WO1996030489A2 - Method of washing using non-aqueous liquid washing agents with separate bleach - Google Patents

Abstract

Claimed is a method of washing woven textile fabrics in a domestic washing machine using a non-aqueous liquid washing agent containing a separate bleaching agent. The method is characterized in that the non-aqueous liquid washing agent containing bleach consists of at least two components, one component (A) containing a liquid surfactant or a liquid-surfactant mixture and the other component (B) containing the bleaching agent, which are mixed and placed in the washing machine before the washing operation. Also claimed is a device for mixing and metering multi-component washing-agent systems, the device consisting of several vessels (1, 2) joined to each other by a locking device (8) which can be displaced or rotated. Each vessel (1, 2) has an aperture (6, 6' or 7, 7') in the surface (4, 5) which is in contact with another vessel. The apertures can be brought into alignment with each other by displacing or rotating the vessels. The method and device enable a liquid washing agent containing bleach to be obtained in which the bleach is uniformly distributed and which can be added to the wash without spotting problems occurring.

Description

 Process for washing teitile fabrics using a non-aqueous

Liquid detergent with bleach

The present invention relates to a method for washing textile fabrics using a non-aqueous liquid detergent with separate bleach in a household washing machine and to a mixing and metering device which is used in this method.

Commercial liquid detergents generally contain anionic and nonionic surfactants and water as a solvent. The incorporation of bleaching agent systems into these liquid detergents has proven to be difficult since the bleaching agent decomposes very easily in the presence of water. In addition, there is a risk that the bleaching agents, in particular percarbonates, will clump when incorporated into the liquid formulations. These clumps can lead to high bleach concentrations locally, which can lead to spotting problems, particularly in the case of colored textiles, and thus a uniform bleaching performance in the wash liquor would no longer be guaranteed.

Various liquid detergent compositions which can contain bleaches are described in the literature.

European patent application 30 096, for example, discloses non-aqueous liquid detergents made from liquid nonionic surfactants, which can contain 20 to 70% by weight builder substances and 1 to 20% by weight bleach in suspended form. If desired, anionic surfactants such as alkylbenzenesulfonates, olefin sulfonates, alkyl sulfates or soap, optical brighteners, dyes, fragrances or enzymes can be added to these agents. It is preferred that the bleaching agent has a particle size that no more than 30% of the particles are larger than 5 μm and particularly preferably no more than 10% larger than 10 μm. EP-B-0 460 810 describes a non-aqueous, liquid detergent composition for dishwashers which selects a non-aqueous, organic carrier liquid and at least one constituent selected from organic detergent, detergent builder, foam inhibitor and mixtures thereof, and a constituent from a non-abrasive amount of 0.5 to 10% of small, essentially water-insoluble particles of silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide or titanium oxide or mixtures thereof as anti-film-forming agents. The agent described may further contain 3 to 15% by weight of bleach

WO 94/01524 describes an essentially non-aqueous liquid detergent which, in addition to nonionic surfactant, contains up to 60% by weight of builder substance and between 5 and 35% by weight of bleach. The liquid detergent composition described also contains a polymer compound which reduces the viscosity of the dispersion of the solid builders and bleaches in the nonionic surfactant in order to obtain a flowable and pourable composition.

German patent application 36 26 572 describes a liquid detergent which contains builder substance, in particular polyacetal carboxylate, an agent which prevents gel formation and an agent which prevents settling, dispersed in a liquid nonionic surfactant.

In the literature it is described that for a stable dispersion of the solid particles in liquid surfactants, the solid particles should preferably have a particle size that no more than 10% of the particles are larger than 10 μm. However, it has proven difficult to disperse the bleaches uniformly and without lumps in the liquid phase and to produce a non-aqueous liquid detergent containing bleach which is stable in storage over a longer period of time.

So-called modular systems are also known on the market as an alternative to the detergents and cleaning agents consisting of several components. The individual system components, which are generally in the form of solids, are metered in via the addition compartment of the washing machine and mixed in the washing drum. However, if there are liquid components and, for example, components which are incompatible with the liquid detergent for prolonged storage, it would be advantageous to add the individual components, such as a liquid detergent without bleach and bleach present in solid form, separately. Especially It is advantageous to mix the liquid detergent and the solid components before adding them to the washing machine in order to achieve a uniform distribution of the bleaching agent in the detergent.

Various dosing systems for detergents and cleaning agents are described in the literature. European patent applications EP-A-0 288 345, EP-A-0 288 346 and EP-A-0 331 542 describe two-part containers in which a preferably liquid cleaning agent and one not with the cleaning agent are in each case provided via separate openings compatible additive, for example a bleach, are also preferably given in liquid form. The described containers consist of a larger container into which a further container or bag is inserted. Both containers or departments can be filled separately with the corresponding liquids.

The filled container described in the above-mentioned documents is placed in the washing drum of a conventional household washing machine, and during the washing process the liquid components diffuse into the drum and are mixed there. However, this device has the disadvantage that the bleaching agent can only be uniformly dispensed in liquid form. In addition, the bleach is released undiluted and it can lead to spotting if it comes into direct contact with the laundry. Another economic and ecological disadvantage of this container is that it is only intended for single use.

German utility model G 880 920.9 discloses a metering memory for receiving and dispensing laundry treatment agents, in particular liquid laundry treatment agents, in a washing machine or the like, which has at least two liquid-tight receiving chambers, each having at least one dispensing opening. The individual receiving chambers can contain various laundry treatment agents, such as are present, for example, as so-called “modular detergents”. With two receiving chambers, for example, one can hold a liquid laundry treatment agent and another the bleaching component. The substances are released into the wash water separately through the respective discharge openings of the dosing reservoir. With the aid of the dosage storage described in the utility model, existing bleaching agent is dispensed into the washing drum as an undiluted substance, which in turn can cause the "spotting problems" described above. The object of the present invention was to provide a method for washing textile fabrics using a non-aqueous liquid detergent with bleach in a household washing machine which does not have the above disadvantages.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a metering device which makes it possible to use two incompatible, i.e. dosing detergent components that can be stored together in a recipe for a long time separately in a single device, then mixing in this device and metering the mixture obtained directly into the washing machine.

The present invention relates to a process for washing textile fabrics in a household washing machine using a non-aqueous liquid detergent with separate bleach, characterized in that the non-aqueous liquid detergent with bleach consists of at least two components, one component being a contains liquid Ten¬ sid or a liquid surfactant mixture and a component B bleach, which are mixed before the washing process and placed in the washing machine.

Surprisingly, it was found that bleach-containing component B can be mixed in a simple manner with the liquid component A in the amount usually required for domestic washing machines and thus a non-aqueous liquid detergent with bleach. It was found that the disadvantages described in the prior art are not observed when this liquid detergent produced directly before the wash cycle is used. The method according to the invention for washing textile fabrics leads essentially to the same results as the known powdery universal detergents which contain bleaching agents. The system used according to the invention has the further advantage that the amount of bleaching agent, depending on the type of textiles to be cleaned and the type of soiling, the amount of bleaching agent can be metered accordingly.

The non-aqueous liquid detergent with separate bleach used in the process according to the invention consists of at least two components. According to the invention, component A contains liquid surfactant or a liquid surfactant mixture. Component A preferably contains nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants and water-soluble builder substances.

In the context of this invention, "essentially not aqueous" means that the agent preferably contains no free water which is not bound as water of crystallization or in a comparable form, to prevent decomposition of the peroxide bleach. In some cases, small amounts of free water are tolerable, especially in amounts up to 5% by weight, the ratio of bleach to free water should be at least 3: 1.

The nonionic surfactants used are preferably liquid, alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated, in particular primary alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms (alkyl polyglycol ether) and an average of 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol, in which the alcohol residue is linear or in 2-position may be methyl branched, or may contain linear and methyl branched radicals in the mixture, as are usually present in oxo alcohol radicals. In particular, however, alcohol ethoxylates with linear residues from alcohols of native origin with 12 to 18 C atoms are preferred, e.g. from coconut, tallow or oleyl alcohol, which can have an average of 2 to 8 EO units per mole of alcohol. The preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C] 2-C] 4-alcohols with 3 EO units or 7 EO units, C9-C] \ - alcohols with 3 EO units, 5 EO units or 7 EO- Units and mixtures of these, such as mixtures of Ci2-Ci4 alcohol with 3 EO units and Ci 2-Cιg alcohol with 5 EO units. The degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical mean values which can be an integer or a fractional number for a special product. Preferred alcohol alkoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE).

The agent according to the invention can contain alkyl polyglycosides, fatty acid alkyl esters and polyhydroxy fatty acid amides as further nonionic surfactants.

C6-C22-alkyl sulfates, Cg-Cjg-alkanesulfonates, alkylbenzenesulfonates and / or fatty acid soaps are preferably used as anionic surfactants. Particularly suitable alkyl sulfates are the sulfuric acid monoesters of C 1 -C 4 fatty alcohols, such as lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol or the fatty alcohol mixtures obtained from coconut oil, palm and palm kernel oil, which also contain proportions of unsaturated alcohols, for example Oleyl alcohol can contain. Preferred mixtures are those in which the proportion of the alkyl radicals is 50 to 70% by weight on C 2, 18 to 30% by weight on C14, 5 to 15% by weight on CJÖ, less than 3% by weight .-% are distributed on CJQ and less than 10% by weight on C _j .

Preferred surfactants of the sulfonate type are C9-C13-alkylbenzenesulfonates, C] 2-Cι alkanesulfonates, olefin sulfonates, ie mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkanesulfonates and disulfonates such as are obtained, for example, from Cj2-C; ιg-alkanes or Ci2 -C] g monoolefins with terminal or internal double bond by sulfonation with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acidic hydrolysis of the sulfonation products into consideration.

Suitable soaps are in particular saturated fatty acid soaps, the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid or stearic acid, and in particular soap mixtures derived from natural fatty acids, e.g. coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids. The sulfuric acid monoesters and the soaps can be present in total in an amount of 1 to 15% by weight, in particular 1 to 10% by weight, based on the sum of components A and B, alone or in any mixtures.

The agent Cg-C \ g-alkyl polyglycol ether sulfonates, glycerol ether sulfonates, glycerin ether sulfates, hydroxy mixed ether sulfates, monoglyceride sulfates, sulfosuccinates, sulfotriglycerides, amide acids, C6-C] g-fatty acid amide ethersulfate ethersulfates, C6-C] g fatty acid amide sulfates, Contain N-Cö-Cig-Acyl-Sarcosinate, N-Cό-C i g-Acyl-Tauride, C _$ -C _\ g-Alkyloligoglycosidsulfate, C _Ö -C \ g-Alkyl-Phosphate and their mixtures

All water-soluble organic and inorganic builder substances are suitable as builder substances. Usable organic builder substances are, for example, mono- and / or polycarboxylates, preferably the polycarboxylic acids used in the form of their sodium salts, such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids, aminocarboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), provided that such an use is ecological from an ecological point of view For reasons not to be objectionable, as well as mixtures of these. Particularly preferred salts are the salts of polycarboxylic acids such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids and mixtures thereof, with sodium citrate being particularly preferred as inorganic Builder substances are, in particular, crystalline, layered sodium silicates of the general formula (I) NaMSi _x θ2 _χ + _] VH2O, where M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20 and is preferred Values for x 2, 3 or 4 are such crystalline sheet silicates described for example in European patent application 164 514. Preferred crystalline sheet silicates of the formula (I) are those in which M represents sodium and x assumes the values 2 or 3. In particular, both β- and δ-sodium disilicates Na2Si2θ5 VH2O are preferred The builders are preferably used in amounts such that the mixture prepared from components A and B contains the builder substances in an amount of 1 to less than 20% by weight, preferably 8 to less than 20% by weight.

Further suitable builder substances are, for example, amorphous silicates with a low water content, preferably with a water content below 15% by weight, and silicates in compound form, for example soda / silicate compounds.

In a preferred embodiment, a mixture of mono- and / or polycarboxylates and crystalline, layered sodium silicates of the general formula (I) NaMSi _x θ2χ +] VH2O is used in the process according to the invention as a builder, where M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number of 1 , 9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20 and are preferred values for x 2, 3 or 4, and / or amorphous silicates. The mono- and / or polycarboxylates and the crystalline phyllosilicates are preferably in a ratio of 4: 1 to 1: 4, preferably 3: 1 to 1: 3 and particularly preferably 1.2: 1 to 1: 1, 2 before.

In a preferred embodiment, enzymes are used as a component of component A in the process according to the invention. Their proportion can be 0.2 to 4% by weight, based on the sum of components A and B. Suitable enzymes are those from the class of proteases, lipases, amylases and cellulases or mixtures thereof. Enzymatic active substances obtained from bacterial strains or fungi, such as Bacillus subtiles, Bacillus licheniformes and Streptomyces griseus, are particularly suitable. The enzymes can be adsorbed onto carrier substances in a manner known per se and / or embedded in coating substances.

Component A may also contain stabilizers for the enzymes. The stabilizers which are also suitable as stabilizers for per-compounds are the salts of polyphosphonic acids, in particular l-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP). The polyphosphonic acids mentioned above are also suitable for binding traces of heavy metal. Suitable complexing agents for heavy metals are, for example, the above-mentioned HEDP and ethylenetriaminepentamethylenephosphonic acid (DTPMP).

Component A can also contain dirt-removing polymers. The dirt-releasing polymers are preferably in an amount of 0.01% by weight to 5% by weight, based on the sum of components A and B, preferably 0.05% by weight to about 3% by weight. contain. Preferred soil release polymers are those polymers which contain ethylene glycol terephthalate groups and polyethylene glycol terephthalate groups, each having 17 to 110 ethylene glycol groups, the molar ratio of ethylene glycol terephthalate to polyethylene glycol terephthalate in the polymer being from 50:50 to 90:10. In these compounds, the molecular weight of the linking polyethylene glycol units is in the range from 750 to 5000. The polymers can have an average molecular weight from approximately 5000 to approximately 200000. Ethylene glycol terephthalate and polyethylene glycol terephthalate can be present in an arbitrarily distributed manner in the polymer.

Preferred polymers are those with molar ratios of ethylene glycol terephthalate / polyethylene glycol terephthalate from 65:35 to 90:10, preferably from 65:35 to 80:20, the linking polyethylene glycol units having a molecular weight of 750 to 5000, preferably 1000 to 3000 and the polymer has a molecular weight of 10,000 to 50,000. An example of commercially available polymers of this type is the product sold under the trade name "Repel-O-Tex SRP3" by Rhône-Poulenc, France.

The dirt-removing polymers which are preferably used can be prepared by known polymerization processes, the starting materials being used in amounts such that the abovementioned ratios of ethylene glycol terephthalate to polyethylene glycol terephthalate are obtained. For example, the processes described in US Pat. No. 3,479,212 can be used to produce suitable polymers.

In addition to the builder substances mentioned above, component A can contain further inorganic substances. In this context, the alkali carbonates, eg. B. soda, alkali hydrogen carbonates, alkali sulfates, phosphates. Such additional inorganic material can be contained in amounts up to 10 wt .-%, based on the sum of components A and B.

As further constituents, component A can contain optical brighteners and graying inhibitors, foam inhibitors, and colorants and fragrances.

The components of component A can be prepared in a manner known per se by simple mixing and subsequent wet grinding.

Component B used in the process according to the invention contains bleaching agents. Compounds that serve as bleaching agents and supply H2O2 in water are, in particular, sodium carbonate, sodium borates, especially sodium perborate tetrahydrate and sodium perborate monohydrate, peroxypyrophosphates, citrate perhydrates and H2O2-delivering peracidic salts or peracids, such as perbenzoates, peroxophthalates, diperazelaic acid or diperdodecanedioic acid, are suitable. Because of the good environmental compatibility, sodium percarbonate is particularly preferred.

Components A and B are mixed in such proportions that an effective amount of bleaching agent is present in the process according to the invention. Components A and B are preferably mixed in such proportions that the mixture obtained contains the bleaching agent in an amount of more than 20 to 35% by weight, preferably more than 20 to 30% by weight.

The incorporation of component A is facilitated if the bleaching agent and preferably the solid particles optionally present have a particle size which is not more than 30% of the particles larger than 5 μm and particularly preferably not more than 10% larger than 10 μm.

In order to achieve an improved bleaching effect when washing at temperatures of 60 ° C. and below, bleach activators can be used. Examples of these are the N-acyl or O-acyl compounds which form organic peracids with H2O2, preferably N, N'-tetraacylated diamines, furthermore carboxylic acid anhydrides and esters of polyols such as glucose pentaacetate. The bleach activators contain bleach activators in the usual range, preferably between 1 and 10% by weight, based on the sum of components A and B, and in particular between 3 and 8% by weight, based on the total of components A and B. Particularly preferred bleach activators are NNN '^' - tetraacetylethylene diamine (TAED) and 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxo-hexahydro-1,3,5-triacine (DAHT).

As further constituents, component B can contain conventional ingredients, which are present in solid or liquid form and are usually present in detergents. Attention is drawn here in particular to the above anionic surfactants and water-soluble and also water-insoluble builder substances and the inorganic substances described above.

Components A and B are added together in the appropriate amounts before the washing process and mixed thoroughly, so that the bleaching agent is distributed as evenly as possible in the liquid surfactant phase. Then the mixture of components A and B 10

the washing process is fed via the metering device located in the washing machine, or the mixture is fed directly, possibly via a special metering device, into the washroom, usually a washing drum.

If a dosing device is used, the washing water can slowly rinse the detergent out of the dosing device

Another object of the present invention is a mixing and dosing device for multi-component detergent systems, which consists of a plurality of hollow bodies which can be connected to one another in each case by means of a displaceable or rotatable locking device, the hollow bodies opening on the surface which abuts another hollow body have, which can be brought into alignment with each other by moving or rotating the hollow body

In the mixing and dosing device according to the invention, individual detergent components that are usually incompatible with one another over a long period of time and cannot be stored in the mixture can be pre-dosed and mixed directly before dosing into the washing machine. For example, a liquid detergent which can be easily metered and which contains no bleaching agent can be metered into a bleaching agent present in solid form, for example in the form of powder or granules, in separate hollow bodies of the device and then mixed by opening the connection between the hollow bodies. The mixture obtained can then be metered into the washing machine. Such a procedure has the advantage that the bleaching agent is evenly distributed in the liquid detergent and is added to the washing machine in dilute form. This prevents high bleaching agent concentrations directly from the textiles to be treated Come into contact, which prevents spotting

According to the invention, the hollow bodies contain at least one opening on each of the surfaces abutting another hollow body. On the one hand, the hollow body can be filled with the respective detergent component via these openings, on the other hand, the openings serve to align them with each other when the hollow bodies are rotated, so that a common cavity is created. The individual components can enter the respective adjacent cavity via the opening, so that the individual components can be mixed According to the invention, the individual hollow bodies are connected via a rotatable or displaceable closure. The hollow bodies are releasably connected to one another. The detachable connection has the advantage that the hollow bodies can be filled separately with the respective detergent components. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hollow bodies are detachably connected to one another via a screw or bayonet connection.

The mixing and dosing device according to the invention is generally made of plastic. Injectable or pourable materials are preferred for cost reasons. For easier dosing, it is preferred that the hollow bodies have a scale clearly visible on their outer wall.

The object of the invention is shown in the accompanying drawing in one embodiment. This drawing is an exploded view of the mixing and dosing device according to the invention.

The mixing and dosing container 1 consists of two hollow bodies 1 and 2. The hollow bodies 1 and 2 have openings 6, 6 'and 7, 7' on their respective abutting surfaces 4 and 5. In the embodiment shown here, the hollow bodies each have two openings 6, 6 'and 7, 7' arranged opposite one another on the surfaces 4 and 5. The openings 6 and 6 'or 7 and 7' can each be arranged at an angle of 170 ° to 190 ° (mean value 180 °) to one another.

The hollow body 1 is preferably a pot-shaped container with a removable lid 3, via which the hollow body can be filled. The hollow body 2, into which the liquid component can be filled, is preferably a hollow cylinder which is closed except for the openings (7, 7 ').

The hollow body 1 has a centering edge 8 which projects towards the hollow body 2 and which is placed on the hollow body 2 when the hollow bodies 1, 2 are assembled. In this way, the two hollow bodies 1, 2 are centered with respect to one another. In the embodiment shown in the figure, the centering edge 8 receives the element 9 of a rotary bayonet belonging to the hollow body 1. The elements 10 of the rotary bayonet belonging to the hollow body 2 are located on the upper edge of the hollow body 2, overlapped by the centering edge 9.

If the hollow bodies 1 and 2 are put together in the form shown here, the openings 6, 6 'and 7.7' through the closed surfaces 5 and 4 of the other hollow body locked. The cutouts 6,6 'and 7,7' assume an angle of 85 ° to 95 ° (mean value 90 °) to each other. The two hollow bodies 1, 2 are then not connected to one another. If the hollow body is rotated by a relative angle of 90 °, the openings 6 and 7 or 6 'and 7' are aligned, so that a continuous cavity is created. The detergent components located in the hollow bodies 1 and 2 can be mixed by simple shaking. For emptying the device, the hollow bodies 1, 2 can be separated again and the emptying takes place via the cutouts 6, 6 'and 7, 7', usually into the detergent compartment of a household washing machine.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the individual components are mixed in the washing drum by their movement. In the embodiment shown here, the hollow body 1 has a perforated cover 3. This embodiment can be used if the device is to be emptied directly in the washing drum. Water can enter the mixing and dosing device through the openings and remove the detergent.

Examples

Components A and B, which contained the constituents given below, were combined in a weight ratio of 2.6 to 1 shortly before washing in the metering device according to the invention, mixed thoroughly and placed in the washing machine.

Component A contained the following components:

1) Dehydol ( ^R ) LT7 is an ethoxylated Ci2-Cιg fatty alcohol with an average of 7 EO units (commercial product from Henkel, Düsseldorf)

2) Dehydol ( ^R ) LST 80/20 is a mixture of 80% of an ethoxylated C ^ -Cig fatty alcohol with an average of 5 EO units and 20% of an ethoxylated Ci2-Ci4 fatty alcohol with an average of 3 EO units (commercial product from Henkel, Düsseldorf).

3) MaranilW A is a C \ j-Ciss-alkylbenzenesulfonate (commercial product from Hüls, Mari)

4) Edenor R) HT 35 is a Ci6-Cιg fatty acid (commercial product from Henkel, Düsseldorf)

5) VP 1132 is a silicone oil (commercial product from Dow Corning)

6) TuφinalW 2 NZ is a hydroxyethyl diphosphonate (commercial product from Henkel, Düsseldorf)

7) BLAP ( ^R ) 140 is a protease (commercial product from Henkel, Düsseldorf) Component B:

Sodium percarbonate

Results:

It was found that the detergent components could be mixed well in the device according to the invention; the bleaching agent was dispersed uniformly in the liquid phase without clumping. The resulting mixture was quickly flushed out of the device from the water entering the washing machine. No spotting effects were observed for the washed laundry.

Reference list

1 hollow body

2 hollow bodies

3 perforated lids

4 surface of the hollow body 1

5 area of the hollow body 2

6.6 'openings in area 4

7,7 'openings in area 5

8 centering edge

9 Element of the rotating bayonet on the hollow body 1

10 element of the rotating bayonet on the hollow body 2

Claims

claims 1. A process for washing textile fabrics in a household washing machine using a non-aqueous liquid detergent with separate bleach, characterized in that the non-aqueous liquid detergent with bleach consists of at least two components, one component A being a liquid surfactant or one liquid surfactant mixture and a component B contains bleach, which are mixed before the washing process and placed in the washing machine. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that component A contains non-ionic surfactants, anionic surfactants and water-soluble builder substances. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the nonionic surfactants are selected from the group of Cg-Ci g-alkyl polyglycol ether. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the anionic surfactants are selected from the group consisting of C6-C22 alkyl sulfates, Cg-Ci g-alkanesulfonates, alkylbenzenesulfonates and / or fatty acid soaps. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the water-soluble builders are a mixture of mono- and or polycarboxylates and crystalline, layered sodium silicates of the general formula (I) NaMSi _x θ2χ + ι yH2θ, where M sodium or means hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20 and preferred values for x are 2, 3 or 4, and / or amorphous silicates. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the monomeric, oligomeric and polymeric carboxylates and the crystalline layered silicates and / or amorphous silicates in a ratio of 4: 1 to 1: 4, preferably 3: 1 to 1: 3, in particular 1 , 2: 1 to 1: 1.2 are present. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that components A and B are premixed in a metering device and are added to the metering device at the beginning of the washing process in the washing drum. 8. Mixing and dosing device for multi-component detergent systems, which consists of several hollow bodies (1, 2) which can be connected to each other via a displaceable or rotatable locking device (9, 10), the hollow bodies (1, 2) on the respective have openings (6, 6 'or 7, 7') on another surface (4,5) abutting another hollow body, which can be aligned relative to one another by moving or rotating the hollow bodies (1,2). 9. Mixing and dosing device according to claim 8, characterized in that the Hollow bodies (1,2) can be connected to each other via a bayonet lock (9,10). 10. Mixing and metering device according to one of claims 8 or 9, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that a hollow body (1) is a pot-shaped container with a removable lid (3). 11. Mixing and dosing device according to claim 10, characterized in that the lid (3) is perforated. 12. Mixing and dosing device according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the other hollow body (2) is a hollow cylinder except for the openings (7, 7 '). 13. Mixing and dosing device according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the openings (6,6 'or 7,7') in the surfaces (4,5) of the hollow body (1,2) each are arranged at an angle of 170 ° to 190 ° to each other. 14. Mixing and metering device according to one of claims 8 to 13, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the openings (6,6 ', 7, 7') are each arranged at an angle of 85 ° to 95 ° to each other when the hollow body 1 and 2 are connected to each other.