US3320084A - Vapor diffusion process and protection means - Google Patents
Vapor diffusion process and protection means Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3320084A US3320084A US310264A US31026463A US3320084A US 3320084 A US3320084 A US 3320084A US 310264 A US310264 A US 310264A US 31026463 A US31026463 A US 31026463A US 3320084 A US3320084 A US 3320084A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- portions
- coating
- metal
- vapor diffusion
- metal part
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 title claims description 61
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 77
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 77
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000005269 aluminizing Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000005254 chromizing Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Al] Chemical compound [Li].[Al] JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000007569 slipcasting Methods 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000010210 aluminium Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 halide salt Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/04—Coating on selected surface areas, e.g. using masks
- C23C14/042—Coating on selected surface areas, e.g. using masks using masks
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
- C23C10/04—Diffusion into selected surface areas, e.g. using masks
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/30—Self-sustaining carbon mass or layer with impregnant or other layer
Definitions
- This invention relates to the treatment of metals and alloys and particularly nickel base alloys or cobalt base alloys by vapor diffusion to increase the hysical and mechanical properties, such for example as the high temperature corrosion resistance of the metals or alloys, and it relates more particularly to the method and means of selectively coating portions of the metal and alloy parts while protecting other portions from coating by vapor diffusion.
- the metal part is heated to a temperature above 1000 C. and preferably to a temperature of about 1100 C. in a powder pack of metallic aluminum and aluminum oxide or other inactive metal oxide, with or without a small amount of a halide salt, such as ammonium chloride, for about 4 to 10 hours.
- the powder aluminum is usually employed in a particle size of less than 5 microns and the aluminum oxide is of a particle size greater than 50 microns and more often within the range of 50-100 microns.
- aluminum diffuses into the surface usually to a depth of about microns, depending somewhat upon the time and temperature of the aluminizing treatment.
- the amount of aluminum in the diffusion layer will usually average from 1 to percent by weight and preferably within the range of 2 to 8 percent by weight with the concentration of aluminum decreasing from the surface inwardly towards the inner boundary of the coating.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the assembly mold and metal part employed in the practice of this invention
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the metal part embodying the protective coating applied in accordance with the practice of this invention.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the metal part after treatment by vapor diffusion.
- the concept of this invention resides in the protection of selected portions of the metal part by a coating of a ceramic material which is impervious to the chromizing or aluminizing vapors thereby to prevent exposure of the surfaces to such vapors under the elevated temperature and reaction conditions existing during the chromizing or aluminizing process and which can be applied from a fluid system to provide a protective coating which accurately conforms to the shape of the portion of the part to be protected while being located immediately adjacent the metal surface to prevent access to the chromizing or aluminizing vapors but which can be cleanly and easily removed from the surfaces of the metal part to produce products portions of which are diffusion coated while other portions are free of the diffusion coating.
- the desired protective covering can be achieved, in accordance with an important concept of this invention, by the proc- 3 ess of slip casting to form a cap or covering about the portion of the metal part to be protected, using a slip casting composition and a mold cavity in communication with an absorbent surface in which moisture can be removed to set the slip casting composition about the portion of the metal part to be protected.
- Lithium aluminum silicate 3 Water 1
- the foregoing composition will have a pH of about 9.7 and a viscosity of 10.2 seconds in a No. 5 Zahn cup.
- the lithium aluminum silicate (Lithafrax of the Carborundum Company) is selected to have a particle size preferably of about 97% through a 325 mesh Tyler screen.
- the amount of lithium aluminum silicate may be varied preferably within the range of 2 /1 to 4 parts by weight of lithium aluminum silicate to 1 part by weight of water.
- the ratio of lithium aluminum silicate to water exceeds 4, the composition becomes too viscous and when it is less than 2 /2, the slip takes too long to set and dry.
- Example 2 Parts by weight Lithium aluminum silicate 6O Alumina, less than 325 mesh Water
- the foregoing again provides a solids to water ratio of 3 to 1 but the ratio of solids to water can be varied within the range of 4 to 1 as a maximum and 2 /2 to 1 as a minimum.
- Suitable slip casting compositions can also be formulated of powders of metals and metal oxides as illustrated by the following:
- Example 3 Parts by weight Water 120 Colloidal graphite (22% solids) Zirconia (ZrO (less than 100 mesh) 315 Zirconia flour (less than 325 mesh) 300 Nickel (less than 325 mesh) 265
- ZrO zirconia
- ZrO zirconia
- ZrO zirconia
- Zirconia flour less than 325 mesh
- Nickel nickel
- the mold in which the slip is cast is formed of two parts 10 and 12 formed of plastic or the like materials adapted to be brought together to define a mold cavity 14 which conforms in part to the cross-section of the part 16 to be coated by vapor diffusion and which in part 18 has walls spaced from the part 16 in the portions adapted to be protected from the diffusion vapors to provide a space 20 surrounding the portion to be protected, which space is dimensioned to have a thickness of from to /2 inch.
- the space 20 communicates with an opening at the top of the mold through which the slip composition is adapted to be poured and it further communicates with an absorbent surface which may constitute a part of the mold but which preferably comprises the surface on which the mold rests with the space 20 directly communicating with such absorbent surface, as by means of a continuation of the cavity.
- an absorbent surface on which the mold rests for the removal of liquid from the slip.
- the absorption of water from the slip poured into the mold cavity is from the bottom side while the slip composition is poured from the top side so that setting of the slip will take place progressively from the bottom side up thereby to insure complete filling of the mold cavity to form the casting completely around the portions 22 of the metal part to be protected.
- the maintenance of proper absorbency in the mold is eliminated as a problem since the absorbent surface on which the mold rests can be easily and quickly interchanged to maintain proper absorbency.
- the mold parts can be fabricated of plastic materials or of other less expensive and easily shaped materials which have greater life, greater strength and greater dimensional stability while enhancing the handling of the mold parts and the separation thereof one from the other and from the casting.
- a parting compound between the mold parts such as a silicon fluid or a tale referred to in the trade as Lubikold.
- the metal part 16 is assembled in the cavity 14 of the mold.
- the mold is positioned on the absorbent slab,
- a slip composition selected of Examples 1 to 5 is poured into the mold cavity to fill the mold space 20 about the mold part 22.
- the slip As moisture is absorbed from the slip composition into the walls of the mold (when use is made of a mold having absorbent walls), or into the slab, the slip sets as a casting or cap 24 about the metal part 18.
- the mold parts 10 and 12 are separated to free the metal part 16 with the slip casting 24 present as a protec- Iive covering on the surfaces 22 to be protected.
- the separated composite is then dried, preferably at elevated temperature in the range of ZOO-300 F. for from 2 to 16 hours.
- the formed part can then be packed with the conventional materials for vapor diffusion and then loaded into the furnace for treatment in the standard chromizing or aluminizing processes.
- the casting 24 formed on the portions 22 of the metal part 16 is fired at the temperature conditions existing in the furnace while, at the same time, the unprotected surfaces of the metal part are provided with the desired diffusion coating.
- the parts are removed from the furnace and the casting 24 is broken away from the metal parts to expose an underlying surface 22 which is entirely free of the vapor diffusion coating formed by aluminizing or by chromizing while the uncovered portions have the desired diffusion coating 26.
- the protective covering is effective to block penetration of the diffusion vapors, even when present in thicknesses as little as ;-inch, it will be apparent that one can achieve a rather sharp cut-off between the portion to receive the diffusion coating and the portions to remain as originally fabricated without the diffusion coating.
- slip cast compositions have been formulated of ceramic or metallic materials to provide a composite protective casting having a coefiicient of expansion and contraction which is substantially similar to that of the metal of which the part is formed with the result that pressures are eliminated during the heating and the cooling cycles Which might otherwise cause cracking.
- the materials can be used without the requirement for high strength in the casting that is poured which otherwise might result in deformation of the metal part under the conditions existing in the vapor diffusion coating process.
- the metal part can be clipped one or more times into one of the compositions of Examples 1 to 5 to Wet the surface with the coating composition.
- the slip casting compositions of Examples l to 5 may be used as formulated but it is preferred to increase the fluidity by the introduction of additional amounts of water to provide for the desired consistency for dip coating, brush coating, spray coating and the like.
- the improvement whereby, when the metal part is exposed entirely to the vapor diffusion treatment for chromizing or aluminizing, only selected portions of the part are coated while other portions are protected from the vapors to prevent formation of the diffusion coating, consisting of covering said other portions of the metal part with a layer of a composition selected from the group consisting of lithium alumi num silicate, lithium aluminum silicate in admixture with an oxide of a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum and zirconium, and graphite in admixture with a material selected from the group consisting of nickel, chromium and an oxide of a metal selected from the group consisting of zirconium and aluminum in finely divided form, said layer having a thickness of at lea-st ;-inch.
- a metal part having portions thereof covered to prevent formation of a coating by vapor diffusion consisting of a layer of material selected from the group consisting of a composition selected from the group consisting of lithium aluminum silicate, lithium aluminum silicate in admixture with an oxide of a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum and zirconium and graphite in admixture with a material selected from the group consisting of nickel, chromium and an oxide of a metal selected from the group consisting of zirconium and aluminum in finely divided form, said layer having a thickness of at least /m-inch.
- a metal part as claimed in claim 10 in which the covering of portions of the metal part comprises lithium aluminum silicate.
- a metal part as claimed in claim 10 in which the covering of portions of the metal part comprises lithium aluminum silicate and alumina in admixture.
- a metal part as claimed in claim 10 in which the 7 8 covering of portions of the metal part comprises nickel, References Cited by the Examiner zircon, and colloidal graphite in admixture.
- a metal part as claimed in claim 10 in which the covering of portions of the metal part comprises nickel, chromium and colloidal graphite in admixture. 5
- a metal part as claimed in claim 10 in which the q covering of portions of the metal part comprises colloidal ALFRED LEAVHT Examiner graphite and nickel in admixture. RALPH S- KENDALL, Examiner.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US310264A US3320084A (en) | 1963-09-20 | 1963-09-20 | Vapor diffusion process and protection means |
| DED45184A DE1298830B (de) | 1963-09-20 | 1964-08-13 | UEberzug zum Abdecken bestimmter Oberflaechenabschnitte von auf dem Diffusionsweg zu chromierenden oder zu alitierenden metallischen Gegenstaenden |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US310264A US3320084A (en) | 1963-09-20 | 1963-09-20 | Vapor diffusion process and protection means |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3320084A true US3320084A (en) | 1967-05-16 |
Family
ID=23201705
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US310264A Expired - Lifetime US3320084A (en) | 1963-09-20 | 1963-09-20 | Vapor diffusion process and protection means |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3320084A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE1298830B (de) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3429734A (en) * | 1965-10-24 | 1969-02-25 | Texas Instruments Inc | Method and apparatus for coating metal strip |
| US3647497A (en) * | 1968-11-29 | 1972-03-07 | Gen Electric | Masking method in metallic diffusion coating |
| US3837880A (en) * | 1971-05-07 | 1974-09-24 | Gte Sylvania Inc | Method of preventing coating diffusion flow |
| US3904789A (en) * | 1974-04-24 | 1975-09-09 | Chromalloy American Corp | Masking method for use in aluminizing selected portions of metal substrates |
| FR2359965A1 (fr) * | 1976-07-30 | 1978-02-24 | Gulf & Western Industries | Produit de masquage et procede pour empecher le depot d'un revetement sur un substrat |
| EP0346266A1 (de) * | 1988-06-10 | 1989-12-13 | United Technologies Corporation | Maskenverfahren für Diffusionsüberzüge |
| EP1388592A1 (de) * | 2002-07-31 | 2004-02-11 | METAPLAS IONON Oberflächenveredelungstechnik GmbH | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Isolierung eines Oberflächenbereichs eines Werkstücks |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4526814A (en) * | 1982-11-19 | 1985-07-02 | Turbine Components Corporation | Methods of forming a protective diffusion layer on nickel, cobalt, and iron base alloys |
| GB2348439A (en) * | 1999-03-29 | 2000-10-04 | Chromalloy Uk Limited | Mask for diffusion coating |
| DE102009035144A1 (de) | 2009-07-29 | 2011-02-03 | Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh | Verfahren zum Abdecken mindestens eines Oberflächenbereichs eines Bauteils für eine Strömungsmaschine und Bauteil |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2685543A (en) * | 1951-01-17 | 1954-08-03 | Wearex Corp | Production of chromium carbide surfaced wear resistant ferrous bodies |
| US3114961A (en) * | 1959-03-20 | 1963-12-24 | Power Jets Res & Dev Ltd | Treatment of porous bodies |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB925615A (en) * | 1959-11-11 | 1963-05-08 | John Greer Ruckelshaus | Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of film resistors |
-
1963
- 1963-09-20 US US310264A patent/US3320084A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1964
- 1964-08-13 DE DED45184A patent/DE1298830B/de active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2685543A (en) * | 1951-01-17 | 1954-08-03 | Wearex Corp | Production of chromium carbide surfaced wear resistant ferrous bodies |
| US3114961A (en) * | 1959-03-20 | 1963-12-24 | Power Jets Res & Dev Ltd | Treatment of porous bodies |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3429734A (en) * | 1965-10-24 | 1969-02-25 | Texas Instruments Inc | Method and apparatus for coating metal strip |
| US3647497A (en) * | 1968-11-29 | 1972-03-07 | Gen Electric | Masking method in metallic diffusion coating |
| US3837880A (en) * | 1971-05-07 | 1974-09-24 | Gte Sylvania Inc | Method of preventing coating diffusion flow |
| US3904789A (en) * | 1974-04-24 | 1975-09-09 | Chromalloy American Corp | Masking method for use in aluminizing selected portions of metal substrates |
| FR2359965A1 (fr) * | 1976-07-30 | 1978-02-24 | Gulf & Western Industries | Produit de masquage et procede pour empecher le depot d'un revetement sur un substrat |
| EP0346266A1 (de) * | 1988-06-10 | 1989-12-13 | United Technologies Corporation | Maskenverfahren für Diffusionsüberzüge |
| EP1388592A1 (de) * | 2002-07-31 | 2004-02-11 | METAPLAS IONON Oberflächenveredelungstechnik GmbH | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Isolierung eines Oberflächenbereichs eines Werkstücks |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE1298830B (de) | 1969-07-03 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| DE68910599T2 (de) | Keramische Beschichtung auf Metall. | |
| US3320084A (en) | Vapor diffusion process and protection means | |
| US3919755A (en) | Method of making a high-strength heat-insulating casting | |
| US2961751A (en) | Ceramic metal casting process | |
| US4057433A (en) | Oxyfluoride-type mold for casting molten reactive and refractory metals | |
| DE3309699A1 (de) | Waermeisolierende auskleidung | |
| US2491096A (en) | Casting mold | |
| US3981352A (en) | Metal casting mold with bonded particle filter | |
| US3752689A (en) | Refractory laminate based on positive sols and organic or inorganic bases | |
| KR960011356B1 (ko) | 내화성 구조체의 열절연성 피복 조성물, 내화성 구조체의 피복방법 및 피복된 제품 | |
| US3441078A (en) | Method and apparatus for improving grain structures and soundness of castings | |
| JPH07232236A (ja) | 鋳造用のセラミックス中子の製造方法 | |
| US4528244A (en) | Fused silica shapes | |
| US3191252A (en) | Coating protection of metal surfaces during casting | |
| US3011986A (en) | Dip coat composition for metal casting comprising ceramic flour, colloidal silica, gum, alkali metal fluoride and rubber latex | |
| JPS6126879Y2 (de) | ||
| US3136011A (en) | Methods of preparing casting moulds | |
| US2426988A (en) | Mold coating | |
| US2758936A (en) | Investment casting of metals | |
| JPH0373379B2 (de) | ||
| RU2024344C1 (ru) | Способ изготовления керамических форм | |
| US4830881A (en) | Method of making a container | |
| RU2192939C2 (ru) | Способ легирования рабочей поверхности стальной изложницы | |
| US1827426A (en) | Molding material and mold | |
| JPS6343741A (ja) | 圧力鋳造用中子 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: HOWMET TURBINE COMPONENTS CORPORATION 825 THIRD AV Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. SUBJECT TO AGREEMENT DATED DECEMBER 31, 1975.;ASSIGNOR:HOWMET CORPORATON A CORP. OF DE;REEL/FRAME:004164/0321 Effective date: 19830705 |