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WO1996002736A1 - Procede permettant d'ameliorer le rendement de centrales thermiques a l'aide de condenseurs montes en serie cote eau de refroidissement - Google Patents

Procede permettant d'ameliorer le rendement de centrales thermiques a l'aide de condenseurs montes en serie cote eau de refroidissement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996002736A1
WO1996002736A1 PCT/DE1995/000860 DE9500860W WO9602736A1 WO 1996002736 A1 WO1996002736 A1 WO 1996002736A1 DE 9500860 W DE9500860 W DE 9500860W WO 9602736 A1 WO9602736 A1 WO 9602736A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cooling water
condenser
flow
condensers
partial
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/DE1995/000860
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Uwe JOHÄNNTGEN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saarbergwerke AG
Original Assignee
Saarbergwerke AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saarbergwerke AG filed Critical Saarbergwerke AG
Priority to DK95925677T priority Critical patent/DK0719378T3/da
Priority to AU29739/95A priority patent/AU2973995A/en
Priority to EP95925677A priority patent/EP0719378B1/fr
Priority to DE59502250T priority patent/DE59502250D1/de
Publication of WO1996002736A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996002736A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K9/00—Plants characterised by condensers arranged or modified to co-operate with the engines
    • F01K9/003—Plants characterised by condensers arranged or modified to co-operate with the engines condenser cooling circuits

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for improving the efficiency in thermal power plants with condensers connected in series on the cooling water side.
  • the possibility is used to connect the condensers downstream of the LP turbines or LP subturbines in series on the cooling water side in order to increase the efficiency, all condensers one after the other from the whole Flow of cooling water.
  • the cooling water cooled down by the cooling process in the cooling tower flows through the condensers one after the other, absorbs heat and is subsequently removed from this part of the system and fed back to the cooling tower as hot water for recooling.
  • the exhaust steam condenses at a pressure which depends in particular on the respective cooling water outlet temperature of the condenser in question.
  • a disadvantage of the series connection is that at low cooling water inlet temperatures, due to the reduced cooling water outlet temperatures, further reduced evaporation pressures occur in the individual condensers. They lead to higher degradable pressure drops, correspondingly to higher flow velocities of the steam and thus to increasing outlet losses, which reduce the increase in efficiency. If the pressure ratios approach the critical pressure ratio when the cooling water inlet temperature decreases, the flow velocity roughly reaches the speed of sound and the so-called blocking of the flow profile occurs. Any further increase in the pressure drop beyond the critical pressure drop, caused by a further reduction in the cooling water inlet temperature, no longer has an effect on increasing the speed of the steam.
  • the invention is based on the object of preventing the disadvantage of losses in efficiency which arises when the cooling water inlet temperatures are too low in a system of the type described at the outset.
  • the object is achieved in that, when the cooling water flow falls below a predetermined limit temperature, the cooling water flow is divided before entry into the first condenser, so that only part of the cooling water flow flows through the condenser, while the remaining partial flow flows through a condenser Bypass bypasses the condenser, and that both partial flows are brought together again immediately behind the condenser, before entering the following condenser.
  • the partial flow diverted via the bypass is set or regulated particularly economically, for example, with the aid of a control device depending on the cooling water outlet temperature of the bypassed condenser.
  • the advantage of the method is based in particular on the fact that the bypass circuit prevents the flow profile in the turbine or sub-turbine assigned to the bypassed condenser from being blocked, without having any appreciable influence on the cooling water outlet temperatures of the condensers, which are subsequently flowed through by the partial streams which are again combined to form a total cooling water stream.
  • the expansion ratios in each condenser not bypassed by a bypass partial flow and thus in the turbines or partial turbines assigned to them are not deteriorated according to the invention.
  • a general reduction of the cooling water flow for all condensers connected in series or a warming up of the cooling water before entering the first condenser has- te an increase in the evaporation pressure in the first condenser, but also in all subsequent condensers.
  • the blocking effect in the turbine or partial turbine assigned to the first condenser would be prevented, but at the same time the conditions in all the following condensers would also have deteriorated.
  • a further advantage of the method according to the invention results from the temporary expansion of the flow cross section in the bypass mode of operation, which leads to a noticeable reduction in throttle losses.
  • the possibility is also provided of bypassing the second and possibly further capacitors with a bypass partial stream, the bypass partial stream being immediately separated from the total by the condenser to be bypassed. Cooling water flow is branched off and the partial flows are brought together again behind the condenser. It is thereby achieved that at a very low temperature of the cooling water supplied by the cooling tower and a possibly inadequate temperature increase due to the heat absorption in the first condenser, the flow profile in the turbine or partial turbine assigned to the subsequent condenser is not blocked is coming.
  • a bypass sequence extending over several condensers ensures for each individual bypassed condenser that the flow profile in the turbine or sub-turbine assigned to it is not blocked without worsening the expansion conditions in the condensers still to be flowed through.
  • the method according to the invention is further explained on the basis of the exemplary embodiments shown schematically in FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • the two partial condensers 1 a and 1 b which are assigned to the two low-pressure sub-turbines 2a and 2b, are connected in series on the cooling water side in order to increase the efficiency.
  • the cooling water is conveyed from the cooling tower cup via the cooling water pump 3 and the cooling water line 4 into the first partial condenser 1 a, via the overflow line 5 the cooling water, which has already been partially warmed up, reaches the second partial condenser 1 b and is returned via line 6 as hot water to the cooling tower .
  • the exhaust steam which is introduced via line 7 from the low-pressure turbine section 2b into the partial condenser 1b, condenses at a pressure which is particularly dependent on the water temperature in line 6.
  • the exhaust steam which is introduced via line 8 from the LP sub-turbine 2a into the partial condenser 1a, condenses at a pressure which is dependent in particular on the water temperature in line 5. Since the temperature in line 5 is lower than in line 6, the evaporation pressure in line 8 is at a lower level than in line 7.
  • the partial turbine 2a therefore has a greater pressure drop than when the partial condensers la and lb are connected in parallel on the cooling water side would be the case. An improvement in efficiency results from this.
  • the condensate formed from the exhaust steam passes via line 9 from the partial condenser 1b into line 10 and via the condensate pump 11 to the low-pressure preheaters and thus into the water-steam circuit of the power plant.
  • a reduction in the cooling water inlet temperature results in a reduction in the evaporation pressure, as a result of which the flow rate of the steam and thus also the outlet losses increase. Nevertheless, an efficiency advantage remains as long as the flow profile is not blocked. It is only when the cooling water inlet temperature drops to a level that causes critical or subcritical conditions that the effect of blocking the flow profile first occurs in the partial turbine 2a. Because of the resulting low condensate temperature, additional tap steam is required for preheating the feed water, which reduces the overall efficiency.
  • a reduction in the cooling water flow for example by adjusting the moving blade on the cooling water pump 3, would have an increase in the evaporation pressure in the partial condenser la and thus prevent the blocking effect, but at the same time the conditions on the partial condenser lb would also deteriorate.
  • the blocking of the flow profile due to excessively low inlet temperature of the cooling water is prevented by passing a partial flow of the cooling water flow past the first partial condenser 1 a through a bypass line 12, the bypass Partial current can be set or regulated by a control valve 13.
  • the cooling water outlet temperature in line 5a increases behind the partial condenser 1 a.
  • the blocking of the flow profile in sub-turbine 2a can be prevented even if the cooling water inlet temperatures in line 4 are too low.
  • the advantageous effect of an improvement in efficiency due to the series connection of the condensers la and lb on the cooling water side is retained, however, since the drop in efficiency due to excessively low cooling water temperature is prevented, but the contribution to efficiency of the partial condenser 1b is due to the almost uninfluenced expansion in the Sub-turbine 2b is not deteriorated. As shown in FIG.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
  • Greenhouses (AREA)
  • Discharge Heating (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé utilisé dans des centrales thermiques, dans lesquelles, pour améliorer le rendement, on utilise des condenseurs (1a, 1b) montés en série côté eau de refroidissement. Il est prévu qu'en cas de températures d'entrée de l'eau de refroidissement trop basses, lorsqu'une progression du rendement est perdue sous l'effet de taux de compression sous-critiques qui interviennent, un courant partiel d'eau de refroidissement ajustable par ex. à l'aide d'un dispositif de régulation (13), soit dévié avant d'entrer dans le premier condenseur (1a) par l'intermédiaire d'une conduite de dérivation (12), qu'il contourne ledit condensateur (1a) et qu'avant d'entrer dans l'autre condenseur (1b) qu'il doit traverser, ce courant partiel soit à nouveau mélangé à l'autre courant partiel d'eau de refroidissement utilisé pour le refroidissement. Ce procédé peut également être appliqué à d'autres condenseurs, afin de garantir que le profil d'écoulement, dans les turbines ou les turbines partielles qui leur sont associées, ne s'obstrue pas sous l'effet des taux de compression qui interviennent dans les condenseurs contournés et dans ceux qui suivent. L'avantage de ce rendement amélioré demeure également avec des températures d'eau de refroidissement trop basses et les taux de compression régnant dans les condensateurs non contournés n'en sont de ce fait pas affectés. Le rapport du courant partiel dévié au courant partiel d'eau de refroidissement est, de façon adéquate, ajusté ou régulé en fonction de chaque température d'entrée de l'eau de refroidissement.
PCT/DE1995/000860 1994-07-14 1995-07-07 Procede permettant d'ameliorer le rendement de centrales thermiques a l'aide de condenseurs montes en serie cote eau de refroidissement Ceased WO1996002736A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK95925677T DK0719378T3 (da) 1994-07-14 1995-07-07 Fremgangsmåde til drift af varmekraftværker med på kølevandssiden seriekoblede kondensatorer
AU29739/95A AU2973995A (en) 1994-07-14 1995-07-07 Process for improving efficiency in thermal power stations with series-connected condensers on the cooling water side
EP95925677A EP0719378B1 (fr) 1994-07-14 1995-07-07 Procédé d'opération de centrales thermiques à l'aide de condenseurs montés en série cÔté eau de refroidissement
DE59502250T DE59502250D1 (de) 1994-07-14 1995-07-07 Verfahren zum Betrieb von Wärmekraftwerken mit kühlwasserseitig in Reihe geschalteten Kondensatoren

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4424870A DE4424870A1 (de) 1994-07-14 1994-07-14 Verfahren zur Wirkungsgradverbesserung in Wärmekraftwerken mit kühlwasserseitig in Reihe geschalteten Kondensatoren
DEP4424870.9 1994-07-14

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996002736A1 true WO1996002736A1 (fr) 1996-02-01

Family

ID=6523147

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE1995/000860 Ceased WO1996002736A1 (fr) 1994-07-14 1995-07-07 Procede permettant d'ameliorer le rendement de centrales thermiques a l'aide de condenseurs montes en serie cote eau de refroidissement

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0719378B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE166427T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2973995A (fr)
DE (2) DE4424870A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0719378T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO1996002736A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0895050A2 (fr) 1997-07-30 1999-02-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Centrale de turbines à vapeur
CN107062927A (zh) * 2017-04-19 2017-08-18 北京今大禹环境技术股份有限公司 一种海水淡化用多级凝汽器逆向冷却不凝气系统及其工艺

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19626372C1 (de) * 1996-07-02 1997-11-27 Saarbergwerke Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Wirkungsgradverbesserung in Dampfkraftwerken
EP2307673A2 (fr) * 2008-08-04 2011-04-13 United Technologies Corporation Condenseur en cascade pour cycle de rankine organique géothermique à unité multiple
CN114877491B (zh) * 2022-05-12 2023-12-22 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 中央空调水系统工作控制方法、中央空调水系统及控制装置

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2737539A1 (de) * 1977-08-19 1979-03-01 Steag Ag Verfahren zur verbesserung des waermeverbrauchs bei in reihe geschalteten kondensatoren mehrflutiger dampfturbinen und anordnung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
US4168030A (en) * 1976-10-22 1979-09-18 Timmerman Robert W Waste heat utilization system

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DD275591A3 (de) * 1986-05-30 1990-01-31 Turboatom Verfahren zum mehrstufigen vorwaermen von umlaufwasser

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4168030A (en) * 1976-10-22 1979-09-18 Timmerman Robert W Waste heat utilization system
DE2737539A1 (de) * 1977-08-19 1979-03-01 Steag Ag Verfahren zur verbesserung des waermeverbrauchs bei in reihe geschalteten kondensatoren mehrflutiger dampfturbinen und anordnung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0895050A2 (fr) 1997-07-30 1999-02-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Centrale de turbines à vapeur
CN107062927A (zh) * 2017-04-19 2017-08-18 北京今大禹环境技术股份有限公司 一种海水淡化用多级凝汽器逆向冷却不凝气系统及其工艺
CN107062927B (zh) * 2017-04-19 2024-02-06 北京今大禹环境技术股份有限公司 一种海水淡化用多级凝汽器逆向冷却不凝气系统及其工艺

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0719378A1 (fr) 1996-07-03
DK0719378T3 (da) 1999-01-25
EP0719378B1 (fr) 1998-05-20
DE4424870A1 (de) 1996-01-18
ATE166427T1 (de) 1998-06-15
DE59502250D1 (de) 1998-06-25
AU2973995A (en) 1996-02-16

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