WO2001022052A1 - Device assembly for preparing and analyzing tissue for microscopic examinations - Google Patents
Device assembly for preparing and analyzing tissue for microscopic examinations Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001022052A1 WO2001022052A1 PCT/DE2000/003365 DE0003365W WO0122052A1 WO 2001022052 A1 WO2001022052 A1 WO 2001022052A1 DE 0003365 W DE0003365 W DE 0003365W WO 0122052 A1 WO0122052 A1 WO 0122052A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- containers
- reagents
- device arrangement
- arrangement according
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/30—Staining; Impregnating ; Fixation; Dehydration; Multistep processes for preparing samples of tissue, cell or nucleic acid material and the like for analysis
- G01N1/31—Apparatus therefor
- G01N1/312—Apparatus therefor for samples mounted on planar substrates
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device arrangement for cells or tissues of living beings which are to be examined cytologically, histologically or immunologically.
- the device arrangement is particularly suitable for immunohistochemical detection of proteins and of mRNA.
- the appropriate pretreatment is an essential prerequisite for microscopic evaluation of the tissues. After death, living cells and tissues are first autolytically fermentative, then bacterially decomposed. A treatment that prevents this decomposition is therefore necessary to examine their structures. This fixation should largely preserve living structures so that they can be assessed in real life. Depending on the objective of the investigation, further treatments such as washing, dyeing, incubating with antibodies, etc., are required after the tissue section has been produced. In the subsequent microscopic examination, it is necessary to place the tissue section on a slide. [State of the art]
- DE OS 3 313 127 proposes a device for coloring biological samples, in which the tissue section is introduced into a microscope carrier m and a container is brought into contact with the liquid. The device is fed and removed by hand; further treatments are not possible with this device.
- Fully automatic systems are also known (DE PS 3634976). These consist of a housing with several containers with the appropriate reagents and a specimen holder transport device. This dips the object carrier with the tissue sections into the container, the time duration and sequence being predetermined by a control system. All known devices use a slide, this enables the necessary handling of the samples. But the devices are by the transport or gripping elements ⁇ correspondingly expensive. Since the samples are treated one after the other, the guarantee of the same treatment conditions is not completely guaranteed.
- the object of the invention is to develop a device arrangement without complicated mechanics, which with the treatment of a large number of free-floating tissue sections different reagents and ensures equal treatment.
- the invention proceeds from the known principle that the tissue sections are fed to the individual reagents.
- the idea of the invention is to direct the reagents in batches of tissue sections.
- a device arrangement is proposed which enables free storage of the tissue sections and the arbitrary supply of reagents.
- combinable containers for different batch sizes and reticular spacers are proposed.
- the nets not only enable handling and spacing of the tissue sections, but also bring about wetting and winding around the surface.
- tissue sections can be treated in less time with less effort.
- the different conditions required in each case are optimally maintained.
- the same treatment of the tissue sections e batch is ensured, which is particularly important in comparative studies.
- the device arrangement is shown in principle in the figure.
- Several cylinder-shaped containers (1) are screwed one above the other to form a washing column.
- the containers (1) each have an internal or external thread on the circumference and possibly one Poetry. They are made of appropriate plastic, such as polyethylene.
- the top and bottom container (1) each have a bottom plate and hose connections.
- the tissue sections (2) are located horizontally in the containers (1), lying on nylon nets (3).
- the washing column is connected to a pump (4) and storage containers (6) for reagent liquids via hoses, a two-way valve (5) and a three-way valve (5).
- a sequence control not shown, controls the valves (5) and pump (4) in a predetermined sequence.
- the arrangement of the device enables rinsing to collect the used washing liquid and circulation of reagent liquids. With additional valves (5) and storage containers (6) this can be expanded according to the requirements. Function in immunochemistry:
- the tissue sections (2) are placed in the container (1), a nylon mesh (3) with a diameter of 31 mm being placed between the individual tissue sections (2). After each feed a further container (1) is screwed and at the end a container (1) with the conclusion ⁇ ground and hose Connections.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
Description
[Bezeichnung der Erfindung] [Name of the Invention]
Gerateanordnung zur Praparation und Analyse von Gewebe für mikroskopische UntersuchungenDevice arrangement for the preparation and analysis of tissue for microscopic examinations
[Beschreibung][Description]
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Gerateanordnung für Zellen bzw. Gewebe von Lebewesen, die zytologisch, histologisch oder immunnologisch untersucht werden sollen. Besonders geeignet ist das Gerateanordnung für immunhistochemische Detektion von Proteinen und von mRNA. Für die mikroskopische Bewertung der Gewebe ist die entsprechende Vorbehandlung eine wesentliche Voraussetzung. Lebende Zellen und Gewebe werden nach dem Absterben zunächst autolytisch-fermentativ, danach bakteriell zersetzt. Für die Untersuchung ihrer Strukturen ist deshalb eine Behandlung notig, die diese Zersetzung unterbindet. Diese Fixierung soll lebende Strukturen weitgehend lebensahn- lich erhalten, damit sie real beurteilt werden können. Je nach Untersuchungsziel sind nach der Herstellung des Gewebeschnittes weitere Behandlungen erforderlich, wie Waschen, Farben, mit Antikörper inkubieren u.a.. Bei der anschließenden mikroskopische Untersuchung ist es erforderlich, den Gewebeschnitt auf einem Objektträger zu plazieren. [Stand der Technik]The invention relates to a device arrangement for cells or tissues of living beings which are to be examined cytologically, histologically or immunologically. The device arrangement is particularly suitable for immunohistochemical detection of proteins and of mRNA. The appropriate pretreatment is an essential prerequisite for microscopic evaluation of the tissues. After death, living cells and tissues are first autolytically fermentative, then bacterially decomposed. A treatment that prevents this decomposition is therefore necessary to examine their structures. This fixation should largely preserve living structures so that they can be assessed in real life. Depending on the objective of the investigation, further treatments such as washing, dyeing, incubating with antibodies, etc., are required after the tissue section has been produced. In the subsequent microscopic examination, it is necessary to place the tissue section on a slide. [State of the art]
Für kleine Mengen von zu untersuchenden Gewebeschnitten werden diese von Hand m einem Behalter gelegt und frei schwimmend gewaschen. Nach der Entnahme erfolgt eine einzelne Ablage der Gewebeschnitte, überwiegend auf einen Glastrager. Anschließend werden mittels Pipette die Reagenzien zugeführt. Diese Behandlung ist nicht nur aufwendig, sondern beeinflußt auch die Qualltat subjektiv. Für eine größere Zahl von Untersuchungen werden spezielle Vorrichtungen verwendet. In der DE OS 3 313 127 ist eine Vorrichtung zum Farben von biologischen Proben vorgeschlagen, bei der der Gewebeschnitt auf einem Mikroskopprobentrager m ein Behalter eingebracht und dadurch mit Farbeflussigkeit kontaktiert wird. Zufuhr und Entnahme erfolgen von Hand, weitere Behandlungen sind an dieser Vorrichtung nicht möglich.For small amounts of tissue sections to be examined, these are placed by hand in a container and washed free-floating. After removal, the tissue sections are deposited individually, predominantly on a glass support. The reagents are then added using a pipette. This treatment is not only complex, but also affects the act of agony subjectively. Special devices are used for a larger number of examinations. DE OS 3 313 127 proposes a device for coloring biological samples, in which the tissue section is introduced into a microscope carrier m and a container is brought into contact with the liquid. The device is fed and removed by hand; further treatments are not possible with this device.
Es sind auch vollautomatische Anlagen bekannt ( DE PS 3634976) . Diese bestehen aus einem Gehäuse mit mehreren Behaltern mit den entsprechenden Reagenzien und einer Prapa- rathalter-Transportvorrichtung. Diese taucht die Objektrager mit den Gewebeschnitten m die Behalter, wobei die Zeitdauer und Reihenfolge durch eine Steuerung vorgegeben wird. Alle bekannte Vorrichtungen benutzen einen Objektträger, dieser ermöglicht die erforderliche Handhabung der Proben. Die Vorrichtungen sind aber durch die Transport bzw. Greif¬ elemente entsprechend aufwendig. Da die Proben nacheinander behandelt werden, ist auch hier die Gewährleistung gleicher Behandlungsbedingungen nicht vollständig gegeben.Fully automatic systems are also known (DE PS 3634976). These consist of a housing with several containers with the appropriate reagents and a specimen holder transport device. This dips the object carrier with the tissue sections into the container, the time duration and sequence being predetermined by a control system. All known devices use a slide, this enables the necessary handling of the samples. But the devices are by the transport or gripping elements ¬ correspondingly expensive. Since the samples are treated one after the other, the guarantee of the same treatment conditions is not completely guaranteed.
[Aufgabe der Erfindung]OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Gerateanordnung ohne komplizierte Mechanik zu entwickeln, welche die Behandlung einer großen Zahl von frei schwimmenden Gewebeschnitten mit verschiedenen Reagenzien ermöglicht und dabei eine Gleichbehandlung sichert.The object of the invention is to develop a device arrangement without complicated mechanics, which with the treatment of a large number of free-floating tissue sections different reagents and ensures equal treatment.
Erfmdungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe durch die Merkmale gemäß Anspruch 1 gelost.According to the invention, the object is achieved by the features according to claim 1.
Die Erfindung geht von dem bekannten Prinzip ab, dass die Gewebeschnitte den einzelnen Reagenzien zugeführt werden. Der Erfindungsgedanke besteht darin, die Reagenzien in Chargen von Gewebeschnitten zu leiten. Dafür wird eine Gerateanord- nung vorgeschlagen, die eine freie Lagerung der Gewebeschnitte und die beliebige Zufuhrung von Reagenzien ermöglicht. In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung werden kombinierbare Behalter für unterschiedliche Chargengroßen und netzförmige Abstandshalterungen vorgeschlagen. Die Netze ermöglichen nicht nur eine Handhabung und Abstandshalterung der Gewebeschnitte, sondern bewirken auch eine Benetzung und Umspulung der Oberflache. Für spezielle Behandlungen ist weiterhin vorgesehen, die gesamte Gerateanordnung, Teile davon oder nur die Reagenzien zu temperieren. Das kann eine Kühlung, z. B. bei Antikorperlosungen oder Erwärmung sein.The invention proceeds from the known principle that the tissue sections are fed to the individual reagents. The idea of the invention is to direct the reagents in batches of tissue sections. For this purpose, a device arrangement is proposed which enables free storage of the tissue sections and the arbitrary supply of reagents. In a further embodiment of the invention, combinable containers for different batch sizes and reticular spacers are proposed. The nets not only enable handling and spacing of the tissue sections, but also bring about wetting and winding around the surface. For special treatments, provision is also made to temper the entire device arrangement, parts thereof or only the reagents. This can be cooling, e.g. B. with antibody solutions or warming.
Mit dieser Erfindung können wesentlich mehr Gewebeschnitte m kürzerer Zeit bei verringertem Aufwand behandelt werden. Besonders bei mehrfachen Behandlungsschπtten werden die jeweils erforderlichen unterschiedlichen Bedingungen optimal eingehalten. Außerdem ist eine gleiche Behandlung der Gewebeschnitte e Charge gewahrleistet, was besonders bei vergleichenden Untersuchungen wesentlich ist.With this invention, significantly more tissue sections can be treated in less time with less effort. In the case of multiple treatment sections in particular, the different conditions required in each case are optimally maintained. In addition, the same treatment of the tissue sections e batch is ensured, which is particularly important in comparative studies.
[Beispiele][Examples]
Nachfolgend soll die Gerateanordnung an einem Beispiel und zwei Anwendungen erläutert werden.In the following, the device arrangement will be explained using an example and two applications.
In der Fig. ist die Gerateanordnung im Prinzip dargestellt. Mehrere zylindermantelformige Behalter (1) sind übereinander zu einer Waschsaule verschraubt. Die Behalter (1) besitzen am Umfang je ein Innen bzw. Außengewinde und gegebenenfalls eine Dichtung. Sie sind aus entsprechendem Kunststoff, z.B. Poly- ethylen gefertigt. Der oberste und unterste Behalter (1) hat jeweils einen Abschlußboden und Schlauchanschlusse . In den Behältern (1) befinden sich waagerecht, auf Nylonnet- zen(3) liegend, die Gewebeschnitte (2 ) .The device arrangement is shown in principle in the figure. Several cylinder-shaped containers (1) are screwed one above the other to form a washing column. The containers (1) each have an internal or external thread on the circumference and possibly one Poetry. They are made of appropriate plastic, such as polyethylene. The top and bottom container (1) each have a bottom plate and hose connections. The tissue sections (2) are located horizontally in the containers (1), lying on nylon nets (3).
Die Waschsaule ist über Schlauche, einem Zweiwegeventil (5) und einem Dreiwegeventil (5) mit einer Pumpe (4) und Vorratsbe- haltern(6) für Reagenzflussigkeiten verbunden. Eine nicht dargestellte Ablaufsteuerung steuert die Ventile (5) und Pumpe (4) in vorgegebener Folge. Durch die Gerateanordnung ist eine Spulung mit Auffangen der gebrauchten Waschtlussigkeit , und eine Kreislauffuhrung von Reagenzflussigkeiten möglich. Durch weitere Ventile (5) und Vorratsbehaltern ( 6) kann diese entsprechend der Erfordernisse erweitert werden. Funktion in der Immunchemie:The washing column is connected to a pump (4) and storage containers (6) for reagent liquids via hoses, a two-way valve (5) and a three-way valve (5). A sequence control, not shown, controls the valves (5) and pump (4) in a predetermined sequence. The arrangement of the device enables rinsing to collect the used washing liquid and circulation of reagent liquids. With additional valves (5) and storage containers (6) this can be expanded according to the requirements. Function in immunochemistry:
Zur Durchfuhrung der Immunhistochemie werden die Gewebeschnitte (2) (Dicke 25 μm, Große 10 mm) in die Behälter (1) gelegt, wobei zwischen die einzelnen Gewebeschnitte (2 ) jeweils ein Nylonnetz (3) mit einem Durchmesser von 31 mm gelegt wird. Nach jeder Beschickung wird ein weiterer Behalter (1) aufgeschraubt und zum Abschluß ein Behalter (1) mit Abschlu߬ boden und Schlauchanschlusse. Nun wird mit Waschlosung gewaschen (V 1 zu, V2 auf= Waschen) , mit Fixierlosung behandelt (V 1 auf, V2 zu= Zirkulation) , gewaschen, mit Blockierungslo- sung über Nacht bei 4°C inkubiert (Zirkulation), gewaschen und über Nacht bei 4 C mit Antikorperlosung inkubiert (Zirku¬ lation) , gewaschen und über Nacht bei 4°C einer zweiten Antikorperlosung inkubiert (Zirkulation) , gewaschen und 4 Stunden bei 4°C mit einer Verstarkerlosung inkubiert (Zirku- lation) , gewaschen und 5-25 Minuten mit einer Farbelosung gefärbt (Zirkulation) , gewaschen, mit Fixierungslosung behandelt (Zirkulation), gewaschen und am Schluß aus der Waschsaule genommen und auf O jektrager gebracht. Funktion bei In situ Hybridisierung:To carry out the immunohistochemistry, the tissue sections (2) (thickness 25 μm, size 10 mm) are placed in the container (1), a nylon mesh (3) with a diameter of 31 mm being placed between the individual tissue sections (2). After each feed a further container (1) is screwed and at the end a container (1) with the conclusion ¬ ground and hose Connections. Now wash with wash solution (V 1 closed, V2 open = wash), treat with fixative solution (V 1 open, V2 close = circulation), wash, incubate with blocking solution overnight at 4 ° C (circulation), wash and over overnight at 4 C with Antikorperlosung incubated (Zirku ¬ modulation), washed and incubated overnight at 4 ° C a second Antikorperlosung incubated (circulation), washed, and 4 hours at 4 ° C with a Verstarkerlosung incubated (circulation), washed, and 5 -25 minutes dyed with a color solution (circulation), washed, treated with fixation solution (circulation), washed and finally removed from the wash column and transferred to the carrier. Function in in situ hybridization:
Zur Durchfuhrung der In situ Hybridisierung werden die Gewebeschnitte (2 ) , (Dicke 60 μm, Große 10mm) m die Waschsaule gelegt (zwischen die einzelnen Gewebeschnitte (2) wird jeweils ein Nylonnetz (3) mit einem Durchmesser von 31 mm gelegt) und mit Waschlosung gewaschen (V 1 zu, V2 auf = Waschen) , mit Fixierungslosung behandelt (V 1 auf, V2 zu = Zirkulation) , gewaschen, mit Blockierungslosung 1 Stunde bei 65°C inkubiert (Zirkulation) und 6 Stunden mit einer Hybπdisierungslosung inkubiert (Zirkulation) , danach werden die Schnitte mehrmals bei 65°C gewaschen (Waschen mit darauffolgender Zirkulation), mit Fixierungslosung behandelt (Zirkulation), gewaschen, mit Fixierungslosung 1/2 Stunde inkubiert (Zirkulation) und über Nacht bei 4 C mit einem Antikörper mkubiert (Zirkulation) . Danach werden die Schnitte gewaschen und 1-4 Stunden mit einer Farbelosung bei 37°C gefärbt (Zirkulation) , mit Fixier- losung 1 Stunde mkubiert (Zirkulation), gewaschen und am Schluß aus der Waschsaule genommen und auf Ob ektrager gebracht . To carry out the in situ hybridization, the tissue sections (2) (thickness 60 μm, size 10 mm) are placed in the washing column (a nylon net (3) with a diameter of 31 mm is placed between the individual tissue sections (2)) and with Washed solution washed (V 1 closed, V2 open = washing), treated with fixation solution (V 1 closed, V2 closed = circulation), washed, incubated with blocking solution for 1 hour at 65 ° C (circulation) and incubated for 6 hours with a hybridization solution (circulation ), then the sections are washed several times at 65 ° C (washing with subsequent circulation), treated with fixation solution (circulation), washed, incubated with fixation solution for 1/2 hour (circulation) and incubated overnight at 4 C with an antibody (circulation ). The sections are then washed and stained for 1-4 hours with a color solution at 37 ° C. (circulation), incubated with fixative solution for 1 hour (circulation), washed and finally removed from the wash column and placed on the body.
[Bezugszeichenliste][REFERENCE LIST]
BehalterContainer
Gewebeschnittetissue sections
Abstandsmittelspacer
Pumpepump
Ventilevalves
Vorratsbehalter storage vessel
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00967611A EP1218719A1 (en) | 1999-09-23 | 2000-09-21 | Device assembly for preparing and analyzing tissue for microscopic examinations |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19945621.6 | 1999-09-23 | ||
| DE1999145621 DE19945621A1 (en) | 1999-09-23 | 1999-09-23 | Device arrangement for the preparation and analysis of tissue for microscopic examinations |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2001022052A1 true WO2001022052A1 (en) | 2001-03-29 |
Family
ID=7923049
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/DE2000/003365 Ceased WO2001022052A1 (en) | 1999-09-23 | 2000-09-21 | Device assembly for preparing and analyzing tissue for microscopic examinations |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1218719A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE19945621A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2001022052A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10149345A1 (en) * | 2001-10-06 | 2003-05-08 | Leica Mikrosysteme Gmbh Wien | Device and method for rapid tissue preparation for histological examinations |
| CN110132695A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2019-08-16 | 福州迈新生物技术开发有限公司 | A kind of pathological staining system reduction human error is caused to dye abnormal method |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10163488A1 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-07-10 | Microm Int Gmbh | Device for the treatment of histological samples |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3635013A1 (en) * | 1986-10-15 | 1988-05-11 | Graskoetter Karl Rainer | Apparatus for investigating tissue samples maintained in vitro |
| US4847208A (en) * | 1987-07-29 | 1989-07-11 | Bogen Steven A | Apparatus for immunohistochemical staining and method of rinsing a plurality of slides |
| US5231029A (en) * | 1989-08-23 | 1993-07-27 | Royal Postgraduate Medical School | Apparatus for the in situ hybridization of slide-mounted cell samples |
| WO1999009390A1 (en) * | 1997-08-20 | 1999-02-25 | The University Of Miami | A high quality, continuous throughput, tissue fixation-dehydration-fat removal-impregnation method |
-
1999
- 1999-09-23 DE DE1999145621 patent/DE19945621A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2000
- 2000-09-21 WO PCT/DE2000/003365 patent/WO2001022052A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-09-21 EP EP00967611A patent/EP1218719A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3635013A1 (en) * | 1986-10-15 | 1988-05-11 | Graskoetter Karl Rainer | Apparatus for investigating tissue samples maintained in vitro |
| US4847208A (en) * | 1987-07-29 | 1989-07-11 | Bogen Steven A | Apparatus for immunohistochemical staining and method of rinsing a plurality of slides |
| US5231029A (en) * | 1989-08-23 | 1993-07-27 | Royal Postgraduate Medical School | Apparatus for the in situ hybridization of slide-mounted cell samples |
| WO1999009390A1 (en) * | 1997-08-20 | 1999-02-25 | The University Of Miami | A high quality, continuous throughput, tissue fixation-dehydration-fat removal-impregnation method |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10149345A1 (en) * | 2001-10-06 | 2003-05-08 | Leica Mikrosysteme Gmbh Wien | Device and method for rapid tissue preparation for histological examinations |
| DE10149345B4 (en) * | 2001-10-06 | 2007-11-15 | Leica Mikrosysteme Gmbh | Device for rapid tissue preparation for histological examinations |
| US7514042B2 (en) | 2001-10-06 | 2009-04-07 | Leica Mikrosysteme Gmbh | Device and method for rapid tissue preparations for histological investigations |
| CN110132695A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2019-08-16 | 福州迈新生物技术开发有限公司 | A kind of pathological staining system reduction human error is caused to dye abnormal method |
| CN110132695B (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2022-01-11 | 福州迈新生物技术开发有限公司 | Method for reducing abnormal dyeing caused by human error by pathological dyeing system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE19945621A1 (en) | 2001-04-05 |
| EP1218719A1 (en) | 2002-07-03 |
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