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WO1984004400A1 - Microcospe - Google Patents

Microcospe Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1984004400A1
WO1984004400A1 PCT/DE1984/000100 DE8400100W WO8404400A1 WO 1984004400 A1 WO1984004400 A1 WO 1984004400A1 DE 8400100 W DE8400100 W DE 8400100W WO 8404400 A1 WO8404400 A1 WO 8404400A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
concave mirror
mirror
light
focal point
microscope
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/DE1984/000100
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Gottfried Fabke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TH STEFFENS Firma
TH STEFFENS FA
Original Assignee
TH STEFFENS Firma
TH STEFFENS FA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by TH STEFFENS Firma, TH STEFFENS FA filed Critical TH STEFFENS Firma
Publication of WO1984004400A1 publication Critical patent/WO1984004400A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B21/00—Microscopes
    • G02B21/02—Objectives
    • G02B21/04—Objectives involving mirrors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
    • G02B17/02—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system
    • G02B17/06—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror
    • G02B17/0605—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror using two curved mirrors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
    • G02B17/02—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system
    • G02B17/06—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror
    • G02B17/0605—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror using two curved mirrors
    • G02B17/061—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror using two curved mirrors on-axis systems with at least one of the mirrors having a central aperture

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a microscope with an objective and an eyepiece.
  • the objective of a conventional microscope consists of one or more lenses, with the aid of which an enlarged intermediate image is generated from the object on a slide, which is viewed with the eyepiece.
  • the resolution is limited to approximately 0.5 .mu.m, this limitation of the resolution usually being explained by the wave nature of the light.
  • Propagation speed in the atmosphere has, like before entering the lens.
  • the inventor explains this by the fact that the speed of propagation of the light in the glass of the lens is actually not less than. in the atmosphere, but that the light 'travels only by larger amplitudes of the oscillatory • * in the glass in this another way.
  • the greater amplitude of the oscillating movement of the light in the glass compared to the oscillating movement in the atmosphere would then also be an explanation for the fact that the resolution is limited by the use of the lens, but not due to the wave nature of the light.
  • a microscope of the type mentioned at the outset is designed in accordance with the invention in such a way that the objective contains at least one front surface concave mirror, the focal point of which lies between the eyepiece and the concave mirror.
  • a front surface concave mirror is therefore used instead of an optical lens through which the light must pass, which reflects and bundles the light with its outer reflection surface.
  • the concave mirror has a central opening, in front of which a flat or concave front surface mirror is arranged between it and the focal point, with its mirror surface facing the central opening, and the specimen slide is then at the focal point the side of the concave mirror facing away from this area of the passage opening.
  • the microscope shown schematically has a housing o 1, in which a light source 2 is arranged in the lower part.
  • a glass slide 3 is inserted into a slide holder 4.
  • a front surface concave mirror 5 fastened in holders 6, which has 5 a central opening 7 which lies above the specimen slide 3.
  • a schematically indicated eyepiece 11 is attached, and between the eyepiece 11 and the concave mirror 5 is the focal point 10 of the concave mirror 5.0
  • a flat front surface mirror 9 is arranged near the reflection surface of the concave mirror 5 and on the same side as the focal point 10 and is held in a manner not shown.
  • the mirror surface of the 5 mirror 9 faces the central opening 7 of the concave mirror 5 and lies in a normal plane to the optical axis of the concave mirror 5.
  • light falls from the lamp 2 through the lens holder 3 and reaches the flat mirror 9 and then the concave mirror 5, so that it is guided through the focal point 10 and to the eyepiece 11.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Microscoopes, Condenser (AREA)
  • Lenses (AREA)

Abstract

In a microscope comprising an objective and an ocular (11), the objective contains at least one front surface concave mirror (5) of which the focus (10) is located between the ocular (11) and the concave mirror (5).

Description

Mikroskop microscope

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Mikroskop mit einem Objektiv und einem Okular.The invention relates to a microscope with an objective and an eyepiece.

Das Objektiv eines üblichen Mikroskopes besteht aus ein oder mehreren Linsen, mit deren Hilfe vom auf einem Objektträger befindlichen Objekt ein vergrößertes Zwischenbild erzeugt wird, das mit dem Okular betrach¬ tet wird.The objective of a conventional microscope consists of one or more lenses, with the aid of which an enlarged intermediate image is generated from the object on a slide, which is viewed with the eyepiece.

Bei derartigen Mikroskopen ist die Auflösung auf etwa 0,5 ,um begrenzt, wobei diese Begrenzung der Auflösung üblicherweise mit der Wellennatur des Lichtes erklärt wird.In such microscopes, the resolution is limited to approximately 0.5 .mu.m, this limitation of the resolution usually being explained by the wave nature of the light.

Der Erfinder ist der Auffassung, daß diese Auflösungsbe- grenzung ihre Ursache nicht in der Wellennatur des Lichtes hat, sondern daß davon ausgegangen werden muß, daß das Licht einen korpuskularen Charakter besitzt und aus Photonen besteht. Wenn dies zutrifft, so ist schwer erklärbar, daß sich das Licht in der Atmosphäre mit größerer Geschwindigkeit ausbreitet als beispielsweise im Glas einer optischen Linse, zumal das Licht nach dem Durchtritt durch die optische Linse wieder die gleicheThe inventor is of the opinion that this resolution limitation is not due to the wave nature of light, but that it must be assumed that light has a corpuscular character and consists of photons. If this is the case, it is difficult to explain that the light propagates in the atmosphere at a higher speed than, for example, in the glass of an optical lens, especially since the light is the same again after it has passed through the optical lens

" Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit in der Atmosphäre hat, wie vor dem Eintritt in die Linse. Der Erfinder erklärt dies damit, daß tatsächlich die Ausbreitungsgeschwindig¬ keit des Lichtes im Glas der Linse nicht geringer ist als. in der Atmosphäre, sondern daß das Licht lediglich durch größere Amplituden der •Oszillationsbewegung*' im Glas in diesem einen weiteren Weg zurücklegt. Die größere Amplitude der Oszillationsbewegung des Lichtes im Glas gegenüber der Oszillationsbewegung in der 0 Atmosphäre wäre dann aber auch eine Erklärung dafür, daß die Auflösung durch den Einsatz der Linse, jedoch nicht aufgrund der Wellennatur des Lichtes begrenzt ist. " Propagation speed in the atmosphere has, like before entering the lens. The inventor explains this by the fact that the speed of propagation of the light in the glass of the lens is actually not less than. in the atmosphere, but that the light 'travels only by larger amplitudes of the oscillatory • * in the glass in this another way. The greater amplitude of the oscillating movement of the light in the glass compared to the oscillating movement in the atmosphere would then also be an explanation for the fact that the resolution is limited by the use of the lens, but not due to the wave nature of the light.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Mikroskop zu schaf¬ 5 fen, dessen Auflösung wesentlich größer ist als bei bisherigen Mikros-kopen.It is an object of the invention to create a microscope whose resolution is significantly greater than that of previous microscopes.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird ein Mikroskop der ein¬ 0 gangs erwähnten Art erfindungsgemäß derart ausgestal¬ tet, daß das Objektiv mindestens einen Vorderflache - Hohlspiegel enthält, dessen Brennpunkt zwischen Okular und Hohlspiegel liegt.To achieve this object, a microscope of the type mentioned at the outset is designed in accordance with the invention in such a way that the objective contains at least one front surface concave mirror, the focal point of which lies between the eyepiece and the concave mirror.

2_ In dem erfindungsgemäßen Mikroskop wird also im Ob¬ jektiv anstelle einer optischen Linse, durch die das Licht hindurchtreten muß, ein Vorderflächen-Hohlspiegel verwendet, der das Licht mit seiner außen liegenden Reflexionsfläche reflektiert und bündelt. Dadurch wird 2 _ In the microscope according to the invention, a front surface concave mirror is therefore used instead of an optical lens through which the light must pass, which reflects and bundles the light with its outer reflection surface. This will

_0 ein Durchtritt des vom Objektträger kommenden Lichtes durch eine optische Linse und damit die die Auflösung verringernde Vergrößerung der Amplitude der Oszilla¬ tionsbewegung des Lichtes vermieden, also die Auflösung des Mikroskopes wesentlich verbessert._ 0 a passage of the light coming from the slide through an optical lens and thus the resolution-reducing increase in the amplitude of the oscillation movement of the light is avoided, that is to say the resolution of the microscope is substantially improved.

3535

OMPIOMPI

WIPO ANATlO In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung hat der Hohlspiegel eine Mittelöffnung, vor der zwischen ihm und dem Brenn¬ punkt ein ebener oder konkaver, mit seiner Spiegel¬ fläche der Mittelöffnung zugewandter Vorderflächen-Spie- 5 gel angeordnet ist, und der Objektträger ist dann an der dem Brennpunkt abgewandten Seite des Hohlspiegels im Abstand von diesem Bereich der Durchtrittsöffnung angeordnet.WIPO ANATlO In a preferred embodiment, the concave mirror has a central opening, in front of which a flat or concave front surface mirror is arranged between it and the focal point, with its mirror surface facing the central opening, and the specimen slide is then at the focal point the side of the concave mirror facing away from this area of the passage opening.

-10 Es ist jedoch auch möglich, zwischen Hohlspiegel und Brennpunkt einen schräggestellten ebenen Vorderflachen- Spiegel anzuordnen und auf diesen das Licht vom Objekt¬ träger zu lenken, so daß der ebene Spiegel das Licht dann auf den Hohlspiegel reflektiert.-10 However, it is also possible to arrange an inclined flat front surface mirror between the concave mirror and the focal point and to direct the light from the slide onto the mirror so that the flat mirror then reflects the light onto the concave mirror.

1515

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand der schematisch ein Ausführungsbeispiel zeigenden Figur näher erläutert.The invention is explained below with reference to the figure schematically showing an embodiment.

Das schematisch dargestellte Mikroskop hat ein Gehäuse o 1, in dem im unteren Teil eine Lichtquelle 2 angeordnet ist. In einen Objektträgerhalter 4 ist ein Objektträger 3 aus Glas eingeschoben. Wie in der Figur dargestellt, befindet sich oberhalb des Objektträgers ein in Halte¬ rungen 6 befestigter Vorderflächen-Hohlspiegel 5, der 5 eine Mittelöffnung 7 aufweist, die oberhalb des Objekt¬ trägers 3 liegt. Am oberen Ende des Gehäuses 1 ist ein schematisch angedeutetes Okular 11 befestigt, und zwischen dem Okular 11 und dem Hohlspiegel 5 liegt der Brennpunkt 10 des Hohlspiegels 5. 0The microscope shown schematically has a housing o 1, in which a light source 2 is arranged in the lower part. A glass slide 3 is inserted into a slide holder 4. As shown in the figure, above the specimen slide is a front surface concave mirror 5 fastened in holders 6, which has 5 a central opening 7 which lies above the specimen slide 3. At the upper end of the housing 1, a schematically indicated eyepiece 11 is attached, and between the eyepiece 11 and the concave mirror 5 is the focal point 10 of the concave mirror 5.0

Nahe der Reflexionsfläche des Hohlspiegels 5 und auf der gleichen Seite wie der Brennpunkt 10 ist ein ebener Vorderflächen-Spiegel 9 angeordnet, der in nicht darge¬ stellter Weise gehaltert ist. Die Spiegelfläche des 5 Spiegels 9 ist der Mittelöffnung 7 des Hohlspiegels 5 zugewandt und liegt in einer Normalebene zur optischen Achse des Hohlspiegels 5. Wie durch die strichpunktierten Strahlengänge angedeu¬ tet, fällt Licht von der Lampe 2 durch den Obejektträ- ger 3 und gelangt auf den ebenen Spiegel 9 und dann auf den Hohlspiegel 5, so daß es durch den Brennpunkt 10 und zum Okular 11 geführt wird. Wie ohne weiteres klar ist, ergibt sich dadurch, in gleicher Weise wie in einem konventionellen Mikroskop, eine Vergrößerung des auf dem Objektträger 3 befindlichen Objektes. A flat front surface mirror 9 is arranged near the reflection surface of the concave mirror 5 and on the same side as the focal point 10 and is held in a manner not shown. The mirror surface of the 5 mirror 9 faces the central opening 7 of the concave mirror 5 and lies in a normal plane to the optical axis of the concave mirror 5. As indicated by the dash-dotted beam paths, light falls from the lamp 2 through the lens holder 3 and reaches the flat mirror 9 and then the concave mirror 5, so that it is guided through the focal point 10 and to the eyepiece 11. As is immediately clear, this results in an enlargement of the object on the slide 3, in the same way as in a conventional microscope.

Claims

Ansprüche Expectations 1. Mikroskop mit einem Objektiv und einem Okular, da¬ durch gekennzeichnet, daß das Objektiv mindestens einen Vorderflächen-Hohlspiegel (5) enthält, dessen Brennpunkt (10) zwischen Okular (1) und Hohlspiegel (5) liegt.1. microscope with a lens and an eyepiece, characterized in that the lens contains at least one front surface concave mirror (5), the focal point (10) of which lies between the eyepiece (1) and concave mirror (5). 2. Mikroskop nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Hohlspiegel (5) eine Mittelöffnung (7) hat, vor der zwischen Hohlspiegel (5) und Brennpunkt (10) ein mit seiner Spiegelfläche der Mittelöffnung (7) zugewandter Vorderflächen-Spiegel (9) angeord¬ net ist, und daß der Objektträger (3) an der dem Brennpunkt (10) abgewandten Seite des Hohlspiegels (5) im Abstand von diesem im Bereich der Durch¬ trittsöffnung (7) angeordnet ist.2. Microscope according to claim 1, characterized in that the concave mirror (5) has a central opening (7) in front of which between the concave mirror (5) and focal point (10) with its mirror surface facing the central opening (7) facing front surface mirror (9 ) is arranged, and that the specimen slide (3) is arranged on the side of the concave mirror (5) facing away from the focal point (10) at a distance from it in the region of the passage opening (7). OMPIOMPI - J - J
PCT/DE1984/000100 1983-05-03 1984-05-03 Microcospe Ceased WO1984004400A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19833316036 DE3316036A1 (en) 1983-05-03 1983-05-03 MICROSCOPE

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1984004400A1 true WO1984004400A1 (en) 1984-11-08

Family

ID=6197977

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE1984/000100 Ceased WO1984004400A1 (en) 1983-05-03 1984-05-03 Microcospe

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0141846A1 (en)
DE (1) DE3316036A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1984004400A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104914561A (en) * 2009-02-12 2015-09-16 卡尔蔡司Smt有限责任公司 Imaging optical system, projection exposure installation, method for manufacturing a component and the component
CN105116527A (en) * 2015-09-25 2015-12-02 上海新跃仪表厂 High-relative-aperture low-distortion wide-angle long-infrared catadioptric optical system

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2306679A (en) * 1940-05-02 1942-12-29 Taylor Taylor & Hobson Ltd Optical system
US2684015A (en) * 1950-04-27 1954-07-20 Polaroid Corp Reflecting mirror optical objective

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2306679A (en) * 1940-05-02 1942-12-29 Taylor Taylor & Hobson Ltd Optical system
US2684015A (en) * 1950-04-27 1954-07-20 Polaroid Corp Reflecting mirror optical objective

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104914561A (en) * 2009-02-12 2015-09-16 卡尔蔡司Smt有限责任公司 Imaging optical system, projection exposure installation, method for manufacturing a component and the component
CN105116527A (en) * 2015-09-25 2015-12-02 上海新跃仪表厂 High-relative-aperture low-distortion wide-angle long-infrared catadioptric optical system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3316036A1 (en) 1984-11-22
EP0141846A1 (en) 1985-05-22

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