WO2002082880A2 - Soil compacting device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to different embodiments of devices for compacting soil that are provided in the form of soil rollers. The rollers are comprised of wheel-shaped or disk-shaped devices that are arranged at a distance from one another on a common axle, and their peripheral surfaces can undergo, in a radial and/or axial direction, an elastically ductile, rolling deformation or can execute an elastically ductile, rolling movement thereby compacting the soil. The effective surfaces of the wheel-shaped or disk-shaped devices are, for example, joined to supporting elements, which are arranged or configured to permit them to deflect in an elastically ductile and essentially all-round manner in a radial and/or axial direction. Alternatively, they can also be disk-shaped elements, which are provided in the form of ring-shaped wobbling disks whose inside diameter is greater than the diameter of the axle and in which the angular deflection of the wobbling disks is limited by stops or by lateral supports.

Description

 Soil consolidation device

The invention relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 1.

Such devices are used in tillage and sowing devices, e.g. Known in the form of stamping tools to achieve an optimal seedbed, the sub-soil is solidified and sufficient fine earth is applied to cover the seed on the solidified soil. The stamping elements, which solidify the soil, take up larger chunks of soil, gluten, stones with earth and the like, particularly in the case of high soil moisture, which jam between the stamping elements and lead to blockages of the stamping elements. In order to reduce the risk of such blockages, it is already known to use comb elements between two adjacent stamp elements, which release clamped gluten, plant parts, stones or the like from the stamp wheels and clear the space between the stamp wheels.

Cleaning comb elements make it necessary, however, that the stamp elements causing the ground pressure have to be offset from one another in the axial direction at a greater distance than necessary, so that the function of the actual tillage is thereby reduced.

The object of the invention is therefore to design and arrange the tillage tool elements in such a way that they result in an optimal consolidation of the soil and are designed and arranged in such a way that they can be properly cleaned and removed from jammed gluten, plant parts or by appropriate internal movements and deflections as well as provisions Stones during operation. According to the invention, this is achieved with the features of the characterizing part of claim 1. Further embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

The supporting elements receiving the peripheral surface of the stamping elements or the like, e.g. Support arms or spokes are designed to be elastically resilient in such a way that they are designed to be resilient in the radial and axial directions, in the form of shock absorbers or articulated on the roller axis, so that the clamped chunks by spring action or relaxation of the springs when the spring forces are released be solved. On the other hand, the support arms or spokes can be designed to be resilient or resilient in the axial direction or the support arms or spokes can be designed to be articulated about their radial longitudinal axis, so that the clamped chunks are removed due to the flexible deformation of the machine parts and thus the resilient relative movement.

The resilient design and / or the elasticity of the support arms or spokes is achieved, for example, in that these elements themselves are designed as springs or shock absorbers, that they consist of resilient plastic, so that the radially outer parts can deflect in or against the circumferential direction , the spokes are articulated and deflectable on all sides about the longitudinal spoke axis and produce a detaching effect of the jammed object, e.g. a stone, an earth block or the like., or that the outer ends of the spokes at the junctures with the peripheral surface are necessary for loosening the chunks Cause resilience with a correspondingly high restoring force, and thus overall a deflecting and resilient attachment of the peripheral surface is ensured. According to a further embodiment of the invention, the peripheral surface or tread itself can be designed to be elastically resilient or with a resiliently deformable active surface, so that a walking effect is exerted by the tread on the floor and thus a reaction force is generated when the chunks are clamped, as a result of which the chunk is solved. The deformable tread can, for example, consist of flexible tread segments, or the segments can be connected to one another in an articulated manner, for example. The tread can have a profiled active surface that is exchangeable. The profile can be part-circular, triangular, U-shaped or in any other suitable form, the active surface profiles being interrupted or continuous in the circumferential direction.

The support elements, e.g. Spokes or support arms of the device according to the invention are arranged offset to one another in a special embodiment of the invention, i.e. spaced in the axial direction of the roller and offset at an angle to each other. The support elements, e.g. Spokes or support arms are attached to the roller axis in a resilient and deflecting manner on all sides, so that they can deflect relative to one another under pretension and can perform a restoring movement due to this pretension, whereby a reaction between the spokes or between adjacent wheels is released by this reaction movement.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the rods or support arms can be rigid and can be pivoted to a limited extent around a fastening point in the circumferential direction, the extent of the pivoting being effected by stops on both sides, for example by a rigid stop on one side and an elastic stop on the opposite side is set so that when a block is clamped between two adjacent bars by pivoting the rods can be loosened in opposite directions.

Another embodiment of the device according to the invention is designed in such a way that flexible disks made of rubber, plastic or similar deformable material arranged parallel to one another are fastened on an axis of the device, the disk area of which can be interrupted or continuous, so that the disk is in the form of a wheel can be executed. Treads are attached to the outer circumference of the disks, which serve to stabilize the floor and which e.g. can consist of iron. The washers made of rubber or plastic are designed in such a way that they can be deflected out of their plane when subjected to a corresponding load.

The support elements according to the invention, e.g. in the form of spoke wheels, intermediate elements, e.g. can be assigned as rods, strips or the like made of spring steel, optionally in front of or behind the axle, and between two support element units spaced apart in the axial direction, e.g. Wheels, are arranged. These intermediate elements act on the ground and support the prevention of clogging or jamming of the support element units by stones, gluten, boulders and the like.

According to a further aspect of the invention, it is proposed to improve the wobble rollers known per se, that is to say bottom rollers with wobble plates closely lined up on an axis. Such rollers are known as Cross-Kill and Cambridge rollers and consist of a plurality of ring disks lined up side by side on a common axis, the inner diameter of which is larger than the diameter of the axis, so that during operation the disks essentially move relative to the axis takes place in the radial direction. The present invention proposes to modify or design such rollers in such a way that each adjacent washers get a much greater distance than before and the washers can not only move in the radial direction according to the difference in the inner diameter of the washers to the diameter of the axis, but can also tilt in the direction of the axis. This axial movement is limited by annular disk-shaped stops rigidly fastened on the axis, which determine the wobble movement of the disks in the axial direction, the maximum angular deflection of two adjacent disks being determined by the distance between the two disks. In a modified embodiment of such a solution, instead of the stop disks on the axle, support elements are provided on the disk surfaces themselves, for example in the form of plates or brackets, so that the extent of the tilting of the disks on the axle is limited by these side supports. With these proposed solutions it is achieved that the circumferential surface or active surface of the disks arranged on the axle can perform a wobble movement on all sides, which optimal tillage and a prestressing provision are carried out on chunks, stones or the like clamped between two adjacent wheels in order to solve these obstacles can.

The invention is explained below in connection with the drawing using exemplary embodiments. It shows:

1 shows a schematic illustration of a device with stamp segments after the device, FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of a device with radial spring elements with uniform loading, FIG. 3 shows a schematic illustration corresponding to FIG. 2 with one-sided loading, FIG. 4 shows a schematic illustration with circumferential surface divided into segments with uniform loading, Fig. 5 is a nice illustration of a device according to Fig. 4 with one-sided

Load, Fig. 6 is a sectional view of a spoke assembly with tread profiles, Fig. 7 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the

Invention in the form of a rod cage, Fig. 8 is a schematic view of another embodiment of the invention with a rigid rod arrangement and elastic stop, Fig. 9 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the

Invention with spokes offset in the longitudinal and in the circumferential direction, FIG. 10 shows a further schematic illustration of an embodiment of the invention, FIG. 11 shows a device according to FIG. 1 with an embodiment of an additional one

Intermediate element in a schematic side view, FIG. 12 shows a device according to FIG. 2 with a modified embodiment of a

Intermediate element in a schematic lateral view, FIG. 13 shows a device according to FIG. 2 with a further embodiment

Intermediate element in a schematic side view, Fig. 14 shows a further embodiment of the invention in a schematic side view

View, and Fig. 15 shows a modified embodiment of a stop for a swash plate.

In the embodiment of a device according to the invention according to FIG. 1, spring-like spokes or support arms 2, 3, 4 are fastened on a continuous axis 1, which merge into segment-shaped sections 5, 6, 7 in the radially outer region and form the ring surface interrupted at 8. On the axis 1, a plurality of such wheel or ring-shaped elements, known as stamp elements, are arranged parallel to one another, the interrupted circumferential surfaces of which come into engagement with the ground. The peripheral segments 5, 6, 7 are designed to be resilient or resilient and resilient. In the embodiment according to FIGS. 2 and 3, a continuous axis 9 is provided, to which radially directed spring elements 11, 12, 13 are fastened, which are connected to a circumferential ring 10 at their radially outer end. If, as shown in FIG. 3, a strong pressure is exerted on the axis 9 of the device against the ground 14 passed over it, the spring 13 near the ground is compressed and the two other springs 11, 12 are stretched. The springs 1 1, 12, 13 represent the support arms or spokes of the system. If there are boulders, stones, gluten or the like between the spokes or springs 12, 13 or 1 1, 13 or two adjacent support element devices. set, a relaxation force is generated by relaxing the spring 13 with continued rotation and thus an increase in the distance between the springs, which leads to a jammed chunk or the like. Is released from the clamping, so that the system frees the chunk becomes. The peripheral surface 10 can be a rigid peripheral surface or else an elastically resilient surface, so that at the point of engagement with the bottom 14, the peripheral surface is deformed in operation and contributes to the restoring force of the system.

4 and 5 shows a device with an interrupted peripheral surface. On a continuous axis 15 corresponding to the device according to FIG. 2, spring elements 16, 17, 18 are fastened, which are connected at their radially outer ends to peripheral segments 19, 20, 21. The circumferential segments are connected to one another via articulated connecting elements 22, 23, 24 to form a ring and can be designed to be either rigid or resilient. At high load, which acts on the axis 15, there is a state, as indicated schematically in Fig. 5, namely compression of the spring 16 and relaxation of the springs 1 and 18, the segment portion 19, as in the drawing shown undergoes a deformation due to the contact pressure on the floor. Chunks that are clamped within the system during operation are freed from their jamming and removed when the device moves further by the restoring force and dimensional changes of the spring system as well as the deformed segment, so that a self-cleaning effect also occurs here.

6 shows a further embodiment of the invention with different support arms on a shaft 26. The spokes 27 have a profiled circumferential surface 28 on the outer radial end. The peripheral surface can be designed to be resilient. Furthermore, the spokes 27 can be resilient or be articulated at 29 on the axis 26, so that flexibility in the radial direction is ensured. 30 shows another embodiment of a spoke which has a profiled circumferential surface 31 in the shape of a sphere. With 32 and 33 spokes of two adjacent devices are indicated, which have a serrated profile 34 on their peripheral surface, which can also be resilient. At 36, a chunk of gluten or the like is indicated, which has settled between two adjacent devices 32 and 33. Due to the articulated mounting of the spokes 32 and 33 on the axis 26 (at 35), the two devices 32 and 33 are pressed apart against a spring force or clamping force at the clamping point of a block 36, and the impressed restoring force results in a release or Loosening the clamped block 36. The pivot axes 29, 35 are arranged at an angle for reasons of stability.

7 shows schematically a rod cage 37 which consists of tubes 38, 38 ', 38 "and 38'" which are offset parallel to one another in the axial direction of the device and in the circumferential direction and which are formed by flexible support arms 39, 39 ', 39 ", 39 "'are connected to a continuous axle 40 or optionally axle hubs 40a. The support arms 39, 39 'are designed as leaf spring elements, they However, as indicated by 39 ", can also be helical spring elements in order to achieve an all-round deflection and thus displacement of the tubes 38, 38 ', 38". Due to the deflections of the support arms and the tubular elements, the chunks clamped between them or the like are released when the deflectable support arms increase the distance between two parallel pipes 38, 38 ', so that the chunks are released.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 8, an axle disk 42 is fastened concentrically with the bars 43 of a bar cage on an axle 41, on which rigid bars 43, 43 ′ offset in the circumferential direction are pivotably arranged to a limited extent. Each rod 43, 43 'has a spoke 44, 44' on one side and a stop 45, 45 'on the opposite side, to which a rubber buffer or a spring 46, 46' is assigned, so that when one in the bottom Section of the phase of movement between the spokes 44, 44 'clamped chunk B is clamped, when the device continues to move in the working direction, the rod 43 is pivoted in the direction of movement by the restoring force of the stop 45, thereby increasing the distance between the two support arms which clamp the chunk and the chunk can fall out.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 9, spokes or support arms 47, 48, 49 are fastened on a continuous axis A, which are arranged at a distance from one another in the direction of the axis A and are each offset by 120 ° in the circumferential direction of the axis A. The radially outer ends of the spokes 47, 48, 49 are fixedly connected to a circumferential ring 50, which can be resilient in itself, while the spokes 47-49 are designed to be resilient in the radial direction or deflectable about the radial axes, so that the annular Circumferential surface 50 can perform a walking movement, which is due to the resilient or resilient Properties of the system mean that jammed chunks are removed from the system by correspondingly released restoring forces.

A further embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 10 is designed in such a way that rubber disks 52, 53 with or without cutouts are fastened in parallel to one another on an axis 51, which receive annular running surfaces 53, 54 on their peripheral edge, which are made of rigid material, e.g. are made of iron. The rubber washers 52, 53, which can also be made of plastic, are designed so that they can deflect out of their plane under load, so that pieces of earth, gluten or the like that are clamped between two adjacent washers 52, 53 are released again in that the disks 52, 53 can change their distance from one another by the deflection movements and thus the unwanted chunks can be detached from the device.

In the embodiments according to Figures 1 1, 12 and 13, the devices according to Figures 1 and 2 are provided with additional intermediate elements which are rigidly or resiliently attached to the machine frame and which complement the operation of the device according to the invention.

Fig. 1 1 shows an intermediate element 56, the upper end of which is firmly clamped to the machine frame 57 and which is guided downward and bent backwards at the lowermost end, so that a kink engaging with the ground is formed which forms the spring-like supporting elements 2, 3 , 4 cushioned supports. The intermediate element 56, which is arranged between two devices 2 - 7 spaced apart from one another on the axis 1, can be designed in the form of a rod or tubular cross section, but also in the form of a plate, so that the plane of the plate lies parallel to the longitudinal axis 1. The support arm of the intermediate element 56 is arranged behind the axis 1 in the direction of travel of the machine. In contrast to this, FIG. 12 shows an embodiment tion form, in which the intermediate element 56 is arranged in the direction of travel in front of the axis 9 and attached to the machine frame 59. Both intermediate elements according to Figures 1 1 and 12 run below the axis 1 above the ground or in contact with the ground.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 13, a rod-shaped or plate-shaped intermediate element 60 is connected to the machine frame 61 and protrudes approximately in the radial direction from above into the area of the rotating surface of the device 10 to 13, which prevents that between two adjacent devices Can build up soil. With F in Figures 1 1, 12 and 13 the direction of travel is designated, with D the direction of rotation.

In the embodiment of a wobble roller according to FIG. 14, individual annular disks 62, 62a,... With axial bores 63, 63a... Are arranged so that they can move on a common axis 64 such that the diameter of the bore 63 is larger is as the diameter of the axis 64, an all-round wobbling movement of the disks 62 on the axis 64 is made possible when the peripheral surface 65, 65a, ... comes into engagement with the ground. The deflection of the swash plates 62, 62a, ... is limited by fixed stops 66, 67 or 66a, 67a, for example in the form of annular disks rigidly attached to the axis 64, so that the swivel angle of the plates 62, 62a ... in the axial direction X is limited. Two adjacent swash plates 62 and 62a have a distance on the axis 64 from one another which is defined by the distance between the two stops 66, 67 and 66a, 67a and which is selected such that the plates do not touch their pivoting position in any position. With 68 an intermediate element is shown, which is fastened between two adjacent washers 62, 62a on the machine frame and which is designed, for example, analogously to an intermediate element 56 according to FIG. 11 and is fastened to the machine frame 69. Instead of the stops 66, 67 on the axis 64, it is proposed in a further embodiment of the invention to provide on the side faces of each swash plate 62, 62a ... side supports 68, 69 which can be plate-shaped or bow-shaped and the central recesses 70 for fitting have on the axis 64, these side supports allow only a limited pivoting of the disc 62 on the axis 64. Both the stops 66, 67 and the side supports 68, 69 can be carried out continuously, but also discontinuously, ie interrupted. A position of the disk 62 is shown in broken lines in FIG. 14, in which the disk 62 assumes its lowest position due to its weight.

Claims

claims 1 . Device for solidifying the soil by means of roller, segment or wheel-shaped tool elements fastened parallel to one another on an axis, which have a substantially ring-shaped, interrupted or uninterrupted peripheral surface and have supporting elements extending from the axis and connected to the peripheral surface, characterized in that the support elements (2, 3, 4; 1 1, 12, 13; 16, 1 7, 18; 19, 20, 21; 32, 33; 39; 47, 48, 49; 52, 53; 62) elastically yielding in are arranged or formed radially and / or in the axial direction essentially on all sides. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the support elements as support arms or spokes (2, 3, 4; 1 1, 12, 13; 16, 17, 18; 32, 33; 39; 52, 53; 62) the deflected position are designed or arranged to be self-resetting. 3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the tread or segments (19, 20, 21) of the tread (10; 50; 54, 55) are flexible. 4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the segments (19, 20, 21) of the tread are articulated (22, 23, 24) with each other or deflectable to one another. 5. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the support elements (2, 3, 4; 1 1, 12, 13; 39; 47, 48, 49; 52, 53) are or have spring elements in the radial Direction and can be deflected about the radial axis, for example leaf springs, telescopic springs, spiral springs made of metal and / or plastic, or Buffer elements made of rubber or plastic. 6. The device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the interrupted or uninterrupted circumferential surface or tread (19, 20, 21) consists of resilient material. 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the tubular rods (38) forming the roller circumference in the axial direction of the roller or the rod cage (37) by supporting elements (39), e.g. Rods or disks that define the shape of the roller and that the support elements are designed to be elastically deformable or deflectable. 8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the axial direction of the roller or the rod cage the peripheral surface forming tubes or rods (38; 43) via spoke elements (39; 47, 48, 49) with a spoke hub (40, 41 ) or spoke hub sections, and that the spoke elements are designed to be deformable or deflectable. 9. The device according to claim 1 or 8, characterized in that the spokes are designed as rigid rods (43, 43 ') which are arranged between each stop (44, 44', 45, 45 ') on each spoke side, wherein the rigid rods (43) are arranged between a fixed stop (44, 44 ') arranged on one spoke side and a stop (45, 45') which is resilient on the opposite spoke side and can be deflected to a limited extent. 10. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that on an axis (A) spokes or support arms (47, 48, 49) are each offset in the circumferential direction of the axis at approximately the same distance from each other, the radially outer Ends are fixedly connected to a circumferential ring (50), and that the circumferential ring (50) and / or the spokes (47, 48, 49) are designed to be resilient or deflectable in the radial direction and / or in the axial direction. 1 1. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that on the axis (A; 51) of the device parallel to each other flexible disks or wheels (50; 52, 53) made of rubber, plastic or the like. Material are attached to the radial Circumferentially engaging treads (54, 55) made of rigid material, for example Iron, are attached. 12. Device for solidifying the soil by means of roller-, segment- or wheel-shaped tool elements fastened parallel to one another on an axis, which have a substantially ring-shaped, interrupted or uninterrupted circumferential surface and have support elements starting from the axis and connected to the circumferential surface, characterized , that the Supporting elements (62, 62a,) are disc-shaped elements, which are ring-shaped Swash plates are formed, the inner diameter (63) of which is larger than the axle diameter (64), and that the angular deflection of the swash plates is limited by stops (66, 67; 66a, 67a; ...) or lateral supports (68, 69) is. 13. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that the stops (66, 67; 66a, 67a; ...) are lateral, on the axis (64) rigidly fixed or partial limiting disks. 14. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that the lateral supports (68, 69) are formed in plate, bracket or the like. Form, which are attached to the swash plates (62, 62a, ....) itself. 1 5. Device according to one of claims 1-14, characterized in that the support elements (2, 3, 4; 1 1, 12, 13; ... 62) rod or plate-shaped, optionally in front of or behind the axis of rotation (1 9) the intermediate elements (56; 58), which extend below the axis and are attached to the machine frame (57; 59) between two adjacent supporting element units. 16. Device according to one of claims 1 - 14, characterized in that the supporting elements (2, 3, 4; 1 1, 12, 13; ... 62) are rod-shaped or plate-shaped, optionally in front of or behind the axis of rotation (1; 9) the intermediate elements (60) which are arranged in the region of the rotating surface and which are fastened to the machine frame (61) are assigned.