vessel, The reaction was performed at 95 ° C for 2 hours. Analysis of the product by high performance liquid chromatography revealed that N-formyl-L-aspartic acid was produced in an amount of 0.49 g (39.8%: L-aspartic acid).
- the conversion rate of the enzymatic condensation reaction was measured by a so-called high-performance night-time chromatography (HPLC) using a 210 nm ultraviolet spectrophotometer on a column packed with silica gel bonded with octadecyl decyl group.
- HPLC high-performance night-time chromatography
- the water was distilled off under reduced pressure to adjust the water content of the mixed aqueous solution to 17.5 wt% (N-formyl-L-aspartic acid concentration: 7.2 mol / L).
- the solution was mixed with 0.3 Og of crude thermolysin (Powder manufactured by Daiwa Kasei Co., Ltd .: trade name “Samoase PS 160”, containing about 40% protease protein and about 60% sodium sulfate). After reaction at 40 ° C for 20 hours, the reaction solution became solid. When the solid was dissolved in water and analyzed by HP LC, the final conversion to F-APM was N'-holmi.
- Example 18 The same operation as in Example 18 was performed except that the water content in the mixed aqueous solution after distilling off the water in Example 18 was set to 3 Owt% (N-formylyl L-aspartic acid concentration: 3.6 mol / L). The final conversion to F-APM was determined to reach 62.9% based on F-Asp.
- Example 18 The same “Samoase PS 160” used in Example 18 was added and the mixture was stirred so that the reaction solution became uniform. After reaction at 40 ° C for 20 hours, the reaction solution became solid. The solid was dissolved in water and analyzed by HP LC, which confirmed that the yield of L-PM adduct reached 41.7% based on N-formyl-L-aspartic acid, It shows that the conversion rate to F-APM is 83.4%.
- Example 20 The same condensation reaction as in Example 20 was performed, except that the amount of L-phenylalanine methyl ester hydrochloride in Example 20 was changed to 0.54 g (2.5 mmo 1). Analysis by HPLC confirmed that the yield of L-PM adduct reached 34.8% based on N-formyl-L-aspartic acid, indicating the conversion to F-APM. The rate is 69.6%.
- thermolysin was mixed with the same “Samoase PS 160” used in Example 18. After reaction at 40 ° C for 18 hours, the reaction solution became solid. When the solid was dissolved in water and analyzed by HPLC, the final conversion to F-APM was 43.0% based on F-Asp.
- L-Fenylalanine methyl ester hydrochloride (8.61 g: 4 Omrno 1) is dissolved in 20.O g of water, and tri-n-butyl phosphate (hereinafter abbreviated as “TBP”). 20. Og was added, the mixture was stirred vigorously, and the pH value was adjusted to 7.0 with a 15 wt% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. This was further vigorously stirred at 40 ° C. for 30 minutes, and after extraction, an aqueous layer and an organic layer were separated. This organic layer was used as an L-PM / TBP solution (PM: 1.05 mmo 1 / g; 7 wt) in the following reaction.
- TBP tri-n-butyl phosphate
- the water was distilled off under reduced pressure to adjust the water content of the mixed aqueous solution to 23.3% (N-formyl-L-aspartic acid concentration 5.05 mol / L), and 12 g of PM / TBP solution (8.9 g of TBP) and crude thermolysin (powder manufactured by Daiwa Kasei Co., Ltd .: trade name "Samois Ise PS 160", containing about 40% protease protein and about 60% sodium sulfate). 3 g was added, and the mixture was stirred so that the reaction solution became uniform. After stirring at 40 ° C. for 20 hours, the obtained slurry was separated by filtration to obtain crystals of an L_PM adduct of F_APM. Analysis of the crystals and the mother liquor by HP LC revealed that the final conversion to F-APM was 77.3% based on F-Asp (73.3% in the crystals, 4.0% in the mother liquor). ) Was reached.
- Example 18 The same reaction as in Example 18 was performed, and 1 Oml of water was added to the obtained reaction solution to disperse the precipitated solid. After stirring for 1 hour under ice-cooling, solid-liquid separation was performed. Further, the wet crystals were washed with 2 ml of water. When 2.73 g of the obtained wet crystals were analyzed by HPLC, the F—APM was 42.4 wt% (3.59 mmo 1) and the L-PM was 25.1 wt% (3.8 2 mmo 1). Further, 13.4 g of the mother liquor to which the crystal washing solution was added contained 1. Owt% (0.42 mmo 1) of F-APM. That is, the total reaction yield is 80%, and the yield after separation is 72%.
- the wet crystals obtained here were suspended in 1 Om 1 of water, and the pH value was adjusted to 1.7 with 1 N hydrochloric acid. After stirring for 1 hour under ice cooling, the suspension was separated to obtain 1.86 g of wet crystals.
- This wet crystal contained F-APM S54.0 wt% (3.1 lmmo 1) and L-PM 2.9 wt% (0.3 mmo 1). That is, the yield of F-APM was 86.8%, and it was confirmed that 91.4% of L-PM was selected in the mother liquor.
- Example 22 The same operation as in Example 22 was carried out to obtain 4.98 g of wet crystals of an L-PM adduct of F-APM (F-APM: 3.64 mmo 1), L-PM: 4.62 mmo 1. Reaction yield: 77.4%, yield of F-APM in the crystal 72.8%).
- the obtained wet crystals were suspended in 10 ml of water and then cooled on ice. This was adjusted to pH 1.8 with 1 N hydrochloric acid. After stirring for 1 hour under ice cooling, the suspension was filtered to obtain 1.9 g of wet crystals. this
- F-APM which is an aspartame precursor
- Aspartame can be produced in high yield from the F-APM thus produced by subjecting it to a formylation process according to the conventional method.
- N-formylation of a neutral amino acid can be achieved with extremely high yield.
- N-formyl amino acids particularly N-formyl aspartic acid (or a salt thereof), and N-formyl neutral amino acids (such as leucine), which are important as various synthetic intermediates, particularly peptide synthetic intermediates, etc. Or its salt) can be produced efficiently and industrially conveniently.
- N-formyl-hy-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester a precursor of the sweetener aspartame, from N-formyl-l-aspartate and efficiently and industrially the aspartame.
- the present invention is extremely useful industrially, particularly in the food and pharmaceutical fields.
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002444579A CA2444579A1 (en) | 2001-04-20 | 2002-04-16 | Process for producing n-formylamino acid and utilization thereof |
| EP02717163A EP1380570A4 (en) | 2001-04-20 | 2002-04-16 | PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF N-FORMYLAMINO ACID AND USE THEREOF |
| JP2002583368A JPWO2002085840A1 (ja) | 2001-04-20 | 2002-04-16 | N−ホルミルアミノ酸の製造方法及びその使用 |
| AU2002248033A AU2002248033A1 (en) | 2001-04-20 | 2002-04-16 | Process for producing n-formylamino acid and utilization thereof |
| US10/687,709 US20040137559A1 (en) | 2001-04-20 | 2003-10-20 | Process for producing N-formylamino acid and use thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001-122346 | 2001-04-20 | ||
| JP2001122346 | 2001-04-20 | ||
| JP2001122345 | 2001-04-20 | ||
| JP2001-122345 | 2001-04-20 | ||
| JP2001187540 | 2001-06-21 | ||
| JP2001-187540 | 2001-06-21 |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/687,709 Continuation US20040137559A1 (en) | 2001-04-20 | 2003-10-20 | Process for producing N-formylamino acid and use thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2002085840A1 true WO2002085840A1 (en) | 2002-10-31 |
| WO2002085840A9 WO2002085840A9 (en) | 2003-03-06 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2002/003754 Ceased WO2002085840A1 (en) | 2001-04-20 | 2002-04-16 | Process for producing n-formylamino acid and utilization thereof |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20040137559A1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1380570A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JPWO2002085840A1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN1503780A (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU2002248033A1 (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2444579A1 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2002085840A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010051314A (ja) * | 2008-08-27 | 2010-03-11 | F Hoffmann La Roche Ag | 水溶液中のサーモリシンの安定化 |
| JP2021024830A (ja) * | 2019-08-07 | 2021-02-22 | 東ソー・ファインケム株式会社 | カルボン酸無水物またはスルホン酸無水物の製造方法 |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101284798B (zh) * | 2008-05-29 | 2011-03-23 | 重庆南松医药科技股份有限公司 | N-乙酰甘氨酸的环保合成方法 |
| CN103408448B (zh) * | 2013-08-21 | 2015-12-23 | 南京华狮化工有限公司 | 一种n-酰基氨基酸或其盐的精制纯化方法 |
| CN105348133A (zh) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-02-24 | 上海利盛生化有限公司 | 合成n-脂肪酰基氨基酸的方法 |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4801742A (en) * | 1987-07-17 | 1989-01-31 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | N-formylation of amino carboxylates with alkyl formates |
| WO1998016546A1 (en) * | 1996-10-15 | 1998-04-23 | Holland Sweetener Company V.O.F. | ENZYMATIC METHOD FOR PRODUCING N-FORMYL-α-L-ASPARTYL-L-PHENYLALANINE METHYL ESTER |
| JP2000078997A (ja) * | 1998-09-04 | 2000-03-21 | Dainichiseika Color & Chem Mfg Co Ltd | アスパルチルフェニルアラニン低級アルキルエステルの製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS60164495A (ja) * | 1984-01-16 | 1985-08-27 | モンサント コンパニー | N‐ホルミルアミノ酸とペプチド残基の酵素的結合法 |
| US4789757A (en) * | 1987-07-17 | 1988-12-06 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | N-formylation of amino carboxylic compounds with formamide |
| JPH10174597A (ja) * | 1996-10-15 | 1998-06-30 | Tosoh Corp | N−ホルミル−α−L−アスパルチル−L−フェニルアラニンメチルエステルの酵素合成法 |
-
2002
- 2002-04-16 JP JP2002583368A patent/JPWO2002085840A1/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-04-16 CA CA002444579A patent/CA2444579A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-04-16 AU AU2002248033A patent/AU2002248033A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-04-16 CN CNA028085817A patent/CN1503780A/zh active Pending
- 2002-04-16 EP EP02717163A patent/EP1380570A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-04-16 WO PCT/JP2002/003754 patent/WO2002085840A1/ja not_active Ceased
-
2003
- 2003-10-20 US US10/687,709 patent/US20040137559A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4801742A (en) * | 1987-07-17 | 1989-01-31 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | N-formylation of amino carboxylates with alkyl formates |
| WO1998016546A1 (en) * | 1996-10-15 | 1998-04-23 | Holland Sweetener Company V.O.F. | ENZYMATIC METHOD FOR PRODUCING N-FORMYL-α-L-ASPARTYL-L-PHENYLALANINE METHYL ESTER |
| JP2000078997A (ja) * | 1998-09-04 | 2000-03-21 | Dainichiseika Color & Chem Mfg Co Ltd | アスパルチルフェニルアラニン低級アルキルエステルの製造方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See also references of EP1380570A4 * |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010051314A (ja) * | 2008-08-27 | 2010-03-11 | F Hoffmann La Roche Ag | 水溶液中のサーモリシンの安定化 |
| US9045743B2 (en) | 2008-08-27 | 2015-06-02 | Roche Diagnostic Operations, Inc. | Stabilization of thermolysin in aqueous solution |
| US9574186B2 (en) | 2008-08-27 | 2017-02-21 | Roche Diagnostics Operations, Inc. | Stabilization of thermolysin in aqueous solution |
| JP2021024830A (ja) * | 2019-08-07 | 2021-02-22 | 東ソー・ファインケム株式会社 | カルボン酸無水物またはスルホン酸無水物の製造方法 |
| JP7324082B2 (ja) | 2019-08-07 | 2023-08-09 | 東ソー・ファインケム株式会社 | カルボン酸無水物またはスルホン酸無水物の製造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2002085840A9 (en) | 2003-03-06 |
| AU2002248033A1 (en) | 2002-11-05 |
| EP1380570A4 (en) | 2006-09-27 |
| JPWO2002085840A1 (ja) | 2004-08-12 |
| EP1380570A1 (en) | 2004-01-14 |
| CN1503780A (zh) | 2004-06-09 |
| US20040137559A1 (en) | 2004-07-15 |
| CA2444579A1 (en) | 2002-10-31 |
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