DE19511192A1 - Process for washing textile fabrics using a non-aqueous liquid detergent with bleach - Google Patents

Abstract

Claimed is a method of washing woven textile fabrics in a domestic washing machine using a non-aqueous liquid washing agent containing a separate bleaching agent. The method is characterized in that the non-aqueous liquid washing agent containing bleach consists of at least two components, one component (A) containing a liquid surfactant or a liquid-surfactant mixture and the other component (B) containing the bleaching agent, which are mixed and placed in the washing machine before the washing operation. Also claimed is a device for mixing and metering multi-component washing-agent systems, the device consisting of several vessels (1, 2) joined to each other by a locking device (8) which can be displaced or rotated. Each vessel (1, 2) has an aperture (6, 6' or 7, 7') in the surface (4, 5) which is in contact with another vessel. The apertures can be brought into alignment with each other by displacing or rotating the vessels. The method and device enable a liquid washing agent containing bleach to be obtained in which the bleach is uniformly distributed and which can be added to the wash without spotting problems occurring.

Description

The present invention relates to a method for washing textiles Fabrics using a non-aqueous liquid detergent with sepa rater bleach in a household washing machine as well as a mixing and do siervorrichtung, which is used in this method.

Commercial liquid detergents generally contain anionic and non-ionic surfactants and water as a solvent. Incorporation of Bleach systems in these liquid detergents has proven difficult proven that the bleach is very easy in the presence of water decomposes. In addition, there is a risk that the bleach, esp special percarbonates, when incorporated into the liquid formulations clump together. These clumps can cause excessive bleaching locally concentrations come to spot, especially with colorful textiles ting problems and would be an even bleaching lead performance in the wash liquor is no longer guaranteed.

Various liquid detergent compositions are found in the literature described, which may contain bleach.

For example, from European patent application 30 096 are non-aqueous liquid detergents made of liquid nonionic surfactants known 20 to 70 wt .-% builder substances and 1 to 20 wt .-% bleach in may contain suspended form. If desired, you can use Mit anionic surfactants, such as alkylbenzenesulfonates, olefin sulfonates, alkyl sulfates or soap, optical brighteners, dyes, fragrances or enzymes be added. It is preferred that the bleaching agent be a particle  Size has that no more than 30% of the particles larger than 5 microns and are particularly preferably not more than 10% larger than 10 μm.

In EP-B 0 460 810 a non-aqueous, liquid cleaning agent is combined described for dishwashers that use a non-aqueous, organic carrier liquid and at least one component selected made of organic detergent, detergent builder, foam inhibitor gate and mixtures thereof and a component selected from one non-abrasive amount from 0.5 to 10% of small, essentially what serially insoluble particles of silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide or titanium oxide or mixtures thereof as an anti-filming agent. That be written agents may also contain 3 to 15% by weight of bleach.

WO 94/01524 describes an essentially non-aqueous liquid detergent described that up to 60 wt .-% builder sub in addition to nonionic surfactant punch and contains between 5 and 35 wt .-% bleach. The one described liquid detergent composition also contains a polymer compound the viscosity of the dispersion of solid builders and Bleach in nonionic surfactant reduced to a flow and pour able to maintain composition.

In the German patent application 36 26 572 a liquid detergent is wrote the builder, especially polyacetal carboxylate, a die Anti-gelling agent and anti-weaning agent dispersed in a liquid nonionic surfactant.

The literature describes that for a stable dispersion the solid particles in liquid surfactants before the solid particles should have a particle size that no more than 10% of the Particles are larger than 10 µm. But it turned out to be difficult the bleaching agents evenly and without clumping in the liquid phase to disperse and a bleach-containing non-aqueous liquid wash to produce agents that are stable in storage over a longer period of time.  

As an alternative to the multi-component washing and Cleaning agents are also known as modular systems on the market knows. The individual system components, usually as solids available, are metered in via the addition compartment of the washing machine and in the washing drum mixed. But are liquid components and included for example, if the liquid detergent is stored for a long time, do not inert components before, it would be beneficial to the individual components such as a liquid detergent without bleach and in fe Add the existing bleach separately. Particularly advantageous It is the liquid detergent and the solid components before adding to the washing machine to mix, to evenly distribute the To achieve bleach in the detergent.

Various dosing systems for washing and cleaning are described in the literature described. In European patent applications EP-A 0 288 345, EP-A 0 288 346 and EP-A 0 331 542 are two-part containers wrote, in each of which a preferably flows through separate openings detergent and an incompatible with the detergent ches additive, for example a bleach, also preferably in be given in liquid form. The containers described consist of egg nem larger container into which another container or bag is inserted becomes. Both containers or departments are separate with the corresponding ones Liquids can be filled.

The filled Be described in the above publications container is placed in the washing drum of a normal household washing machine and the liquid components diffuse during the washing process into the drum and are mixed there. However, this device has the disadvantage that a uniform release of the bleaching agent only in rivers siger form can take place. In addition, the bleach is undiluted is given, and it spotting in direct contact with the laundry can lead. Another economic and ecological disadvantage this container is that it is only for single use.  

The German utility model G 8801920.9 discloses a metering memory for receiving and dispensing laundry treatment agents, especially liquid gene laundry treatment agents, in a washing machine or the like, the at least two mutually liquid-tight receiving chambers, each has at least one delivery opening. The individual reception chambers can Various laundry treatment agents, such as those known as so-called called "modular detergents" are included. With two shots can be a liquid laundry treatment agent and another absorb the bleaching component. The substances are separated through the respective discharge openings of the dosing reservoir into the wash water delivered. Also with the help of the Do described in the utility model sierspeichers existing bleach as an undiluted substance in dispensed the washing drum, which in turn causes the above "Spotting problems" can occur.

The present invention was based on the object of a method for wa washing textile fabrics using a non-aqueous liquid detergent with bleach available in a household washing machine too make, which does not have the above disadvantages.

Another object of the present invention is to dispense direction to make available, which enables two with each other incompatible, d. H. for a long time together in a recipe la storable, detergent components separately in a single device dose, then mix in this device and get dosed mixture directly into the washing machine.

The present invention relates to a method for washing textile fabrics in a household washing machine using a non-aqueous liquid detergent with separate bleach that ge is characterized in that the non-aqueous liquid detergent with bleach there is at least two components, one component A being a liquid Surfactant or a liquid surfactant mixture and a component B bleach tel contains, which is mixed before washing and put into the washing machine are given.  

It was surprisingly found that the bleach-containing Component B in a simple manner, usually for household washing machines Mix the required amount with the liquid component A. and thus give a non-aqueous liquid detergent with bleach. It it was found that when using this directly before the wash cycle produced liquid detergents described from the prior art mentioned disadvantages are not observed. The method according to the invention for washing textile fabrics essentially leads to the same Results like the well-known powdered universal detergent, the Bleach included. The system used according to the invention has the further advantage that the amount of bleach depending on the type of rei the amount of bleaching agent can be dosed accordingly.

The non-aqueous liquid wash used in the process according to the invention medium with separate bleach consists of at least two components. The According to the invention, component A contains liquid surfactant or a liquid one Surfactant mixture. Component A preferably contains nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants and water-soluble builder substances.

For the purposes of this invention, "essentially not aqueous" means that the agent preferably no free, not as crystal water or in ver similar form contains bound water to decompose the To prevent peroxide bleach. In some cases, small amounts free water tolerable, especially in amounts up to 5% by weight where with the ratio of bleach to free water at least 3: 1 be should wear.

The nonionic surfactants used are preferably liquid, alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated, in particular primary alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms (alkyl polyglycol ether) and an average of 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol in which the alcohol residue is linear or in 2-position may be methyl branched, or may contain linear and methyl branched radicals in the mixture, as are usually present in oxo alcohol radicals. In particular, however, alcohol ethoxylates with linear residues of alcohols of native origin with 12 to 18 carbon atoms are preferred, for. B. from coconut oil, tallow oil or oleyl alcohol, which can have an average of 2 to 8 EO units per mole of alcohol. The preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C₁₂-C₁₄ alcohols with 3 EO units or 7 EO units, C₉-C₁₁ alcohols with 3 EO units, 5 EO units or 7 EO units and mixtures of these, such as mixtures from C₁₂-C₁₄ alcohol with 3 EO units and C₁₂-C₁₈ alcohol with 5 EO units. The degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical mean values which can be an integer or a fraction for a specific product. Preferred alcohol alkoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE).

The agent according to the invention can be alkyl as further nonionic surfactants Contain polyglycosides, fatty acid alkyl esters and polyhydroxy fatty acid amides ten.

C anion-C₂₂-alkyl sulfates, C--C₁₈-alkanesulfonates, alkylbenzenesulfonates and / or fatty acid soaps are preferably used as anionic surfactants. Particularly suitable as alkyl sulfates are the sulfuric acid monoesters of C₆-C₁₈ fatty alcohols, such as lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol or the fatty alcohol mixtures obtained from coconut oil, palm and palm kernel oil, which additionally contain proportions of unsaturated alcohols, e.g. B. oleyl alcohol. Preferred mixtures are those in which the proportion of the alkyl radicals is 50 to 70% by weight on C ₁₂₁ 18 to 30% by weight on C₁₄, 5 to 15% by weight on C₁₆, less than 3% by weight are distributed on C₁₀ and less than 10 wt .-% on C₁₈.

As surfactants of the sulfonate type are preferably C₉-C₁₃-alkylbenzenesul fonates, C₁₂-C₁₈ alkanesulfonates, olefin sulfonates, d. H. Mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkanesulfonates and disulfonates, such as those used for example from C₁₂-C₁₈ alkanes or C₁₂-C₁₈ monoolefins with terminal or internal Double bond by sulfonation with gaseous sulfur trioxide and closing alkaline or acidic hydrolysis of the sulfonation products considers.  

Saturated fatty acid soaps, the salts of Lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid or stearic acid, and in particular special from natural fatty acids, e.g. B. coconut, palm kernel or tallow fat acids, derived soap mixtures, suitable. The sulfuric acid monoesters and the soaps in total in an amount of 1 to 15% by weight, especially special 1 to 10% by weight, based on the sum of components A and B, alone or in any mixtures.

The agent Cische-C₁ das-Al kylpolyglykolethersulfonate, Glycerinethersulfonate, Glycerinethersulfate, Hydroxy mixed ether sulfates, monoglyceride sulfates, sulfosuccinates, Sulfotri glycerides, amic acids, C₆-C₁₈ fatty acid amide ether sulfates, C₆-C₁₈ alkyl carboxylates, fatty acid isethlonates, N-C₆-C₁₆ acyl sarcosinates, N-C₆-C₁₈- Acyl taurides, C₆-C₁₈ alkylollgoglycoside sulfates, C₆-C₁₈ alkyl phosphates so how their mixtures contain.

All water-soluble organic and inorganic builder substances are suitable as builder substances. Usable organic builder substances are, for example, mono- and / or polycarboxylates, preferably the polycarboxylic acids used in the form of their sodium salts, such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids, aminocarboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), provided that such use is used for ecological reasons is not objectionable, as well as mixtures of these. Particularly preferred salts are the salts of polycarboxylic acids such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids and mixtures of these, with sodium citrate being particularly preferred. As inorganic builder substances are in particular crystalline, layered sodium silicates of the general formula (I) NaMSixO _{2x + 1 · y} H₂O, where M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20 and preferred values for x 2, 3 or 4 are. Such crystalline layered silicates are described, for example, in European patent application 164 514. Preferred crystalline layered silicates of the formula (I) are those in which M is sodium and x is 2 or 3. In particular, both β and δ-sodium disilicate Na₂Si₂O _{5 · y} H₂O are preferred.

The builders are preferably used in quantities that the compo nents A and B produced the builder substances in an amount from 1 to less than 20% by weight, preferably 8 to less than 20% by weight contains.

Other suitable builder substances are, for example, amorphous silicates with a low water content, preferably with a water content below 15% by weight, and silicates in compound form, for example soda / silicate com pounds.

In a preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention, a mixture of mono- and / or polycarboxylates and crystalline, layered sodium silicates of the general formula (I) NaMSi _x O _{2x + 1 · y} H₂O is used as a builder, where M is sodium or hydrogen, x a number from 1.9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20 and are preferred values for x 2, 3 or 4, and / or amorphous silicates. The mono- and / or polycarboxylates and the crystalline layered silicates are preferably in a ratio of 4: 1 to 1: 4, preferably 3: 1 to 1: 3 and particularly preferably 1.2: 1 to 1: 1, 2 before.

In a preferred embodiment, in the method according to the invention Enzymes used as a component of component A. Their share can be 0.2 up to 4 wt .-%, based on the sum of components A and B. As Enzymes come from the class of proteases, lipases, amylases and Cellulases or their mixtures in question. Are particularly well suited Strains of bacteria or fungi such as Bacillus subtiles, Bacillus lichenifor mes and Streptomyces griseus enzymatic active ingredients obtained. The enzymes can be adsorbed onto carriers and / or in a manner known per se Envelope substances are embedded.

Component A may also contain stabilizers for the enzymes. As stabilizers, which are also suitable as stabilizers for Peruerbindungen  net, come the salts of polyphosphonic acids, especially 1-hydroxy ethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) into consideration. The above Polyphosphonic acids are also suitable to trace traces of heavy metal the. Examples of suitable complexing agents for heavy metals are the aforementioned HEDP and the ethylenetriaminepentamethylenephos phonic acid (DTPMP) suitable.

Component A can also contain dirt-removing polymers. The dirt-removing polymers are preferred in an amount of 0.01% by weight to 5 wt .-%, based on the sum of components A and B, preferably 0.05% to about 3% by weight. Preferred soil release poly mers are those polymers which contain ethylene glycol terephthalate groups and Po ethylene glycol terephthalate groups, each 17 to 110 ethylene glycol have groups contain, the molar ratio of ethylene glycols rephthalate to polyethylene glycol terephthalate in the polymer from 50:50 to 90:10 is. In these compounds, the molecular weight of the ver tying polyethylene glycol units in the range of 750 to 5000. Die Polymers can have an average molecular weight of about 5000 to own about 200,000. In the polymer, ethylene glycol terephthalate and Po Lyethylene glycol terephthalate is distributed arbitrarily.

Preferred polymers are those with molar ratios of ethylene glycol terephthalate thalate / polyethylene glycol terephthalate from 65:35 to 90:10, preferably from 65: 35 to 80: 20, wherein the linking polyethylene glycol units Molecular weight from 750 to 5000, preferably 1000 to 3000 and the polymer re has a molecular weight of 10,000 to 50,000. An example for Commercial polymers of this type is under the trade name "Repel-O-Tex SRP3" product sold by Rhne-Poulenc, France.

The preferred dirt-removing polymers can be known te polymerization processes are prepared, the starting material alien be used in such amounts to the above ratio from ethylene glycol terephthalate to polyethylene glycol terephthalate receive. For example, those described in U.S. Patent No. 3,479,212 Processes for the production of suitable polymers can be used.  

In addition to the builder substances mentioned above, component A contain other inorganic substances. Can be used as suitable substances in this context the alkali carbonates, e.g. B. soda, alkali hydrogen car bonates, alkali sulfates, phosphates are called. Such additional inorganic material can be present in amounts of up to 10% by weight Sum of components A and B may be included.

As further constituents, component A can include optical brighteners and Graying inhibitors, foam inhibitors, and dyes and fragrances hold.

The components of component A can be carried out in a manner known per se simple mixing and subsequent wet grinding.

Component B used in the process according to the invention contains Bleach. As a bleaching agent, in water H₂O₂ supplying verb are especially sodium percarbonate, sodium borates, in particular the sodium perborate tetrahydrate and the sodium perborate monohydrate, peroxy pyrophosphates, citrate perhydrates and H₂O₂ delivering peracid salts or Peracids such as perbenzoates, peroxophthalates, diperazelaic acid or diper dodecanedioic acid. Because of the good environmental compatibility, sodium percarbonate used particularly preferably.

Components A and B are mixed in such proportions that in the process of the invention an effective amount of bleach lies. Components A and B are preferred in such quantities conditions mixed that the mixture obtained the bleach in a Amount of over 20 to 35 wt .-%, preferably over 20 to 30 wt .-%, contains.

The incorporation of component A is facilitated if the bleach and preferably one part of the solid particles optionally contained have a size that does not exceed 30% of the particles larger than 5 µm and particularly preferably are not more than 10% larger than 10 µm.  

To improve when washing at temperatures of 60 ° C and below To achieve bleaching effects, bleach activators can be used. Examples for this are the N-acyl or O- forming organic peracids with H₂O₂ Acyl compounds, preferably N, N'-tetraacylated diamines, also Car bonic anhydrides and esters of polyols such as glucose pentaacetate. The Ge The bleaching agent contains bleach activators Lichen range, preferably between 1 and 10 wt .-%, based on the Sum of components A and B, and in particular between 3 and 8% by weight, based on the sum of components A and B. Particularly preferred Bleach activators are N, N, N ', N'-tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) and 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxo-hexahydro-1,3,5-triacine (DAHT).

As further components, component B can be customary, in solid or Contain liquid ingredients present, which are usually in Detergents are available. Here in particular the anio above African surfactants, as well as water-soluble and water-insoluble builders substances as well as the inorganic substances described above sen.

Components A and B are put in the appropriate before washing Amounts put together and mixed thoroughly so that the bleach is distributed as evenly as possible in the liquid surfactant phase. Then ßend the mixture of components A and B over the washing process the dosing device in the washing machine is fed, or the mixture is directly, if necessary using a special dosing device, in the washroom, usually a washing drum.

If a dosing device is used, the wash water can wash the detergent Rinse the agent slowly out of the dosing device.

Another object of the present invention is a mix and do siervorrichtung for multi-component detergent systems that consist of several each with a slidable or rotatable locking device other connectable hollow bodies, the hollow body depending on the because they have openings on another hollow body,  which move relative to one another by moving or rotating the hollow body who can bring to escape.

In the mixing and dosing device according to the invention can directly before dosing into the washing machine individually, usually over a long time not compatible with each other in the past period. H. in the mixture not la storable detergent components are pre-dosed and mixed. Example Wise can be a well-dosed liquid detergent that is not a bleach contains, with one in solid form, for example as a powder or granu lat, present bleach in each case in separate hollow bodies of the pre direction metered and then by opening the connection between the hollow bodies are mixed. The mixture obtained can then be washed in the washing machine be dosed. Such an approach has the advantage that the bleach is evenly distributed in the liquid detergent and Put it in the washing machine in diluted form. This is missing that high bleach concentrations directly with those to be treated Textiles come into contact, which prevents spotting.

According to the invention, the hollow bodies each contain another Surfaces abutting the hollow body have at least one opening. About this opening gene can the hollow body on the one hand with the respective detergent component are filled, on the other hand, the openings serve to ensure that they are used during rotate the hollow body aligned with each other so that a common hollow space arises. Via the opening, the individual components in the each adjacent cavity arrive, so that the mixing of the individual NEN components can be done.

According to the invention, the individual hollow bodies are connected via a rotatable or slidable closure. The hollow bodies are detachable connected with each other. The detachable connection has the advantage that the Hollow bodies separated from each other with the respective detergent components can be filled. In a preferred embodiment of the present the invention is the hollow body via a screw or bayonet connection releasably connected to each other.  

The mixing and dosing device according to the invention is usually made Made of plastic. For cost reasons, are sprayable or pourable Materials preferred. For easier dosing, it is preferred that the Hollow bodies have a scale clearly visible on their outer wall.

The object of the invention is in one in the accompanying drawing Embodiment shown. This drawing is an exploded view the mixing and metering device according to the invention.

The mixing and dosing container 1 consists of two hollow bodies 1 and 2 . The hollow body 1 and 2 have at their abutting surfaces 4 and 5 openings 6 , 6 and 7 , 7 '. In the embodiment shown here, the hollow bodies on the surfaces 4 and 5 each have two openings 6 , 6 and 7 , 7 arranged opposite one another. The openings 6 and 6 or 7 and 7 'can each be arranged at an angle of 170 ° to 190 ° (average 180 °) to each other.

The hollow body 1 is preferably a pot-shaped container with a removable lid 3 , via which the hollow body can be filled. The hollow body 2 , in which the liquid component can be filled is preferably a hollow cylinder which is closed except for the openings ( 7 , 7 ').

The hollow body 1 has a hollow body 2 toward the projecting centering shoulder 8, which up to the hollow body 2 during assembly of the hollow body 1, 2 is set. In this way, both hollow bodies 1 , 2 are zen triert to each other. In the embodiment shown in the figure, the centering edge 8 receives the element 9 of a rotary bayonet belonging to the hollow body 1 . The hollow body 2 corresponding elements 10 of the rotary bayonet befin the at the top, is overlapped by the centering edge 9 of the hollow body. 2

If you put the hollow body 1 and 2 together in the form shown here, the openings 6 , 6 and 7 , 7 'are closed by the closed surfaces 5 and 4 of the other hollow body. The sections 6 , 6 and 7 , 7 assume an angle of 85 ° to 95 ° (mean 90 °) to each other. The two hollow bodies 1 , 2 are then not connected to one another. If you rotate the hollow body by a relative angle of 90 °, the openings 6 and 7 or 6 and 7 'are aligned, so that a continuous cavity is formed. The detergent components located in the hollow bodies 1 and 2 can be mixed by simple shaking. For Entlee ren the device, the hollow body 1 , 2 can be separated again and the emptying takes place via the cutouts 6 , 6 and 7 , 7 usually in the detergent compartment of a household washing machine.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the mixing of the individual components in the washing drum takes place by moving them. In the embodiment shown here, the hollow body 1 has a perforated cover 3 . This embodiment can be used if the emptying of the device is to take place directly in the washing drum. Water can enter the mixing and dosing device through the openings and remove the detergent.

Examples

Components A and B, which contained the components listed below ten were in a weight ratio of 2.6 to 1 just before washing combined in the metering device according to the invention, thoroughly ver mixes and put in the washing machine.

Component A contained the following components:

Component B:
Sodium percarbonate

Results

It was found that the detergent components in the Allow the device according to the invention to mix well, which was bleach dispersed evenly and without clumping in the liquid phase. The The mixture obtained was transferred from the device into the washing machine incoming water quickly flushed out. With the washed laundry no spotting effects were observed.

Reference list

1 hollow body
2 hollow bodies
3 perforated lids
4 surface of the hollow body 1
5 surface of the hollow body 2
6 , 6 openings in area 4
7 , 7 openings in area 5
8 centering edge
9 Element of the rotating bayonet on the hollow body 1
10 Element of the rotating bayonet on the hollow body 2

Claims (14)

1. A method for washing textile fabrics in a household washing machine using a non-aqueous liquid detergent with separate bleach, characterized in that the non-aqueous liquid detergent with bleach consists of at least two components, one component A being a liquid surfactant or a contains liquid surfactant mixture and a component B bleach, which is mixed before the washing process and placed in the washing machine. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the compo nente A non-ionic surfactants, anionic surfactants and water-soluble Contains builder substances. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the nonionic surfactants are selected from the group of C₈-C₁₈ alkyl polyglycol ethers. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the anionic surfactants are selected from the group consisting from C₆-C₂₂-alkyl sulfates, C₈-C₁₈-alkanesulfonates, alkylbenzenesul fonaten and / or fatty acid soaps. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the water-soluble builders are a mixture of mono- and / or polycarboxylates and crystalline, layered sodium silicates of the general formula (I) NaMSi _x O _{2x + 1 · y} H₂O, wherein M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20 and preferred values for x are 2, 3 or 4, and / or amorphous silicates. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the monomers ren, ollgomerischen and polymeric carboxylates and the crystalline Layered silicates and / or amorphous silicates in a ratio of  4: 1 to 1: 4, preferably 3: 1 to 1: 3, in particular 1.2: 1 to 1 1.2 are present. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that components A and B are premixed in a metering device and in the dosing device at the beginning of the washing process Wash drum to be given. 8. Mixing and dosing device for multi-component detergent systems, which consists of several each via a displaceable or rotatable Ver locking device ( 9 , 10 ) interconnectable hollow bodies ( 1 , 2 ), the hollow body ( 1 , 2 ) on each another hollow body abutting surface ( 4 , 5 ) have openings ( 6 , 6 or 7 , 7 ) which can be aligned by moving or rotating the hollow body ( 1 , 2 ) relative to each other. 9. Mixing and dosing device according to claim 8, characterized in that the hollow body ( 1 , 2 ) via a bayonet lock ( 9 , 10 ) are interconnected. 10. Mixing and dosing device according to one of claims 8 or 9, characterized in that a hollow body ( 1 ) is a pot-shaped container ter with removable cover ( 3 ). 11. Mixing and dosing device according to claim 10, characterized in that the lid ( 3 ) is perforated. 12. Mixing and dosing device according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the other hollow body ( 2 ) is a hollow cylinder except for the openings ( 7 , 7 ') closed. 13. Mixing and metering device according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the openings ( 6 , 6 or 7 , 7 ) in the surfaces ( 4 , 5 ) of the hollow body ( 1 , 2 ) each in one Angles of 170 ° to 190 ° to each other are arranged. 14. Mixing and metering device according to one of claims 8 to 13, characterized in that the openings ( 6 , 6 , 7 , 7 ') are each arranged at an angle of 85 ° to 95 ° to each other when the hollow body by ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) are interconnected.