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US3883321A - Device for gasification of solid fuels - Google Patents

Device for gasification of solid fuels Download PDF

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Publication number
US3883321A
US3883321A US407255A US40725573A US3883321A US 3883321 A US3883321 A US 3883321A US 407255 A US407255 A US 407255A US 40725573 A US40725573 A US 40725573A US 3883321 A US3883321 A US 3883321A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
chamber
bottom chamber
slag
tubular member
tubular
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US407255A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Wilhelm Haverkamp
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Heinrich Koppers GmbH
Original Assignee
Heinrich Koppers GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Heinrich Koppers GmbH filed Critical Heinrich Koppers GmbH
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3883321A publication Critical patent/US3883321A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/52Ash-removing devices
    • C10J3/526Ash-removing devices for entrained flow gasifiers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C17/00Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
    • B02C17/16Mills in which a fixed container houses stirring means tumbling the charge
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/485Entrained flow gasifiers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72Other features
    • C10J3/74Construction of shells or jackets
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093Coal
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0956Air or oxygen enriched air
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959Oxygen
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0973Water
    • C10J2300/0976Water as steam
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1625Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with solids treatment
    • C10J2300/1628Ash post-treatment

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A vessel into which a solid fuel and an oxidant are in troduced to be gasified therein and from which gasified fuel is discharged, has a bottom portion including a conical chamber communicating with a tubular port. A body ofliquid medium is accommodated in the conical chamber and slag produced during the gasification is being entrapped therein.
  • a tubular member has two tubular portions, one of which is accommodated in the tubular port and the other one of which is inclined with respect to the first-mentioned portion, extends into the chamber and is provided with openings connecting the interior of the tubular member with the chamber.
  • the tubular member is driven to rotate about the axis of the port so that the secondmentioned portion cooperates with the interior surface of the chamber to comminute the slag lumps contained in the chamber.
  • a grinding insert is rigidly attached to the port and projects into the chamber so as to enhance the comminuting process,
  • a wear insert is removably attached to the interior wall of the chamber, and the edges of the openings are configurated as crushing portions, so that the comminuting process is further enhanced.
  • the present invention relates to an arrangement for comminuting slag lumps or similar bodies.
  • Such an ar rangeincnt is particularly suitable for use in a device for gasifying solid fuels in a gasifying vessel into which solids to be gasilied are introduced together with an oxidantt and from which gasified fuel is discharged, the solidifiable byproducts of the gasification process being entrapped in a body of liquid medium contained in the vessel to be discharged therefrom.
  • the arrangement is particularly suitable for use in connection with gasifying vessels working at supcratmosphcric pressures.
  • one feature of the invention resides in providing the gasifying vessel with a bottom portion converging toward the discharge opening which is coiifiguratcd as a tubular port.
  • IIl is accommodated in the converging bottom portion, and a tubular member having two pot tioiis which are inclined will! respect to one another is 'sIlltHlttl iii the legion of the bottom portion so that one of the portions of the tubular member is coaxially ac toininotlatctl in the tubular port and the other one of till the tubular portions projects into the vessel.
  • the firstmcntioned portion of the tubular member is connected to drive means rotating the tubular member about the axis of the tubular port. and the second-mentioned portion of the tubular member is provided with a plurality of apertures connecting the interior of the tubular rmember with the interior of the vessel.
  • the apertures are slots extending axially of the second-mentioned portion. and the axially extending edges of the slots maybe configurated as crushing portions.
  • FIG. I is a partially sectioned side elevational view of the gasifying device with the associated slag discharge and conveyance arrangements
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the bottom portion of the vessel of the gasifying device showing the arrangement according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken on line III-Ill of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. I ofthe drawing illustrates a device for gasil'ication of solid fuels.
  • a gasification vessel I and a burner 2 situated at the inlet end k in the draw ing the upper end i of the vessel I.
  • the solid fuel to be such as coal dust or similar particulate substances.
  • the oxidizer such as pure oxygen or air which may be enriched with oxygen and which also may contain water vapor or steam. are delivered to the burner 2 through the conduits 3 and 4.
  • the solid fuel which has been gasil'ied in the interior of the vessel I leaves the same through the discharge conduit 5.
  • a comminuting arrange ment is provided in the vicinity of the slag discharge conduit 8, which arrangement will be described in greater detail later. and which reduces the size of the oversized lumps by disintegrating the same. and the thus comminuted slag is then discharged from the ⁇ esse] 1 through the slag discharge conduit 8. After passing through the conduit 8, the slag enters a lock container 9 which is indispensable if the pressure in the vessel 1 is superatmospheric and is forwarded from the latter to a discharge conveyor 10 or a similar slagremoving unit.
  • the slag discharge procedure will be discussed.
  • the lock container 9 is provided which will always be the case if the pressure inside the vessel 1 dif fers from the pressure outside the same. then the discharge of the slag from the bottom portion 7 is con' ducted on a substantially continuous basis. in order to achieve this.
  • a valve 11 is provided downstream of the lock container 9 and a valve 12 is provided upstream of the same.
  • the valve 12 is open most of the time. except for brief periods of time during which the valve 11 is open. Namely. while the valve 12 is open and the valve 11 closed. the pressure inside the lock container approximates that inside the vessel and. since the valve 12 is open.
  • the slag particles are permitted to enter the interior of the loci: container 9 and to accumulate therein. After a certain period of time. corresponding to a certain amount of slag particles being accumulated in the lock container 9. the valve 12 is closed and the valve 11 opened. resulting in a drop of the pressure inside the lock container 9 to the ambient pressure. and in attendant discharge of the contents of the lock container 9 through the valve 1]. Once the lock container 9 is empty. the valve 11 is closed and valve 12 opened. so that the slag particles are again allowed to enter the lock container 9. However. it is also conceivable that the operation of the discharge assembly 9. l]. 12 could be intermittent if so desired. If such were the case.
  • valve 12 would be closed for most of the time so that the slag particles would accumulate in the bottom portion 7 upstream of the valve 12.
  • the valve 12 is opened while the valve 11 is closed. and the afore-described process ensues with one exception. namely that the valve 12 remains closed until a sufficient amount of slag is accumulated in the bottom portion 7.
  • the bottom portion 7 of the vessel 1 comprises a circumferential wall 15 which defines a chamber 14 conically com erging in the direction toward the slag discharge conduit 8 (compare FIG. 11.
  • the comminuting assembly includes a tubular member 13 which has a first tubular portion 13a extending into the chamber 14 and a second tubular portion 13b which is coaxial with the chamber 14.
  • the first portion 13a is inclined with respect to the second portion 13b of the tubular member 13 so that it encloses a first acute angle with the axis of the chamber 14. while the generatrices of the conical surface surrounding the chamber 14 enclose a second acute angle with the same axis.
  • the inner surface of the cir cumferential wall 15 is provided with a removable lining or wear insert 16.
  • the portion 13a orbits about the axis of the chamber 14 in a circular path. and two positions of the portion 13a in this path are illustrated in FIG. 2 in full and dash-dotted lines. namely the positions lying in the plane of vertical section of the bottom portion 7 of the vessel 1. It is evident that if any oversize lump of slag enters or is caused to enter between the rotating portion 131: and the wear insert 16.
  • the cooperation of the portion 130 and the insert 16 disintegrates the slag. This process is further enhanced if a grinding insert 17 is located in the vicinity of the lower end of the chamber 14. ln that event. the grinding insert 17 cooperates with the portion 13a and the wear insert 16 in comminuting the slag lumps.
  • the tubular circumferential wall of the portion 13a could be uninterrupted. It is currently preferred. in accordance with a further embodiment of the invention. to provide at least one slot 18 extending axially of the tubular portion 1321 through the circumferential wall thereof thus establishing communication between the interior of the tubular element 13 and the chamber 14. the width of the slot 18 corre sponding to the size of the slag particles which can safely proceed toward the slag discharge conduit 8. Adantageously the axially extending edges of the slot 18 are configurated as crushing portions 19. If such crushing portions are provided. the effectiveness of the comminuting process is further improved.
  • a worm wheel 20 is rigidly attached to the portion 13b of the tubular member 13 so as to share its rotational movement about the axis of the chamber 14.
  • a worm gear 21 is mounted on a drive shaft 22 (see FIG. 3 l which passes through a water-tight packing 23.
  • a reversible drive motor 24 whose direction of rotation may be reversed if the tubular member 13 becomes jammed is connected to the drive shaft 22 via an overload clutch 25 of conventional design. While this dri ⁇ e means is particularly suitable for use in the device of the above kind. it is by no means critical for the invention. and it is to be understood that any other conventional drive means could be used instead.
  • the bottom portion 7 and the slag discharge conduit are interconnected by means of a port. which ha been in general assigned a mnneral 29.
  • 'l'he port 1 is substantially tubular and preferably coaxial with both the chamber l-lot'lhe bottom portion 7 ol' the vessel l and the slag discharge conduit 8.
  • lhc portion Uholthe tubular member is aceonunodated within this port 2). as are the worm gears and II, and at least a portion of the grinding insert [7.
  • the portion [3b is supported by self-aligning bearings 26. or. alternately, journal or similar bearings.
  • the bearings 26 are themselves resiliently mounted in the port 29 by means of rubber, spring or similar resilient elements 27. The purpose of these resilient elements 27 is to resiliently counteract the jolting forces generated during the comminuting process.
  • the arrangement according to the invention is particularly useful if utilized in connection with a solid fuel gasifying device, and it has been disclosed in this connection.
  • this comminuting arrangement is not limited to this particular area. It is to be understood that the afore-described comminuting arrangement may also be used in devices of different kinds in which relatively bulky particles are being formed in or are being deposited by a fluid medium.
  • One of the possible applications of this device would be in the field of air or water pollution, particularly if the contaminants have a tendency to form relatively bulky lumps or conglomerates.
  • a combination comprising an upright vessel including an upper portion having an inlet for admission of solid fuel to be gasified and of an oxidant, a burner in said inlet, an outlet for discharging gasificd fuel, and a bottom portion below said upper portion and having an interior surface circumferentially forming a downwardly conically converging bottom chambcr having an axis and containing a liquid medium for entrapping slag formed in said upper portion during the gasification of the solid fuel; a tubular port downwardly of and coaxially merging with said bottom chamber and communicating therewith; comminuting means including a tubular member having a first portion accommodated in and coaxial with said tubular port, and a second portion inclined with respect to said first portion and situated in said bottom chamber proximate to said interior surface thereof and defining therewith a comminuting gap, said second portion being provided with at least one aperture connecting the interior of said tubular member with said bottom chamber for discharging
  • said at least one aperture is an elongated slot extending axially of said second tubular portion.
  • said second portion further comprises a plurality of crush ing portions extending radially outwardly of said second tubular portion.
  • tubular member further comprising a plurality of aperture means extending axially of said second portion of said tubular member and connecting thc intcriur (if said tuhular member with the interior of said l'mtlum chumbcr and a pluruiity (if crushing portions extending rudially outwardly. of said second purtiunv 9.
  • thc intcriur if said tuhular member with the interior of said l'mtlum chumbcr and a pluruiity (if crushing portions extending rudially outwardly. of said second purtiunv.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
US407255A 1972-11-14 1973-10-17 Device for gasification of solid fuels Expired - Lifetime US3883321A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2255694A DE2255694C3 (de) 1972-11-14 1972-11-14 Einrichtung zum Zerkleinern größerer Schlackenstücke, die bei der Vergasung von festen Brennstoffen anfallen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3883321A true US3883321A (en) 1975-05-13

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US407255A Expired - Lifetime US3883321A (en) 1972-11-14 1973-10-17 Device for gasification of solid fuels

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US3883321A (de)
DE (1) DE2255694C3 (de)
ZA (1) ZA737587B (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4440352A (en) * 1979-07-14 1984-04-03 Osnabrucker Metallwerke J. Kampschulte Gmbh & Co. Kg Machine for the comminuting of bulk material
US4520737A (en) * 1983-03-16 1985-06-04 Shell Oil Company Process and reactor for the combustion of carbon-containing fuel
US6311629B1 (en) * 1997-08-13 2001-11-06 Linde-Kca-Dresden-Gmbh Process and device for gasification of waste

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2399884A (en) * 1942-04-16 1946-05-07 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Apparatus for removing slag from furnaces
US3018174A (en) * 1958-07-21 1962-01-23 Babcock & Wilcox Co High pressure pulverized coal gasifier
US3145936A (en) * 1961-05-29 1964-08-25 Ed Jones Corp Pulping apparatus
US3738583A (en) * 1971-02-22 1973-06-12 A Berland Apparatus for mixing, blending, liquifying or chopping

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2399884A (en) * 1942-04-16 1946-05-07 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Apparatus for removing slag from furnaces
US3018174A (en) * 1958-07-21 1962-01-23 Babcock & Wilcox Co High pressure pulverized coal gasifier
US3145936A (en) * 1961-05-29 1964-08-25 Ed Jones Corp Pulping apparatus
US3738583A (en) * 1971-02-22 1973-06-12 A Berland Apparatus for mixing, blending, liquifying or chopping

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4440352A (en) * 1979-07-14 1984-04-03 Osnabrucker Metallwerke J. Kampschulte Gmbh & Co. Kg Machine for the comminuting of bulk material
US4520737A (en) * 1983-03-16 1985-06-04 Shell Oil Company Process and reactor for the combustion of carbon-containing fuel
US6311629B1 (en) * 1997-08-13 2001-11-06 Linde-Kca-Dresden-Gmbh Process and device for gasification of waste

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2255694B2 (de) 1980-11-27
DE2255694A1 (de) 1974-05-16
ZA737587B (en) 1974-08-28
DE2255694C3 (de) 1981-07-23

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