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WO1980001511A1 - Procede et dispositif de declenchement controle d'avalanches - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de declenchement controle d'avalanches Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1980001511A1
WO1980001511A1 PCT/AT1980/000002 AT8000002W WO8001511A1 WO 1980001511 A1 WO1980001511 A1 WO 1980001511A1 AT 8000002 W AT8000002 W AT 8000002W WO 8001511 A1 WO8001511 A1 WO 8001511A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
explosive
unit
transport device
marking area
explosive charge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/AT1980/000002
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
P Schroecksnadel
K Habicher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO1980001511A1 publication Critical patent/WO1980001511A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for artificially triggering avalanches by means of an explosive charge which is brought from an avalanche-safe starting point into the avalanche marking area, is positioned there at a distance from the snow surface and is finally ignited in a controlled manner from the starting point, and devices for carrying it out.
  • This method too, which seems to be independent of location, cannot be used to artificially trigger all the avalanches desired, since there are limits to the transport of the transport sled. It can therefore generally only be used on mountains whose slopes opposite the avalanche slope can be driven by a snow groomer or the like pulling the transport sledge, so that the transport sledge can be lowered over the ridge into the marking area. The slope can only be approached from the side in a few topographically favorable cases.
  • this object is achieved in that the explosive charge and the minimum distance from the optic surface-determining element is combined in a blasting unit, which is transported into the marking area and is ignited after the determination of the minimum distance.
  • the distance between the explosive charge and the snow surface was determined by fastening it to the boom of the explosive sled. Because the detonator had to remain in place during the detonation to the explosive charge. to keep, its uses, as mentioned, are limited, and other transport options cannot be used.
  • model (or small) caterpillar vehicles, airships, helicopters or the like are particularly suitable, which are unmanned in any case, and for this reason, since their load-bearing capacity only has to correspond to the explosive unit, light, agile and may be limited to the essential components.
  • the starting point can be chosen at any point, for example at the top station of a lift or a cable car, on a ski run that can be accessed by a snow groomer, etc.
  • Both the steering and the triggering of the detonation can be done on the one hand by wireless remote control, but on the other hand also be conducted via a tether and / or an ignition cable.
  • line-based steering and ignition - regardless of whether the watering device is a ground or an aircraft - should be preferred in order to avoid accidents caused by wireless remote control failure, external interference, etc.
  • the element that determines the minimum distance can now be designed, for example, as a support rod that is inserted into the snow in the cracking area, a snow plate, a wire mesh, laterally protruding pieces of wire or the like being provided to determine the minimum distance.
  • the explosive charge is attached to the upper end part of the support rod and - in the case of wired ignition - the end of the ignition cable is attached to it.
  • This version of the blasting unit can now be transported to the cracking area with the transport device and set down there in the snow. If a model caterpillar vehicle is used as the transport device, this is ordered back at least a small distance from the danger zone, the ignition line being designed for wired ignition.
  • the vehicle can also return to the starting point and route the ignition cable along the entire route.
  • the same procedure can also be followed if the explosive unit is carried by a missile. After stopping in the marking area, the explosive device, which hangs on the underside of the missile, is put into the area with him or alone
  • the explosive unit sinks into the fresh fresh snow due to the weight of the explosive charge, the snow plate or the like limiting the sinking depth.
  • the ignition line can be designed as an ignition line.
  • the explosive device can also be constructed differently for transport with a missile. It is thus possible to attach a sensor to the explosive charge, the contact with which on the ground shows the minimum distance when it drops.
  • the sensor can provide a visual or acoustic display directly or via the tether.
  • the senor can be formed, for example, by a rope, a line or the like, a rod etc., which preferably has a snow plate, a wire mesh or the like at the lower end in order to prevent it from sinking into the snow.
  • signal bodies can protrude from the side of the sensor.
  • An acoustic display can be transmitted to the starting point, for example, via the tether line.
  • This design of the explosive unit does not, of course, allow it to be set down in the crack area and the missile to be redirected. However, there is the possibility already mentioned of letting the missile rise in order to bring the missile to a safe distance from the explosive charge.
  • a portable car battery or that of a snow groomer are available as energy sources, and their power supply in the vicinity of the lift or cable car station. After the detonation, the ignition cable can be pulled back from the starting point.
  • the transport device could of course also be driven by an internal combustion engine.
  • a holding device for the blasting unit which allows the blasting unit to move in the marking area from the transport position into the release position.
  • this can be a pivotable support arm that can be coupled to the drive unit, while in the case of missiles, for example, a cable winch with a cable drum can be provided, from which the ignition line or a support cable for the blasting unit is unwound.
  • a sufficiently long supporting cable can be attached to the underside of the missile in order to reduce weight, the transport taking place at a higher flight height.
  • the suspension cable remains under tension during the flight, when positioning in the marking area and possibly also during the ignition due to the weight of the explosive unit.
  • the ignition line which is designed when returning to the starting point, is also advantageously wound on a cable drum, which can be connectable to the drive unit.
  • each of the transport devices mentioned can have a second cable drum for the supply line, preferably also connectable to the drive unit, from which the supply line unwinds during the outward movement and winds up during the return movement. Coupling them to the drive unit is particularly advantageous in the case of a ground vehicle, since the cable drum can be automatically excavated by switching on the vehicle, which may be stuck in the snow.
  • the cable drum for the supply line can also be set up at the starting point, so that a reduction in weight of the transport device is achieved, which will be of particular advantage in the case of missiles.
  • the explosive device according to the invention can, however, also be conveyed into the marking area in a further manner and deposited there.
  • the tether which in turn preferably forms the ignition line, is attached directly to the upper end of the support rod, which is not to be inserted into the snow, which in turn has a snow plate, a grid or the like to determine the minimum distance.
  • the blasting unit is fired together with the tether line from a launcher into the marking area.
  • the upper end of the support rod, which is connected to the tether is provided with stabilizing wings.
  • This type of transport can also be carried out satisfactorily in many cases, since the marking area is often relatively close to the starting point, for example 50-150 m away. In the event of a miss that does not occur in the marking area, there is no danger to the surroundings, since the detonation unit can easily be retrieved on the tether line or a suitable time can be selected to trigger the detonation.
  • the ignition cable can be pulled back in again.
  • the firing direction can also be operated with explosives.
  • the use of a crossbow or the like is also conceivable.
  • FIGS. 1 schematically shows the implementation of the method according to the invention on an avalanche slope
  • FIGS. 2 to 4 embodiments of explosive units according to the invention FIGS. 5 and 6 a side view and top view of a ground vehicle
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 each show two side view aircraft when positioning the blasting unit
  • Fig. 9 a launcher for a further variant of the method.
  • a cable car, a ski lift or the like is shown with S.
  • L means the part of the slope which is at risk of avalanches, in which A represents the marking area and P the exact marking point.
  • an avalanche-proof starting point B is selected, from which the blasting unit 1 is brought along the line C into the marking part A.
  • the method according to the invention essentially consists in transporting and detonating an 'explosive unit 1 (FIGS. 2-4), consisting of an explosive charge 2 with an element 3, 4 determining a minimum distance from the snow surface, into the marking area , which can trigger controlled avalanches. Since the explosive charge 2 with the help of element 3, 4 above the snow surface is positioned in front of the ignition, the blasting unit 1 does not have to be positioned exactly at the marking point P, but somewhere in the marking area A, which is swept by the pressure wave hitting the snow surface from above.
  • an 'explosive unit 1 consisting of an explosive charge 2 with an element 3, 4 determining a minimum distance from the snow surface, into the marking area , which can trigger controlled avalanches. Since the explosive charge 2 with the help of element 3, 4 above the snow surface is positioned in front of the ignition, the blasting unit 1 does not have to be positioned exactly at the marking point P, but somewhere in the marking area A, which is swept by the pressure wave hitting the snow surface from above.
  • the explosive unit 1 can therefore be transported, for example, with an unmanned remote-controlled transport device 23, for example according to FIGS. 5 and 6 with a model caterpillar vehicle 10, according to FIG. 7 with a model helicopter 11, or according to FIG. 8 with a model airship 12. It is also possible to fire the blasting unit 1, for example by means of a crossbow 22 (FIG. 9).
  • FIG. 2 An explosive device for transport by a model caterpillar 10 is shown in FIG. 2, for example.
  • the explosive charge 2 is fastened on a support rod 3 with a plug-in tip 6, a snow plate 4, for example in the form of laterally protruding wire pieces, or the like, being arranged at a distance from the explosive charge 2 corresponding to the minimum distance 9 from the snow surface.
  • An ignition line 5, which is connected to the explosive charge 2 leads away from the upper end of the support rod 3.
  • a model tracked vehicle 10 suitable for transport has a support frame 14 in which a drive unit, in particular an electric motor 15, is arranged in the center, with the aid of which, for example, via chain drives 19 and Magnetic clutches 20, the two crawler belts 13, a cable drum 17 at the front end for the ignition line 5 for explosive charge, a holding device 18, also at the front end, for receiving the explosive unit 1 and a second cable drum 16 at the rear end can be driven individually, jointly or in groups.
  • the second cable drum 16 carries the supply line 24 for the electric motor 15, which also serves as a tether 21.
  • the holding device 18 consists of a U-shaped
  • a support, not shown, can serve to support the explosive charge 2 at the rear end.
  • the model crawler vehicle 10 is steered with the explosive unit 1 from the starting point B into the marking area A, the supply line 24 being unwound from the cable drum 15 as a tether line 21.
  • the holding device 18 is pivoted forward, whereby the tip 6 of the support rod is pressed into the snow until the snow plate 4 is supported in the snow.
  • the explosive charge 2 is thus at the necessary minimum distance 9.
  • the vehicle 10 is then retracted, the cable drum 16 winding up the tether line 21 and the cable drum 17 handling the ignition line 5. After returning to starting point B, the avalanche can be ignited in a controlled manner.
  • Unexploded ordnance can be removed from the scribing area again, since the explosive unit 1 can be retrieved via the ignition line 5.
  • the cable drum 16 for the tether 21 can optionally also be provided at the starting point B.
  • the explosive unit 1 of FIG. 2 can also be transported by an aircraft, the cable drum 17 for the ignition line being arranged in or below the airship 12 or helicopter 11.
  • the cable drum 16 for the tether 21 is set up at the starting point B, while the cable drum 17 can be omitted if a sufficiently long line is attached as a holding device 18 below the aircraft to which the explosive unit hangs.
  • the necessary length of the line is approximately 10-20 m in order to avoid damage to the aircraft due to the detonation, which in this embodiment cannot detonate the explosive unit 1 if it is to be detonated using a line.
  • the tether line 21 and the tether line 18 also serve as the ignition line 5, the tether line 21 also serves as the supply line 24 for the electric motor 15 of the aircraft.
  • a blasting unit 1 can be used which is of low weight.
  • a rope, chain, line or the like 3 ' serves as the distance-determining element, which can also have a snow plate 4' at the lower end.
  • the distance-determining element serves as a sensor, the contact of which with the floor is evident from the vertical deviation.
  • flags 3 'or other signal bodies 7 are attached to the line 3'.
  • the tether 18 again serves as the ignition line 5.
  • the wired ignition and steering of the transport devices increases the safety of the controlled triggering of the avalanche. However, it does not have to be wired, but both the steering of the transport devices and the ignition could be wireless.
  • FIG. 9 Another variant of the method according to the invention provides for the firing of explosive units 1 by means of a firing device, such as a crossbow 22 (FIG. 9).
  • a firing device such as a crossbow 22 (FIG. 9).
  • a blasting unit 1 that can be used for this purpose is shown, for example, in FIG "provided to reduce the
  • Air resistance can be a coarse mesh grid or the like.
  • Stabilizing wings 8 are formed or attached to the upper end of the support rod 3 ′′.
  • the ignition line 5 serves as a tether line 21, on which the blasting unit 1 can be retrieved in the event of a miss.
  • the starting point B cannot be stationary, but can also be mobile. This can be an advantage in some cases where the marking area A cannot be seen from any point on the ground.
  • the starting point can be a manned helicopter.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Position, Course, Altitude, Or Attitude Of Moving Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

On amene une charge explosive a partir d'un point de depart (B) a l'abri des avalanches vers la region de rupture (A) d'une avalanche au moyen d'un vehicule de transport teleguide, par exemple un helicoptere sous forme de modele reduit. La charge explosive et un element sensible a une distance minimum de la surface de la neige sont reunis dans un bloc explositif de facon que la charge explosive puisse etre positionnee a une hauteur determinee au-dessus de la surface de la neige. Ensuite, on fait exploser la charge a partir du point de depart (B), de preference au moyen d'un cable captif.
PCT/AT1980/000002 1979-01-19 1980-01-17 Procede et dispositif de declenchement controle d'avalanches Ceased WO1980001511A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT392/79 1979-01-19
AT39279 1979-01-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1980001511A1 true WO1980001511A1 (fr) 1980-07-24

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PCT/AT1980/000002 Ceased WO1980001511A1 (fr) 1979-01-19 1980-01-17 Procede et dispositif de declenchement controle d'avalanches

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EP (1) EP0022807A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1980001511A1 (fr)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2600041A1 (fr) * 1986-06-17 1987-12-18 Schippers Jacob Procede et appareil de positionnement automatique d'une charge explosive au-dessus de la surface de la neige.
FR2609331A1 (fr) * 1987-01-07 1988-07-08 Soucaze Soudat Jean Affut reglable lanceur de projectiles avalancheurs
WO1989008234A1 (fr) * 1988-03-03 1989-09-08 Jacob Schippers Procede et dispositif pour declencher une avalanche
FR2628197A1 (fr) * 1988-03-03 1989-09-08 Schippers Jacob Procede et dispositif pour declencher une avalanche
FR2636729A1 (fr) * 1988-09-19 1990-03-23 Schippers Jacob Procede et dispositif pour declencher une avalanche
EP0324723A3 (fr) * 1988-01-12 1990-11-28 Air-Zermatt Ag Procédé pour provoquer des avalanches et dispositif pour mettre en oeuvre ce procédé
EP0690285A1 (fr) * 1994-06-29 1996-01-03 Air Zermatt Méthode et dispositif pour déclencher des avalanches à l'aide de charges explosives
GB2351797A (en) * 1999-07-02 2001-01-10 Delta K Explosive Engineering Explosive device for triggering avalanches
EP1035402A3 (fr) * 1999-03-11 2001-02-28 Monterosa S.p.A. Dispositif et méthode pour déclencher une avalanche de manière artificielle
US6786157B1 (en) 1999-10-01 2004-09-07 Kevin Mark Powell Hollow charge explosive device particularly for avalanche control
AT510860B1 (de) * 2011-07-12 2012-07-15 Rudolf Prach Ibpr Ingenieurbuero Schussvorrichtung mit doppelseilführung
WO2016077848A3 (fr) * 2014-11-11 2016-08-11 Detnet South Africa (Pty) Ltd Véhicule aérien sans pilote
CN109564080A (zh) * 2016-08-07 2019-04-02 布兰登·阿伦斯 用于爆破的装置和方法
WO2020234400A1 (fr) * 2019-05-21 2020-11-26 Höhenarbeit Gmbh Dispositif et procédé de déclenchement par détonation d'avalanches
WO2021233952A1 (fr) * 2020-05-21 2021-11-25 Paour Martin Systeme de declenchement preventif d'une avalanche

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR866484A (fr) * 1939-11-27 1941-08-14 Appareil automoteur à mouvement universel commandé à distance
CH369158A (de) * 1957-03-07 1963-05-15 Alfred Dipl Ing Messerli Verfahren zum Beschuss von Lawinenhängen und Einrichtung zur Ausübung desselben
FR2235347A1 (en) * 1973-06-26 1975-01-24 Alsetex Etudes Exploit Minefield clearance eqpt. - sledges carrying explosive devices dragged behind tank for exploding above ground level
DE2709997A1 (de) * 1977-03-08 1978-09-14 Radkowetz Geb Staudinger Gertr Verfahren zur herstellung einer art lawinenverbauung
CH609450A5 (en) * 1976-11-12 1979-02-28 Erich Friedli Method and device for triggering a snow avalanche

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR866484A (fr) * 1939-11-27 1941-08-14 Appareil automoteur à mouvement universel commandé à distance
CH369158A (de) * 1957-03-07 1963-05-15 Alfred Dipl Ing Messerli Verfahren zum Beschuss von Lawinenhängen und Einrichtung zur Ausübung desselben
FR2235347A1 (en) * 1973-06-26 1975-01-24 Alsetex Etudes Exploit Minefield clearance eqpt. - sledges carrying explosive devices dragged behind tank for exploding above ground level
CH609450A5 (en) * 1976-11-12 1979-02-28 Erich Friedli Method and device for triggering a snow avalanche
DE2709997A1 (de) * 1977-03-08 1978-09-14 Radkowetz Geb Staudinger Gertr Verfahren zur herstellung einer art lawinenverbauung

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2600041A1 (fr) * 1986-06-17 1987-12-18 Schippers Jacob Procede et appareil de positionnement automatique d'une charge explosive au-dessus de la surface de la neige.
US4817529A (en) * 1986-06-17 1989-04-04 Jacob Schippers Process and apparatus for automatically positioning an explosive charge above the surface of snow
FR2609331A1 (fr) * 1987-01-07 1988-07-08 Soucaze Soudat Jean Affut reglable lanceur de projectiles avalancheurs
EP0324723A3 (fr) * 1988-01-12 1990-11-28 Air-Zermatt Ag Procédé pour provoquer des avalanches et dispositif pour mettre en oeuvre ce procédé
WO1989008234A1 (fr) * 1988-03-03 1989-09-08 Jacob Schippers Procede et dispositif pour declencher une avalanche
FR2628197A1 (fr) * 1988-03-03 1989-09-08 Schippers Jacob Procede et dispositif pour declencher une avalanche
US5107765A (en) * 1988-03-03 1992-04-28 Jacob Schippers Process and device for triggering an avalanche
FR2636729A1 (fr) * 1988-09-19 1990-03-23 Schippers Jacob Procede et dispositif pour declencher une avalanche
EP0690285A1 (fr) * 1994-06-29 1996-01-03 Air Zermatt Méthode et dispositif pour déclencher des avalanches à l'aide de charges explosives
EP1035402A3 (fr) * 1999-03-11 2001-02-28 Monterosa S.p.A. Dispositif et méthode pour déclencher une avalanche de manière artificielle
WO2001002797A3 (fr) * 1999-07-02 2002-06-06 Kevin Mark Powell Dispositif explosif et son procede d'utilisation
US6644203B1 (en) 1999-07-02 2003-11-11 Kevin Mark Powell Explosive device and method of using such a device
GB2351797A (en) * 1999-07-02 2001-01-10 Delta K Explosive Engineering Explosive device for triggering avalanches
US6786157B1 (en) 1999-10-01 2004-09-07 Kevin Mark Powell Hollow charge explosive device particularly for avalanche control
AT510860B1 (de) * 2011-07-12 2012-07-15 Rudolf Prach Ibpr Ingenieurbuero Schussvorrichtung mit doppelseilführung
US10359265B2 (en) 2014-11-11 2019-07-23 Detnet South Africa (Pty) Ltd Use of a remotely controlled vehicle in a blasting operation
WO2016077848A3 (fr) * 2014-11-11 2016-08-11 Detnet South Africa (Pty) Ltd Véhicule aérien sans pilote
CN109564080A (zh) * 2016-08-07 2019-04-02 布兰登·阿伦斯 用于爆破的装置和方法
WO2020234400A1 (fr) * 2019-05-21 2020-11-26 Höhenarbeit Gmbh Dispositif et procédé de déclenchement par détonation d'avalanches
US12006038B2 (en) 2019-05-21 2024-06-11 Höhenarbeit Gmbh Device and method for blasting avalanches
US20240294254A1 (en) * 2019-05-21 2024-09-05 Hôhenarbeit GmbH Device and method for blasting avalanches
WO2021233952A1 (fr) * 2020-05-21 2021-11-25 Paour Martin Systeme de declenchement preventif d'une avalanche
FR3110688A1 (fr) * 2020-05-21 2021-11-26 Martin Paour Système de déclenchement préventif d’une avalanche

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0022807A1 (fr) 1981-01-28

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