US3928030A - Cobalt-tungsten high temperature eutectic alloy - Google Patents
Cobalt-tungsten high temperature eutectic alloy Download PDFInfo
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- US3928030A US3928030A US163290A US16329071A US3928030A US 3928030 A US3928030 A US 3928030A US 163290 A US163290 A US 163290A US 16329071 A US16329071 A US 16329071A US 3928030 A US3928030 A US 3928030A
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- Prior art keywords
- cobalt
- tungsten
- alloy
- phase
- high temperature
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- JPNWDVUTVSTKMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt tungsten Chemical compound [Co].[W] JPNWDVUTVSTKMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000006023 eutectic alloy Substances 0.000 title claims description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001080 W alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910020515 Co—W Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004901 spalling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002514 Co–Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101000835541 Homo sapiens Target of Nesh-SH3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150073296 SELL gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100026544 Target of Nesh-SH3 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002056 binary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B27/00—Single-crystal growth under a protective fluid
- C30B27/02—Single-crystal growth under a protective fluid by pulling from a melt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/07—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on cobalt
Definitions
- ABSTRACT A directionally solidified alloy body having a matrix consisting essentially of a metallic solid solution of cobalt containing therein a cobalt-tungsten intermetallic compound as a reinforcing phase.
- the high temperature (1800F) ultimate tensile strength of the body is in excess of 90 KS1, with about 7% elongation.
- a principle object of the present invention is to provide a cobalt-tungsten alloy article prepared by directional solidification, which in addition to adequate ductility has high tensile strength at room temperature and when subjected to elevated temperatures.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a cobalt-tungsten alloy which will contain in excess of by volume of an intermetallic compound which imparts to the alloy good tensile properties while maintaining adequate oxidation resistance.
- FIG. 1 is a chart plotting ultimate tensile strength in KSI vs. temperature in F, comparing a preferred alloy of the present invention with a known nickel-base supperalloy, Ren 80;
- FIG. 2 is a photomicrograph (l50 illustrating a longitudinal section of a cobalt-tungsten alloy body according to the invention directionally solidified at a rate of 1 inch per hour;
- FIG. 3 is a photomicrograph (l50X) showing a transverse section through the alloy body of FIG. 2.
- Table I lists the ultimate tensile strength and elongation of a cobalt-tungsten alloy according to the invention directionally solidified at different rates, as compared to the corresponding as-cast alloy at room temperature.
- the microstructure of the directionally solidified ingots of the nominal alloy containing, by weight, 55% cobalt and 45% tungsten forms two phases.
- the matrix or primary phase is cobalt solid solution containing tungsten in solution therein.
- the second phase which is the reinforcing phase, appears as a broken lamellar array.
- This reinforcing phase is an intermetallic compound corresponding approximately to Co W
- the cobalt and tungsten constituents need not be present in exactly stoichiometric proportions in the intermetallic compound, and may contain, at equilibrium, an excess or a deficiency of cobalt, the other phase which makes up the eutectic.
- the reinforcing phase of the cobalt-tungsten intermetallic compound forms a volume fraction of from 20 to 25% in the matrix.
- EXAMPLE I As a preferred example, a nominal composition consisting of 55 wt. cobalt and 45 wt. tungsten was melted and cast into an ingot. This ingot was remelted and directionally solidified in a Bridgman apparatus at a rate of /z inch/hour in a temperature gradient of about l0OC/cm.
- EXAMPLE II A composition similar to that of Example I was directionally solidified at l inch/hour in the same apparatus.
- the resulting cobalt-base alloy may contain, in solid solution in each of the two phases of the Co-Co,W, eutectic, at least one of the elements: chromium, nickel, aluminum, molybdenum, iron, titanium and yttrium as solutes up to the limit of solid solubility of the respective element in the respective phase of the eutectic in which said element is least soluble.
- Oxidation resistance of a 55 w/o cobalt-45 w/o tungsten eutectic alloy directionally solidified at /2 inch/- hour was determined by heating a specimen at l 100C for 15 hours, together with a specimen of a known nickel-base superalloy Rene for comparison purposes. The results showed that the nickel-base alloy exhibited gross spalling upon cooling. The resulting oxide film on the cobalt-tungsten specimen was dense and adherent, and no spalling occurred on cooling.
- a directionally solidified cast alloy body consisting essentially in weight percent of 5357% of cobalt and 43-47% of tungsten, said body having a reinforcing phase of an intermetallic compound having the approximate chemical composition Co W dispersed in a matrix phase of a cobalt-tungsten solid solution.
- said cobalt-tungsten intermetallic compound comprising form 20 to 25 volume 7: of said matrix.
- the body according to claim 1 further containing in solid solution in each of the two phases of the binary eutectic alloy, an addition of at least one element selected from the group consisting of chromium, nickel, aluminum, molybdenum, iron, yttrium and titanium, said addition being present in an amount not to exceed the limit of solid solubility of said -one element in the phase of said eutectic in which said one element is least soluble.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
A directionally solidified alloy body having a matrix consisting essentially of a metallic solid solution of cobalt containing therein a cobalt-tungsten intermetallic compound as a reinforcing phase. The high temperature (1800*F) ultimate tensile strength of the body is in excess of 90 KSI, with about 7% elongation.
Description
United States Patent Buchanan et a1.
[ COBALT-TUNGSTEN HIGH TEMPERATURE EUTECTIC ALLOY [75] Inventors: Edward R. Buchanan, Burnt Hills;
Lemuel A. Tarshis, Latham, both of NY.
[73] Assignee: General Electric Company,
Schenectady, NY.
[22] Filed: July 16, 1971 [21] Appl. No.: 163,290
52 U5. C1 .L 75/170; 75/135 [51] Int. Cl. C22C 19/07 [58] Field of Search: 75/170, 135
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,124,452 3/1964 Kraft 75/135 Dec. 23, 1975 3,271,140 9/1966 Freche et a1 75/170 3,434,827 3/1969 Lemkey 75/135 X 3,434,892 3/1969 Heimke 148/1.6 X 3,564,940 2/1971 Thompson et al. 75/135 X OTHER PUBLICATIONS Elliott, R. P., Constitution of Binary Alloys McGraw-l-lill Book Co., 1965, p. 342.
Primary ExaminerA1len B. Curtis Attorney, Agent, or FirmF. Wesley Turner; Joseph T. Cohen; Jerome C. Squillaro [57] ABSTRACT A directionally solidified alloy body having a matrix consisting essentially of a metallic solid solution of cobalt containing therein a cobalt-tungsten intermetallic compound as a reinforcing phase. The high temperature (1800F) ultimate tensile strength of the body is in excess of 90 KS1, with about 7% elongation.
4 Claims, 3 Drawing Figures U.S. Patent Dec. 23, 1975 Sheet 1 of2 3,928,030
FIG. 2
EDWARD BUCHANAN LEMUEL A. TARSH/S THE/f? ATTORNEY U.S. Patent Dec. 23, 1975 Sheet 2 of2 3,928,030
DIRECTIONALLY SOL. hr.) II I! lnhr.) 0 A5 0437 I40- a 3 CAST R80 E E EIOO- 0 I 5', E k so E E 60 S 0 200 J\/ I000 I200 I400 I600 I800 2000 TEMPERATURE (7-7 //V VE/V TOPS.
EDWARD R. BUCHANAN LEMUEL A. TARSH/S THE If? ATTORNEY COBALT-TUNGSTEN HIGH TEMPERATURE EUTECTIC ALLOY alloys have utility in gas turbine engine components subject to high temperatures of about l800F under highly corrosive conditions. I
A principle object of the present invention is to provide a cobalt-tungsten alloy article prepared by directional solidification, which in addition to adequate ductility has high tensile strength at room temperature and when subjected to elevated temperatures.
Another object of the invention is to provide a cobalt-tungsten alloy which will contain in excess of by volume of an intermetallic compound which imparts to the alloy good tensile properties while maintaining adequate oxidation resistance.
These and other objects and advantages of the invention will be more fully recognized and appreciated from the following detailed description including the drawings and representative examples which are typical of the present invention.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a chart plotting ultimate tensile strength in KSI vs. temperature in F, comparing a preferred alloy of the present invention with a known nickel-base supperalloy, Ren 80; FIG. 2 is a photomicrograph (l50 illustrating a longitudinal section of a cobalt-tungsten alloy body according to the invention directionally solidified at a rate of 1 inch per hour; and
FIG. 3 is a photomicrograph (l50X) showing a transverse section through the alloy body of FIG. 2.
Table I below lists the ultimate tensile strength and elongation of a cobalt-tungsten alloy according to the invention directionally solidified at different rates, as compared to the corresponding as-cast alloy at room temperature.
TABLE I Ultimate Temperature Tensile Strength ElongationWr F) (KSI) CoW 75 102.7 l.() as cast Co-W 75 204 L6 Directionally solidified (W'lhour) I800 92 7.8 Co-W 75 I87 1.0 Directionally increase in elongation over the as-cast condition, as well as a substantial increase in ultimate tensile strength.
As may be seen in the photomicrographs of FIGS. 2 and 3, the microstructure of the directionally solidified ingots of the nominal alloy containing, by weight, 55% cobalt and 45% tungsten, forms two phases. The matrix or primary phase is cobalt solid solution containing tungsten in solution therein. The second phase, which is the reinforcing phase, appears as a broken lamellar array. This reinforcing phase is an intermetallic compound corresponding approximately to Co W As is true in general for eutetic alloys, the cobalt and tungsten constituents need not be present in exactly stoichiometric proportions in the intermetallic compound, and may contain, at equilibrium, an excess or a deficiency of cobalt, the other phase which makes up the eutectic.
The reinforcing phase of the cobalt-tungsten intermetallic compound forms a volume fraction of from 20 to 25% in the matrix.
EXAMPLE I As a preferred example, a nominal composition consisting of 55 wt. cobalt and 45 wt. tungsten was melted and cast into an ingot. This ingot was remelted and directionally solidified in a Bridgman apparatus at a rate of /z inch/hour in a temperature gradient of about l0OC/cm.
EXAMPLE II A composition similar to that of Example I was directionally solidified at l inch/hour in the same apparatus.
The physical properties of the two examples are shown in Table I above.
To the simple binary eutectic of cobalt and tungsten one may also add other elements which will go into solid solution into each of the two phases of the eutectic, namely into the intermetallic compound phase and into the cobalt solid solution phase. The resulting cobalt-base alloy may contain, in solid solution in each of the two phases of the Co-Co,W, eutectic, at least one of the elements: chromium, nickel, aluminum, molybdenum, iron, titanium and yttrium as solutes up to the limit of solid solubility of the respective element in the respective phase of the eutectic in which said element is least soluble.
EXAMPLE III Oxidation resistance of a 55 w/o cobalt-45 w/o tungsten eutectic alloy directionally solidified at /2 inch/- hour was determined by heating a specimen at l 100C for 15 hours, together with a specimen of a known nickel-base superalloy Rene for comparison purposes. The results showed that the nickel-base alloy exhibited gross spalling upon cooling. The resulting oxide film on the cobalt-tungsten specimen was dense and adherent, and no spalling occurred on cooling.
It will be obvious to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing disclosure that many modifications and alterations in the specific compositions and microstructures disclosed non-limiting examples may be made within the general context of the invention, and that numerous modifications, alterations and additions may be made thereto within the true spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.
What we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the U5. is:
l. A directionally solidified cast alloy body consisting essentially in weight percent of 5357% of cobalt and 43-47% of tungsten, said body having a reinforcing phase of an intermetallic compound having the approximate chemical composition Co W dispersed in a matrix phase of a cobalt-tungsten solid solution.
2. The body according to claim 1, said cobalt-tungsten intermetallic compound comprising form 20 to 25 volume 7: of said matrix.
3. The body according to claim 1, said cast body comprising a binary eutectic alloy of cobalt and tungsten containing, by weight, about 55.0% cobalt and about 45% tungsten. said body being characterized by its high temperature oxidation resistance and having an ultimate tensile strength at l800F. in excess of KSl.
4. The body according to claim 1, further containing in solid solution in each of the two phases of the binary eutectic alloy, an addition of at least one element selected from the group consisting of chromium, nickel, aluminum, molybdenum, iron, yttrium and titanium, said addition being present in an amount not to exceed the limit of solid solubility of said -one element in the phase of said eutectic in which said one element is least soluble.
Claims (4)
1. A DIRECTIONALLY SOLIDIFIED CAST ALLOY BODY CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY IN WEIGHT PERCENT OF 53-57% OF COBALT AND 43-47% OF TUNGSTEN, SAID BODY HAVING A REINFORCING PHASE OF AN INTERMETALLIC COMPOUND HAVING THE APPROXIMATE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION CO7W6 DISPERSED IN A MATRIX PHASE OF A COBALT-TUNGSTEN SOLID SOLUTION.
2. The body according to claim 1, said cobalt-tungsten intermetallic compound comprising form 20 to 25 volume % of said matrix.
3. The body according to claim 1, said cast body comprising a binary eutectic alloy of cobalt and tungsten containiNg, by weight, about 55.0% cobalt and about 45% tungsten, said body being characterized by its high temperature oxidation resistance and having an ultimate tensile strength at 1800*F. in excess of 90 KSI.
4. The body according to claim 1, further containing in solid solution in each of the two phases of the binary eutectic alloy, an addition of at least one element selected from the group consisting of chromium, nickel, aluminum, molybdenum, iron, yttrium and titanium, said addition being present in an amount not to exceed the limit of solid solubility of said one element in the phase of said eutectic in which said one element is least soluble.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US163290A US3928030A (en) | 1971-07-16 | 1971-07-16 | Cobalt-tungsten high temperature eutectic alloy |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US163290A US3928030A (en) | 1971-07-16 | 1971-07-16 | Cobalt-tungsten high temperature eutectic alloy |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3928030A true US3928030A (en) | 1975-12-23 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US163290A Expired - Lifetime US3928030A (en) | 1971-07-16 | 1971-07-16 | Cobalt-tungsten high temperature eutectic alloy |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3928030A (en) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3124452A (en) * | 1964-03-10 | figure | ||
| US3180012A (en) * | 1963-07-12 | 1965-04-27 | Du Pont | Cobalt alloys |
| US3271140A (en) * | 1964-03-26 | 1966-09-06 | John C Freche | High temperature cobalt-base alloy |
| US3434892A (en) * | 1964-11-05 | 1969-03-25 | Magnetfab Bonn Gmbh | Directionally solidified permanent magnet alloys with aligned ferro-magnetic whiskers |
| US3434827A (en) * | 1965-07-16 | 1969-03-25 | United Aircraft Corp | Anisotropic monotectic alloys and process for making the same |
| US3564940A (en) * | 1968-06-05 | 1971-02-23 | United Aircraft Corp | Anisotropic polyphase structure of monovariant eutectic composition |
-
1971
- 1971-07-16 US US163290A patent/US3928030A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3124452A (en) * | 1964-03-10 | figure | ||
| US3180012A (en) * | 1963-07-12 | 1965-04-27 | Du Pont | Cobalt alloys |
| US3271140A (en) * | 1964-03-26 | 1966-09-06 | John C Freche | High temperature cobalt-base alloy |
| US3434892A (en) * | 1964-11-05 | 1969-03-25 | Magnetfab Bonn Gmbh | Directionally solidified permanent magnet alloys with aligned ferro-magnetic whiskers |
| US3434827A (en) * | 1965-07-16 | 1969-03-25 | United Aircraft Corp | Anisotropic monotectic alloys and process for making the same |
| US3564940A (en) * | 1968-06-05 | 1971-02-23 | United Aircraft Corp | Anisotropic polyphase structure of monovariant eutectic composition |
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