WO1996012923A1 - Process and device for the extraction of water from fresh grass and the final drying of the pre-treated grass - Google Patents
Process and device for the extraction of water from fresh grass and the final drying of the pre-treated grass Download PDFInfo
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- WO1996012923A1 WO1996012923A1 PCT/CH1995/000239 CH9500239W WO9612923A1 WO 1996012923 A1 WO1996012923 A1 WO 1996012923A1 CH 9500239 W CH9500239 W CH 9500239W WO 9612923 A1 WO9612923 A1 WO 9612923A1
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- grass
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B5/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat
- F26B5/14—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by applying pressure, e.g. wringing; by brushing; by wiping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
- F26B17/02—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by belts carrying the materials; with movement performed by belts or elements attached to endless belts or chains propelling the materials over stationary surfaces
- F26B17/08—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by belts carrying the materials; with movement performed by belts or elements attached to endless belts or chains propelling the materials over stationary surfaces the belts being arranged in a sinuous or zig-zag path
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B7/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes using a combination of processes not covered by a single one of groups F26B3/00 and F26B5/00
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for withdrawing water from fresh grass and for post-drying the pretreated grass.
- the object of the present invention is now to provide a method and an apparatus for carrying out the method with which freshly cut damp grass can be dried very gently.
- the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention enable the grass to be prepared for subsequent pressing by means of heat treatment with hot steam, in which pressing approximately 80% of the water content can be driven out without damaging the fine leaves and grasses.
- the residual water content can be reduced to the desired level in a subsequent air drying process in a heat-insulated, hermetically sealed room with a very small amount of energy and low heat losses.
- the heat treatment requires very little energy because the fresh and still cold grass that is supplied can be preheated with the warm water expelled in the press.
- the grass lies on a vapor-permeable belt and is only turned a few times. This avoids mechanical stress and damage.
- the grass components are also treated extremely gently during subsequent pressing.
- the residual moisture is dried out with warm air also on a belt with which the grass components can be prevented from flexing.
- Another advantage of the method is that the farmer can harvest the feed at the stage, ie at the time of its highest nutritional value, regardless of the weather.
- the compact design of the device allows it to be built on a vehicle, thereby allowing multiple farmers to use it on their own farm. Furthermore, the grass being treated only comes into contact with oxygen for a short time between the individual process steps, thereby maintaining its beautiful green color.
- the invention is described in more detail below with the aid of an illustrated embodiment.
- the single figure shows a schematic representation of the drying device.
- Freshly cut moist fresh grass hereinafter referred to as grass G 1
- a first transport device 1 designed as a vibrating device, for example a conveyor belt or an eccentric conveyor, into a tub 2 filled with warm press water, the origin of which will be described later.
- the grass G and any stones S contained therein are separated on the transport device 1.
- a further separation takes place in the tub 2 filled to the brim, into which the grass G is introduced.
- the grass G- introduced into the tub 2 is fed into a well by a first conveyor 4 through an inlet 6 conducted heat-insulated housing 5, which is part of a heat treatment device 3.
- the conveyor device 4 has a plurality of drivers which gently transport the grass vertically upwards.
- a plurality of essentially horizontally circumferential perforated bands 7 are arranged one above the other in the heat-insulated housing 5.
- five such belts 7 rotating around two rollers 9 each are shown.
- more bands 7 can also be used in order to increase the residence time T of the grass G 1 accordingly.
- the rollers are driven by a motor 11 which is preferably adjustable in speed.
- the belts 7 lying one above the other are offset from one another in the longitudinal direction, the output-side end of the respective overhead strand coming to lie above the inlet-side overhead strand of the belt 7 below it. Below the lowest band 7 is one
- the steam generating device 13 used in the housing 5.
- the steam generating device 13 consists of a trough 15 for holding water, which can be heated and evaporated by a heating device 17, here represented schematically by a number of burners.
- heating elements can of course also be used in the trough 15, or hot steam can be generated externally and introduced into the housing 5 from below.
- Steam generating device 13 preferably extends over the entire length of the lowermost belt 7.
- a second conveyor device 19 is attached below the outlet end of the lowermost belt 7 which the heat-treated grass G 2 falling from the belt 7 at the outlet end can be led out of the housing 5 through an outlet 20.
- the press 23 can be designed like a fruit press.
- a hydraulically operated piston 25 presses with a plate 27 in one or more press strokes about 70% to 80% of the water contained in the grass G 2 .
- a belt press or a pair of squeeze rollers can also be used for gentle pressing.
- the press water is collected and passed through a preferably insulated line 29 to a sprinkler system 31.
- the sprinkler system 31 can be arranged above the transport device 1, on the conveyor device 4 or above the belt 7 located at the top in the housing 5. It is designed and intended to distribute the warm water expelled from the grass G 2 in the press 23 over the fresh, still cold grass G and to warm it up slowly before it reaches the steam atmosphere.
- the pressed grass G 3 becomes 23 after the press loosened up.
- a vibrator 33 can be used for the loosening, which gently loosens the compressed grass G 3 . If the work is carried out continuously, a vibrating belt can also be used. At the same time, this enables the transport of the grass G 3 from the press 23 to a drying room 35.
- the drying room 35 consists of an insulated box 37, in which several peripheral perforated conveyor belts 39 are inserted.
- the arrangement of the conveyor belts 39 is the same as in the heat treatment device 3.
- the conveyor belt 39 lying at the bottom can be led out through an opening 41 in the box 37 in order to simplify the removal of the dried grass G 4 .
- the drying space 35 shown in the figure below the box 5 can also be arranged laterally as an independent unit of the heat treatment device 3.
- a centrifuge or another means for driving the water out of the grass G 2 could also be used.
- the entire system i.e. the heat treatment device, the press 23, the vibrator 33 and the drying room 35 can be built on a chassis with wheels 41, so that the system can be used at different locations.
- Freshly cut grass G-- is applied to the first transport device 1 and from it into the tub 2 initiated. Contaminants, such as stones and earth, sink downward in the tub 2 and can be removed through an outlet 43 with the contaminated press water.
- the cleaned and slightly warmed grass G- is transported by the drivers on the first conveyor 4 onto the first belt 7 located in the top of the box 5. It is conveyed further from the first belt 7 to the opposite end and deposited there on the second belt 7 arranged below. The grass mass in ribbon form is carefully turned over. This process is repeated up to the lowest band 7.
- Hot water vapor is continuously passed through the grass G 1 through the perforated bands 7, and its pores are carefully opened.
- the dwell time t of the grass G- in the heat treatment device 3 can be set at a temperature T of 60 * to 90 ', preferably 70 * to 80'.
- the heat-treated grass G 2 is led out of the heat treatment device 3 through the outlet 20 on the second conveyor device 19 to the press 23 and the water is largely, ie approximately 70% to 80%, squeezed out.
- one or more pressings can take place in succession.
- the squeezed warm press water is returned through line 29 and distributed to the newly fed grass G 1 in order to warm it up gently and to avoid a thermal shock when entering the warm steam atmosphere.
- the pressed grass G is first passed over the vibrator 33 and loosened up before it is fed to the drying room 35 and there carefully dried on conveyor belts 37 by warm air. It leaves the drying room 35 through the opening 41 as undamaged dry material G 4 without sheet loss.
- the pretreated and pressed grass can alternatively or additionally be placed in a box, e.g. of the size 4m x 4m x 5m, introduced and dried out there with a conventional hay blower. In this way, damage to the dry grass can be ruled out until it is fed to the cattle.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)
- Preparation Of Fruits And Vegetables (AREA)
- Storage Of Fruits Or Vegetables (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Entzug von Wasser aus Frischgras und zum Nachtrocknen des vorbehandelten GrasesMethod and device for removing water from fresh grass and for drying the pretreated grass
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Entzug von Wasser aus Frischgras und zum Nachtrocknen des vorbehandelten Grases gemäss Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1. Die Erfindung betrifft weiter eine Vorrichtung zum Entzug von Wasser aus Frischgras und zum Nachtrocknen des vorbehandelten Grases gemäss Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 6.The invention relates to a method for withdrawing water from fresh grass and for post-drying the pretreated grass.
Zur Konservierung von Gras bieten sich verschiedene Verfahren an. Das bekannteste ist die Trocknung an der Sonne, ein anderes häufig angewendetes Verfahren ist die Trocknung im Ofen. Das erstgenannte Verfahren benötigt keine oder nur wenig Fremdenergie, falls im Heustock eine Nachtrocknung mit einer Belüftungsanlage erfolgt. Die Ofentrocknung ist sehr energieaufwendig und daher teuer. Beiden Verfahren haftet ein weiterer sehr gravierender Mangel an. Sowohl beim Trocknen im Freien als auch im Ofen können die feinen Gräser und insbesondere die feinen Blätter an den Gräsern und in den anderen blättrigen Bestandteilen des Grases durch die mechanische Bearbeitung sehr stark beschädigt werden. Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass der grösste Teil dieser feinen Blätter bei der Ernte auf dem Feld zurückbleibt oder als staubför iger Anteil in der Trockensubstanz vorliegt. Dieser staubförmige Anteil bildet zusammen mit Wasser eine schleimige Substanz, die insbesondere von Kühen nicht gefressen wird.Various methods are available for the conservation of grass. The best known is drying in the sun, another commonly used method is drying in the oven. The first-mentioned process requires little or no external energy if the hay is dried with a ventilation system. Oven drying is very energy-intensive and therefore expensive. Both procedures have another very serious defect. Both when drying outdoors and in the oven, the fine grasses and in particular the fine leaves on the grasses and in the other leafy components of the grass can be very severely damaged by the mechanical processing. Studies have shown that the majority of these fine leaves remain in the field when harvested or are present in the dry matter as a dusty fraction. This dusty part, together with water, forms a slimy substance that cows in particular do not is eaten.
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht nun darin, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens zu schaffen, mit denen frisch geschnittenes feuchtes Gras sehr schonend getrocknet werden kann.The object of the present invention is now to provide a method and an apparatus for carrying out the method with which freshly cut damp grass can be dried very gently.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 und durch eine Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 6.This object is achieved by a method with the features of claim 1 and by a device with the features of claim 6.
Überraschenderweise gelingt es mit dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren sowie mit der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung, das Gras durch die Wärmebehandlung mit Heissdampf für eine nachfolgende Pressung vorzubereiten, bei welcher Pressung ohne Schädigung der feinen Blätter und Gräser ca. 80% des Wassergehaltes ausgetrieben werden können. Der Restwassergehalt kann in einem anschliessenden Lufttrockungsvorgang in einem wärmeisolierten, hermetisch verschliessbaren Raum mit einer sehr geringen Energiemenge und geringen Wärmeverlusten auf das gewünschte Mass reduziert werden. Die Wärmebehandlung benötigt sehr wenig Energie, weil das zugeführte frische und noch kalte Gras mit dem in der Presse ausgetriebenen warmen Wasser vorgewärmt werden kann. Das Gras liegt während der überwiegenden Zeit bei der Wärmebehandlung auf einem dampfdurchlässigen Band und wird nur wenige Male gewendet. Dadurch wird die mechanische Beanspruchung und damit eine Schädigung vermieden. Auch beim nachfolgenden Pressen werden die Grasbestandteile äusserst schonend behandelt. Die Austrocknung der Restfeuchte mit Warmluft erfolgt ebenfalls auf einem Band, mit dem eine Walkung der Grasbestandteile vermieden werden kann. Ein weiterer Vorteil des Verfahrens besteht darin, dass der Landwirt im wesentlichen wetterunabhängig das Futter im Stadium, d.h. im Zeitpunkt seines höchsten Nährwertes ernten kann.Surprisingly, the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention enable the grass to be prepared for subsequent pressing by means of heat treatment with hot steam, in which pressing approximately 80% of the water content can be driven out without damaging the fine leaves and grasses. The residual water content can be reduced to the desired level in a subsequent air drying process in a heat-insulated, hermetically sealed room with a very small amount of energy and low heat losses. The heat treatment requires very little energy because the fresh and still cold grass that is supplied can be preheated with the warm water expelled in the press. During the heat treatment, the grass lies on a vapor-permeable belt and is only turned a few times. This avoids mechanical stress and damage. The grass components are also treated extremely gently during subsequent pressing. The residual moisture is dried out with warm air also on a belt with which the grass components can be prevented from flexing. Another advantage of the method is that the farmer can harvest the feed at the stage, ie at the time of its highest nutritional value, regardless of the weather.
Die kompakte Bauweise der Vorrichtung erlaubt es, diese auf einem Fahrzeug aufzubauen und dadurch eine Benutzung durch mehrere Landwirt auf dem eigenen Hof zu gestatten. Im weiteren gelangt das in Behandlung befindliche Gras jeweils nur kurzfristig zwischen den einzelnen Verfahrensschritten mit Sauerstoff in Berührung und behält dadurch seine schöne grüne Farbe bei.The compact design of the device allows it to be built on a vehicle, thereby allowing multiple farmers to use it on their own farm. Furthermore, the grass being treated only comes into contact with oxygen for a short time between the individual process steps, thereby maintaining its beautiful green color.
Anhand eines illustrierten Ausführungsbeispieles wird die Erfindung im folgenden näher beschrieben. Es zeigt die einzige Figur eine schematische Darstellung der Trocknungsvorrichtung.The invention is described in more detail below with the aid of an illustrated embodiment. The single figure shows a schematic representation of the drying device.
Frisch geschnittenes feuchtes Frischgras, im folgenden Gras G1 genannt, wird durch eine erste, als Rüttelvorrichtung ausgebildete Transporteinrichtung 1, z.B. ein Förderband oder ein Exzenterförderer, in eine mit warmem Presswasser, dessen Herkunft später beschrieben wird, gefüllte Wanne 2 geleitet. Auf der Transporteinrichtung 1 werden das Gras G, und allenfalls darin enthaltene Steine S getrennt. Eine weitere Separierung findet in der bis zum Rand gefüllten Wanne 2 statt, in die das Gras G eingeleitet wird. Das in die Wanne 2 eingebrachte Gras G- wird mit einer ersten Fördereinrichtung 4 durch einen Einlass 6 in ein gut wärmeisoliertes Gehäuse 5 geleitet, das Teil einer Wärmebehandlungsvorrichtung 3 ist. Die Fördereinrichtung 4 weist eine Vielzahl von Mitnehmern auf, welche das Gras G-, schonend vertikal nach oben transportieren. Im wärmeisolierten Gehäuse 5 sind übereinander angeordnet eine Mehrzahl von im wesentlichen horizontal umlaufenden perforierten Bändern 7 untergebracht. Im Beispiel werden fünf solcher um je zwei Rollen 9 umlaufende Bänder 7 gezeigt. Es können selbstverständlich auch mehr Bänder 7 eingesetzt sein, um die Verweilzeit T des Grases G1 entsprechend erhöhen zu können. Die Rollen werden durch einen vorzugsweise in der Drehzahl verstellbaren Motor 11 angetrieben. Die übereinanderliegenden Bänder 7 sind in Längsrichtung zueinander versetzt, wobei jeweils das abtriebsseitige Ende des jeweils, oben liegenden Trumes über dem einlaufseitigen oben liegenden Trum des jeweils darunter liegenden Bandes 7 zu liegen kommt. Unterhalb des zuunterst liegenden Bandes 7 ist eineFreshly cut moist fresh grass, hereinafter referred to as grass G 1 , is passed through a first transport device 1 designed as a vibrating device, for example a conveyor belt or an eccentric conveyor, into a tub 2 filled with warm press water, the origin of which will be described later. The grass G and any stones S contained therein are separated on the transport device 1. A further separation takes place in the tub 2 filled to the brim, into which the grass G is introduced. The grass G- introduced into the tub 2 is fed into a well by a first conveyor 4 through an inlet 6 conducted heat-insulated housing 5, which is part of a heat treatment device 3. The conveyor device 4 has a plurality of drivers which gently transport the grass vertically upwards. A plurality of essentially horizontally circumferential perforated bands 7 are arranged one above the other in the heat-insulated housing 5. In the example, five such belts 7 rotating around two rollers 9 each are shown. Of course, more bands 7 can also be used in order to increase the residence time T of the grass G 1 accordingly. The rollers are driven by a motor 11 which is preferably adjustable in speed. The belts 7 lying one above the other are offset from one another in the longitudinal direction, the output-side end of the respective overhead strand coming to lie above the inlet-side overhead strand of the belt 7 below it. Below the lowest band 7 is one
Dampferzeugungseinrichtung 13 im Gehäuse 5 eingesetzt. Die Dampferzeugungseinrichtung 13 besteht im dargestellten Beispiel aus einer Wanne 15 zur Aufnahme von Wasser, das durch eine Heizvorrichtung 17, hier schematisch durch eine Anzahl von Brennern dargestellt, erhitzt und verdampft werden kann. Alternativ können in der Wanne 15 selbstverständlich auch Heizstäbe eingesetzt sein, oder es kann Heissdampf extern erzeugt und von unten in das Gehäuse 5 eingeleitet werden. DieSteam generating device 13 used in the housing 5. In the example shown, the steam generating device 13 consists of a trough 15 for holding water, which can be heated and evaporated by a heating device 17, here represented schematically by a number of burners. Alternatively, heating elements can of course also be used in the trough 15, or hot steam can be generated externally and introduced into the housing 5 from below. The
Dampferzeugungsvorrichtung 13 erstreckt sich vorzugsweise über die gesamte Länge des untersten Bandes 7. Unterhalb des auslaufseitigen Endes des untersten Bandes 7 ist eine zweite Fördereinrichtung 19 angebracht, mit welcher das am auslaufseitigen Ende vom Band 7 fallende, wärmebehandelte Gras G2 durch einen Auslass 20 aus dem Gehäuse 5 herausgeführt werden kann.Steam generating device 13 preferably extends over the entire length of the lowermost belt 7. A second conveyor device 19 is attached below the outlet end of the lowermost belt 7 which the heat-treated grass G 2 falling from the belt 7 at the outlet end can be led out of the housing 5 through an outlet 20.
Mit der zweiten Fördereinrichtung 19 wird das Gras G auf kürzestem Weg in den Korb 21 einer Presse 23 geleitet. Die Presse 23 kann wie eine Obstpresse ausgebildet sein. Ein hydraulisch betätigter Kolben 25 presst mit einer Platte 27 in einem oder mehreren Presshüben etwa 70% bis 80% das im Gras G2 enthaltene Wasser aus. Zum schonenden Auspressen kann auch eine Bandpresse oder ein Quetschwalzenpaar eingesetzt werden. Das Presswasser wird aufgefangen und durch eine vorzugsweise isolierte Leitung 29 zu einer Sprinkleranlage 31 geleitet. Die Sprinkleranlage.31 kann über der Transporteinrichtung 1, an der Fördereinrichtung 4 oder über dem zuoberst im Gehäuse 5 liegenden Band 7 angeordnet sein. Sie ist derart ausgebildet und dazu bestimmt, das in der Presse 23 aus dem Gras G2 ausgetriebene warme Wasser über dem frischen, noch kalten Gras G zu verteilen und dieses langsam aufzuwärmen, bevor es in die Dampfatmosphäre gelangt. Wenn das warme Presswasser auf die Fördereinrichtung 4 oder das Band 7 geleitet wird, kann zusätzlich Frischwasser über der Transporteinrichtung 1 auf das zugeführte Gras G1 gesprüht werden. In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann das isolierte Gehäuse 5' auch noch die Transporteinrichtung 1, die Presse 23 sowie den Rüttler 33 umschliessen, um das Entweichen von Wärme vollständig zu vermeiden.With the second conveyor device 19, the grass G is guided in the shortest way into the basket 21 of a press 23. The press 23 can be designed like a fruit press. A hydraulically operated piston 25 presses with a plate 27 in one or more press strokes about 70% to 80% of the water contained in the grass G 2 . A belt press or a pair of squeeze rollers can also be used for gentle pressing. The press water is collected and passed through a preferably insulated line 29 to a sprinkler system 31. The sprinkler system 31 can be arranged above the transport device 1, on the conveyor device 4 or above the belt 7 located at the top in the housing 5. It is designed and intended to distribute the warm water expelled from the grass G 2 in the press 23 over the fresh, still cold grass G and to warm it up slowly before it reaches the steam atmosphere. If the warm press water is directed onto the conveyor device 4 or the belt 7, fresh water can additionally be sprayed onto the supplied grass G 1 via the transport device 1 . In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the insulated housing 5 'can also enclose the transport device 1, the press 23 and the vibrator 33 in order to completely prevent the escape of heat.
Das ausgepresste Gras G3 wird nach der Presse 23 aufgelockert. Für die Auflockerung kann wiederum ein Rüttler 33 verwendet werden, der das zusammengepresste Gras G3 schonend lockert. Wird im Durchlauf gearbeitet, kann auch ein Rüttlerband eingesetzt werden. Dieses ermöglicht gleichzeitig den Transport des Grases G3 von der Presse 23 zu einem Austrocknungsraum 35.The pressed grass G 3 becomes 23 after the press loosened up. A vibrator 33 can be used for the loosening, which gently loosens the compressed grass G 3 . If the work is carried out continuously, a vibrating belt can also be used. At the same time, this enables the transport of the grass G 3 from the press 23 to a drying room 35.
Der Austrocknungsraum 35 besteht aus einem isolierten Kasten 37, in welchem mehrere umlaufende perforierte Transportbänder 39 eingesetzt sind. Die Anordnung der Transportbänder 39 ist gleich wie in der Wärmebehandlungsvorrichtung 3. Das zuunterst liegende Transportband 39 kann durch eine Öffnung 41 im Kasten 37 hinausgeführt sein, um die Entnahme des getrockneten Grases G4 zu vereinfachen. Der in der Figur unterhalb des Kastens 5 dargestellte Austrocknungsraum 35 kann auch seitlich als selbständige Einheit der Wärmebehandlungsvorrichtung 3 angeordnet sein.The drying room 35 consists of an insulated box 37, in which several peripheral perforated conveyor belts 39 are inserted. The arrangement of the conveyor belts 39 is the same as in the heat treatment device 3. The conveyor belt 39 lying at the bottom can be led out through an opening 41 in the box 37 in order to simplify the removal of the dried grass G 4 . The drying space 35 shown in the figure below the box 5 can also be arranged laterally as an independent unit of the heat treatment device 3.
Alternativ zur Presse 23 könnte auch eine Zentrifuge oder ein anderes Mittel zum Austreiben des Wasser aus dem Gras G2 eingesetzt sein.As an alternative to the press 23, a centrifuge or another means for driving the water out of the grass G 2 could also be used.
Die gesamte Anlage, d.h. die Wärmebehandlungsvorrichtung, die Presse 23, der Rüttler 33 und der Austrocknungsraum 35 können auf einem Fahrgestell mit Rädern 41 aufgebaut sein, so dass die Anlage an verschiedenen Orten eingesetzt werden kann.The entire system, i.e. the heat treatment device, the press 23, the vibrator 33 and the drying room 35 can be built on a chassis with wheels 41, so that the system can be used at different locations.
Im folgenden wird das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren kurz beschrieben. Frisch geschnittenes Gras G-- wird auf die erste Transporteinrichtung 1 aufgebracht und von dieser in die Wanne 2 eingeleitet. Verunreinigungen, wie Steine und Erde, sinken in der Wanne 2 nach unten und können durch einen Auslauf 43 mit dem verschmutzten Presswasser abgeführt werden. Das gereinigte und bereits etwas erwärmte Gras G-, wird durch die Mitnehmer an der ersten Fördereinrichung 4 auf das im Kasten 5 zuoberst liegende erste Band 7 transportiert. Vom ersten Band 7 wird es weiter zum gegenüberliegenden Ende gefördert und dort auf das darunter angeordnete zweite Band 7 abgelegt. Dabei wird die bandförmig vorliegende Grasmasse sorgsam gewendet. Dieser Vorgang wiederholt sich bis zum zuunterst angeordneten Band 7.The method according to the invention is briefly described below. Freshly cut grass G-- is applied to the first transport device 1 and from it into the tub 2 initiated. Contaminants, such as stones and earth, sink downward in the tub 2 and can be removed through an outlet 43 with the contaminated press water. The cleaned and slightly warmed grass G- is transported by the drivers on the first conveyor 4 onto the first belt 7 located in the top of the box 5. It is conveyed further from the first belt 7 to the opposite end and deposited there on the second belt 7 arranged below. The grass mass in ribbon form is carefully turned over. This process is repeated up to the lowest band 7.
Durch die perforierten Bänder 7 wird dauernd heisser Wasserdampf durch das Gras G1 hindurchgeleitet, und es werden dessen Poren sorgfältig geöffnet. Mit der Fördergeschwindigkeit der Bänder 7 und/oder deren Anzahl kann die Verweilzeit t des Grases G- in der Wärmebehandlungsvorrichtung 3 bei einer Temperatur T von 60* bis 90', vorzugsweise 70* bis 80', eingestellt werden. Am Ende der Wärmebehandlung wird das wärmebehandelte Gras G2 durch den Auslass 20 auf der zweiten Fördereinrichtung 19 aus der Wärmebehandlungsvorrichtung 3 heraus zu der Presse 23 geführt und das Wasser grösstenteils, d.h. etwa zu 70% bis 80%, ausgepresst. Es können je nach Ausgestaltung der Presse 23 eine oder mehrere Pressungen nacheinander erfolgen.Hot water vapor is continuously passed through the grass G 1 through the perforated bands 7, and its pores are carefully opened. With the conveying speed of the belts 7 and / or their number, the dwell time t of the grass G- in the heat treatment device 3 can be set at a temperature T of 60 * to 90 ', preferably 70 * to 80'. At the end of the heat treatment, the heat-treated grass G 2 is led out of the heat treatment device 3 through the outlet 20 on the second conveyor device 19 to the press 23 and the water is largely, ie approximately 70% to 80%, squeezed out. Depending on the design of the press 23, one or more pressings can take place in succession.
Das ausgepresste warme Presswasser wird durch die Leitung 29 zurückgeführt und auf das neu zugeführte Gras G1 verteilt, um dieses sachte aufzuwärmen und einen Wärmeschock beim Eintritt in die warme Dampfatmosphare zu vermeiden. Das ausgepresste Gras G wird nun vorerst über den Rüttler 33 geführt und aufgelockert, bevor es dem Trocknungsraum 35 zugeleitet und dort auf Transportbändern 37 sorgsam durch warme Luft nachgetrocknet wird. Es verläset den Trocknungsraum 35 durch die Öffnung 41 als unbeschädigtes Trockengut G4 ohne Blattverlust.The squeezed warm press water is returned through line 29 and distributed to the newly fed grass G 1 in order to warm it up gently and to avoid a thermal shock when entering the warm steam atmosphere. The pressed grass G is first passed over the vibrator 33 and loosened up before it is fed to the drying room 35 and there carefully dried on conveyor belts 37 by warm air. It leaves the drying room 35 through the opening 41 as undamaged dry material G 4 without sheet loss.
Für die Endtrocknung kann das vorbehandelte und ausgepresste Gras alternativ oder zusätzlich in einen Kasten, z.B. von der Grosse 4m x 4m x 5m, eingeleitet und dort mit einem herkömmlichen Heugebläse ausgetrocknet werden. Auf diese Weise kann eine Schädigung des trockenen Grases bis zur Fütterung an das Vieh ausgeschlossen werden.For the final drying, the pretreated and pressed grass can alternatively or additionally be placed in a box, e.g. of the size 4m x 4m x 5m, introduced and dried out there with a conventional hay blower. In this way, damage to the dry grass can be ruled out until it is fed to the cattle.
Selbstverständlich können auch andere Landwirtschaftsprodukte mit dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren und der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung getrocknet werden. Of course, other agricultural products can also be dried using the method and the device according to the invention.
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT95933291T ATE198663T1 (en) | 1994-10-21 | 1995-10-16 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR EXTRACTING WATER FROM FRESH GRASS AND FOR DRYING THE PRETREATED GRASS |
| EP95933291A EP0736163B1 (en) | 1994-10-21 | 1995-10-16 | Process and device for the extraction of water from fresh grass and the final drying of the pre-treated grass |
| DE59508956T DE59508956D1 (en) | 1994-10-21 | 1995-10-16 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR REMOVING WATER FROM FRESH GRASS AND DRYING THE PRE-TREATED GRASS NIGHT-DRYING |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH316894 | 1994-10-21 | ||
| CH3168/94-0 | 1994-10-21 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1996012923A1 true WO1996012923A1 (en) | 1996-05-02 |
Family
ID=4250095
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CH1995/000239 Ceased WO1996012923A1 (en) | 1994-10-21 | 1995-10-16 | Process and device for the extraction of water from fresh grass and the final drying of the pre-treated grass |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0736163B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE198663T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE59508956D1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1996012923A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2739104A1 (en) * | 1995-09-22 | 1997-03-28 | Dieffenbacher Gmbh Maschf | PROCESS FOR DEHYDRATION OF FIBROUS MATERIALS, ESPECIALLY OF CRUDE LIGNITE, AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE SAID PROCESS |
| US5887514A (en) * | 1995-09-22 | 1999-03-30 | Maschinenfabrik J. Dieffenbacher Gmbh & Co. | Method, filter press and control device for reducing the water content of solid materials and/or sludges |
| NL1009040C2 (en) * | 1998-04-29 | 1999-11-01 | Petrus Johannus Hendricus De B | Method for drying manure and device for carrying it out. |
| FR2922882A1 (en) * | 2007-10-25 | 2009-05-01 | Cybelia Soc Par Actions Simpli | Treating liquid and semi-liquid effluent e.g. hog manure, by collecting effluent in concentrator and then transporting into dry matter, applying air stream to concentrator for drying effluent, and transferring effluent to drying station |
| CN115787337A (en) * | 2022-12-09 | 2023-03-14 | 湖北金汉江精制棉有限公司 | Refined cotton rolling dewatering equipment |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB482312A (en) * | 1936-10-14 | 1938-03-28 | Charles Goodall | Improvements relating to the drying of grasses |
| DE2947746A1 (en) * | 1978-11-27 | 1980-06-04 | Franz Duss | Drying appts. for wet grass - heats grass in steam atmosphere before squeezing some of moisture out |
-
1995
- 1995-10-16 DE DE59508956T patent/DE59508956D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-10-16 WO PCT/CH1995/000239 patent/WO1996012923A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-10-16 AT AT95933291T patent/ATE198663T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-10-16 EP EP95933291A patent/EP0736163B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB482312A (en) * | 1936-10-14 | 1938-03-28 | Charles Goodall | Improvements relating to the drying of grasses |
| DE2947746A1 (en) * | 1978-11-27 | 1980-06-04 | Franz Duss | Drying appts. for wet grass - heats grass in steam atmosphere before squeezing some of moisture out |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2739104A1 (en) * | 1995-09-22 | 1997-03-28 | Dieffenbacher Gmbh Maschf | PROCESS FOR DEHYDRATION OF FIBROUS MATERIALS, ESPECIALLY OF CRUDE LIGNITE, AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE SAID PROCESS |
| US5862612A (en) * | 1995-09-22 | 1999-01-26 | Maschinenfabrik J. Dieffenbacher Gmbh & Co. | Method and system for dewatering carboniferous materials using a vaportight pressure chamber |
| US5887514A (en) * | 1995-09-22 | 1999-03-30 | Maschinenfabrik J. Dieffenbacher Gmbh & Co. | Method, filter press and control device for reducing the water content of solid materials and/or sludges |
| NL1009040C2 (en) * | 1998-04-29 | 1999-11-01 | Petrus Johannus Hendricus De B | Method for drying manure and device for carrying it out. |
| WO1999056073A1 (en) * | 1998-04-29 | 1999-11-04 | Bruin Petrus Johannus Henricus | Method for drying manure and device for carrying out this method |
| FR2922882A1 (en) * | 2007-10-25 | 2009-05-01 | Cybelia Soc Par Actions Simpli | Treating liquid and semi-liquid effluent e.g. hog manure, by collecting effluent in concentrator and then transporting into dry matter, applying air stream to concentrator for drying effluent, and transferring effluent to drying station |
| CN115787337A (en) * | 2022-12-09 | 2023-03-14 | 湖北金汉江精制棉有限公司 | Refined cotton rolling dewatering equipment |
| CN115787337B (en) * | 2022-12-09 | 2024-01-09 | 湖北金汉江精制棉有限公司 | Refined cotton rolls dewatering equipment |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0736163B1 (en) | 2001-01-10 |
| EP0736163A1 (en) | 1996-10-09 |
| ATE198663T1 (en) | 2001-01-15 |
| DE59508956D1 (en) | 2001-02-15 |
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