US3651380A - Gas discharge over voltage arrester filled with a noble gas - Google Patents
Gas discharge over voltage arrester filled with a noble gas Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3651380A US3651380A US120638A US3651380DA US3651380A US 3651380 A US3651380 A US 3651380A US 120638 A US120638 A US 120638A US 3651380D A US3651380D A US 3651380DA US 3651380 A US3651380 A US 3651380A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- diameter
- hollow
- voltage arrester
- cylindrical
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052756 noble gas Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 5
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000527994 Cyclotella gamma Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phencyclidine Chemical compound C1CCCCN1C1(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCCC1 JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
- H01T1/14—Means structurally associated with spark gap for protecting it against overload or for disconnecting it in case of failure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J17/00—Gas-filled discharge tubes with solid cathode
- H01J17/02—Details
- H01J17/04—Electrodes; Screens
- H01J17/06—Cathodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J17/00—Gas-filled discharge tubes with solid cathode
- H01J17/02—Details
- H01J17/16—Vessels; Containers
Definitions
- the over voltage arrester is to be able to lead off or drain atmospheric discharge of high current strength, i.e., bolts of lightning;
- the cylindrical electrode consist of a first electrically conductive material (z) and has a diameter dimensioned in accordance with the expression DZ [0.625 ln 1+a,AT.
- the coaxially disposed hollow electrode consist of a second electrically conductive material (k) with an inner diameter D at most 2d, equal to 2 mm., greater than the diameter D, of the cylindrical electrode, and an outside diameter D which is at most 15 mm. and dimensioned in accordance with the expression insulating body due to thermal effects.
- k second electrically conductive material
- Q is a quotient of two products formed by, on the one hand, the temperature coefficients a( l/ C.) of the electrical resistance and the specific electrical resistance Gem.) of the particular electrode material and, on the other hand, by the mean specific heat c (Wsec./g. C.) and the specific weight 'y(g./cm.") of the particular electrode material, AT is the temperature difference between the operating temperature of a material and its melting temperature, l(A) is the maximum current, and t(s) is the mean time duration of the current flow.
- the cylindrical electrode and the hollow electrode would ordinarily be made of the same material.
- D (D,+2d) D the rule for dimensioning the hollow electrode with respect to the diameter D of the cylindrical electrode is simplified and expressed by the relation D (D,+2d) D If one proceeds assuming iron as a particularly advantageous electrode material and assumes that the maximum current strength of the most severe flashes of lightning does not exceed ka. and that the mean duration of this lightning does not exceed l0" seconds, the diameter of the cylindrical electrode according to this invention amounts to at least 3 mm.
- the metal parts of the vacuum-tight housing of a gas filled voltage arrester include wall portions which are thinner in the transition zone from each electrode to the intermediate annular insulating body than the wall thickness at other zones of the housing.
- This constructional feature provides between the electrodes, on the one hand, and the insulating body, on the other hand, a heat-conduction brake, which prevents the immediate transfer of heat to the insulating body upon the generation of heat at the electrodes during operation of the gas discharge excess voltage arrester.
- the hollow electrode I together with an end cap 4 carried by the cylindrical electrode 2 and the annular insulating body 3 are connected to form a vacuum-tight casing which is filled with noble gas.
- the justmentioned elements are connected by means of thin wall metal portions 5 and 6 at the transition zones between the electrodes and the insulating body.
- the walls of the portions 5, 6 are much thinner than the other zones of the casing; this measure providing the protection of the insulating body 3 from overheating which could occur from the heat generated at the electrodes 1, 2 during an overload condition.
- the over voltage arrester represented should be available in particular in a small structural form.
- a small structural form raises the problem that high current impacts (i.e., flashes of lightning) could bring about an immediate melting or even evaporation of the electrodes. It has been discovered that this undesirable situation can be avoided with certainty if, as according to the invention, the outside diameter D, of the cylindrical electrode 2 is established in accordance with the expression 1 Q2 0.625 ln HM/m)
- the significations of the expression are:
- I current flowing through an electrode in amperes (a.) g specific resistance of electrode material at initial temperature in ohm-centimeters (item) a temperature coefficient of the electrical resistance of electrode material per degree centigrade l/ C.) AT temperature increase from initial temperature (temperature of the environment) to the melting point of the electrode in degrees Centigrade C.) c means specific heat of the electrode material in wattseconds per gram and per degree Centigrade (Wsec./g. C.) 'y specific weight of an electrode in grams per cubic centimeter (g./cm.
- diameter of the cylindrical electrode 2 in centimeters (cm.) D diameter of the hollow electrode 1 in centimeters (cm.) z, k indices for the physical properties of the cylindrical electrode (z) and the hollow electrode (k) in a practical example of execution iron serves as the electrode material.
- the initial temperature is assumed in this case to be 20 C.
- the hollow electrode 1 in order that a gas discharge over voltage arrester be possessed of fail-safe properties, i.e., in order that a short circuit occurs before destruction in response to an overload condition, it is essential that the hollow electrode 1 withstand a higher heating than the cylindrical electrode 2. it is then certain that the integrity of the housing is assured and the cylindrical electrode 2 melts before the hollow electrode 1 acquires a rupture or holes therein.
- the distance d of the hollow electrode 1 from the cylindrical electrode 2 must therefore be no greater than 1 mm. in order to assure a sufficiently short response time.
- the over voltage arrester ignites so rapidly upon loading with a shock wave that the apparatus to be protected does not suffer damage.
- a gas discharge over voltage arrester of the type having a vacuum-tight casing filled with noble gas, a solid cylindrical electrode carrying an end cap which forms a portion of the casing, a hollow electrode which is disposed coaxially of the cylindrical electrode and forming a portion of the casing, and an annular insulating body connecting the end cap and the hollow electrode in a vacuum-tight manner, the improvement therein comprising the provision of the cylindrical electrode of a first electrically conductive material (z) which has a diameter D, in accordance with the expression and the hollow electrode of a second electrically conductive material (It) having an inside diameter D,,., which is at most equal to 2 mm. greater than the diameter D, and an outside diameter D which is at most 15 mm.
- d is the spacing between the cylindrical and hollow electrodes
- Q is the quotient (alloy) of two products which are formed of the temperature coefficient (l/ C.) of the electrical resistance and the specific electrical resistance (l-cm.) of the respective electrode material, as identified by the subscripts k and z, and of the mean specific heat c(Wsec./g. C.) and the specific weight 'y(g./cm. of the respective electrode material, where AT is the temperature difference between the operating and melting temperatures of the electrodes in each case as identified by the subscripts It and z, where l(A) is the maximum current strength, and t(.r) is the mean time duration of the current flow.
- the voltage arrester according to claim 1 wherein the cylindrical and hollow electrodes are of the same material and the outside diameter D of the hollow electrode over the diameter D of the cylindrical electrode is in accordance with the relation 3.
- the voltage arrester according to claim 1 comprising metal portions forming portions of the housing and connecting the annular insulating body vacuum-tight with the hollow electrode and the end cap, said metal portions being thin with respect to the remainder of the housing.
Landscapes
- Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19702012453 DE2012453C3 (de) | 1970-03-16 | Gasentladungsüberspannungsableiter, vorzugsweise mit Edelgasfüllung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3651380A true US3651380A (en) | 1972-03-21 |
Family
ID=5765239
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US120638A Expired - Lifetime US3651380A (en) | 1970-03-16 | 1971-03-03 | Gas discharge over voltage arrester filled with a noble gas |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3651380A (de) |
| JP (1) | JPS547936B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | AT306833B (de) |
| CH (1) | CH526866A (de) |
| FR (1) | FR2084660A5 (de) |
| GB (1) | GB1319709A (de) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3755715A (en) * | 1972-10-11 | 1973-08-28 | Reliable Electric Co | Line protector having arrester and fail-safe circuit bypassing the arrester |
| US3858077A (en) * | 1973-11-20 | 1974-12-31 | Gen Instrument Corp | Gas tube transient voltage protector for telecommunication systems |
| US3878423A (en) * | 1973-05-31 | 1975-04-15 | Comtelco Uk Ltd | Electrical surge arrestor having fail-safe properties |
| US4142220A (en) * | 1977-09-26 | 1979-02-27 | Reliable Electric Company | Multi arc gap surge arrester |
| US4187526A (en) * | 1977-03-30 | 1980-02-05 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Gas-Discharge surge arrester with concentric electrodes |
| USRE30724E (en) * | 1979-07-16 | 1981-08-25 | Reliable Electric Company | Line protector having arrester and fail-safe circuit bypassing the arrester |
| US4320435A (en) * | 1979-03-06 | 1982-03-16 | Tii Industries, Inc. | Surge arrester assembly |
| US4644441A (en) * | 1983-09-22 | 1987-02-17 | Kabushiki Kaisha Sankosha | Discharge-type arrester |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE714139C (de) * | 1938-04-26 | 1941-11-21 | Siemens & Halske Akt Ges | UEberspannungsableiter |
| US2427086A (en) * | 1945-09-24 | 1947-09-09 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Spark gap device with cold electrodes |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2397982A (en) * | 1942-01-29 | 1946-04-09 | Salzberg Bernard | Spark gap tube |
-
1971
- 1971-01-27 CH CH120071A patent/CH526866A/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1971-01-28 AT AT71071A patent/AT306833B/de active
- 1971-03-03 US US120638A patent/US3651380A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1971-03-16 FR FR7109071A patent/FR2084660A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1971-03-16 JP JP1467471A patent/JPS547936B1/ja active Pending
- 1971-04-19 GB GB2404771*A patent/GB1319709A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE714139C (de) * | 1938-04-26 | 1941-11-21 | Siemens & Halske Akt Ges | UEberspannungsableiter |
| US2427086A (en) * | 1945-09-24 | 1947-09-09 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Spark gap device with cold electrodes |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3755715A (en) * | 1972-10-11 | 1973-08-28 | Reliable Electric Co | Line protector having arrester and fail-safe circuit bypassing the arrester |
| US3878423A (en) * | 1973-05-31 | 1975-04-15 | Comtelco Uk Ltd | Electrical surge arrestor having fail-safe properties |
| US3858077A (en) * | 1973-11-20 | 1974-12-31 | Gen Instrument Corp | Gas tube transient voltage protector for telecommunication systems |
| US4187526A (en) * | 1977-03-30 | 1980-02-05 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Gas-Discharge surge arrester with concentric electrodes |
| US4142220A (en) * | 1977-09-26 | 1979-02-27 | Reliable Electric Company | Multi arc gap surge arrester |
| US4320435A (en) * | 1979-03-06 | 1982-03-16 | Tii Industries, Inc. | Surge arrester assembly |
| USRE30724E (en) * | 1979-07-16 | 1981-08-25 | Reliable Electric Company | Line protector having arrester and fail-safe circuit bypassing the arrester |
| US4644441A (en) * | 1983-09-22 | 1987-02-17 | Kabushiki Kaisha Sankosha | Discharge-type arrester |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AT306833B (de) | 1973-04-25 |
| DE2012453A1 (de) | 1971-10-07 |
| JPS547936B1 (de) | 1979-04-11 |
| GB1319709A (en) | 1973-06-06 |
| FR2084660A5 (de) | 1971-12-17 |
| CH526866A (de) | 1972-08-15 |
| DE2012453B2 (de) | 1975-06-19 |
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