WO1992001130A1

WO1992001130A1 - Tile-shaped building element and building having floors formed with said tile-shaped element

Info

Publication number: WO1992001130A1
Application number: PCT/NL1991/000119
Authority: WO
Inventors: Nicolaas John Habraken; Age Van Randen; Franciscus Jacobus Maria De Vries; Joannes Cornelis Gerardus Maria Van Vonderen
Original assignee: Infill Systems BV
Current assignee: Infill Systems BV
Priority date: 1990-07-06
Filing date: 1991-07-05
Publication date: 1992-01-23
Anticipated expiration: 1993-01-06
Also published as: NL193196C; TW206999B; NL193196B; NL9001556A

Abstract

A tile-shaped building element with recesses for forming ducts for through-feed of lines and the like, wherein at least one tube-like duct is arranged between the top surface and the bottom surface of the tile, preferably in the sectional surface between at least two sections of the tile-shaped building element lying one above the other, whereby the advantage is gained that more height levels of lines can be present and wherein niche-like recesses can be arranged in the or each side face of the tile-shaped building element for receiving a separate element (35) supporting the upper section (36).

Description

TILE-SHAPED BUILDING ELEMENT AND BUILDING HAVING FLOORS FORMED WITH SAID TILE-SHAPED ELEMENT

The invention relates to a tile-shaped building ele¬ ment with recesses for forming ducts for through-feed of lines and the like.

Such a tile-shaped building element is known from WO 88/04713.

The ducts obtained with the known tile are particular¬ ly suited for passage of flexible hoses for instance for hot and cold water supply or for central heating. They are also suitable for rigid lines such as for sewage and gas. If the sewage lines are received in the ducts facing the bearing floor, they will rest with their sleeves on the bearing floor. In that case the line has no support between the sleeves and can sag if no special provisions are made such as arranging separate support blocks. A drawback is that, in use for sewerage for instance, care must be taken that the lines running in the lower ducts and debouching in a collecting main of greater diameter are situated, for a good drainage, higher than the collecting main. Care must in any case be taken that the centre lines of the line and the collecting main lie at the same level. This implies that, when the line in the lower ducts rests on the concrete floor, channels have to be arranged or recessed in the concrete floor for the collecting main in order to fulfil this requirement. The recessing of channels can be brought about in new construction, but this provides great problems in existing buildings.

The invention has for its object to obviate the above stated drawbacks. This is achieved according to the invention in that between the top surface and the bottom surface of the tile at least one tube-like duct is arranged.

Such a tube-like duct, which is therefore located at an interval from the bearing concrete floor, is very suitable for receiving liquid lines. The collecting main placed at the head ends of the floor assembled from such tile-shaped build¬ ing elements can be supported by the bearing concrete floor. An additional advantage is that lines can be present at more height levels. In the manufacture of the tile-shaped building element moulds can be used such that tube-like portions are recessed in the middle of the tile during forming thereof.

Preferably however, each building element consists of two sections, wherein each section has recesses on the upper side and underside and the placing of at least the recesses on one of the sides is selected such that when corresponding sections are placed one on another recesses lie in mutual register to form a tube-like duct.

In this manner the tube-like ducts are accessible during construction for the placing of the lines. After the lines are placed the second section is placed on a first section and the covering layer arranged. When lines are already in position, laying of the sections in register is simple since the lines can serve as centering means. Accord- ing to a preferred embodiment, however, the elements have a tongue and a groove whereby placing the sections in register is facilitated. In order to obtain a floor of great rigidity the building elements can be placed mutually staggered such that no vertical continuous joins are present. In another embodiment of the tile-shaped building element according to the invention the intermediate walls can be partly broken away.

One of the sections of the tile can furthermore be provided with intersecting groups of parallel recesses which debouch substantially in the middle portion of a standing side face of the tile-shaped element.

According to a further development, at least the or each lower section of a tile-shaped building element accord¬ ing to the invention can be provided in each standing side face with a niche-like recess, wherein the space formed by the niche-like recesses of at least two abutting elements is filled by a support element for supporting the upper section of the tile.

Irregularities in the underlying bearing floor can easily be accommodated herewith, all the more so because each support element can be changeable in the length so that the upper section can be accurately levelled out. The upper section no longer rests here directly on the lower section of the tile but actually on the support elements placed in the edge zone of the upper section.

It is also advantageous according to the invention to mutually connect the tile-shaped building elements, at least the lower sections thereof, by means of fastening means. These fastening means can for instance be clamps which pre- ferably extend or hook round upstanding portions of the section.

Use of an embodiment of the tile-shaped building element wherein the ducts run only in one direction and mutually parallel provides advantages in a building with storey floors, on each of which storey floors is present an allotted zone for corridors located at a distance from the building frontage, wherein a main duct for lines and the like is placed in the corridor zone, an auxiliary duct for lines and the like is placed close to the building frontage and placed between the corridor zone and the building frontage are tile-shaped building elements, the ducts of which extend between the main duct and the auxiliary duct.

Cables and lines can then be carried from the main duct into the floor formed from the tile-shaped building elements without the danger of cables or lines becoming obstructed by transverse ducts. In such a building, lines leaving the main duct such as electricity, data and telephone lines and the like can run beneath the lower ducts in the floor formed by the tile-shaped building elements according to the invention to the auxiliary duct, and from distributor means in the auxiliary duct lines for data, electricity and telephone for instance can be guided through the upper ducts in the tile-shaped building elements to a desired location in the office space between the corridor zone and the building frontage. At virtually any desired position access can be obtained to an upper duct by drilling a hole in the covering floor and the line running therein can be carried outside to the location of use. The auxiliary duct can for instance be covered by a removable plate so that access to the auxiliary duct can always be obtained. Lines for water supply and the outlet lines can moreover also be placed in the tube-like ducts.

Above mentioned and other features of the invention will be elucidated with reference to the annexed drawings. In the drawings:

Fig. 1 shows a perspective cross sectional view of a tile-shaped building element according to the invention, fig. 2 shows a similar view of another embodiment, fig. 3 shows an embodiment consisting of two sections, fig. 4 shows sectional views of alternative embodi¬ ments of sections, fig. 5 is a perspective top view of four mutually abutting building elements according to the invention, where¬ in of three only the lower sections are shown, fig. 6 shows a standing section through a tile-shaped building element according to the invention, wherein the upper section is supported on support elements in the corners thereof, fig. 7 shows a section corresponding to fig. 6 of an alternative embodiment, fig. 8 shows a standing section of a support element according to the invention according to a first embodiment, fig. 9 , 10a and b each show perspective top views of a support element with variously arranged aligning members, fig. 11 shows a standing section corresponding to fig. 8 of a second embodiment of the support element according to the invention, fig. 12 shows a perspective top view corresponding to fig. 5 of a group of tile-shaped building elements whereof the lower sections are mutually fastenable by means of clam¬ ps, fig. 13, 14, 15 each show a perspective top view corresponding to fig. 12 of alternative fastening means, fig. 16 is a perspective view of a fastening means that is annular but discontinuous, fig. 17 is a perspective view, wherein the upper section of the tile is aligned on the support elements via a separate framework, fig. 18 is a sectional view of a floor built up of tile-shaped building elements according to the invention. The tile-shaped building element 1 in fig. 1 comprises the channel-like recesses 2 on the upper side. At about half- height are arranged tube-like, in this case cylindrical, ducts 3. In the embodiment according to fig. 2 the tile-shaped building element likewise has channel-like recesses 4 on the underside. The tile-shaped building element is built up from two sections 5, 6, each provided with a tongue 27 and groove 7 as assist means in placing the sections 5, 6 in register one on the other. Fig. 3 shows an embodiment in which reces¬ ses 8 of larger dimensions than those in fig. 2 are arranged on the underside. The sections 9, 10 are placed mutually staggered. The sections are joined to one another by means of an element 11, for instance of wood, arranged in an approxi- mately rectangular recess.

In order to centre sections relative to one another a pin-hole connection can also be used.

In the embodiment according to fig. 4 sections are used which have recesses on only one side. The tube-like ducts are here enclosed by the continuous surface of one of the sections and the walls of the recesses on one side of the other section.

Shown in fig. 5 is a further development of the tile- shaped building element, which element consists of a lower section 30 which, laid mutually adjoining, forms a group for covering an underfloor. Recesses are arranged in the upward oriented sectional face of the section, wherein it is noted that here wall portions are broken away, particularly in the central part thereof. Leftover as a result are ridge-like wall portions 31 which here form groups of channels which run parallel in the group but which lie oriented per group at right angles to each other. The channels moreover extend into the central portion of the side face of the tile so that upstanding corner portions 32 result. A further special feature is that in each side face of the section 30 of the tile-shaped building element a niche¬ like recess 33 is arranged and in the embodiment according to fig. 5 this is incorporated in the corner piece 32.

When the sections of the tile are mutually abutting a space 34 is created, see the centre of fig. 5, which can be filled by support elements 35 which are further elucidated hereinbelo .

The upper section 36 of the tile-shaped building element covers the upper part of the lower section 30 but supports with the corner points on the support elements 35. It will be apparent that the abutting upper sections 36 (not shown) of the other tiles will result in a smooth top floor in the laid situation.

It is also possible to unify two or more upper sec- tions 36 of a building element to a larger tile, whereby for instance two or four lower sections 30 are covered with an upper section.

Fig. 6 shows a standing section of the tile of fig. 5, with the understanding that channels 8 are formed on the underside of the lower section 30, as described with referen¬ ce to the tile of fig. 3.

Fig. 7 shows a cross section corresponding with fig. 5, wherein the lower section 30 is itself sub-divided into two sections 9' and 10' corresponding to the sections in fig. 3 and 4 respectively. Ducts 3 are recessed between the sec¬ tions. The upper section 36 here rests once again on support elements 35.

A description now follows of the support elements 35 with reference to fig. 8, 9, 10a and b and 11. In the embodi- ment shown the block-shaped support element 35 is rectangular in outer dimensions but it will be apparent that the support element can also have another peripheral configuration depen¬ ding on the niche shape 34.

The purpose of the support element 35 is to enable accurate aligning of the upper section 36 of the tile, to which end the height of the support element 35 is variable.

The block-shaped support element 35 is provided there¬ for on the upper side with a bore, here blind, with screw thread 37 wherein a nut body 38 is received, the outer screw thread of which co-acts with that of the block-shaped support element 35. By turning the nut body 38, for instance by inserting an auxiliary tool in the slot 39 of nut body 38, the height of the top surface 40 can be adjusted relative to the block-shaped element 35. It is noted here that recessed into the underside of the block-shaped element 35 is a space 41 into which a nar¬ rowed portion 42 of a base part 43 can be placed. This base part serves to bring the block-shaped element 35 to the desired height and is interchangeable with base parts of different height.

The above is embodied such that the top surface 40 of the nut body 38 extends at the same level as or higher than the upper surface of the protrusion-like elevation 32 of the lower section 30 of the tile. According to the embodiment shown the nut body 38 is furnished on the periphery of the top surface 40 with a peripheral edge 44, whereby it becomes possible to arrange aligning members, as for instance shown with 45 or 46, in the recessed cavity inside the peripheral edge 44. The aligning body 45 consists of a circular base portion having pin-like studs 47 arranged thereon. These pin-like studs 47 co-act with recesses 48 which can be arranged in the upper section 36 of the tile. In this manner it is possible to accurately place the upper sections 36. It is also possible to arrange an aligning member 46 provided with a cross on the base portion into which the corner points of the upper sections 36 can be received, see fig. 10a and b.

Fig. 11 shows an alternative embodiment wherein the block-shaped body 35 is divided into two parts 35' and 35", between which is received the nut-like body 38. Each part 35', 35" is provided with a screw thread with opposing th¬ reads which co-act with a screw thread of the nut body 38, this such that when the nut body 38 is rotated the two parts 35', 35" are respectively moved away from and towards one another. The height of the bearing surface 40', which is formed here by the top surface of the upper part 35", is herewith adjusted in simple manner.

Another base element 43 can be inserted on the under- side, while an aligning member 45 or 46 is possible on the upper side.

Fig. 12-15 show how the lower sections 30 of the tile- shaped building element can be mutually attached by using for instance fastening means 48 in the form of a clamp as shown in fig. 12. The legs 49 of the clamp hook around the outside of the protrusion-like elevations 32 of each section 30.

In fig. 13 the clamp-like fastening members 48 are placed in a horizontal plane so that the body thereof does not run over the top surface of the protrusion-like elements 32.

Fig. 14 shows clamping members 50 as fastening means which can be placed in holes in the lower section 30. To mutually align the lower sections it can be advantageous to temporarily place assist blocks 51 between the ridges 31 on the upper section 30, as shown in the middle of fig. 14.

Prior to laying of the upper section 36 these blocks 51 can be removed.

Fig. 15 shows an embodiment wherein the upstanding corner portions 31 are provided with a curved outer face, here a quarter-circle, so that when the lower sections 30 are assembled a circular corner portion is created around which a circular band can be arranged as fastening means 53.

By interrupting the band 53 at 54 in fig. 16 and by making the band of resilient material, arranging can be performed in very effective manner.

Fig. 17 shows an embodiment wherein an extra framework 55 can be placed on the supports elements 35, which frame¬ works serve to support the upper section 36 (not shown). For this purpose each framework is in any case provided with an inward pointing flange 56 and if necessary with an outward pointing flange 57, thus making it possible to suffice with only two frameworks 55 for covering four tiles. The upper and lower tile in fig. 17 is covered by an upper section which supports on the free-standing support element 35 which can itself again be used to support a third framework 55 (not shown) .

The positioning of the frameworks 55 can take place with a hole-pin joint as shown with the embodiment in fig. 10a or with the cross aligning member as in fig. 10b. Shown in the embodiment according to fig. 18 is a concrete floor 12 and a frontage 13. A partition wall 14 separates a corridor zone 15 from the office space 16. Ar¬ ranged in the corridor zone 15 is a main duct 17 into which can be placed collecting mains 18 and cables 19, 20. Formed close to the frontage is an auxiliary duct 21 covered with a removable cover plate 22. Also running in this auxiliary duct 21 are lines and cables which are connected by means of the lines 23 running in the one-directional ducts in the tile elements according to the invention from which the floor is constructed to the lines in the main duct 17. From a junction box in the auxiliary duct 21 lines can be carried through a duct 24 on the upper side to the place of use 26, 27 in the office space. It is also possible to carry the line to the location of use without interposing a junction box. To gain access to the duct 24 the covering layer 25 must be drilled through locally. Because the ducts run in one direction and mutually parallel there is no danger of the line being ob¬ structed when the lines are inserted.

The line 26 which runs in one of the bottom ducts and is connected to the collecting main 18 can serve for instance as water outlet for a kitchen, toilet and the like.

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Claims

1. Tile-shaped building element with recesses for forming ducts for through-feed of lines and the like, charac¬ terized by at least one tube-like duct arranged between the top surface and the bottom surface of the tile.

2. Tile-shaped building element as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that each building element consists of at least two sections and at least one of the sections has recesses on the upper side and/or underside.

3. Tile-shaped building element as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that at least the lower section has parallel recesses in the upper side, wherein the intermediate walls are partly broken away.

4. Tile-shaped building element as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that two groups of parallel recesses mutual- ly intersecting at right angles are arranged.

5. Tile-shaped building element as claimed in claim 3 and/or 4, characterized in that the parallel recesses are arranged at a distance from the standing side face of the tile-shaped element that is at least equal to the breadth of the recess.

6. Tile-shaped building element as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that each section has recesses on the upper and lower sides and the placing of at least the recesses on one of the sides is selected such that, when similar sections are placed one on another, recesses lie in mutual register to form a tube-like duct.

7. Tile-shaped building element as claimed in claims 1-2, characterized in that the tube-like duct has a cylindri¬ cal section.

8. Tile-shaped building element as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the tube-shaped duct has a larger diameter locally for receiving flange-like connecting pieces which couple lines.

9. Tile-shaped building element as claimed in claims 1-8, characterized in that at least a number of ducts run mutually parallel and at the same distance from the upper side and the underside.

10. Tile-shaped building element as claimed in claims 1-9, characterized in that the sections have a tongue and a groove.

11. Tile-shaped building element as claimed in claims 1-9, characterized in that the sections have a recess for arranging a coupling element.

12. Tile-shaped building element as claimed in claims 1-9, characterized in that the sections have ridge-like protrusions locally and correspondingly shaped cavities locally for centering the sections relative to each other.

13. Tile-shaped building element as claimed in any of the foregoing claims 2-9, characterized in that at least the or each lower section is provided in each standing side face with at least one niche-like recess, wherein the space formed by the niche-like recesses of at least two abutting elements is filled by a support element for supporting the upper section of the tile.

14. Tile-shaped building element as claimed in claim 13, characterized in that the niche-like recess is situated on the corner point of the building element.

15. Group of mutually abutting tile-shaped building element as claimed in any of the claims 1-14, characterized in that fastening means are arranged between the tile-shaped building elements.

16. Group of tile-shaped building elements as claimed in claim 15, characterized in that the fastening means con¬ sists of a clamp-like member.

17. Group of tile-shaped building elements as claimed in claim 15, characterized in that the fastening means is a circular member.

18. Group of tile-shaped building elements as claimed in claim 17, characterized in that the circular member is discontinuous.

19. Support element for use with a tile-shaped build¬ ing element as claimed in claim 13, characterized by two parts placeable into or onto one another.

20. Support element as claimed in claim 19, charac¬ terized in that the one part is screwable relative to the other part.

21. Support element as claimed in claim 19 or 20, characterized in that an aligning member can be placed on a part.

22. Building with storey floors, on each storey floor an allotted zone for corridors located at a distance from the building frontage, a main duct for lines and the like in the corridor zone, an auxiliary duct for lines and the like close to the building frontage and, between the corridor zone and the building frontage, tile-shaped building elements as claimed in claim 7 or 8, which are placed such that the ducts therein extend between the main duct and the auxiliary duct.

23. Building as claimed in claim 22, characterized in that the tile-shaped building elements are placed mutually staggered.

24. Building as claimed in claim 22 or 23, charac¬ terized in that lines leaving the main duct such as electri¬ city, data and telephone lines run through the ducts in the- tile-shaped building elements to the auxiliary duct and are guided from the auxiliary ducts through the upper ducts in the tile-shaped building elements to a desired location between the corridor zone and the building frontage.

25. Building as claimed in claim 24, characterized in that dis¬ tributor means are arranged in the auxiliary duct for branch¬ ing lines supplied from the main duct to the upper ducts.

26. Building as claimed in claims 23-24, characterized in that the auxiliary duct is covered by a removable plate.

27. Building as claimed in claims 23-26, characterized in that lines for supply and discharge of liquid are placed in the tube-like ducts.

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