WO2001005565A1 - System for producing wood chips from round wood or the like - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a system for producing wood chips from round wood (1) comprising at least one pair of rollers (5, 6; 21, 22) through which the optionally flattened round wood (1) is advanced, preferably with the thin end leading, by an advancing device, e.g. a chain conveyor bed (3). The pair of rollers (5, 6; 21, 22) cut a grid consisting of horizontal and vertical cuts into the round wood (1) by means of cutters (7, 9) acting upon the outer surface. This grid defines narrow strip-like quadrilaterals. Blades (12; 27, 28; 33, 34) are attached to the pair of rollers (5, 6; 21, 22), and the round wood (1) that is cut into in such a manner is advanced against said blades. The blades (12; 27, 28; 33, 34) remove layers from the round wood (1) like a plane which break apart into flat chips with exact dimensions as a result of the grid cuttings. Multiple flat chipping devices (F1, F2) can be mounted in series. In addition, a cutting device (A1, A2) which somewhat flattens the round wood (1) can be connected in front of each chipping device, and whose drawing rollers (5, 6; 21, 22) simultaneously cut the grid into the round wood. Turning devices (W) which turn around an angle of 90 DEG , or return devices for effectin g a repeated passage can also be provided.

Description

 "Arrangement for the production of wood shavings from logs or the like."

TECHNICAL AREA

The invention relates to an arrangement for the production of wood shavings from round timber, processed round timber or sawn timber, in particular flat shavings for wood-based panel production, with a feed device for the round timber or the like and with at least one pair of rollers between which the round timber or the like ., preferably with the thin end ahead, is carried out in the longitudinal direction.

These flat chips can be used for the production of heavy-duty, chip-oriented boards (e.g. OSB boards). Another very valuable end product with such an arrangement is squared timber if only the differential volume between the approximately cylindrical round timber and the guader-shaped or prismatic squared timber is processed for chip production. If lumber in the form of untrimmed boards is used as the starting product, then the difference in volume resulting from the production of sharp-edged boards can be cut. As an example, the desired flat chips in question have a length of 20 cm, a width of 3 cm and a thickness of 1 mm. Another requirement is directed towards the quality of the valuable squared timber that remains as the rest, which should be dimensionally stable and whose surface should be shallow.

STATE OF THE ART

Rotating disks, which are equipped with cleavers, are known for cutting round wood. Circular saw blades are mostly used to give the remaining core the surface quality required for squared timber.

These plants produce wood chips for the paper and pulp industry as well as for particle board production and as a result the saw cuts also sawdust. A corresponding system is described in DE 19 13 295.7 A1.

A further development is known from DE 195 04 030 C1 and AT-GM 688/97. These documents relate to waste-free dismantling of round wood by means of rotating, frustoconical cutting heads, on the lateral surfaces of which knives are arranged along a spiral. The logs are pushed through the space between two such cutting heads directed towards each other. The width and thickness of flakes are adjustable. The length results from tearing off the chip at the end of the knife and is left to chance. As a result, the breaking edge is irregular.

Finally, debarking machines for round wood and gating devices for producing more or less deeply flattened, longitudinally oriented and pair-parallel reference surfaces on the round wood are known, the latter using feed rollers, rotating chip heads, such as rotating truncated-cone-shaped knife carriers used as chopping or milling devices, and finally have pull-out rollers.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

The invention aims to provide an arrangement which enables machining into precisely dimensionable flat chips and which, as a second product, produces high-quality squared timber. It remains open which product - flakes or squared timber - is to be addressed as the main product and which as the secondary product. This is achieved with an arrangement of the type described in the introduction in that the rollers of one or more pairs of rollers cut on their circumferential surfaces in the circumferential direction, for example cutting disks arranged parallel to one another, and / or cutting approximately in the axial direction of the rollers, for example between the cutting disc webs or cutting plate with face

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is provided. Furthermore, the knives can be followed by a chip guide for the temporary curvature of the flat chips from the knife plane, for example in the direction of advance of the round timber or the like, for permanent straight alignment of the flat chips running off the knife.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the cutting edges of the pair of rollers, which are oriented approximately in the axial direction, in particular those of the cutting tips, which contour the length of the flake chips, are offset from one another in the circumferential direction and essentially differ from a continuous generating line of the rollers. These roughly vertical short cutting edges, which determine the short front edge (width) and the end edge of the flax chip, are therefore not continuously on a common generatrix of the roller, but offset in a step-like manner. As a result, not all cutting edges come into contact with the log at the same time. The load on the rollers is evened out. It can also be provided that the cutting edges, for example arranged between the cutting disks, are inclined to the circumferential direction. As a result, the load on the rollers is evenly more even, because the individual cutting edges do not come into effect one at a time, but successively. The cutting disks and the approximately axially oriented cutting edges can be provided separately on at least two successive pairs of rollers. The first pair of rollers produces, for example, the horizontal cuts, the second pair of rollers with the stepped, approximately vertically oriented blades make the vertical cuts. Furthermore, it is expedient if at least two pairs of rollers are provided for cutting, piercing or indenting the raster with an increasing depth of incision, penetration or indentation from pair of rollers to pair of rollers, the horizontal and the approximately vertical incisions or the like possibly being provided on separate pairs of rollers are provided. A special embodiment provides that pairs of rollers with axes perpendicular to one another and pairs of knives offset from one another by 90 ° are provided in immediate succession for processing four sides of the round timber or the like. A system can consist of a plurality of the stations described so far. The cutting and removal takes place, for example for a first depth of 5 mm and for machining in 5 x 1 mm steps. This follows, each set 5 mm closer, a second, a third and a fourth, etc. Thus, groups of contour-cutting roller pairs and pairs of fixed knives opposite one another are arranged several times in succession. At the end of such a processing line, the log can always be returned to the starting position and run again at closer distances between the rollers and knives. It is expedient if a known turning device for rotating the logs by 90 ° is connected between the arrangements according to the invention. In this way, the round logs finally become square timbers. One can only get by with a roller and cutter arrangement if a reversing device for returning the round wood or the like to the starting position is provided for repeated running through the arrangement with a respectively reduced center distance of the rollers and a reduced distance between the fixed cutting edges of the knives.

A special construction is characterized in that between the contour cutting tools, eg. B. the cutting discs, spacers are provided as limiting rings for the depth of cut, the diameter, for example, 10 mm smaller than the cutting disc diameter. The limiting rings are threaded with the cutting discs on one axis of the roller. The cutting plates are provided on the spacers in a radially projecting manner. In order to improve the quality of the flakes even more, it is advisable to chuck the round wood on four sides that are perpendicular to each other and to flatten it in order to achieve defined reference surfaces for the contouring and for the knife or chipper units of the flaker level or steps. If such a clamping device is used, then it is expedient if the rollers of one or more pairs of rollers for piercing or pressing in the grid are designed as pull-out rollers or pairs of pull-out rollers of an upstream clamping device. You are then driven and have two functions at the same time. The chucking device comprises feed rollers, in particular a device for orienting curvatures or deflections of a round timber, parallel chipboards for milling or chopping off edge areas and for producing parallel reference planes on the round timber, and finally the pull-out rollers, of which at least one pair of rollers at the same time performs the task Contouring rollers take over. One embodiment is characterized in that a chucking device with contouring rollers is followed by a turning device for rotating the round wood or the like about its longitudinal axis by 90 ° and then a further chucking device with contouring rollers and then the knives are arranged downstream of the flat chipping devices. Alternatively, a chipping device with contouring rollers can have a return and turning device through 90 ° for a second pass through the chucking device to flatten the sides of the round wood offset by 90 °. As mentioned, it is expedient if at least one of the usual three pairs of pull-out rolls of a pull-out roll group is equipped with contour-forming rolls and has the double function of pulling out of the clamping device and contouring for the flat chip device. The pull-out roller groups provided in the course of an overall arrangement of clamping and flat-chip devices can also be equipped in groups with only one horizontal contouring and in the next pull-out roller group with contouring rollers with only vertical contouring. With the latter contouring, a roller synchronization would be necessary if several such contouring rollers follow one another so that the cuts are congruent. A further alternative is characterized in that a chucking device with rollers for pulling out and contouring two parallel sides is followed by the knives of a flat chipping device and, after a turning device by 90 °, another chucking device for the other two parallel sides and another flat chipping device. UJ U> to .__

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As shown in FIG. 1, the round timber 1 leaves the pair of rollers 5, 6 with a grid cut approximately 5 mm deep, each of which defines narrow, elongated rectangles. These rectangles have a length of approx. 20 cm and a height of approx. 3 cm. Of course, other dimensions are also possible. The depth of cut is about 5 mm in the example. The incisions separate the fibers of the wood smoothly.

The contouring station with the rollers 5, 6 is followed by a knife station with fixed knives 12 which engage in pairs on the grid surfaces of the round timber 1. Five such pairs of knives are provided one behind the other on a knife bar or knife carrier 13 in the feed direction of the chain conveyor bed 3. The distance between the cutting edges of each pair of knives decreases by 2 mm from pair to pair. In this way, the knives 12 each remove layers of 1 mm thickness which, due to their contouring or rastering as a result of the horizontal and vertical incisions, disintegrate into narrow, elongated strips which are referred to as flakes. These flake chips have exact sharp edges and are not just fragments, as is mostly the case with the prior art. 6 shows in detail a specific embodiment of a knife carrier 13 with the knives 12 which delimit a gap 19. The dimensioned flax runs off through this and is aligned straight by a chip guide 20 in the form of a curved guide plate. In Fig. 1 is also a partition 18 can be seen, which separate the flakes from the wood fragments that are directly at the cutting edges of the knives 12. Flax chips and wood fragments are separated from each other, e.g. removed by means of conveyor belts.

If the removal of the round timber 1 is to be more than 5 mm, then several arrangements according to the invention can be connected in series to form a system. Since the distance of the rollers 5, 6 to one another and the distance between the knife carriers 13 carrying the knives 12 can be adjusted, it is not only possible to set the mutual distances fully automatically after optical measurement of the round wood 1 (round wood diameter) without contact. It is also possible to return the log 1 to the starting point and a new contouring with reduced roller distance 5, 6 and closer knife distance 12.

As shown in FIG. 1, the processing of the round timber 1 leads to a more flattened cross-section 14. In order to finally obtain a beam in the form of a clean, valuable squared timber in addition to the special dimensionally accurate flat chips, the processed round timber 1 becomes after passing through the arrangement 1 rotated by 90 ° and pushed again through this or a similar arrangement of contour rollers 5, 6 and knife station (knife 12). If there is no turning or turning of the round timber 1 by 90 °, then the arrangement according to FIG. 1 can be followed by an analogous arrangement, but with rollers 5, 6 lying and cutting edges of each pair of blades lying horizontally one above the other. In Fig. 1, an end cross-section 15 is shown after only one pass of the arrangement at the end of the arrangement. Furthermore, a cross section 16 follows, which results after all-sided processing in the sense of the invention. With broken lines, multiple contour rolling with multiple removal, e.g. 4 x 5 mm, each indicated in 1 mm stitches. Finally, the core remains e.g. square core cross section 17, which corresponds to the square timber.

A special feature can be seen in FIGS. 2 and 4 and 5. The vertical short knives 9 for the front edge and the end edge of the flat chip to be produced do not directly adjoin one another along a generatrix of the roller cylinder, but are offset from one another on the circumference. As a result, the rollers 5, 6 are loaded much more uniformly than in the case of short cutting edges lying directly one above the other. This offset of the cutting edges 9 on the rollers 5, 6 and in FIG. 4 can be seen in FIG. 2 on the basis of part of a development. The cutting or cutting platelets 9 can also be inclined, as is shown by the sectional view (raster) in the development according to FIG. 5. If these inclined cutting edges roll on the log 1, then these inclined cutting edges not only insert one after the other, that is to say one after the other, but particularly softly in the sense of a pulling cut. The inclination in one direction or between the knife disc planes can be CO ot to

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applied. The rollers for the contouring engage positively in the log and thus support the feed.

It should be added that, as mentioned at the beginning, processed logs can also be used, for example in the form of boards with flat sides that have already been processed, so that only the narrow sides up to the desired width of the board can be processed into flakes with the arrangement according to the invention. A turning of this starting product and machining of the flat sides is not necessary. When machining the

Flat sides can be preceded by a stripper stage for the contouring and the dimensions. Instead of the boards mentioned, finished or semi-finished square timbers can also be provided as target product (in addition to the target product flax chipboard), on which then only the volume transverse to these sides is also available for flax chipboard production according to the invention.

If a chipper stage precedes the contouring and measuring of exact flat chips, then rotating disks, especially truncated cone disks with knives can be used for chopping or milling for this first operation, which themselves lead to flat chips (but with dimensions that do not match exactly). Such chipper discs are e.g. described in AT 2883 U.

Claims

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17. The arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the rollers (5, 6; 21, 22) of one or more pairs of rollers for piercing or pressing in the grid are designed as pull-out rollers or pull-out roller pairs of an upstream clamping device (A1, A2). 18. Arrangement according to claim 17, characterized in that the chucking device or the chucking devices (A1, A2) feed rollers (23, 24; 29, 30) for preferably debarked logs (1) or the like, chip knife or rotating chip plates (25, 26; 31, 32) for producing mutually parallel reference planes on the round timber (1) or the like and then have the rollers (5, 6; 21, 22), which at the same time pull-out rollers of the clamping devices (Ai, A2) and contouring rollers of the subsequent flat clamping devices (F1, F2). 19. Arrangement according to claims 17 or 18, characterized in that a clamping device (Ai) with contouring rollers (5, 6; 21, 22), a turning device (W) for rotating the round timber (1) or the like about its longitudinal - Axis through 90 ° and then another chucking device (A2) with contouring rollers (5, 6; 21, 22) is connected downstream and then the knives (12; 27, 28; 33, 34) of the flat chipping devices (F1, F2) are subordinate. 20. Arrangement according to claims 17 or 18, characterized in that a clamping device (Ai) with contouring rollers (5, 6; 21, 22) a return and turning device (W) by 90 ° for a second pass through the clamping device (Ai ) for flattening the sides of the round wood offset by 90 °. 21. Arrangement according to claims 17 or 18, characterized in that a clamping device (Ai, A2) with rollers (5, 6; 21, 22) for extracting and contouring two parallel sides, the knives (12; 27, 28; 33, 34) a flat chipping device (Fi, F2) and after a turning device (W) by 90 °, another chucking device (A1, A2) for the other two parallel sides and another flat chipping device (F., F2) follow. 22. Arrangement according to one of claims 17 to 21, characterized in that of several, in particular three pairs of pull-out rolls of a pull-out roll group, at least one is equipped with contour-forming rolls (5, 6; 21, 22) and the double function of pulling out of the clamping device ( Ai, A2) and contouring for the flat chip device (F1, F2). 23. Arrangement according to one of claims 17 to 22, characterized in that the pull-out roller groups are each equipped with rollers (5, 6; 21, 22) which either have a longitudinal contour in the feed direction or a transverse contour in the axial direction of the rollers (5, 6; 21, 22).