WO1999035177A1 - Procede de synthese de polymeres a blocs par polymerisation radicalaire controlee a partir de composes dithiocarbamates - Google Patents
Procede de synthese de polymeres a blocs par polymerisation radicalaire controlee a partir de composes dithiocarbamatesInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999035177A1 WO1999035177A1 PCT/FR1998/002867 FR9802867W WO9935177A1 WO 1999035177 A1 WO1999035177 A1 WO 1999035177A1 FR 9802867 W FR9802867 W FR 9802867W WO 9935177 A1 WO9935177 A1 WO 9935177A1
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Links
- 0 C*SC(NCCc1c(C)cccc1)=S Chemical compound C*SC(NCCc1c(C)cccc1)=S 0.000 description 1
- XFTUNCXFMDAKCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)(C#N)SC(N(C(C)(C)CO1)C1=O)=S Chemical compound CC(C)(C#N)SC(N(C(C)(C)CO1)C1=O)=S XFTUNCXFMDAKCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YNTOKMNHRPSGFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCOC(N)=O Chemical compound CCCOC(N)=O YNTOKMNHRPSGFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RQWFTVSRBYTDGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCOC(C(C(OCC)=O)SC(N(C(CO1)c2ccccc2)C1=O)=S)=O Chemical compound CCOC(C(C(OCC)=O)SC(N(C(CO1)c2ccccc2)C1=O)=S)=O RQWFTVSRBYTDGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F293/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerisation on to a macromolecule having groups capable of inducing the formation of new polymer chains bound exclusively at one or both ends of the starting macromolecule
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/38—Polymerisation using regulators, e.g. chain terminating agents, e.g. telomerisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F293/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerisation on to a macromolecule having groups capable of inducing the formation of new polymer chains bound exclusively at one or both ends of the starting macromolecule
- C08F293/005—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerisation on to a macromolecule having groups capable of inducing the formation of new polymer chains bound exclusively at one or both ends of the starting macromolecule using free radical "living" or "controlled" polymerisation, e.g. using a complexing agent
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a new radical polymerization process giving access to block copolymers.
- Block copolymers are usually prepared by ionic polymerization. This type of polymerization has several disadvantages: - it only allows the polymerization of certain types of apolar monomers, in particular styrene and butadiene,
- Radical polymerization has the advantage of being easily carried out without excessive purity conditions being met and at temperatures equal to or above ambient.
- the macroradicals which have a very short life time, recombine irreversibly by coupling or dismutation.
- the variation in composition of the mixture is infinitely small compared to the life of the macroradical so that the chains have a sequence of statistical monomer units and not a sequence sequence.
- controlled radical polymerization proceeds by growth by propagation of macroradicals.
- Several techniques of controlled radical polymerization are now known, in which the ends of polymer chains can be reactivated in the form of a radical by homolytic cleavage of bond (for example C-O, or C-Halogen).
- Controlled radical polymerization therefore has the following distinctive aspects:
- the average molecular weight is controlled by the monomer / chain precursor molar ratio, 4. the possibility of preparing block copolymers.
- the controlled nature is all the more marked when the speed of consumption of the chain precursor is very high compared to the speed of chain growth
- Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization uses transition metal salts associated with organic ligands and a primer generally consisting of an organic halide; control of the polymerization is made possible by the reversible activation of the C-Halogen bond (Matyjaszewski K., PCT WO 96/30421).
- a disadvantage of this polymerization is that it requires a stoichiometric amount of metal per precursor chain.
- the principle is based on the photolysis of the C-S bond which regenerates the carbonaceous macroradical, on the one hand, and the dithiocarbamyl radical, on the other hand.
- the controlled nature of the reaction is due to the reversibility of the C-S bond under UV irriadiation. It is thus possible to obtain block copolymers.
- the speed of exchange in propagating species and "dormant" species of reaction 1 above is not very large compared to the speed of propagation, which has the consequence of generating relatively large molecular mass distributions.
- xanthates and dithiocarbamate disulphides are themselves well known as transfer agents in conventional radical polymerization in thermal mode and in the presence of initiator, but none has to date made it possible to control the polymerization, even less to produce block copolymers.
- Controlled radical polymerization using a source of UV irradiation is however very difficult to implement, particularly from an industrial point of view, since the penetration of UV photons into the polymerization medium is limited, both by phenomena of 'absorption (most ethylenic monomers absorb in the range 210-280 nm), only by diffusion phenomena in dispersed media (suspension, emulsion).
- Controlled radical polymerization has an advantage over conventional radical polymerization when it comes to preparing low molecular weight and functionalized chains (reactive telomeres). Such polymers are sought after for specific applications such as, for example, coatings and adhesives.
- the fraction of chains with at most one functional site becomes significant when the average degree of polymerization is less than a threshold value (eg 20 or 30).
- a threshold value eg 20 or 30.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a new process for controlled radical polymerization for the synthesis of block polymers from dithiocarbamates
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a new process for controlled radical polymerization for the synthesis of block polymers from dithiocarbamates in the absence of UV source. Another object is to provide a process for controlled radical polymerization for synthesis block polymers from all types of monomers
- Another aim is to propose a controlled radical polymerization process for the synthesis of block polymers containing no metallic impurities harmful to their use
- Another object is to propose a controlled radical polymerization process for the synthesis of block copolymers, said polymers being functionalized at the end of the chain.
- Another object is to propose a controlled radical polymerization process for the synthesis of polymers and block copolymers having a low polydispersity index.
- Another aim is to propose a controlled radical polymerization process for the synthesis of oligomers having a constant rate of chain-to-chain functions.
- the invention relates to a process for the preparation of block polymers of general formula (IA) or (IB):
- R 1 represents: • an optionally substituted (i) alkyl, acyl, aryl, alken or alkyne group, or
- R 2 and R 3 identical or different, represent:
- alkoxycarbonyl or aryloxycarbonyl (-COOR), carboxy (-COOH), acyloxy (-0 2 CR), carbamoyl (-CONR), cyano (-CN), alkylcarbonyl, alkylarylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylalkylcarbonyl, phthalimido, maleimido, succinimido , amidino, guanidimo, hydroxy (-OH), amino (-NR 2 ), halogen, allyl, epoxy, alkoxy (-OR), S-alkyl, S-aryl,
- groups having a hydrophilic or ionic character such as the alkali metal salts of carboxylic acids, the alkali metal salts of sulfonic acid, the polyalkylene oxide chains (POE, POP), the cationic substituents (quaternary ammonium salts), R representing an alkyl or aryl group, and, for at least R 2 or R 3 , these groups and rings (i), (ii) and (iii) induce a delocalization or electro-attractor effect with respect to the density electronics of the nitrogen atom to which R 2 and R 3 are linked,
- V, W and W identical or different, represent: H, an alkyl group or a halogen
- - X, X ', Y and Y' represent H, a halogen or a group chosen from R ', OR', OCOR ', NHCOH, OH, NH 2 , NHR ⁇ N (R') 2 , (R ') 2 N + 0 " , NHCOR', C0 2 H, C0 2 R ', CN, CONH 2 , CONHR' or CONR ' 2 , in which R' is chosen from alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl groups , alkene or organosilyl, optionally perfluorinated and optionally substituted by one or more carboxyl, epoxy, hydroxyl, alkoxy, amino, halogen or sulfonic groups, - a and b, identical or different, are worth 0 or 1,
- the process according to the invention therefore consists in bringing into contact a radical polymerization initiator, an ethylenically unsaturated monomer and a precursor of general formula (MA) or (IIB).
- the radical polymerization initiator can be chosen from the initiators conventionally used in radical polymerization. It can for example be one of the following initiators:
- - hydrogen peroxides such as: tertiary butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, t-butyl-peroxyacetate, t-butylperoxybenzoate, t-butylperoxyoctoate, t-butylperoxyneodecanoate, t-butylperoxyisobutyrate, the lauroyl peroxide, t-amylperoxypivalate, t-butylperoxypivalate, dicumyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate,
- - azo compounds such as 2-2'-azob ⁇ s ( ⁇ sobutyron ⁇ tr ⁇ le), 2,2'-azob ⁇ s (2-butanenitrile), 4,4'-azob ⁇ s (4-pentanoic acid), 1, 1 '- azob ⁇ s (cyclohexane- carbonitrile), 2- (t-butylazo) -2-cyanopropane, 2,2'-azob ⁇ s [2-methyl-N- (1, 1) - b ⁇ s (hydroxymethyl) -2-hydroxyethyl] propionamide , 2,2'-azob ⁇ s (2-methyl-N- hydroxyethylj-propionamide, 2,2'-azob ⁇ s (N, N'- dimethyleneisobutyramidme) dichloride, 2,2'-azob ⁇ s (2-am ⁇ d ⁇ nopropane dichloride) ), 2,2'-azobis (N, N'-d ⁇ méthylène ⁇ sobutyram ⁇ de), 2,2'
- - redox systems comprising combinations such as mixtures of hydrogen peroxide, of alkyl, peresters, percarbonates and the like and of any of the iron salts, titanous salts, zinc formaldehyde sulfoxylate or sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate , and reducing sugars, alkali metal or ammonium persulfates, perborates or perchlorates in combination with an alkali metal bisulfite, such as sodium metabisulfite, and reducing sugars, alkali metal persulfates in combination with an acid arylphosphinic, such as benzene phosphonic acid and the like, and reducing sugars
- the amount of initiator to be used is determined so that the amount of radicals generated is at most 25 mol% relative to the amount of compound (IIA) or (MB), even more preferably d '' at most 15% by mole
- the monomers chosen from styrene or its derivatives, butadiene, chloroprene, (meth) acrylic esters, vinyl esters and vinyl nitriles butadiene and chloroprene correspond more specifically to the invention.
- a and b 1 in formulas (IA), (IB), (MA) or (MB) and the formula of the monomer previously given
- (meth) acrylic esters is meant the esters of acrylic acid and of methacrylic acid with hydrogenated or fluorinated C r C 12 alcohols, preferably C r C 8.
- C r C 12 alcohols preferably C r C 8.
- Vinyl nitriles more particularly include those having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, such as in particular acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile It should be noted that the styrene can be replaced in whole or in part by derivatives such as alphamethylstyrene or vinyltoluene
- the other ethylenically unsaturated monomers which can be used alone or in mixtures or which are copolymeric with the above monomers are in particular - vinyl esters of carboxyhque acid such as vinyl acetate,
- - ethylenic unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, fumanic acid and the mono-alkyl esters of dicarboxylic acids of the type mentioned with the alkanols preferably having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and their N-substituted derivatives,
- ethylenic monomers comprising a sulfonic acid group and its alkali or ammonium salts, for example vinylsulfonic acid, vinylbenzene sulfonic acid, ⁇ -acrylamidomethylpropanesulfonic acid, 2-sulfoethylenemethacrylate,
- ethylenic monomers comprising a secondary, tertiary or quaternary amino group, or a heterocyclic group containing nitrogen such as for example vinylpyridines, vinylimidazole, aminoalkyl (meth) acrylates and (meth) acrylamides aminoalkyl such as d ⁇ méthylam ⁇ noéthyl (meth) acrylate, d ⁇ tert ⁇ obutylam ⁇ noéthyl (meth) acrylate, d ⁇ méthylam ⁇ no (meth) acrylarndede II is likewise possible to use zwittenonic monomers such as for example sulfopropyl (d ⁇ méthyl) am ⁇ nopropyle acrylate
- Y H and
- Y ' NH2
- the amides of vinylamine for example vinylformamide or vinylacetamide, are preferably used as ethylenically unsaturated monomers. Then the copolymer obtained is hydrolyzed at acidic or basic pH.
- copolymeric monomers used according to the present invention vary according to the particular final application for which the block polymer is intended. These variations are well known and can be easily determined by a person skilled in the art.
- the "precursor" compound of general formula (IIA) or (IIB) must be a polymer. Therefore, n is greater than or equal to 1, preferably greater than 5.
- the monomer units of this polymer can be the same or different.
- the essential characteristic of the invention derives from the nature of this precursor of general formula (MA) or (MB).
- This precursor (MA) or (IIB) belongs to the family of dithiocarbamates whose function is:
- the nitrogen atom of the dithiocarbamate function must be part of a ring and the other atoms of said ring must have an electro- attractor on the nitrogen doublet of the dithiocarbamate function.
- This cycle Z comprising the nitrogen of the dithiocarbamate function can be of different natures as long as there is an electro-attracting effect on the nitrogen doublet.
- the multi-block polymers of formula (IA) have the same characteristics as regards the Z cycle.
- the Z cycle is a d-based cycle 'carbon atoms.
- the Z cycle can be an aromatic or heteroaromatic cycle.
- the functionalized group is carbonyl. It is also preferable that the functionalized group is directly linked to the nitrogen of the dithiocarbamate function.
- the Z ring can be substituted by at least one of the following groups: alkyl, aryl, alkoxycarbonyl or aryloxycarbonyl (-COOR), carboxy (-COOH), acyloxy (-
- the Z ring can also be substituted by at least one carbon ring or a heterocycle, optionally aromatic and / or substituted by one of the preceding groups. In the latter case, and according to a preferred variant, the ring Z and its cyclic substituent have two common atoms.
- Cycle Z is preferably chosen from one of the following cycles.
- the nitrogen atom of the dithiocarbamate function must be linked to groups R 2 and R 3 , one of which at less induces a delocalization or electron-attracting effect with respect to the electronic density of the nitrogen atom of the dithiocarbamate function.
- R 2 and / or R 3 exert an ⁇ attrator effect.
- R 2 and / or R 3 may represent a carbonyl or (hetero) aromatic group.
- R 2 and / or R 3 exert an ateur attrator effect.
- R 2 and / or R 3 may represent an alkyl group substituted by electro-attritive groups.
- R 1 of the compounds of formula (IA), (IB), (IIA) and (MB) it preferably represents:
- R 11 , R 12 and R 13 represent groups (i), (ii) or (iii) as defined above, or
- R 14 represents a group (i), (ii) or (iii) as defined above.
- S p being between 2 and 10, preferably between 2 and 5.
- the symbols Z and R 1 have the same meaning as above.
- the preferences for its symbols are the same as above.
- the compound of formula (IIIA) is chosen from those of formulas (A) to (E) below:
- the compound of formula (IIIB) is chosen from the compounds of the following formulas:
- the compounds of formula (IIIA) or (IIIB) are generally obtained by reaction of the corresponding amine on CS 2 so as to obtain the salts of formulas:
- Hal-R 1 represents Cl, Br, or I
- the radical polymerization initiators and the ethylenically unsaturated monomers are of the type of those mentioned above.
- This step (2) can be repeated as many times as desired with new monomers to synthesize new blocks and obtain a multiblock polymer.
- the amides of vinylamine for example vinylformamide or vinylacetamide, are preferably used as ethylenically unsaturated monomers. Then the polymer obtained is hydrolyzed at acidic or basic pH.
- vinyl esters of carboxylic acid are preferably used as ethylenically unsaturated monomers, for example l vinyl acetate. Then the polymer obtained is hydrolyzed at acidic or basic pH.
- the invention therefore also relates to a process for the preparation of multiblock polymers, in which the implementation of the process described above is repeated at least once using:
- the product obtained is a block polymer having an additional polymer block.
- the process consists in repeating several times the implementation of the previous process on the block polymer resulting from each previous implementation with different monomers.
- this process for preparing multi-block polymers when it is desired to obtain polymers with homogeneous blocks and not with a composition gradient, and if all the successive polymerizations are carried out in the same reactor, it is essential that all the monomers used during one step has been consumed before the polymerization of the next step begins, therefore before the new monomers are introduced.
- the compounds of formula (IVA) and (IVB) are particularly interesting because they make it possible to grow a polymer chain on at least two active sites. With this type of compound, it is possible to save on polymerization stages in order to obtain a copolymer with n blocks.
- the first block is obtained by polymerization of a monomer M1 in the presence of the compound of formula (IVA) or (IVB).
- This first block can then grow at each of its ends by polymerization of a second monomer M2.
- a triblock copolymer is obtained.
- This triblock copolymer can itself grow at each of its ends by polymerization of a third monomer M3.
- a "pentabloc" copolymer is obtained in only three stages.
- the polymerization is carried out according to any method known to those skilled in the art. It can be carried out in bulk, in solution or in emulsion. The temperature can vary between room temperature and 150 ° C depending on the nature of the monomers used. The process is carried out in the absence of UV source.
- the method according to the invention has the advantage of leading to block polymers having a low polydispersity index.
- the invention therefore also relates to block polymers capable of being obtained by the above process
- polymers generally have a polydispersity index (Ip) of at most 2, preferably at most 1.5.
- the preferred block polymers are those having at least two polymer blocks chosen from the following associations
- precursor polymers of general formula (MA) or (MB) also makes it possible to synthesize polymers having a low polydispersity index.
- These precursor polymers generally have a polydispersity index of at most 2, preferably at most 1.5
- n is greater than or equal to 6
- aqueous phase is recovered and added with 50 ml of ethanol and 16.2 ml of diethyl chloromalonate. Stirring is continued overnight at room temperature and the yellow solution obtained is concentrated in vacuo before being taken up in a solution. saturated aqueous sodium chloride Finally, it is extracted with ether
- reaction medium is then cooled to -20 ° C. and 3.6 ml of CS 2 are added. The solution turns orange. It is stirred for 10 min at -20 ° C. and then 2 hours at 0 ° C. The reaction medium is again cooled to -20 ° C and 4 ml of diethyl chloromalonate are added The solution is stirred for 10 min at -20 ° C, 1 hour at 0 ° C and 1 hour at room temperature
- 66 g of ephedrine are mixed with 72 g of urea The mixture is heated to 170 ° C for 30 minutes then to 200 ° C for 2 hours After cooling to room temperature, 200 ml of water are added The white precipitate which becomes form is filtered and washed with a 5% aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid, then recrystallized from ethanol. 28 g of 1, 5-methyl-4-phenyl-2- ⁇ m ⁇ dazol ⁇ done are obtained with a yield of 37%.
- the aqueous phase is recovered and 100 ml of ethanol are added, then 4 ml of diethyl chloromalonate The stirring is maintained for 2 hours and the reaction medium is taken up in ethyl acetate The organic phase thus obtained is washed with water and then with a saturated solution of sodium chloride before being concentrated in vacuo
- the product is isolated. It is in the form of a beige solid (melting point: 65 ° C). The yield is 85% without purification.
- the temperature is brought to 95 ° C. and 0.03 mmol of lauroyl peroxide (12.8 mg) is added.
- the polymerization lasts 12 hours during which 0.02 mmol of lauroyl peroxide is added every two hours.
- the polymer is recovered by evaporation of the traces of residual monomer and analyzed by G. P.C. in THF medium and in polystyrene equivalents.
- the temperature is brought to 80 ° C. and 0.03 mmol of lauroyl peroxide (12.8 mg) is added.
- the polymerization lasts 6 hours during which 0.02 mmol of lauroyl peroxide is added every two hours.
- the polymer is recovered by vacuum evaporation of the traces of residual monomer and analyzed by G. P.C. in THF medium and in polystyrene equivalents:
- a stock solution is prepared by mixing:
- the polymer is recovered by evaporation of the toluene and of the residual monomer; it is analyzed by GPC in THF medium. The masses are given in polystyrene equivalents. The results obtained are collated in Table 1.
- Example 2.4 ethyl acrylate homopolymer / polymerization kinetics
- a stock solution is prepared by mixing: - 5.533 g of ethyl acrylate,
- AIBN azo-bis-isobutyronitrile
- the temperature is brought to 110 ° C.
- the reaction lasts 24 hours during which several additions of lauroyl peroxide are made:
- the polymer is recovered by evaporation under vacuum of the traces of residual monomer and analyzed by GPC in THF medium and in polystyrene equivalents:
- Example 2.6 Homopolymer of ethyl acrylate
- the polymer is recovered by evaporation under vacuum of the traces of residual monomer and analyzed by GPC in THF medium and in polystyrene equivalents:
- the temperature is brought to 80 ° C.
- the reaction lasts 24 hours during which several additions of lauroyl peroxide are made: - 8.1 mg after 2 hours,
- the polymer is recovered by vacuum evaporation of the traces of residual monomer and analyzed by GPC in THF medium and in polystyrene equivalents: - conversion rate: 59.2%,
- the temperature is brought to 80 ° C.
- the reaction lasts 24 hours during which several additions of lauroyl peroxide are made:
- the polymer is recovered by evaporation under vacuum of the traces of residual monomer and analyzed by GPC in THF medium and in polystyrene equivalents:
- Example 2.10 Homopolymer of vinyl acetate
- the temperature is brought to 80 ° C.
- the reaction lasts 24 hours during which several additions of lauroyl peroxide are made:
- the polymer is recovered by evaporation under vacuum of the traces of residual monomer and analyzed by GPC in THF medium and in polystyrene equivalents:
- Example 2.12 Homopolymer of ethyl acrylate
- the temperature is brought to 80 ° C.
- the reaction lasts 24 hours during which several additions of lauroyl peroxide are made: - 4.5 mg after 2 hours, - 4.1 mg after 4 hours.
- the polymer is recovered by evaporation under vacuum of the traces of residual monomer and analyzed by GPC in THF medium and in polystyrene equivalents:
- the temperature is brought to 110 ° C.
- the reaction lasts 24 hours during which several additions of lauroyl peroxide are made:
- the polymer is recovered by evaporation under vacuum of the traces of residual monomer and analyzed by GPC in THF medium and in polystyrene equivalents:
- the temperature is brought to 80 ° C.
- the reaction lasts 24 hours during which several additions of lauroyl peroxide are made:
- the polymer is recovered by evaporation under vacuum of the traces of residual monomer and analyzed by GPC in THF medium and in polystyrene equivalents:
- the temperature is brought to 80 ° C.
- the reaction lasts 24 hours during which several additions of lauroyl peroxide are made - 8.5 mg after 2 hours, - 8.3 mg after 4 hours
- the polymer is recovered by evaporation under vacuum of the traces of residual monomer and analyzed by GPC in THF medium and in polystyrene equivalents
- Example 2.16 Homopolymer of vinyl acetate
- the tube is closed by a screw cap and is then immersed in an oil bath preheated to 80 ° C.
- the polymerization lasts 24 hours
- the polymer is recovered by evaporation of the traces of residual monomer and analyzed by G P C in THF medium and in polystyrene equivalents The results obtained are as follows - conversion rate 61%,
- the tube is closed by a screw cap and is then immersed in an oil bath preheated to 115 ° C.
- the polymerization lasts 24 hours.
- the polymer is recovered by evaporation of the traces of residual monomer and analyzed by G.P.C in THF medium and in polystyrene equivalents. The results obtained are as follows:
- the tube is closed by a screw cap and is then immersed in an oil bath preheated to 80 ° C.
- the polymerization lasts 24 hours.
- the polymer is recovered by evaporation of the traces of residual monomer and analyzed by G.P.C in THF medium and in polystyrene equivalents. The results obtained are as follows: - conversion rate: 96%,
- the tube is closed by a screw tap and is then immersed in an oil bath preheated to 80 ° C.
- the polymerization lasts 24 hours
- the polymer is recovered by evaporation of the traces of residual monomer and analyzed by GPC in THF medium and in equivalents polystyrene The results are as follows
- Example 2.20 Homopolymer of ethyl acrylate
- the tube is closed by a screw cap and is then immersed in an oil bath preheated to 80 ° C.
- the polymerization lasts 24 hours
- the polymer is recovered by evaporation of the traces of residual monomer and analyzed by G P C in THF medium and in polystyrene equivalents The results are as follows
- the polymer is recovered by evaporation of the traces of residual monomer and analyzed by G P C in THF medium and in polystyrene equivalents
- the tube is closed by a screw cap and is then immersed in an oil bath preheated to 80 ° C.
- the polymerization lasts 24 hours
- the polymer is recovered by evaporation of the traces of residual monomer and analyzed by G P C in THF medium and in polystyrene equivalents The results are as follows
- the tube is closed by a screw cap and is then immersed in an oil bath preheated to 80 ° C.
- the polymerization lasts 24 hours
- the polymer is recovered by evaporation of the traces of residual monomer and analyzed by GPC in THF medium and in equivalents polystyrene The results are as follows
- the tube is closed by a screw cap and is then immersed in an oil bath preheated to 110 ° C.
- the polymerization lasts 24 hours.
- the polymer is recovered by evaporation of the traces of residual monomer and analyzed by G.P.C in THF medium and in polystyrene equivalents. The results are as follows:
- the tube is connected to a vacuum manifold, immersed in liquid nitrogen, then three "freeze / vacuum / return to ambient" cycles are carried out on the contents of the tube in order to degas it. This is then vacuum sealed. After returning to ambient, it is immersed in an oil bath preheated to 80 ° C. The polymerization lasts 28 hours.
- the polymer is recovered by opening the tube then evaporation of the traces of residual monomer. It is analyzed by G.P.C in THF medium and in polystyrene equivalents. The results are as follows:
- Example 2.25 After filling, the tube is degassed and sealed under vacuum in a manner analogous to Example 2.25. The polymerization lasts 64 hours at 80 ° C. The polymer is recovered by evaporation of the traces of residual monomer and analyzed by G.P.C in THF medium and in polystyrene equivalents. The results are as follows:
- Example 2.25 After filling, the tube is degassed and sealed under vacuum in a manner analogous to Example 2.25. The polymerization lasts 72 hours at 110 ° C. The polymer is recovered by evaporation of the traces of residual monomer and analyzed by G.P.C in THF medium and in polystyrene equivalents. The results are as follows:
- the polymer is recovered by evaporation of the traces of residual monomer and analyzed by G P C in THF medium and in polystyrene equivalents The results are as follows
- Example 10 After filling, the tube is degassed and vacuum-sealed in a manner analogous to Example 10 The polymerization lasts 64 hours at 80 ° C.
- the polymer is recovered by evaporation of the traces of residual monomer and analyzed by G P C in THF medium and in polystyrene equivalents The results are as follows
- Example 2.31 Homopolymer of ethyl acrylate
- the polymer is recovered by evaporation of the traces of residual monomer and analyzed by G.P.C in THF medium and in polystyrene equivalents. The results are as follows:
- the flask is surmounted by a condenser, placed under a stream of nitrogen and immersed in an oil bath preheated to 115 ° C. Two new additions of lauroyl peroxide are made after two and four hours of reaction (0.026 mmol each time). The reaction is stopped after 24 hours.
- the polymer is recovered by evaporation of the traces of residual monomer and analyzed by G.P.C in THF medium and in polystyrene equivalents. The results are as follows:
- Example 3.1 block copolymer p (AEt-b-St)
- Example 3.2 p block copolymer (AEt-b-AVM)
- the temperature is brought to 70 ° C.
- the polymerization lasts 40 hours.
- Example 3.3 block copolymer p (St-b-AEt)
- a stock solution is prepared from: - 4.01 g of styrene,
- a small fraction of the polymer obtained is taken and analyzed in GPC in THF medium and in polystyrene equivalents.
- the temperature is raised to 70 ° C.
- the polymerization lasts 40 hours.
- the traces of residual monomer are removed by evaporation and the copolymer is analyzed by GPC in THF medium and in polystyrene equivalents.
- Example 3.4 block copolymer p (AEt-b-St)
- the characteristics of the copolymer obtained are as follows: - conversion rate: 49.4%
- Example 3.5 block copolymer p (AEt-b-St)
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Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU18831/99A AU1883199A (en) | 1997-12-31 | 1998-12-23 | Method for block polymer synthesis by controlled radical polymerisation from dithiocarbamate compounds |
| US09/582,390 US6812291B1 (en) | 1997-12-31 | 1998-12-23 | Method for block polymer synthesis by controlled radical polymerization from dithiocarbamate compounds |
| CA002315914A CA2315914A1 (fr) | 1997-12-31 | 1998-12-23 | Procede de synthese de polymeres a blocs par polymerisation radicalaire controlee a partir de composes dithiocarbamates |
| JP2000527572A JP2002500251A (ja) | 1997-12-31 | 1998-12-23 | 制御されたラジカル重合によるジチオカーバメートからのブロックポリマーの合成方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9716779A FR2773161B1 (fr) | 1997-12-31 | 1997-12-31 | Procede de synthese de polymeres a blocs |
| FR97/16779 | 1997-12-31 | ||
| FR98/09780 | 1998-07-30 | ||
| FR9809780 | 1998-07-30 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1999035177A1 true WO1999035177A1 (fr) | 1999-07-15 |
Family
ID=26234044
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR1998/002867 Ceased WO1999035177A1 (fr) | 1997-12-31 | 1998-12-23 | Procede de synthese de polymeres a blocs par polymerisation radicalaire controlee a partir de composes dithiocarbamates |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6812291B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2002500251A (fr) |
| AR (1) | AR014245A1 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU1883199A (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2315914A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO1999035177A1 (fr) |
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| DE602006006825D1 (de) * | 2006-08-17 | 2009-06-25 | Rhodia Operations | Blockcopolymere, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und ihre Verwendung in Emulsionen |
| FI122734B (fi) * | 2007-05-21 | 2012-06-15 | Kemira Oyj | Prosessikemikaali käytettäväksi paperin tai kartongin valmistuksessa |
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| JP5534244B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-06 | 2014-06-25 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | ハイパーブランチポリマーの製造方法 |
| KR102174015B1 (ko) | 2012-11-12 | 2020-11-04 | 쓰리엠 이노베이티브 프로퍼티즈 컴파니 | 부가-단편화제를 포함하는 치과용 조성물 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| US6812291B1 (en) | 2004-11-02 |
| JP2002500251A (ja) | 2002-01-08 |
| AU1883199A (en) | 1999-07-26 |
| CA2315914A1 (fr) | 1999-07-15 |
| AR014245A1 (es) | 2001-02-07 |
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