WO2000033450A1 - Sperrwandler - Google Patents
Sperrwandler Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000033450A1 WO2000033450A1 PCT/AT1999/000298 AT9900298W WO0033450A1 WO 2000033450 A1 WO2000033450 A1 WO 2000033450A1 AT 9900298 W AT9900298 W AT 9900298W WO 0033450 A1 WO0033450 A1 WO 0033450A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- transistor
- effect transistor
- field effect
- fet
- flyback converter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
- H02M3/325—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33576—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
Definitions
- the invention relates to a flyback converter with a transformer, with a primary winding and with at least one secondary winding, the primary winding being connected in series with a controlled switch to an input voltage, and a rectifier element and a charging capacitor being connected downstream of the secondary winding.
- Flyback converters as power supply devices have become known in a large number of designs, with a DC voltage, which may be obtained by rectification from an AC voltage network, being converted by means of the flyback converter into a generally electrically isolated DC output voltage.
- the switching frequencies are generally above the hearing range.
- Flyback converters are known, for example, from Hirschmann / Hauenstein, "Switching Power Supplies", Verlag Siemens 1990, Thiel, “Professional Switching Power Supply Applications”, Franzis Verlag 1996, Kilgenstein, “Switching Power Supplies in Practice", Vogel specialist book 1988, WO 94/22 207 and DE 196 13 136 AI.
- flyback converter The function of a flyback converter is also assumed to be known, as are the control circuits which can be used to control the controlled switch and which are also described in more detail in the references mentioned above.
- the rectifier element is designed as a field-effect transistor, which can be switched via a drive transistor, the gate being connected to a load resistor of the transistor, and the load resistor in series with its collector-emitter path on a transformer. Secondary voltage is.
- the invention takes advantage of the peculiarity of a field effect transistor that it has an essentially constant and low resistance in the forward direction, whereas the diodes usually used for rectification have an essentially constant one Show forward voltage (lock voltage) on the order of half a volt. Because of the low gate-source resistance value, the losses in a field-effect transistor, for example at least in the case of not very high currents, remain a factor 5 below that of a rectifier diode.
- the base current can be supplied to the base of the drive transistor via a parallel RC element. On the one hand, this results in the field-effect transistor being switched on very quickly, and on the other hand, the base current of the switching transistor is maintained for the required duration.
- the breakdown voltage of the emitter-base section of the switching transistor is usually not very high, it is recommended in many cases if a protective diode is located in series with the emitter-collector section of the drive transistor, the forward direction of which corresponds to that of the emitter-base section.
- a tried and tested embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the field effect transistor is an n-channel field effect transistor, which is connected between one end of a secondary winding and the negative terminal of the charging capacitor, whereas the other end of the secondary winding is connected to the positive terminal of the charging capacitor, the drive transistor is a pnp transistor, the collector of which is on the one hand connected to the negative terminal of the charging capacitor via the load resistor, and on the other hand is connected to the gate of the field effect transistor, and the parallel RC element between the drain of the field effect Transistor and base of the drive transistor is.
- the protective diode can lie between the emitter of the drive transistor and the positive terminal of the charging capacitor.
- FIG. 1 shows the basic circuit of a first embodiment of the invention
- Fig. 2 shows a circuit of a second embodiment of the invention
- Fig. 3 shows the course of the main currents and voltages of a flyback converter according to the invention in a diagram.
- a flyback converter has a transformer Tr with a primary winding W p and a secondary winding W s .
- a switch Sp controlled by a control circuit AST is connected to an input DC voltage Ue, which usually represents an intermediate circuit voltage, which is obtained by rectification and smoothing from an AC network.
- Ue which usually represents an intermediate circuit voltage, which is obtained by rectification and smoothing from an AC network.
- the corresponding rectifier and charging capacitor are not shown since they have nothing directly to do with the invention.
- the field effect transistor FET with its source at the negative pole of the output voltage has an integrated diode D, and is to be controlled so that it switches in synchronized relationship with the controlled switch Sp and rectifies the secondary voltage across the winding W s .
- a switching transistor T 8 is provided here, a pn-p transistor, the collector of which lies on the one hand at the gate of the field-effect transistor and on the other hand via a load resistor R GS at the negative pole of the output voltage.
- the emitter is connected via a diode Ds connected in the forward direction to one end of the secondary winding W s or to the positive pole of the output voltage U A , whereas the other end of the secondary winding W "is connected to the drain of the field effect transistor.
- the base of the switching transistor T s is connected via a protective resistor R, and a parallel RC element R, C to that end of the secondary winding at which the drain of the field effect transistor is also located.
- the circuit also indicates that a control signal S R can be supplied to the control circuit AST.
- the regulation of flyback converters is part of the state of the art and is well known to the person skilled in the art; it can be carried out, for example, by comparing the output voltage U A with a reference voltage and a control signal derived therefrom, an optocoupler often being used between the secondary and primary side, so that the control signal S R supplied to the control circuit AST is galvanically decoupled from the secondary side or the output voltage U A.
- the control signal SR can also be derived from an additional winding of the transformer Tr, in particular if no high demands are made on the control accuracy.
- a current control and a combined current / voltage control can also be carried out in the same way.
- the primary current I P through the primary winding W P rises periodically, each time after switching on of the switch S p by the drive circuit AST substantially dVeieckfbrmig so long until the primary switch S p öflhet again. This results in a triangular current over a first time period Ti. During this time period the primary voltage across the winding W P> the voltage U P is constant. After opening the switch, the primary current Ip during a time period T 2 is equal to zero and the secondary current I s would drop in a triangular shape, complementary to the primary current I P, during this time period T 2 after the switch-off.
- the secondary voltage Us is a rectangular voltage in phase opposition to the primary voltage U P.
- the current at the beginning is high due to the capacitor C and causes the switching transistor T s to turn on, which subsequently also leads to the field-effect transistor FET turning on, since a correspondingly positive voltage across the load resistor R ⁇ of the switching transistor T s drops and lies at the gate of the field effect transistor FET.
- T A which can only be in the nano-second range, if switching frequencies in the order of magnitude of, for example, 50 to 100 kHz are assumed.
- a rectifier diode results in a power loss of around 0.5 W, in a field effect transistor with a path resistance of approx. 40 m ⁇ a power loss of only about 0.1 W.
- a load resistor R L when there is a load on the secondary side, here a load resistor R L has been drawn in, the primary switch S p remains switched on longer, thus more energy is stored in the transformer and the secondary side is also demagnetized longer.
- the field effect transistor FET remains switched on for a longer period, so that it is switched on for different lengths depending on the load.
- the RC element R, C is of course dimensioned such that the field effect transistor is switched through as soon as possible (short time T A ) and that the field effect transistor is definitely switched off before the demagnetization is complete. Closing the field effect transistor too early, as well as opening it too late, would lead to a short-circuit-like state and thus to power losses. It should also be noted that even if the control of the field effect transistor FET fails, the circuit works in principle, even if with higher losses, since then the diode Di acts as a conventional rectifier diode.
- the variant according to FIG. 2 is characterized in that a second secondary winding WS is provided in order to achieve a higher voltage for carrying out the switching operations if the output voltage U A is only low and is of the order of 3 V, for example.
- the voltages of the diode D s and the transistor T s in the forward direction would lead to voltage drops, which may no longer guarantee a safe switching.
- the protective diode Ds is intended to prevent a voltage breakdown of the base-emitter path of the switching transistor T s .
- the breakdown voltage of this base-emitter path is only a few volts, so that this path would be endangered at higher voltages on the secondary side.
- the protection diode Ds is therefore used, which can have a breakdown voltage of the order of 40 V, for example, in order to protect the base-emitter path of the transistor Ts.
- the protective resistor Rs also protects the switching transistor T s , in this case from an excessively high base current.
- time period T E is drawn longer than the time period T A at the beginning of the secondary current, which is to point out that time period T E is not particularly critical, since the current is already low here and any losses in the integrated diode Di no longer impact as much as at the beginning of the secondary current flow.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
- Rectifiers (AREA)
- Power Conversion In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| HU0105222A HUP0105222A3 (en) | 1998-12-02 | 1999-12-02 | Isolating transformer |
| CZ20011923A CZ20011923A3 (cs) | 1998-12-02 | 1999-12-02 | Blokovací měnič |
| EP99973191A EP1135849A1 (de) | 1998-12-02 | 1999-12-02 | Sperrwandler |
| NO20012618A NO20012618L (no) | 1998-12-02 | 2001-05-29 | Isolerende transformator |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT0203798A AT409689B (de) | 1998-12-02 | 1998-12-02 | Sperrwandler |
| ATA2037/98 | 1998-12-02 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2000033450A1 true WO2000033450A1 (de) | 2000-06-08 |
Family
ID=3526443
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/AT1999/000298 Ceased WO2000033450A1 (de) | 1998-12-02 | 1999-12-02 | Sperrwandler |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1135849A1 (de) |
| AT (1) | AT409689B (de) |
| CZ (1) | CZ20011923A3 (de) |
| HU (1) | HUP0105222A3 (de) |
| NO (1) | NO20012618L (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2000033450A1 (de) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3605417C1 (en) * | 1986-02-20 | 1987-07-09 | Ant Nachrichtentech | Rectifier circuit |
| DE3727170A1 (de) * | 1987-08-14 | 1989-02-23 | Philips Patentverwaltung | Gleichspannungswandler mit einem uebertrager |
| US4942510A (en) * | 1989-12-04 | 1990-07-17 | Motorola, Inc. | Power and signal transfer interface circuit |
| US5396412A (en) * | 1992-08-27 | 1995-03-07 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Synchronous rectification and adjustment of regulator output voltage |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4106915A1 (de) * | 1991-03-05 | 1992-09-10 | Ant Nachrichtentech | Stromversorgungseinrichtung nach dem schaltreglerprinzip |
-
1998
- 1998-12-02 AT AT0203798A patent/AT409689B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1999
- 1999-12-02 CZ CZ20011923A patent/CZ20011923A3/cs unknown
- 1999-12-02 EP EP99973191A patent/EP1135849A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-12-02 HU HU0105222A patent/HUP0105222A3/hu unknown
- 1999-12-02 WO PCT/AT1999/000298 patent/WO2000033450A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2001
- 2001-05-29 NO NO20012618A patent/NO20012618L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3605417C1 (en) * | 1986-02-20 | 1987-07-09 | Ant Nachrichtentech | Rectifier circuit |
| DE3727170A1 (de) * | 1987-08-14 | 1989-02-23 | Philips Patentverwaltung | Gleichspannungswandler mit einem uebertrager |
| US4942510A (en) * | 1989-12-04 | 1990-07-17 | Motorola, Inc. | Power and signal transfer interface circuit |
| US5396412A (en) * | 1992-08-27 | 1995-03-07 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Synchronous rectification and adjustment of regulator output voltage |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATA203798A (de) | 2002-02-15 |
| HUP0105222A3 (en) | 2003-02-28 |
| NO20012618L (no) | 2001-07-24 |
| CZ20011923A3 (cs) | 2002-07-17 |
| NO20012618D0 (no) | 2001-05-29 |
| HUP0105222A2 (hu) | 2002-04-29 |
| EP1135849A1 (de) | 2001-09-26 |
| AT409689B (de) | 2002-10-25 |
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