WO1994020568A1 - Mousses a base de polyurethannes thermoplastiques - Google Patents
Mousses a base de polyurethannes thermoplastiques Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1994020568A1 WO1994020568A1 PCT/EP1994/000606 EP9400606W WO9420568A1 WO 1994020568 A1 WO1994020568 A1 WO 1994020568A1 EP 9400606 W EP9400606 W EP 9400606W WO 9420568 A1 WO9420568 A1 WO 9420568A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- foams
- particulate
- blowing agent
- expandable
- thermoplastic polyurethane
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/22—After-treatment of expandable particles; Forming foamed products
- C08J9/228—Forming foamed products
- C08J9/232—Forming foamed products by sintering expandable particles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/16—Making expandable particles
- C08J9/18—Making expandable particles by impregnating polymer particles with the blowing agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes
Definitions
- the invention relates to foams based on thermoplastic polyurethanes and expandable, particulate, thermoplastic polyurethanes, which are particularly suitable for the production of foam moldings.
- Foams especially also particle foams, have long been known and have been widely described in the literature, e.g. in Ullmann's "Encyclopedia of Technical Chemistry", 4th edition, volume 20, p. 416 ff.
- Polystyrene or polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, are usually used as base polymers. They are used in many areas. Expanded polystyrene is e.g. used as an insulating material in construction or for the production of packaging, expanded polyolefins can be used, for example, as shock-absorbing foams in motor vehicle construction. Other uses are e.g. in Ullmann, op. cit.
- Varying the base polymers can produce particle foams with very different properties.
- the object of the invention was to produce new foams, in particular particle foams, with good elasticity and temperature behavior.
- thermoplastic polyurethanes TPU
- the invention accordingly relates to foams, in particular particulate foams, based on thermoplastic polyurethanes and expandable, particulate, thermoplastic polyurethanes which are particularly suitable for the production of foam molded articles.
- all customary TPUs can be used, both those based on polyether and those based on polyester.
- the polymer chains can be branched, the branching is preferably carried out by allophanate bridges or the incorporation of polyfunctional alcohols.
- polyhydroxyl compounds preferably essentially linear polyhydroxyl compounds with molecular weights of 500 to 8000, in particular polyalkylene glycol polyadipates with 2 to 6 carbon atoms in the alkylene radical and molecular weights of 500 to 6000 or hydroxyl-containing polytetrahydrofuran with a molecular weight of 500 to 8000 and
- the organic diisocyanates (a) are preferably aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and aromatic diisocyanates.
- aliphatic diisocyanates such as 1,6-hexamethylene-diisocyanate, 1,5-2-methyl-pentamethylene-diisocyanate, 1,4-2-ethyl-butylene-diisocyanate or mixtures of at least two of the aliphatic mentioned Diisocyanates
- cycloaliphatic diisocyanates such as isophorone diisocyanate, 1,4-cyclohexane diisocyanate, l-methyl-2,4- * and -2,6-cyclohexane diisocyanate and the corresponding isomer mixtures
- the organic diisocyanates can optionally be used in minor amounts, e.g. in amounts up to 3 mol%, preferably up to 1 mol%, based on the organic diisocyanate, can be replaced by a trifunctional or higher-functional polyisocyanate, the amount of which must however be limited so that thermoplastically processable polyurethanes can be obtained.
- a larger amount of such more than difunctional isocyanates is expediently compensated for by the use of less than difunctional compounds with reactive hydrogen atoms, so that chemical crosslinking of the polyurethane which is too extensive is avoided.
- Examples of more than difunctional isocyanates are mixtures of diphenylmethane diisocyanates and polyphenylpolymethylene polyisocyanates, so-called raw MDI, as well as liquid 4 modified with isocyanurate, urea, biuret, allophanate, urethane and / or carbodiimide groups 4, 4'- and / or 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanates.
- Suitable monofunctional compounds with a reactive hydrogen atom which can also be used as molecular weight regulators, are e.g. called: monoamines such as Butyl, dibutyl, octyl, stearyl, N-methylstearylamine, pyrrolidone, piperidine and cyclohexylamine, and monoalcohols such as e.g. Butanol, amyl alcohol, 1-ethylhexanol, octanol, dodecanol, cyclohexanol and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether.
- monoamines such as Butyl, dibutyl, octyl, stearyl, N-methylstearylamine, pyrrolidone, piperidine and cyclohexylamine
- monoalcohols such as e.g. Butanol, amyl alcohol, 1-ethylhexanol, octanol,
- Suitable higher molecular weight polyhydroxyl compounds (b) with molecular weights of 500 to 8000 are preferably polyetherols and in particular polyesterols.
- other hydroxyl-containing polymers with ether or ester groups as bridge members are also suitable, for example polyacetals, such as polyoxymethylenes, and especially water-insoluble formal forms, for example polybutanediol formal and polyhexanediol-for al, and polycarbonates, in particular those made from diphenyl carbonate and hexanediol-1, 6, prepared by transesterification.
- the polyhydroxyl compounds must be at least predominantly linear and difunctional in the sense of the isocyanate reaction.
- the polyhydroxyl compounds mentioned can be used as individual components or in the form of mixtures.
- Suitable polyetherols can be prepared by known processes, for example by anionic polymerization with alkali hydroxides, such as sodium or potassium hydroxide or alkali alcoholates, such as sodium methylate, sodium or potassium ethylate or potassium isopropylate, as catalysts and with the addition of at least one starter molecule, preferably 2 to 3 Contains 2 reactive hydrogen atoms bound, or by cationic polymerization with Lewis acids, such as antimony pentachloride, boron fluoride etherate and others or bleaching earth as catalysts from one or more alkylene oxides having 2 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkylene radical.
- alkali hydroxides such as sodium or potassium hydroxide or alkali alcoholates, such as sodium methylate, sodium or potassium ethylate or potassium isopropylate
- at least one starter molecule preferably 2 to 3 Contains 2 reactive hydrogen atoms bound, or by cationic polymerization with Lewis acids, such as antimony pentachloride, boro
- Suitable alkylene oxides are preferably, for example, tetrahydrofuran, 1,3-propylene oxide, 1,2- or 2,3-butylene oxide and particularly preferably ethylene oxide and 1,2-propylene oxide.
- the alkylene oxides can be used individually, alternately in succession or as mixtures.
- suitable starter molecules are: water, organic dicarboxylic acids such as succinic acid, adipic acid and / or glutaric acid, alkanolamines such as e.g. Ethanolamine, N-alkylalkanolamines, N-alkyldialkanolamines, e.g.
- ether bridges such as e.g. Ethanediol, 1,2-and 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, diethylene glycol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, dipropylene glycol, 2-methylpentanediol, 5 and 2-ethyl -butanediol-1,4.
- Starter molecules can be used individually or as mixtures.
- Polyetherols of 1,2-propylene oxide and ethylene oxide are frequently used in which more than 50%, preferably 60 to 80% of the OH groups are primary hydroxyl groups and in which at least part of the ethylene oxide is arranged as a terminal block.
- Such polyetherols can be obtained, for example, by first polymerizing the 1,2-propylene oxide and then the ethylene oxide onto the starter molecule or first copolymerizing all of the 1,2-propylene oxide in a mixture with part of the ethylene oxide and the rest of the Ethylene oxide then polymerized or gradually polymerized first part of the ethylene oxide, then all 1,2-propylene oxide and then the rest of the ethylene oxide onto the starter molecule.
- hydroxyl-containing polymerization products of tetrahydrofuran are also particularly suitable.
- the essentially linear polyetherols have molecular weights of 500 to 8000, preferably 600 to 6000 and in particular 800 to 3500. They can be used both individually and in the form of mixtures with one another.
- Suitable polyesterols can be prepared, for example, from dicarboxylic acids having 2 to 12, preferably 4 to 6, carbon atoms and polyhydric alcohols.
- suitable dicarboxylic acids are: aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid and sebacic acid and aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as phthalic acid, isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid.
- the dicarboxylic acids can be used individually or as mixtures, e.g. in the form of a mixture of succinic, glutaric and adipic acids.
- dicarboxylic acid derivatives such as dicarboxylic acid mono- and / or diesters having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alcohol radical, dicarboxylic acid anhydrides or dicarboxylic acid dichlorides instead of the dicarboxylic acids.
- polyhydric alcohols are glycols with 2 to 10, preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms, such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol,
- Pentanediol-1,5, hexanediol-1,6, decanediol-1,10, 2,2-dimethyl-propanediol-1,3, propanediol-1,3 and dipropylene glycol can be used alone or, if appropriate, in mixtures with one another.
- esters of carbonic acid with the diols mentioned in particular those with 4 to 6 carbon atoms, such as 1,4-butanediol and / or 1,6-hexanediol, condensation products of ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acids, for example ⁇ -hydroxycaproic acid, and preferably polymerization products of lactones, for example optionally substituted ⁇ -caprolactones.
- polyesterols used are ethanediol polyadipates, 1,4-butanediol polyadipates, ethanediol-1,4-butanediol diol polyadipates, 1,6-hexanediol-neopentylglycol polyadipates, 1,6-hexanediol-1,4-butanediol -polyadipate and polycaprolatone.
- the polyesterols have molecular weights from 500 to 6000, preferably from 800 to 3500.
- Suitable chain extenders (c) with molecular weights of 60 to 400, preferably 60 to 300, are preferably aliphatic diols having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably having 2, 4 or 6 carbon atoms, such as e.g. Ethanediol, hexane-1,6-diol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol and in particular 1,4-butanediol.
- diesters of terephthalic acid with glycols having 2 to 4 carbon atoms such as Terephthalic acid-bis-ethylene glycol or
- hydroquinone e.g. 1,4-Di ( ⁇ -hydroxyethyl) hydroquinone and polytetramethylene glycols with molecular weights from 162 to 378.
- Suitable catalysts which in particular accelerate the reaction between the NCO groups of the diisocyanates (a) and the hydroxyl groups of the structural components (b) and (c), are the conventional tertiary amines known and known in the art, such as e.g. Triethylamine, dimethylcyclohexylamine, N-methylmorpholine, N, N'-dimethylpiperazine, diazabicyclo (2,2,2) octane and the like, and in particular organic metal compounds such as titanium acid esters, iron compounds, tin compounds, e.g.
- the catalysts are usually used in amounts of 0.001 to 0.1 part by weight per 100 parts by weight of the mixture of polyhydroxyl compounds (b) and diols (c).
- auxiliaries (e) and / or additives (f) can also be incorporated into the structural components.
- auxiliaries (e) and / or additives (f) can also be incorporated into the structural components.
- examples include lubricants, inhibitors, stabilizers against hydrolysis, light, heat or discoloration, flame retardants, dyes, pigments, inorganic and / or organic fillers and nucleating agents.
- the auxiliaries (e) and / or additives (f) can be introduced into the structural components or into the reaction mixture for producing the TPU.
- the auxiliaries (e) and / or additives (f) can also be mixed with the TPU and then melted.
- the last-mentioned method is used in particular for Introducing aluminum oxide, talc and / or silica gel and, if necessary, reinforcing fillers.
- the build-up components (a), (b) and (c) are reacted in the presence of catalysts (d) and optionally auxiliary agents (e) and / or additives (f) in amounts such that the Equivalence ratio of NCO groups of the diisocyanates to the sum of the hydroxyl groups of components b) and (c) is 0.80 to 1.20: 1, preferably 0.95 to 1.1: 1 and in particular approximately 1: 1. 0
- the TPUs which can be used according to the invention can be produced by the extruder or, preferably, belt process, by batchwise or continuous mixing of the components (a) to (d) and, if appropriate, (e) and / or (f), allowing the reaction mixture to react in the extruder or on a carrier tape at temperatures from 60 to 250 ° C., preferably 70 to 150 ° C., and then granulating the TPU obtained. If appropriate, it may be expedient to anneal the TPU obtained at 80 to 120 ° C., preferably 100 to 110 ° C., for a period of 0 to 1 to 24 hours before further processing.
- the foams according to the invention are produced in accordance with the methods known from the prior art and e.g. described in Ullmanns "Encyklopadie der Technische Chemie *, 4th edition, volume 20, 5 p. 416 ff.
- the impregnation or the extrusion process are used in particular.
- a mini granulate with a particle weight of in particular 0.5 to 10 mg 40 is used as the starting product for the impregnation process. This is preferably obtained by processing the TPU in a single- or twin-screw extruder with a downstream granulator.
- the extrusion is usually carried out at temperatures from 180 to 45 250 ° C., preferably 200 to 220 ° C.
- strand, water ring, knife roller or underwater granulators are used as granulators.
- the use of single-screw extruders has proven to be favorable;
- the mini granules obtained in this way have a high crystallite content and can be processed into foams with particularly favorable mechanical properties.
- the mini granulate obtained as described is impregnated with the blowing agent.
- blowing agents known in the prior art can be used as blowing agents.
- Examples include low-boiling halogenated, in particular partially halogenated, hydrocarbons, but preferably aliphatic hydrocarbons with 3 to 5 carbon atoms, such as propane, n-butane, isobutane, n-pentane, isopentane and / or neopentane.
- inorganic blowing agents are also possible. Carbon dioxide and nitrogen are mentioned here as examples.
- blowing agents can be used individually or as a mixture.
- the mini-granulate is impregnated with the blowing agent at elevated pressure of up to 10 MPa, in particular up to 7.5 MPa.
- the temperature during the impregnation is generally 100 to 200 ° C., in particular 120 to 190 ° C., preferably 130 to 175 ° C.
- the mini-granulate it is usually used together with the blowing agent, a suspension stabilizer, e.g. Calcium phosphate, magnesium carbonate or zinc carbonate, and a dispersant, e.g. Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate or sodium N-paraffin sulfonates, suspended in water and then transferred to a pressure vessel, which should expediently be equipped with a stirrer.
- a suspension stabilizer e.g. Calcium phosphate, magnesium carbonate or zinc carbonate
- a dispersant e.g. Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate or sodium N-paraffin sulfonates
- the proportion of the blowing agent in the water is usually 5 to 50% by weight, based on the polymeric starting material.
- the pressure vessel is relaxed, the granules foaming.
- the foamed granulate particles are cleaned from the additives and dried. The drying is expediently carried out with hot air.
- the TPU particles After impregnation, the TPU particles usually have an average diameter between 1 mm and 20 mm and a bulk density of 30 g / 1 to 400 g / 1, but preferably from 50 g / 1 to 200 g / 1.
- the foamed particles thus obtained can be processed into moldings.
- the particles can be pressurized before the molded part is manufactured.
- inert gas usually nitrogen
- elevated pressure up to a maximum of 1 MPa and elevated temperatures, usually from about 80 ° C.
- the pre-expanded, possibly pressure-loaded TPU particles are placed in a heatable mold and heated to such an extent that the particles are welded together.
- the heating is usually carried out by applying water vapor.
- the molded part can then be removed. After removal from the mold, the molded part should be tempered to constant weight. The tempering should be carried out at temperatures from 20 to 120 ° C.
- the TPU is extruded together with the blowing agent.
- the temperature should be between 180 ° C and 250 ° C.
- blowing agents mentioned here can be the substances mentioned in the description of the impregnation process, but also solid blowing agents which release gas when heated, such as azole carbonamide or p-toluenesulfonic acid hydrazide.
- the TPU foams up and can, for example, be formed into strands and plates.
- TPUs with a high crystallite content lead to foams with better mechanical properties.
- the crystallite content in the TPU used can e.g. can be increased by using single screw extruders when extruding the TPU.
- the foams according to the invention are distinguished by improved mechanical properties compared to known particle foams based on other polymers.
- the elasticity of the foams according to the invention is very high.
- the compressive stress with the same molded part density is significantly lower than the corresponding values of particle foams based on polyolefin.
- the foams according to the invention are also clearly superior to conventional particle foams with other mechanical properties such as abrasion resistance and crack resistance.
- particle foams according to the invention are notable for good low-temperature flexibility and high long-term use temperatures.
- the glass fibers can be added in an amount of 20 to 30% by weight, based on the TPU.
- the glass fibers are expediently added during the melting of the polymer in the extruder.
- the foams according to the invention can be thermoplastic recycled without problems.
- the foamed TPUs are extruded using an extruder with a degassing device, where the extrusion can optionally be preceded by mechanical comminution. Then they can be processed into foams again in the manner described above.
- the foam particles produced according to Example 1 were introduced into a preheated mold under pressure and compression. This was alternately heated with steam from 4.5 to 7 bar.
- the molded part density and the mechanics of the molded parts were determined in accordance with DIN 53 577.
- the compressive stress of the molded parts was determined with two molded parts with different molded part densities.
- the production parameters of the molded parts and the molded part parameters can be found in Table 3.
- the Shore hardness of the PU elastomers was determined in accordance with DIN 53 505.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
Abstract
Mousses, notamment mousses particulaires, à base de polyuréthannes thermoplastiques, et polyuréthannes thermoplastiques particulaires expansibles utiles notamment pour produire des corps moulés en matière plastique alvéolaire.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19934307648 DE4307648A1 (de) | 1993-03-11 | 1993-03-11 | Schaumstoffe auf Basis thermoplastischer Polyurethane sowie expandierbare, partikelförmige, thermoplastische Polyurethane, insbesondere geeignet zur Herstellung von Schaumstoff-Formkörpern |
| DEP4307648.3 | 1993-03-11 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1994020568A1 true WO1994020568A1 (fr) | 1994-09-15 |
Family
ID=6482472
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP1994/000606 Ceased WO1994020568A1 (fr) | 1993-03-11 | 1994-03-02 | Mousses a base de polyurethannes thermoplastiques |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE4307648A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO1994020568A1 (fr) |
Cited By (118)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1165674B1 (fr) * | 1999-01-26 | 2002-08-07 | Huntsman International Llc | Polyurethanes thermoplastiques expanses |
| WO2007082838A1 (fr) * | 2006-01-18 | 2007-07-26 | Basf Se | Mousse a base de polyurethane thermoplastique |
| WO2012065926A1 (fr) | 2010-11-16 | 2012-05-24 | Basf Se | Nouvel élément amortisseur dans les semelles de chaussures |
| WO2013153153A1 (fr) | 2012-04-13 | 2013-10-17 | Basf Se | Matière à mouler thermoplastique |
| WO2014011537A1 (fr) | 2012-07-10 | 2014-01-16 | Nike International Ltd | Procédé de moulage par compression d'une mousse à perles pour produit à faible densité |
| EP2716153A1 (fr) | 2012-10-02 | 2014-04-09 | Basf Se | Garniture de sol d'écurie à base de mousse à particules de polyuréthane thermoplastique expansé |
| EP2736967A1 (fr) * | 2011-07-28 | 2014-06-04 | Puma Se | Procédé de production d'une semelle ou d'une partie de semelle d'une chaussure |
| WO2014126799A1 (fr) | 2013-02-12 | 2014-08-21 | Nike International Ltd. | Procédé de moulage par compression de billes de mousse avec génération in situ de vapeur pour obtenir un produit basse densité |
| WO2014150124A1 (fr) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-25 | Nike International Ltd. | Procédé de moussage d'élastomères thermoplastiques |
| WO2014150119A1 (fr) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-25 | Nike International Ltd. | Élastomères thermoplastiques modifiés pour une meilleure compatibilité avec les fluides supercritiques |
| WO2014150120A1 (fr) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-25 | Nike International Ltd. | Article ayant un amortissement controle |
| WO2014150122A2 (fr) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-25 | Nike International Ltd. | Mousse décorative et procédé associé |
| CN104194030A (zh) * | 2014-08-08 | 2014-12-10 | 汕头市新力新材料科技有限公司 | 一种热塑性聚氨酯弹性体发泡珠粒及其制备方法 |
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| WO2015017090A1 (fr) | 2013-08-02 | 2015-02-05 | Nike Innovate C.V. | Procédé de production d'article thermoplastique alvéolaire et article thermoplastique alvéolaire |
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| WO2018104009A1 (fr) | 2016-12-07 | 2018-06-14 | Huntsman International Llc | Procédé de production de polymères thermoplastiques expansés |
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| EP3424974A1 (fr) | 2017-07-04 | 2019-01-09 | Covestro Deutschland AG | Un article contenant un polyuréthanne thermoplastique expansé et un revêtement à base d'eau |
| US10183426B2 (en) | 2009-05-26 | 2019-01-22 | Basf Se | Water as a propellant for thermoplastics |
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