USRE6397E - Improvement in bakers ovens - Google Patents

Description

lo. McKENzaE. Bakers Uven.

Reissued-Aprirl20,1875.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE@ Buscar MeKENZiE, or nnooKi/.Yfjxnw roii'i..

` IMPROVEMENT IN BAKERS ovens;

`Speciication forming part of Letters Patent No. 28,130, vdated iMay 1;, 1860; reissneNoi dated i9, 1870 extended seven years; reissue 6.397, dated April 20, 1875 application tiledfApi-i'l 5,1575.'

accompanying drawing, which forms a part ot this speciiication, and in which-` urFigure l represents a transverse vertical section ot' an oven embodying my said invention, the section being .taken on the plane of the line m x, Fig. 2; and Fig. 2 yis a vertical longitudinal section, taken through the oven in the plane indicated by the line x in Fig. l.

This invention consists, first, in the conibination, iii an oven for baking bread and other .substaiices,ot` the following elements: a furnace or tire-place, (one or inore,) a baliiiigchani ber arranged above such furnace or tire-place, and in direct communication therewith, and a rotating reel located within said baking-chainber, and provided with gravitating pans or shelves, arranged or hung around the shaft ot' said rcel from rods attached to the end plates or arms thereof, whereby I produce a continuously-bakin g oven, in which the bread or other substances are subjected to the direct action ofthe gaseous product-s ot' combustion ascending from the lower portion or bottom of the oven; second, in an arrangement of lines or openiii gs communicating from the lire-place or tire-places with the baking-chamber directly' through the tloor ot the latter 5 third, in certain combinations and arrangements ot'I exitues, as will be hereinafter described, for securing a proper circulation of the gaseous products of combustion through the. oven or baking-cliamber, both when baking' and when lighting' the iii-e. The oven represented has two fireplaces, but the number is immaterial to the invention.

A A. are lire-places, which are illustrated as being formed in brick-work C, with their grates B and ash-pits extending back a suitable distance from the front, as represented in dotted lines in Fi g. 2, and with a coal-receptacle, H, between them. From the back of each fireplace a bed, E, of brick-work is built up, extending to the rear Wall of the oven, and forinand the spaces over the beds l. and coininiinicate directly, through theitloor C U,u\\ith the vinterior of the oven G, which. is arranged above the masonry, tlieieby-establishing direct communication between tlie-iji'e-place and ybaking-chaniber. These shortvtlues are kthe only means ot' escape forthe lgaseous products ol' combustion from the tire-places,l and also ot' the' heat from the furnace, except` what :little will be absorbed and given out by radiationV from the brick-Worknbovethe arch in the oven,t 1 iid theylthe rines) aresui'liciently hiivmerousV to allow ot' the-free and rapid pajissage ot' the gaseous products ot' combustion .troni .the tire-places directly into the oven, and .their .diffusion through the oven.

Between the two furnaces, and extending fronrthe lfront to the rear of the oven, directly under `the iioor thereof, is a horizontal flue, I, which communicates with a vertical ilue, I, extending up in rear ot theoven, as shown by Fig. 2, and forming or leading Ito the chimney. 'lhe horizontal iiue I coniiiiunicates with the Oven through holes in its front and rear, which are closed by valves K IQ Fig. 2, which valves can be operated from the front of the oven by means ot' damper-rods c c. This iiue I is the exit-tine; by which the gaseous products ot' combustion escape from the oven through the openings of the valves K K. '.Lhe rear endet the ilue I, which communicates with the liuc Il, is enlarged into a chamber,- and bent downward, somewliatin the form of an inverted cone. The point of communication with the line ll is at the lower part of this chaniber.

: By this enlargement and downward projection ot' ilue I the draft ot' line I1 acts equally upon the contents of flue vI, drawing ot't the saine more evenly and freely than it' thc line l were continued horizontally out, and opened directly into ue Il.

If the flue I were extended horizontally, as stated, the draft through the damper-opening at the back end of the line I would bc greater than-the corresponding opening at theoppnsi te end, but, by the enlargement and anwaiul nextension ofthe rear end ot'thene I, the draft through both damper-openings K is rendered uniform, and the baking operation thus improved, and fuel saved.V

In the center of the top of the oven is a valvular opening', L, which communicates with the main lflue 11 by a horizontal liuc, I2, as clearl1 represented by the drawings. In the oven G are arranged a suitable number of gravitating pans or shelves, N, whichare hung from a reelcomposed of rods N, extending across between two circular revolving plates, 1i It, which are turned by a shaft, S, having its bearing in'ea'ch side of the oven. The pans containing the bread or other substances are placed on these Swinging shelvesi'N, and this rcel, with its gravitating pans or shelves, is caused to revolve by turning the shaft S. The bread on all the shelves is thus made to`re ceive a uniform heat. The bread-pans' are placed in, and removed from, the oven through door l), Fig. 2. I

NVhen the re's are built up in thefurnaces,

and the dampers in the top ot' the oven opened,

a direct Vascending draft will take place, and

1 the smoke and gases of combustion will all es. v cape through the flue i12; but when the ires are well lighted this damperishould be closed, and either or both of the dampers K K in the lower central and horizontal flue I may be opened, or partially opened, when a downward draft will take place, and the heated air and 'gaseous products,"which enter the oven or bak ing-chamber directly from the lire-places, will rise to the to'p ofthe oven on the sides, and then descend in the center of the oven to the central duel", and escape thence up the main flue I. The-heatedair and gases will thus be made to circulate and rotate in the oven, and

dit'use their heat through the entire oven ina l uniform and rapid manner.

That Ifclaim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

`1. The combination ofthe following elements, to wit: a furnace or fireplace, (one or more a baking-chamber arranged above such furnaceor fireplace, and in direct communication therewith, and a rotating .rcel located within said baking-chamber, and providedwith gravitating pans'or shelves, arranged or hung around the shaft of said reel from rods attached to the end plates or arms thereof, substantially as and for .the purpose described.

2. A system oftlues commuilicating between the fire-placesand the interior of thc oven di rcctly through the door or bottom of the lat# ter, substantially las herein described.

3. The combination of the tlues D, escapes K K, and nue l inwthe lower part or door of fthe oven C', for the purpose herein shown and described. y f f 4. The tine I, havingits rear end constructed with an enlargement'and downward extension, in combination with the tiue Il, .substantially as set forth.

5. The combination, with the-oven G, of the u ues 12 I1 I D and the dampers .K K and' L.A as and for the purpose herein shown and de scribed.

l DUNCAN' MGKENZIE. Witnesses:

T. J. KEANE, A. J. DEVLAcY.

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