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WO1998038588A1 - Outil et procede d'analyse de valeur et de rentabilite - Google Patents

Outil et procede d'analyse de valeur et de rentabilite Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998038588A1
WO1998038588A1 PCT/GB1998/000642 GB9800642W WO9838588A1 WO 1998038588 A1 WO1998038588 A1 WO 1998038588A1 GB 9800642 W GB9800642 W GB 9800642W WO 9838588 A1 WO9838588 A1 WO 9838588A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
information
business
value
assets
matrix
Prior art date
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/GB1998/000642
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English (en)
Inventor
William Mark Mayon-White
Michael John Lesser
Bernard William Dyer
James Backhouse
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO1998038588A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998038588A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a tool for management of business assets (and particularly but not exclusively information assets), to a method of establishing an inventory of business information assets and to a method of establishing a distribution of value of business information assets, and the total value of each class of information assets, and the total value of a business 's information assets, as well as to a computer adapted for use in such methods.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a management tool and a method which are more systematic, consistent, accurate and useful than those used in the prior art.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a tool and method to facilitate answering at least some of the following questions which are frequently addressed to practising managers:
  • the present invention provides a tool for management of business assets comprising means for establishing a matrix of information concerning business assets, rows and columns in the matrix each being associated with respective categories of such assets such that the cells define a discrete distribution in two or more dimensions of categories of such iriformation, graphical user interface means including means for prompting a user to enter information about business assets of an appropriate category in each cell, display means for displaying the matrix of mformation and processor means arranged to process the information in the matrix, wherein the nature of the information in different categories varies over one dimension of the matrix and the business aspect to which the information in different categories relates varies over another dimension of the matrix.
  • the business may, in addition build up a picture of changes in asset values over time.
  • said different categories of the nature of the information include human know-how and/or analogue information and/or digital information.
  • analogue information is meant information which is not represented digitally such as the information embodied in a die form of casting a specified shape for example, and that which is maintained in iconic form as writing or symbols on paper or other media.
  • Digital information could include any information stored digitally on eg. a computer or computer-readable medium.
  • Human know-how could include the skills and capabilities of the workforce for example.
  • the different categories of the business aspect to which the information relates include technical and/or commercial and/or financial aspects (preferably all three).
  • cells in said matrix are selectable by a pointing device (such as a mouse for example) operable by the user and, when thus selected, cause windows to open on said display means which prompt the user to enter business assets of the appropriate category and relating to the appropriate business aspect in the corresponding cells.
  • a pointing device such as a mouse for example
  • said cells in the matrix are sub-divided into different classes of business assets independently of said categories of nature of information and business aspect.
  • the cell containing technical analogue information could contain details of different processes and different machines.
  • Such technical analogue information might, for example, be a technical memorandum describing the manufacture of a pharmaceutical product or an engineer's machined foam or plastic model.
  • the invention provides a method of establishing an inventory of business information assets comprising the steps:
  • step iii) categorising the information of step ii) at least two-dimensionally according to a) the nature of the information and b) the business aspect to which the information relates;
  • step iv) assigning a value to the inventory of step iv) by applying a valuation to the items in each category of step iii).
  • the categorising step is performed by means of a matrix as used in the first aspect of the invention.
  • the valuation step v) is performed by applying a formula which includes a weighting factor having the effect of multiplying the value in each category by a factor of between zero and unity.
  • the weighting factor can, for example, represent the scarcity or accessibility of the corresponding asset. For example, if the relevant business asset is a die of which only one is possessed by the company and further dies of that type are difficult to obtain or can be obtained only after a long delay or can be obtained only in uneconomically large quantities then the weighting factor will be relatively high.
  • an equation or a computer program supplied by an external analyst may be assigned a higher weighting value if the company's contract with the analyst only allows limited use of the formula or program - eg. once a month.
  • the above valuation step v) is performed by applying a formula and which includes a security weighting factor having an exponent, the security weighting factor having the effect of multiplying the assigned value by a factor dependent on the security of the associated business asset, the exponent having the effect of multiplying said factor by an amount dependent on the degree of dependence of the value on the security of said associated business asset.
  • a formula and which includes a security weighting factor having an exponent the security weighting factor having the effect of multiplying the assigned value by a factor dependent on the security of the associated business asset
  • the exponent having the effect of multiplying said factor by an amount dependent on the degree of dependence of the value on the security of said associated business asset.
  • all business information assets are divided into one of the three classes: human know-how, analogue information and digital information and all the business aspects are divided into one of the three classes: technical, commercial and financial, although of course other classes may alternatively or additionally be used.
  • At least some items are difficult to value and may not be capable of being valued objectively.
  • at least some items are valued subjectively by:
  • the above valuation step v) is preferably performed by applying a formula which includes a weighting factor having the effect of multiplying the value in each category by a factor of between zero and unity.
  • the above valuation step is performed by applying a formula which includes a security weighting factor having an exponent, the security weighting factor having the effect of multiplying the assigned value by a factor dependent on the security of the associated business asset, the exponent having the effect of multiplying said factor by an amount dependent on the degree of dependence of the value on the security of said associated business asset.
  • the invention also provides a computer program to guide a user through at least steps I) to iv) of the above method by means of a graphical user interface.
  • the invention provides a method of establishing a distribution of value of business information assets comprising the steps:
  • step I) categorising the information of step I) at least two-dimensionally according to a) the nature of the information and b) the business aspect to which the information relates;
  • the above method is useful in establishing a distribution or "footprint", which is a unique identifier, of business information assets which can be compared with the corresponding distribution or "footprint” of other companies in the same sector.
  • the resulting comparison is useful in financial analysis, management consultancy, planning mergers and acquisitions, and the like.
  • the valuations of steps iii) and iv) above can be selected from valuations based on:
  • the invention also provides a computer programmed to prompt a user through the steps of the above method by a graphical user interface.
  • the computer can be arranged to modify the valuations by applying formulae containing the weighting factors described above.
  • the information is classified by means of a matrix as used in the first aspects of the invention.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a computer programmed to act as a tool in accordance with the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a screen dump showing one layer of a matrix established by the programmed computer of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a three-dimensional representation of the above matrix
  • Figure 4 is a screen dump showing a screen generated by the computer of Figure 1 in response to clicking on one of the boxes in the screen dump of Figure 2;
  • Figure 5 is a flow diagram showing the first, information mapping phase of a method in accordance with the second aspect of the invention
  • Figure 5b) is a flow diagram showing the second, information valuation phase of an embodiment of the above method
  • Figure 5 c is a flow diagram showing the third, information evaluation phase of the above embodiment.
  • Figure 6 is a flow diagram illustrating the computation of the value of the assets of a business using the programmed computer of Figure 1.
  • the computer 1 (which is preferably a Pentium® PC running the Windows® operating system) is provided with a conventional keyboard 2 and mouse 3 which supply input signals to a microprocessor 5 having data buses connecting it to ROM 6 and RAM 7.
  • the microprocessor is also linked in a conventional manner to a hard disk 11 on which a program for use with the invention is stored.
  • the microprocessor is coupled in a conventional manner to a floppy disk drive 10 and has an output to a conventional display 9.
  • An additional output (not shown) links the computer to a printer 4. It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the above is a simplified description of a general purpose PC.
  • a program stored on hard disk 11 is arranged to load a matrix 8 into RAM 7 and this matrix will now be described with reference to Figures 2 and 3.
  • references (in whatever form) to information, its use, processing or storage imply, where the context so allows, that the information is handled by the computer as electrical signals which are, as appropriate, stored in computer memory, processed by the microprocessor 5 and output as visual signals on the display 9.
  • the matrix is three-dimensional and contains eg. three layers (corresponding to periods P 1 , P2 and P3) of a rectangular 3 x 3 array of information cells 8c ( Figure 2) in the array being divided in the horizontal direction into the three categories of human, analogue and digital business assets and being divided vertically into the three categories of technical, commercial and financial business aspects.
  • each of the nine cells 8c of the matrix is divided into different classes of assets.
  • the commercial analogue information cell (identified as X (2,2)) is divided into personnel, assets, processes and indices (weighting factors).
  • X 2,2
  • indices weighting factors
  • the program loaded from hard disk 11 presents each of the above sub-divisions of the cells 8c as a "hot button" which when clicked on using the mouse 3 or other pointing device leads the user to a further screen as shown in Figure 4.
  • the screen represented in Figure 4 concerns information recorded on paper eg. designs and drawings and has a box 12 in which the user enters the number of pages of a given document and a box 13 in which the user enters the identity of the repository of the relevant design or other document.
  • the repository can be a class of documents such as documents relating to engine design for example.
  • this may include a subjective valuation in accordance with the third aspect of the invention.
  • the information entered by the user is then processed by the called up program to arrive at a crude valuation x.
  • the user then calls up a program for calculating a local weight w by clicking on the "local weight” hot button 16.
  • the called up program then enters into a dialogue with the user on the screen to enable an appropriate local weight to be calculated for the relevant data which represents the scarcity value of the data.
  • the user clicks on a "security index” hot button 17 which similarly calls up a program which enters into a dialogue on screen with the user to enable a security index s ⁇ to be calculated.
  • the value of the local weight w and the value of the security index s ⁇ are recorded and displayed in boxes 18 and 19 respectively and the resulting weighted value is determined by the program and displayed in box 25 alongside the information already entered in boxes 12 and 13 which is repeated in boxes 21 and 23 respectively.
  • buttons may be provided, via which access can for instance be gained to proprietary sof ware.
  • links may be made to software such as HTvTEW (London School of Economics), @RISK (US) , WITNESS (Lanner Group), the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet tool, a database engine such as the Microsoft Access tool, and COPIT (UK software associated with the British Standards Institution code of practice on security management).
  • the above process is then repeated for a further item and the results displayed in a similar manner in box 26 adjacent to the repository name in box 22 and the number of pages in box 24 respectively.
  • the processor is then repeated for all the items falling within the (1,2) cell 8c and the sub-total of the value of all the company's assets in that category is displayed in box 27.
  • the values appropriate to one period may be calculated from the values determined in respect of another period from a known relationship governing eg. the depreciation of value of various categories of information over time.
  • O ⁇ S ⁇ 1 is the security index
  • W y is the local weight on X
  • V is the value
  • ⁇ u f(a,b,c, ) where the terms are attributes of information value: a is market price: sell price, buy price, spread b is replacement cost c is maintenance cost d is cost of creation e is information turnover: timeliness and half-life f is accuracy: verifiability, completeness, date, evidential value g is availability: criticality and risk in business process h is security: protection cost, data protection, privacy k is ownership: originality, designs, patents, brands, IP
  • the array X represents a layer of the above-described matrix 8 and x y represents the sum of the unweighted values of the assets in the cell 8c of the ith row and jth column.
  • W ;j is the local weighting value for information in the ith row and jth column
  • S is the security index appropriate to the ith row and jth column and the exponent ⁇ y modifies the value of S.
  • ⁇ can have any positive value.
  • ⁇ represents the criticality of the security of the information to its value.
  • the value of the local weighting index is a function of (eg. a linear function) of the values represented by the parameters a to k, some or all of which may need to be determined subjectively in accordance with the third aspect of the invention.
  • Figures 5a) to 5c) show in flow diagram form a method of establishing an inventory of business information assets in accordance with the second aspects of the invention, this procedure preferably including the above-described establishment of the matrix and summing the value sub-totals derived for each cell 8C.
  • the analysis is opened (step 28) and the scope is determined in step 29.
  • the analysis may be applied at a relatively crude level at board level, or may be applied (at a greater level of detail) to a business unit or may be applied (comprehensively, in still greater detail) to the entire enterprise represented by the company.
  • the valuation objectives are then established (step 30) before mapping all the processes and information assets utilised in the company.
  • a test for completeness (step 30a) may be applied at this stage and if it is failed then the steps 29 and 30 can be repeated until the test is satisfied.
  • a test for completeness (step 32) is applied in any event and if it is failed steps 29 to 31 are repeated. Otherwise the analysis proceeds to the output to phase 2 ( Figure 5b)).
  • step (34) the information assets are sorted and grouped, which essentially corresponds to generating the appropriate sub-divisions in each of these cells 8C of matrix 8 as illustrated in Figure 2.
  • An initial inventory of the information asset is then made (step 35) in order to ensure that nothing has been omitted and optionally a test for completeness (step 35a) is applied at this point. If it is failed then steps 34 and 35 are repeated until it is satisfied and the analysis can proceed to step 36, the valuation of the assets. This is carried out under the guidance of the computer program as described above with reference to Figures 1 to 4.
  • step 37 If these are failed then steps 34 to 36 are repeated and if these are passed then the analysis proceeds to the information evaluation phase (step 38) as illustrated in Figure 5c).
  • Step 40 The processes illustrated in Figure 5c) involve the evaluation of the "information footprint "(Step 40), ie. the two-dimensional distribution of value against the nature (human/analogue/digital) of the information and business aspects (technical/commercial/financial), followed by an examination of the contribution to the business made by each of the categories corresponding to the various cells 8C (step 41). It may turn out for example that a large store of value in a particular class of asset is not being utilised efficiently and this may lead to discussions as to whether to sell the asset or use it in a different manner.
  • a security assessment (step 42) is then carried out in order to assess the risks associated with the various categories of information asset and a report can be presented to the company (step 43).
  • the company can then consider the outcome (step 44) and either close the analysis (step 46) or repeat the analysis in more detail or in respect of another part of the business (step 45). In other words the analysis could revert to step 29 and could be applied (say to a different business unit).
  • Figure 6 now summarises the information processing performed with the aid of the computer 1 of Figure 1 and involves an initial step of selecting the type and form for information (step 47) by clicking on the appropriate sub-division of the appropriate cell 8C as shown in Figure 2 resulting in the opening of a data entry screen (step 48), a typical entry screen being shown in Figure 4 followed by selecting a field (12 or 13 - Figure 4) and entering the data (step 49) and repeating for every item of data appropriate to the selected cell (step 50). This procedure is then repeated for all the other cells 8C (step 51) and the data entry screen is closed (step 52) followed by applying the appropriate weighting factors w and s ⁇ to enable the subtitles of value for each cell to be calculated. An output screen is then selected (step 54), the form of output is then selected (step 55) and the output is then saved to a file and/or printed and/or displayed on screen (step 56).
  • the methods and tool of the invention enable a thor ough analysis of a company's assets (particularly its information assets) to be performed in a systematic manner, which will aid in the optimisation of industrial output and should enable other technical problems to be identified and overcome.

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  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une matrice (8) conçue pour les actifs commerciaux d'une entreprise, divisée en tableaux matriciels 3 X 3 (8C) et répartie en catégories d'informations humaines, analogiques et numériques et en aspects techniques, commerciaux et financiers de l'entreprise. Un utilisateur est guidé par le programme dans le but d'entrer les actifs commerciaux appropriés dans les tableaux appropriés. Ensuite, le programme guide l'utilisateur lors de la compilation d'un inventaire de tous les actifs commerciaux et de l'évaluation des biens dans chaque catégorie associée à un tableau respectif. Des facteurs de pondération sont appliqués à toutes les valeurs brutes en vue de tenir compte de la rareté des informations particulières, de leur fiabilité et la dépendance de leur valeur par rapport à leur stabilité. Une 'empreinte' bidimensionnelle de la valeur par rapport aux résultats des catégories d'informations et de l'aspect de l'entreprise, qui peut être comparée à des 'empreintes' correspondantes d'autres entreprises du secteur, permet d'identifier les anomalies.
PCT/GB1998/000642 1997-02-28 1998-03-02 Outil et procede d'analyse de valeur et de rentabilite Ceased WO1998038588A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9704187.5 1997-02-28
GBGB9704187.5A GB9704187D0 (en) 1997-02-28 1997-02-28 Business analysis tool and method

Publications (1)

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WO1998038588A1 true WO1998038588A1 (fr) 1998-09-03

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WO (1) WO1998038588A1 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000034911A3 (fr) * 1998-12-11 2000-11-30 Arthur Andersen Llp Systeme de modelisation, d'evaluation, de gestion et de description des consequences de decisions commerciales sur la valeur marchande
US6321205B1 (en) * 1995-10-03 2001-11-20 Value Miner, Inc. Method of and system for modeling and analyzing business improvement programs
WO2002001430A1 (fr) * 2000-06-28 2002-01-03 Whw Holding B.V. Systeme et procede de modification d'une valeur attribuee a un porteur de valeurs
US7523065B2 (en) 2001-12-12 2009-04-21 Asset Trust, Inc. Risk transfer supply chain system
US7580848B2 (en) 1997-01-06 2009-08-25 Asset Trust, Inc. Method of and system for analyzing, modeling and valuing elements of a business enterprise
US7970640B2 (en) 2002-06-12 2011-06-28 Asset Trust, Inc. Purchasing optimization system
US10839321B2 (en) 1997-01-06 2020-11-17 Jeffrey Eder Automated data storage system

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0587290A2 (fr) * 1992-07-30 1994-03-16 Teknekron Infoswitch Corporation Procédé et dispositif pour surveiller et/ou régler la performance d'une organisation
US5359724A (en) * 1992-03-30 1994-10-25 Arbor Software Corporation Method and apparatus for storing and retrieving multi-dimensional data in computer memory
US5365425A (en) * 1993-04-22 1994-11-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Method and system for measuring management effectiveness
US5572644A (en) * 1992-04-08 1996-11-05 Borland International, Inc. System and methods for multi-dimensional information processing

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5359724A (en) * 1992-03-30 1994-10-25 Arbor Software Corporation Method and apparatus for storing and retrieving multi-dimensional data in computer memory
US5572644A (en) * 1992-04-08 1996-11-05 Borland International, Inc. System and methods for multi-dimensional information processing
EP0587290A2 (fr) * 1992-07-30 1994-03-16 Teknekron Infoswitch Corporation Procédé et dispositif pour surveiller et/ou régler la performance d'une organisation
US5365425A (en) * 1993-04-22 1994-11-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Method and system for measuring management effectiveness

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6321205B1 (en) * 1995-10-03 2001-11-20 Value Miner, Inc. Method of and system for modeling and analyzing business improvement programs
US7580848B2 (en) 1997-01-06 2009-08-25 Asset Trust, Inc. Method of and system for analyzing, modeling and valuing elements of a business enterprise
US7693733B2 (en) 1997-01-06 2010-04-06 Asset Trust, Inc. Method of and system for analyzing, modeling and valuing elements of a business enterprise
US10839321B2 (en) 1997-01-06 2020-11-17 Jeffrey Eder Automated data storage system
WO2000034911A3 (fr) * 1998-12-11 2000-11-30 Arthur Andersen Llp Systeme de modelisation, d'evaluation, de gestion et de description des consequences de decisions commerciales sur la valeur marchande
WO2002001430A1 (fr) * 2000-06-28 2002-01-03 Whw Holding B.V. Systeme et procede de modification d'une valeur attribuee a un porteur de valeurs
NL1016309C2 (nl) * 2000-06-28 2002-02-12 Whw Holding B V Systeem en werkwijze voor het wijzigen voor een aan een waardedrager toegekende waarde.
US7523065B2 (en) 2001-12-12 2009-04-21 Asset Trust, Inc. Risk transfer supply chain system
US7970640B2 (en) 2002-06-12 2011-06-28 Asset Trust, Inc. Purchasing optimization system

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