WO1997002863A1 - Fire extinguisher and a specially designed spray nozzle for producing a jet of extinguishing agent - Google Patents

Abstract

The proposed fire extinguisher is provided with a spray nozzle (55) in the form of a multiple component jet tube (10). The latter comprises: a main tube (11) for a pressurised gas jet with a shut-off valve (12) and a nozzle (13) at one end for generating a homogeneous aerosol-type water mist jet; and at least one side tube (15) which opens out into the main tube (11) at an angle for delivering extinguishing water to the pressurised gas jet in the main tube (11). The hose (54) leading to the spray nozzle has at least one supply line (56) for the extinguishing water and a supply line (57) for the gaseous medium consisting of carbon dioxide. The container (51) for the extinguishing agent and propellant comprises a pressurised container (59) for extinguishing water and a container (59`) for pressurised carbon dioxide which is cooled by expansion, thereby cooling the water droplets in the water-carbon dioxide mixture discharged from the multiple component jet tube (10) to a freezing temperature.

Description

Fire extinguisher and a specially designed spray nozzle for an extinguishing agent jet

field of use

The invention relates to a fire extinguisher which automatically expels its extinguishing agent content by stored pressure or pressure generated during commissioning and which comprises an extinguishing and propellant container, an actuating valve and a hose with a spray nozzle for an extinguishing agent jet.

State of the art

Fire extinguishers are portable or mobile fire extinguishers which are used for immediate fighting, in particular small fires, and can also be handled by inexperienced people.

Furthermore, multi-fuel jet pipes are known in connection with extinguishing devices in which a second medium is used in addition to water; So far, they have hardly been able to find their way into fire protection technology. If air is used as the second medium in multi-component nozzles, the compressibility of the air is used for the internal admixture. The air mixed with the water in front of the nozzle takes on the pressure of the water and the air bubbles are strongly compressed. When exiting the nozzle, the bubbles relax and tear the emerging jet. According to this method, a very fine atomization with a good throw distance

ORIGI _N ALUNTERLAGEN achieved, but there is the disadvantage that two hose lines and a compressor for generating the compressed air are required for each jet pipe. It has so far not been possible to pump water together with compressed air over a longer distance, i.e. without segregation. However, the segregation leads to intermittent, irregular working of the jet pipe.

Task, solution, advantage

The object of the invention is therefore to create a fire extinguisher of the type mentioned at the outset with a multi-substance jet pipe for producing an aerosol-like water-carbon dioxide mixture with water droplets brought to freezing temperature in order to obtain better throwing distances.

This object is achieved in a fire extinguisher of the type mentioned with the features specified in claim 1.

In the fire extinguisher designed according to the invention, the spray nozzle is designed as a multi-substance jet pipe for the use of extinguishing water in the form of a water mist as an aerosol, which has a centrally arranged main pipe for a compressed gas jet with a nozzle formed on one side and at least one side pipe opening into the main pipe at an angle with a nozzle-like design Pipe end for the supply of extinguishing water to the central compressed gas jet in the main pipe to generate a homogeneous, aerosol-like water mist jet. The hose leading to the spray nozzle has at least one extinguishing water supply line and one supply line for the gas shaped medium that consists of carbon dioxide. The extinguisher and propellant container of the fire extinguisher has a pressure container for extinguishing water and a container for holding pressurized carbon dioxide, which is cooled down by expansion in such a way that the water drops of the water-carbon dioxide mixture emerging from the multi-fuel jet pipe are frozen temperature are brought.

To generate the aerosol-like water-carbon dioxide mixture, water (possibly with additives) is injected into the gas jet. The water pressure at the nozzle remains in the normal pressure range for standardized fire-fighting centrifugal pumps.

The relatively strong acceleration of the water drops by the carbon dioxide gas jet overcomes their surface tension and results in the smallest water drops floating in the gas jet. When using carbon dioxide as the gas supplied to the extinguishing water, the further advantage is achieved, namely that the carbon dioxide freezes the water drops, which increases the extinguishing effect.

This disperse water droplet-gas mixture is particularly suitable

for cooling (due to the huge surface of the water drops and the turbulent flow conditions),

- for suffocating fires (due to the sudden formation of steam), - for the rapid penetration of combustion material with embers (in connection with tensides, which are added to the extinguishing water),

- for dividing, displacing and diluting gases, vapors and mists and for wetting surfaces (with the help of the aerosol),

- for fire fighting products that are under pressure (e.g. gas fires and liquid fires).

This is where the homogeneous water mist is used, which could be a replacement extinguishing agent for the halon extinguishing agents that are no longer permitted due to environmental reasons.

The extinguishing effect here is based on the property of the inhibition effect: the extinguishing agent consists of homogeneously distributed water particles embedded in the gas (air or carbonic acid) in the order of magnitude of 30 to 50 micrometers, which pass into the reaction zone - between the pre and the lighting zone the flame - to be introduced.

The deletion effect is as follows:

The combustion process is a chain reaction, whereby short-lived radicals, active molecules and atoms occur which cause chain branching and thus further burning. If non-combustible, finely divided substances with a kinetic energy that corresponds to the course of the fire are introduced into their reaction zone in a flame, ie if artificial "walls" are erected, these active molecules and atoms transfer energy to the "walls". submit. Your own energy content - the internal energy - then becomes so low that it is no longer sufficient to continue the chain reaction by reacting these radicals together. The chain reaction stops and the flame goes out.

The principle of inhibition is therefore that a finely distributed extinguishing agent is introduced into the spatial flame. The kinetic energy of the homogeneously distributed particles of aerosols must be so great that the entire source of the fire is detected and the number of extinguishing agent particles per unit volume exceeds a critical amount.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

Brief description of the drawing

Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing. Show it

Fig.l a fire extinguisher partly in view, partly in a vertical section,

2 shows a schematic view of a multi-material jet pipe as a spray nozzle for the fire extinguisher and

3 shows the multi-component jet pipe in a vertical longitudinal section.

Detailed description of the invention and best way to carry out the invention

The fire extinguisher 50 shown in Fig.l consists of a cylindrical container 51 which has in its upper region an actuating valve 52 which is operatively connected to an actuating lever 53, which is connected to extinguishing and propellant containers in the interior of the container 21 and which can be provided with a manometer. In addition, the container 51 has a handle 58 in its upper region. A hose 54 is connected to the actuating valve 52 and carries a spray nozzle 55 at its free end. The hose 54 is formed by a plurality of supply lines, which will be discussed in more detail below. The supply of the extinguishing agent in the interior of the container 51 can take place via a riser pipe provided in the interior of the container and connected to the actuating valve 52.

The spray nozzle 55 at the free end of the hose 54 of the fire extinguisher 50 is designed as a multi-substance jet pipe 10 for the use of extinguishing water in the form of a water mist as an aerosol.

The multi-jet pipe shown in FIG. 2 and designated 10 consists of a main pipe 11 with a further shut-off valve 12 and with a nozzle 13 provided at the outlet end for the generation of a homogeneous water mist jet. Pressurized gas is supplied to the main pipe 11 in the direction of arrow X. A side pipe 15 opens into the main pipe 11, through which extinguishing water in the direction of the arrow XI - optionally with additives - radially from the outside, injecting the compressed gas jet guided centrally through the main pipe 11, namely at an angle from one or more sides, in the latter case in the main pipe 11 opens several side pipes 15, 15 ', via which the compressed gas jet Extinguishing water is supplied. These side tubes 15, 15 'are arranged radially to the main tube 11 and are at an angle to it.

Both the main pipe 11 and the side pipes 15, 15 'of the multi-substance jet pipe 10 are connected via feed lines 56, 57 to containers 59, 59' formed or arranged in the interior of the container 51 of the fire extinguisher 50, of which the container 59 is below Pressurized extinguishing water takes up, while the container 59 'is intended for the reception of pressurized carbon dioxide in connection (Fig.l). Both the main pipe 11 and the side pipes 15, 15' of the multi-fuel jet pipe 10 can with separate shut-off valves 12, 12 ', 12 ". However, there is also the possibility of designing the actuating valve 52 as a multi-way valve, via which the discharge quantity for the extinguishing water and for the carbon dioxide is then controlled at the same time.

By means of the multi-substance jet pipe 10 used, it is possible to use extinguishing water in the form of a water mist as an aerosol, carbon dioxide being preferably used as the second component as the pressurized gas for generating the water mist.

The side tubes 15, 15 'for supplying the extinguishing water, which open into the main tube 11, have the same angular positions in their positions with respect to the main tube, it also being possible for the angled free ends 15a, 15'a of the side tubes 15, 15' to be arranged in predetermined angular positions relative to the main pipe 11 (FIG. 3). According to a further embodiment, the side pipes 15, 15 'opening into the main pipe 11 or their angled free pipes Ends 15a, 15'a different angular positions to the main tube 11, so that the swirling and mixing effect is significantly improved.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the head 110 of the multi-substance jet pipe 10 has a mixing chamber 111 designed in the manner of a nozzle with an outlet opening for the gas / extinguishing water mixture which is variable in size. The side pipes 15, 15 'for supplying the extinguishing water and the main pipe 11 for the compressed gas jet open into this mixing chamber 111.

The side tubes 15, 15 'are guided in the multi-component jet tube 10 and run parallel to the main tube 11 and open with angled tube ends 15a, 15'a into the main tube 11 or into the nozzle-like mixing chamber 111 at the outlet end 11a of the main tube 11.

The number of side tubes 15, 15 'can be chosen arbitrarily; it will depend on the size of the multi-substance jet pipe. The side tubes 15, 15 ′ are preferably arranged radially around the main tube 11.

To adjust the size of the outlet opening lilac of the mixing chamber 111, a screw cap 20 with a central, nozzle-like opening 21 is placed on the free end of the head 110 of the multi-substance jet tube 10, this opening 21 corresponding to the outlet opening lilac of the mixing chamber 111. By turning the screw cap 20 forming the nozzle to the left or right, the distance of the opening 21 to the purple outlet opening of the mixing chamber 111 is changed. Air, nitrogen or carbon dioxide is used to generate the gas jet fed into the main tube 11 of the mixing chamber 111. The flow rates of extinguishing water and gas jet are coordinated. The control valves 12, 12 ', 12 "on the multi-substance jet pipe 10 can preferably be controlled jointly via a control device (not shown in the drawing), so that optimal flow conditions can be achieved.

The spraying of the extinguishing water into the gas jet of the main pipe by means of a side pipe or a plurality of side pipes can take place, for example, at an angular position of 45 ° of the outlet ends of the side pipes 15, 15 ', although no predetermined angle has to be specified. The outlet ends of the side pipes 15, 15 'carrying the extinguishing water are preferably designed in the manner of a nozzle.

When using carbon dioxide as a gaseous medium, the pressure and flow conditions must be coordinated so that the carbon dioxide freezes the water drops, which improves the extinguishing effect. The effect of the sudden removal of heat is brought into a frozen state by water drops used for extinguishing purposes. The advantages are:

- The "frozen" water drops can bind more heat in the flames and embers than water drops with ambient temperature.

- Frozen water drops can be "thrown" into the fire with a greater kinetic energy than, for example, water, fog or water dust. The following is particularly advantageous when using the multi-component jet pipe:

- The extinguishing water, possibly with extinguishing additives, flows from the outside into the gas stream supplied to the multi-fuel jet pipe.

- A gas stream flows in the middle of the multi-substance jet pipe, e.g. Carbon dioxide, the flow conditions of which are coordinated with those of the extinguishing water.

- The carbon dioxide gas stream is so cold due to the expansion or evaporation of the gas from the storage container that water drops freeze immediately. This results in better throwing distances and better extinguishing effects.

The fire extinguisher 50 can be a hand-held device, but there is the possibility of making the fire extinguisher mobile. The extinguishing water and the carbon dioxide can be supplied to the multi-substance jet pipe 10 by means of the extinguishing agents under pressure in the container 51 of the fire extinguisher 50, but additional propellant containers or cartridges containing propellants can be arranged in the interior of the container 10. When the valve 52 is actuated, extinguishing water and carbon dioxide are then supplied to the multi-fuel jet pipe 10 by means of the propellant. The propellant container can also be arranged as an additional container on the outside of the container 51.

Instead of carbon dioxide, air, nitrogen or another suitable gas can also be used as the gaseous medium.

Claims

Expectations: 1. Fire extinguisher which automatically extinguishes its extinguishing agent content by stored pressure or pressure generated during commissioning and which comprises an extinguishing and propellant container (51), an actuating valve (52) and a hose (54) with a spray nozzle (55), thereby characterized in that the spray nozzle (55) of the fire extinguisher (50) as a multi-fuel jet pipe (10) is designed for the use of extinguishing water in the form of a water mist as an aerosol, which has a centrally arranged main tube (11) for a compressed gas jet with a nozzle (13) on one side and at least one opening into the main tube (11) at an angle Side tube (15) with a nozzle-like tube end for supplying extinguishing water to the central compressed gas jet in the main tube (11) for generating a homogeneous, aerosol-like water mist jet, the hose (54) having at least one extinguishing water supply line (56) and one supply line (57) for the gaseous medium, which preferably consists of carbon dioxide, the extinguishing and propellant container (51 ) of the fire extinguisher (50) has a pressure container (59) for extinguishing water and a container (59 ') for receiving pressurized carbon dioxide, which is cooled down by expansion in such a way that the water drops from the multi-substance jet pipe (10) emerge tendency water-carbon dioxide mixture are brought to a freezing temperature. 2. Fire extinguisher according to claim 1, characterized in that the main pipe (11) has a plurality of radially arranged Has side pipes (15, 15 ') which open at an angle into the main pipe (11) and are connected to the extinguishing water pressure container (59) via a corresponding number of supply lines (56) in the hose (54) . 3. Fire extinguisher according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the side tubes (15, 15 ') or their angled free ends (15a, 15'a) opening into the main tube (11) have the same angular positions with respect to the main tube (11 ) exhibit. 4. Fire extinguisher according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the side tubes (15, 15 ') or their angled free ends (15a, 15'a) opening into the main tube (11) have different angular positions to the main pipe (11). 5. Fire extinguisher according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the head (110) of the Mehr¬ jet tube (10) has a nozzle-like mixing chamber (111) with a variable in size Aus¬ outlet opening (purple), in which Mixing chamber (111) the side pipes (15, 15 ') for supplying the extinguishing water and the main pipe (11) for the compressed gas jet open. 6. Fire extinguisher according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the side tubes (15, 15 ') run parallel to the main tube (11) and with angled tube ends (15a, 15'a) in the main tube (11) or in the nozzle-like mixing chamber (111) on Exit end (Ila) of the main pipe (11) open. 7. Fire extinguisher according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the side tubes (15, 15 ') are arranged radially around the main tube (11). 8. Fire extinguisher according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that to adjust the size of the outlet opening (purple) of the mixing chamber (111) on the free end of the head (110) of the multi-jet tube (10) a screw cap (20) as a spray nozzle with a central, nozzle-like opening (21), the nozzle-like opening (21) corresponding to the outlet opening (purple) of the mixing chamber (111). 9. Fire extinguisher according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that carbon dioxide is used to generate the gas jet supplied to the main tube (11) of the mixing chamber (111). 10. Fire extinguisher according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that air or nitrogen is used as the gaseous medium instead of carbon dioxide. 11. Fire extinguisher according to one of claims l to 10, characterized in that the flow rates of extinguishing water and the gas jet are matched to one another. 12. Fire extinguisher according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the outlet ends of the side pipes carrying the extinguishing water (15, 15 ') are of nozzle-like design. 13. Fire extinguisher according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the flow of extinguishing water and the flow of carbon dioxide can be controlled via the actuating valve (52). 14. Fire extinguisher according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the main pipe (11) and the side pipes (15, 15 ') in the multi-component jet pipe (10) have control valves (12, 12 '.12 "). 15. Multi-component jet pipe as a spray nozzle for the Löeins¬ use of extinguishing water in the form of a water mist as an aerosol for fire extinguishers, characterized in that the multi-component jet pipe (10) is a centrally arranged main pipe (11) for a compressed gas jet with a shut-off valve (12) and one-sided Nozzle (13) and at least one side pipe (15) opening into the main pipe (11) at an angle with a nozzle-like pipe end and with a shut-off valve (12 '; 12 ") for supplying extinguishing water to the central compressed gas jet in the Main pipe (11) for generating a homogeneous, aerosol-like water jet comprises. 16. Multi-component jet pipe according to claim 15, characterized in that the main pipe (11) has a plurality of radially arranged side pipes (15, 15 ') which open at an angle into the main pipe (11) and with shut-off valves (12', 12 ") are provided. 17. Multi-component jet pipe according to one of claims 15 and 16, characterized in that in the main pipe (11) opening side tubes (15, 15 ') or their angled free ends (15a, 15'a) have the same angular positions relative to the main pipe (11). 18. Multi-component jet pipe according to one of claims 15 and 16, characterized in that in the main pipe (II) opening side tubes (15, 15 ') or their angled free ends (15a, 15'a) have different angular positions to the main tube (11). 19. Multi-component jet pipe according to one of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that the head (110) of the multi-component jet tube (10) has a nozzle-like mixing chamber (111) with an outlet opening (purple) which can be changed in size, the side tubes (15, 15 ') for supplying the extinguishing water and the main pipe (11) for the compressed gas jet. 20. Multi-component jet pipe according to one of claims 15 to 19, characterized in that the side tubes (15, 15 ') run parallel to the main tube (11) and with angled tube ends (15a, 15'a) in the main tube (11) or in the nozzle-like mixing chamber (111) Exit end (Ila) of the main pipe (11) open. 21. Multi-component jet pipe according to one of claims 15 to 20, characterized in that the side tubes (15, 15 ') are arranged radially around the main tube (11). 22. Multi-component jet pipe according to one of claims 15 to 21, characterized in that the adjustability of the size of the outlet opening (purple) of the mixing chamber (III) on the free end of the head (110) of the multi Material jet tube (10) a screw cap (20) is placed as a nozzle with a central, nozzle-like opening (21), the nozzle-like opening (21) corresponding to the outlet opening (purple) of the mixing chamber (111). 23. Multi-component jet pipe according to one of claims 15 to 22, characterized in that air, nitrogen or carbon dioxide is used to generate the gas jet supplied to the mixing chamber (111) in the main pipe (11). 24. Multi-component jet pipe according to one of claims 15 to 23, characterized in that the flow rates of extinguishing water and the gas jet are matched to one another. 25. Multi-component jet pipe according to one of claims 15 to 24, characterized in that the outlet ends of the side pipes (15, 15 ') carrying the extinguishing water are designed in the manner of nozzles.