WO2000046492A1 - Black smoke/particulates controlling device for diesel engines and auxiliary device for exhaust gas reduction - Google Patents

Abstract

A low-cost black smoke/particulate controlling device capable of trapping black smoke and particulate substances and regenerating filters efficiently when a diesel engine exhaust gas temperature in a secondary filter room is up to 260 DEG., and a device capable of assisting in reducing exhaust gas such as nitrogen oxides by using a clean exhaust gas in an EGR room. When exhaust gas enters at an exhaust gas inlet in a black smoke/particulate substances controlling device (13) in the figure, it is admitted to a radiation box (40) to be cooled. Finally, particulate substances are trapped by a PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) fiber membrane filter (19) and the exhaust gas passes an inner flat-plate retainer (5) to be exhausted from an exhaust outlet (9). A clean exhaust gas left the exhaust outlet (9) of the controlling device, when used for the EGR device, can reduce nitrogen oxides.

Description

 Description Diesel engine black smoke and particulate matter purification equipment and exhaust gas reduction assistance

Technical field

 The present invention relates to a diesel engine exhaust purification device and an exhaust gas reduction auxiliary device, and particularly to exhaust (particulate) black smoke and particulate matter at a heat resistant temperature.

 Using a continuous fiber of 700-1000 ° C or continuous fiber of aluminum at 1400 ° C, it collects sparks and coarse particles, and 0.03 micron particles are collected in the secondary filter. Repair is also possible.-Uses polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) fiber to collect black smoke and particulate matter, and then removes it with a vibration-type sweeping mechanism, exhaust gas, and air. Regeneration is made possible by a back-washing type using exhaust gas and a nozzle injection regeneration method using exhaust gas. In addition, clean exhaust gas from diesel engines can be used to reduce harmful exhaust gas such as N02 by recirculating clean exhaust gas from the outlet. It relates to a reduction assisting device. Background art

 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 9-25813, 9-281034, 9-4436, etc. disclose exhaust gas purifying apparatuses for diesel engines.

The particulate matter and black smoke removal device is a black filter collected by a ceramic filter, such as silicon carbide (Sic) or cordierite, made of a wall-honeycomb cylindrical shape. Smoke and particulate matter can be regenerated by operating the burner at a burner temperature of about 720 ° C for about 10 minutes to regenerate. Mic eight-cam-shaped cylindrical filter Air flows the particulate matter collected by the filter in the direction opposite to that of the exhaust gas, and the fine particles attached to the wall K are moved to the hopper by gravity. Dropping and incineration with an electric heater. Electric heater by collecting with a ceramic honeycomb filter. Incineration by burners is the mainstream. In addition, there is a bellows-type filter with a wire mesh heater attached to a nonwoven ceramic fiber material (silicon carbide) that burns particulate matter.

The price of a set of ceramic filters is a high cost of ¥ 4.5 million, and currently 60 units are delivered to Yokohama municipal buses. It seems to be necessary.

 It was a “commitment” announced by the Environment Agency on October 2, 1998 when the automobile NOX law was enacted. The air pollution survey showed that the achievement of the standards for fiscal 2000 was hopeless.

According to the Environment Agency, today, the Nitrogen Oxide Environmental Standards (0.04 pp) at the “Automobile Exhaust Gas Monitoring Bureau” (172) installed along the main roads in six prefectures in Chiba, Kanagawa, Saitama, Osaka, and Hyogo prefectures m-0.06 pp m) The achievement rate is 34.3%. The level was flat compared to 1996. Looking at the whole country, the rate of achievement of the Nitrogen Oxide Standard of the Motor Vehicle Administration (410) was 65.7%, and the particulate matter (SPM) mainly emitted from diesel vehicles was 32,9%. All have been low. A comparison of the EU regulation value for particulate matter Euro 2 in Europe with the regulation value for particulate matter (SPM) in Japan in 1994 shows that the regulation is about five times as strict. In the United States, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is embarking on emissions regulations for diesel engines such as automobiles. Decision on regulatory content after an expert meeting in May 1998 obtained data from a health impact study that found that even low concentrations of diesel exhaust gas could cause lung cancer. Final report to be compiled in the summer of 1998. In Japan as well, Dr. Masaru Sagai, Researcher, National Institute for Environmental Studies, has scientifically demonstrated the health hazards caused by diesel exhaust particulates. Its content demonstrated how diesel air particles can cause “urban asthma” that is different from conventional asthma, and this has led to a major change in the flow of pollution litigation. Considering the above situation, it is necessary to provide a low-cost black smoke and particulate matter removal device as soon as possible. Disclosure of the invention

 In order to achieve the above object, the configuration of the present invention does not use expensive ceramic filters and electric heating heaters, and the material of the filters includes an urban waste incinerator. High cost bag filter for dust collection with PTFE (Volatile Fluoroethylene) fiber filter, which has been used for several decades, enables low cost. . The membrane filter is a tough, supple, fine, continuous porous body made by advanced special processing technology. It has a surface filtration function and is hardly clogged. Traditional filter bags relied on dust primary deposition to deposit dust locally, but this primary adhesion could be an obscure cause. This reduced the function of the dust collector: in contrast, the membrane filter knuckle filtered the dust through the surface of the membrane that was laminated to the surface. It has a complete surface filtration function. In other words, there is no need for a primary adhesion layer that causes clogging. Regardless of the type of dust collector, the filter bag has excellent characteristics such as low pressure loss and increased processing air volume.

Since it is 100% PTFE, it has a release system, heat resistance (-240 to + 260 ° C), and chemical resistance (it cannot be used except for molten alkali metal and active fluorine gas). It has all the features. According to the collection efficiency test by a final manufacturer, the collection efficiency of the test powder JIS 1 two-strength one-bon black was 99.99% or more, but the heat resistance temperature was lower. Since the maximum is 260 ^; C, use under 260 or less is required.

The technical challenge is to reduce the exhaust gas temperature to 260 ° C or less using a radiator. For this purpose, the use of a stand-alone mini-cyclone that also functions as a radiator, aluminum with good heat dissipation characteristics, etc., and installation of a membrane filter, heat sink, etc. on the side of the main unit, You can use the filter for a longer time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 is a partial filter cut-away front sectional view showing a device for purifying black smoke and particulate matter according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 2 shows the finalizer unit.

Figure 3 shows the black smoke, particulate matter purification device, and the outer structure.

FIG. 4 is a side view of the membrane filter bag.

Figure 5 shows a thin retainer _c

FIG. 6 is a front view of the thin retainer.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional plan view of the apparatus for purifying black smoke and particulate matter. The exhaust gas is injected from the nozzle to directly regenerate the membrane filter bag.

FIG. 8 is a side sectional view of FIG. 7 in the same manner.

Figure 9 shows a box for collecting black smoke and particulate matter.

Fig. 10 is a front sectional view of the dust collection box.

Fig. 11 shows the structure of the valve.

Fig. 12 shows a black smoke and particulate matter purification device, and a membrane filter. Vibration fine contact type

FIG. 13 is a front cross-sectional view of the regeneration method. FIG. 13 is a plan cross-sectional view of FIG. Black smoke and particulate matter purification equipment

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the fine vibration contact type shown in FIG. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

 In order to explain the present invention in more detail, this will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 shows a structure of a first embodiment of a device for purifying diesel engine black smoke and particulate matter and an auxiliary device for reducing exhaust gas according to the present invention. The filter regeneration method used exhaust gas and air. This is a backwash method. When using the filter, the exhaust gas inlet of 13 and the valve of 15 are taken, and the flue of 16 enters the black smoke and particulate matter purifier through the flue of 16.

From the exhaust gas collecting box of 6, take the flue of 7, take the exhaust valve when using the filter of 8 and take the exhaust valve when using the filter of 9 from the exhaust outlet. Emitted. At this time, close the valve for normal use in 11. When this valve is opened, the black smoke and particulate matter purifier will not be used. Also, the valve used for backwashing in step 17 is also closed. When the pressure sensor reaches the target value, the filter is regenerated, and the filter is connected via the black smoke and particulate matter discharge port of 10. Open the 25 dust collection box valve in Fig. 9 and then close the 8 and 15 valves. When the 17 backwash valve is opened, the exhaust gas takes 18, 7 and 6. Pull out the filter from the retainer of No. 5, take 10 and go out through the 28 exhaust outlet of Fig. 10 to perform backwash. Finish in minutes.

The black smoke and particulate matter purifying apparatus of the present invention has three regeneration methods, and can be used in appropriate combination. Fig. 7 shows the second playback method. And the nozzle injection regeneration system using exhaust gas shown in Fig. 8, and the order of regeneration is the same as the valve operation in the backwash system shown in Fig. 2. The black smoke and particulate matter purifying device of the nozzle injection regeneration system was injected from the nozzles of the 23 injection pipes when the filter was used, and the exhaust gas was 19, 5, 6, 7 , 8, and 9 are emitted. (2) When the pressure sensor reaches the target value, as shown in Fig. 7, it is injected from the nozzle of the injection pipe (23) installed next to the membrane filter. As in the case of the backwashing method, the exhaust gas is discharged from the exhaust outlet at 28 because the valve 25 in the dust collection box in Fig. 9 opens and the exhaust valve opens when the filter 8 is used. Go outside. Playback time is about 1-2 minutes. At this time, black smoke and particulate matter are also sent to the 27 heat-resistant dust collection pack. This heat-resistant dust-collecting pack should be replaced and used as needed. The dust-collecting box 24 can be dust-collected by an electric motor, and dust can be collected at any time. You can do this.

As a third regeneration method, the scraper of 32 shown in Fig. 12, Fig. 13, and Fig. 14 vibrates up and down to the membrane filter of 19. Regeneration is performed by making a slight contact, and the operation sequence of the valve during the regeneration uses exhaust gas and air. The same applies to the backwashing method and the exhaust injection regeneration method. In the on-road driving test, as a result of conducting a driving test on December 30, 1998, January 3 and 4, and 2-ton track, good collection performance and feasibility were obtained. I was able to get the best playback function

The size of the filter used was a flat hollow type with a width of 120 and a length of 300, and four filters were used. Approximately 5 hours operating time Engine rotation speed 700-3800

Secondary filter Single chamber pressure 0.15 Kilogram, gear ratio used Second side used

In city driving, the temperature of one room of the secondary filter was the highest at about 180 degrees.

In high-speed driving, the gears are set to the engine speed of 3800 and the speed of 70 keys. The mouth of the secondary filter after running for 20 minutes The temperature of the secondary filter room temperature 2 266 degrees The temperature of the primary filter room temperature 290 degrees was recorded, the configuration of the black smoke and particulate matter purification device is shown in Fig. 1 3 Fig. 1 When the exhaust gas enters from the inlet pipe of No. 6, first the hot gas filter collects sparks and coarse particles. This fiber uses fire-continuous fiber with a heat-resistant temperature of 700 or aluminum continuous fiber with a heat-resistant temperature of 1400 ° C to collect sparks and coarse particles. This thickness is on the order of 0.6 mm to 0.8 mm. Furthermore, there is a wire mesh such as SUS316, which also catches sparks and coarse particles.

Next, the space partitioned by the ceramic insulation sheet

pass. Finally, it passes through the PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) fiber membrane filter 19, passes through the flat plate retainer 15 inside the filter 1, and exits to the exhaust port 9 .

The above-mentioned PTFE (volume tetrafluoroethylene) fiber membrane filter has a heat resistant temperature of 260 ° C. Therefore, when the temperature is 260 ° C or more, the temperature sensor or speed Control the temperature with a sensor, etc. so that the temperature does not exceed 260 ° C. For example, stop using the filter at a set temperature of 230 ° C and use a normal muffler. Can be switched to.

The above-mentioned operation of the switching valve can be performed by a motor, air cylinder, or electric cylinder, but it can also be performed by wire-type manual operation to save cost. You.

As a safety device, an independent automatic safety valve, the pressure sensor operates the switching valve when the filter becomes clogged.

Drive with a normal muffler.

 Large trucks, etc., to improve the heat dissipation of the exhaust gas purifier so that the exhaust gas temperature does not exceed 260 ° C

If there is space for installation, heat radiation can be promoted by using a mini cyclone, and dust collection reduces pressure loss. There is an advantage that can be done: As a measure against heat radiation and pressure rise, the effect of preventing heat radiation and pressure rise by installing the membrane filter shown in Fig. 19 on the outside. It was confirmed that the temperature inside the exhaust gas purification device did not rise to 260 ° C during normal operation by using a material with good heat dissipation such as aluminum for the exhaust gas purification device. . In the same way, the running test in August 2009 was conducted using the same two-ton displacement 4000cc filter, size 380, height 500 and length 500, and traveled 200 km. The collected black smoke and particulate matter amounted to about 800 grams. ₌ In September 1997, the running test was about 360 grams on a 4-ton car running on a 68-kilo meter. Were collected. As a heat dissipation measure, use a metal with good heat dissipation properties, such as aluminum. Attach the heat radiation fin to the main unit and muffler.

Optionally, also install heat noise.

The vibration of the wiping mechanism utilizes the vibration of the car, and the wiping device removes the fine particles adhering to the filter surface by the vibration of the spring.

A constant vibration type wiping-off mechanism. The second method is a camshaft that oscillates in a constant cycle in order to extend the life of the filter.

As a third type, a motor-driven type, there is a non-contact backwash type filter-regenerative type filter.

Recirculating clean exhaust gas to the intake pipe of the engine can also be used to reduce nitrogen oxides. Fig. 11 2 9

For the valve material, use a heat-resistant packing such as expanded black smoke braided packing that has a heat-resistant temperature of 600.

Industrial applicability

According to the present invention, the performance of the filter for collecting black smoke and particulate matter is high, and by using aluminum for the main body, heat dissipation is improved and the weight is reduced Also, the cost is low. Separating the radiator with a part of the filter increases the degree of freedom of the mounting base and the size of the secondary filter. Therefore, vertical type and horizontal type in backwash type are also possible, making it possible to manufacture thin type-

Claims

The scope of the claims 1. Primary filter The shape of the primary filter is cylindrical or flat, etc. The material is a wire mesh such as SUS316 which has a heat-resistant temperature of 600 ° C and a continuous fiber for filtering and removing high-temperature gas air. CTC— 1 000 ° C) Use continuous aluminum fiber (heat-resistant temperature 1400 ° C).  For the secondary filter, use a PTF E (Volatile Fluoroethylene) fiber membrane filter. In principle, PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) fiber is used as the base material for the PT FE (polytetrafluoroethylene) fiber membrane.  Depending on the cost and specifications, a glass woven fabric substrate may also be used. The thickness of this filter is 0.25-0.9 mm. The structure of the secondary fin is the flat type and the thickness is about 3-10mm.  The inside of the filter is also made of a plate-like aluminum or a perforated metal of SUS 316 in the same manner. 2. To remove the collected particulate matter, make a fine vibration contact parallel to the flat filter: 5-10mm thick, flat aluminum wider than the flat filter Punching metal such as SUS 316 is hollowed out and processed into a flat plate shape, and heat-resistant steel fibers are stuck to the outside and used. A fixed size is obtained by attaching the flat plate of the scraping off with a compression coil spring or the like to generate vibration, and rotating the cam shaft by driving the motor with the compression coil spring or the like. The shaker can be vibrated with a crutch. For this reason, it is possible to extend the life of the membrane filter. The main body is made of aluminum or the like, and more heat sinks are attached to the outside of the main body. Diesel engine black smoke and particulate matter purifying equipment and exhaust gas reduction auxiliary equipment that can be used below 260 degrees 3. The exhaust gas purifier can be used to reduce the exhaust gas such as nitrogen oxides by introducing the clean exhaust gas obtained into the EGR recirculation device. Gin black smoke, particulate matter purification equipment and exhaust gas reduction auxiliary equipment. 4. Use a temperature sensor, a speed sensor, etc., and set the switching valve made of aluminum or the like manually, using a temperature sensor and a speed sensor so that the exhaust gas temperature does not exceed 260 degrees, a motor, and an air cylinder. (1) It is operated by an electric cylinder-type, and the use of the filter is switched to a normal muffler. And exhaust gas reduction auxiliary equipment. 5. Filters that regenerate filters using exhaust gas and air A backwash diesel engine purifier for purifying black smoke and particulate matter, and an auxiliary device for reducing exhaust gas. 6. A black smoke and particulate matter purifying device and exhaust gas reduction auxiliary device with a filter as a unit structure that facilitates installation, maintenance, and replacement. A black smoke, particulate matter purification device and exhaust gas reduction auxiliary device to which the fin unit and radiator can be individually installed. 8. Nozzle injection regeneration system using exhaust gas. Exhaust gas is introduced into a single membrane filter in a chamber with a diameter of 1.5-2 mm in a small-diameter elliptical pipe, and placed around 5 mm next to the filter. . When the filter is regenerated, the exhaust gas injected from the nozzle by opening the valve of the dust collection button and closing the exhaust outlet valve is in order. Drop the dust adhering to the filter, transport the dust to the dust collection box, and regenerate it. 9. Use a membrane filter on the outside of the body to prevent temperature and pressure rise. In the present invention, since the heat resistance temperature of the membrane filter is limited to 260 ° C, it is important to keep the temperature of the filter room within 260 ° C. This proved to be a great effect of the test drive. 10. Thin and lightweight heat-resistant valve with integrated heat dissipation box. The heat-resistant valve can be made thinner and lighter by processing the heat-resistant valve integrally with the heat-dissipating box in order to satisfy heat dissipation efficiency and weight reduction. 1 1 .10-strength tri-final note. It is desirable to reduce the weight of the filter by around 10 kg in consideration of maintenance. Therefore, the cartridges can be reduced to 5 or 7 stations according to the specifications. By processing, it has a structure that can be easily installed and removed. 1 2.3 Millimeter Thin Retainer. The flat filter can be made thinner by making the thickness of the retainer thinner. The thin retainer according to the present invention is a 1 mm thick aluminum punched plate with a recess of about 5 mm in diameter and 3 mm in depth, and a pitch of 30 mm in length and 30 mm in width. The weight is reduced by making the recess inside the retainer 3 mm by making a dent. 1 3. Dust collection box using exhaust gas. When the dust is regenerated, the dust is collected in a dust bag when the exhaust gas passes through the dust collection box and is discharged outside.  1 4. Electric dust collection box. The feature is that dust collection is possible at any time other than during regeneration.