US3007292A - Method of filling hollow spaces with powdery insulating material - Google Patents
Method of filling hollow spaces with powdery insulating material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3007292A US3007292A US795532A US79553259A US3007292A US 3007292 A US3007292 A US 3007292A US 795532 A US795532 A US 795532A US 79553259 A US79553259 A US 79553259A US 3007292 A US3007292 A US 3007292A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- liquid
- insulating material
- particles
- hollow spaces
- microns
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 8
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 title description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- XMTQQYYKAHVGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3,4-DICHLOROPHENYL)-1,1-DIMETHYLUREA Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)NC1=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1 XMTQQYYKAHVGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000005293 duran Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 232Th Chemical compound [232Th] ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011796 hollow space material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J9/02—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems
- H01J9/04—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems of thermionic cathodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/16—Rigid-tube cables
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method of filling hollow spaces with a powdery insulating material to a high filling factor and, in particular, to the making of an indirectly heated cathode having an insulating filling.
- the powder favourably contains a mixture of particles of which 90% is smaller than microns, and 10% is smaller than 2 microns, as is usually obtained by grinding and passing the powder through a 250 mesh screen.
- the liquid may consist of any liquid containing alcoholic OH groups, such as water, alcohol, monoethylglycolether, or the like, in which a suitable electrolyte is dissolved.
- electrolytes can be used: acids with a monovalent anion, such as HCl, HNO further acidic reacting salts producing monovalent anions in the liquid concerned, salts with multivalent cations being preferred, such as the chlorides or nitrates of aluminum, zirconium, thorium or the like.
- a monovalent anion such as HCl
- HNO further acidic reacting salts producing monovalent anions in the liquid concerned
- salts with multivalent cations being preferred, such as the chlorides or nitrates of aluminum, zirconium, thorium or the like.
- the quantity of liquid which is at the most 20% by weight of the suspension, does not suffice to form a liquid paste with powder in the uncharged state. In this case a brittle, unmanageable mass is obtained.
- Colloid chemical charges are a phenomenon known per se, but as a rule, it is not desired.
- the insulating particles are surrounded by an extremely thin, electrolytic double-layer, so that they repel one another and glide one over the other at a slight pressure, in spite of the almost dry state, as in the case of a liquid which does practically not wet objects.
- the electrolyte is removed, the particles adhere extremely strongly to one another. Though the charged state is not dependent on the particle size, the effect is greatest with smaller particles.
- Example Alumina is ground in a ball mill for 15 to 40 hours so that a powder is obtained consisting of 90% of particles of 10 microns and of 10% of particles of 2 microns.
- the mass which contains iron owing to wear of the mill, is then purified with hydrochloric acid, washed thoroughly with water and then dried. The powder thus treated becomes susceptible to charging when a suitable liquid is added.
- the figure shows a cathode, of which the emissive part 1 is supported by a metal cylinder 2, which encloses a heating body 3.
- the space inside the cylinder 2 is filled with alumina 4, which has a filling factor of more than 75%.
- a method of making an object containing a space filled with alumina with an 80% or higher filling factor consisting of a mass of alumina particles of which approximately are approximately 10 microns in size and the remainder are about 2 microns in size, mixing said mass of particles with less than 20% by weight of a liquid electrolyte to form a charged suspension, introducing into the said space said charged suspension and thereafter evaporating the liquid.
- liquid comprises a substance containing alcoholic OH groups in which an electrolyte is dissolved.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Solid Thermionic Cathode (AREA)
- Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL225991 | 1958-03-18 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3007292A true US3007292A (en) | 1961-11-07 |
Family
ID=19751156
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US795532A Expired - Lifetime US3007292A (en) | 1958-03-18 | 1959-02-25 | Method of filling hollow spaces with powdery insulating material |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3007292A (de) |
| CH (1) | CH368874A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE1090332B (de) |
| FR (1) | FR1218931A (de) |
| GB (1) | GB868431A (de) |
| NL (1) | NL107296C (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3281616A (en) * | 1961-10-30 | 1966-10-25 | Varian Associates | Focus electrode for high power electron guns |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL274785A (de) * | 1961-02-24 | |||
| DE1160113B (de) * | 1961-09-28 | 1963-12-27 | Telefunken Patent | Verfahren zum Einbetten eines Heizdrahtes in eine Kathodenhuelse fuer Elektronenroehren |
| CN116025532A (zh) * | 2022-12-30 | 2023-04-28 | 北京航空航天大学 | 一种空心阴极加热丝临近空间填充方法 |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1754003A (en) * | 1926-08-14 | 1930-04-08 | Dover Mfg Company | Tubular heating unit |
| US2079231A (en) * | 1931-12-14 | 1937-05-04 | Franklin S Smith | Condenser construction |
| US2376840A (en) * | 1940-12-12 | 1945-05-22 | Wiegand Co Edwin L | Manufacture of electric heaters |
| US2542657A (en) * | 1941-01-31 | 1951-02-20 | Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co | Indirectly heated cathode |
| US2624500A (en) * | 1950-05-11 | 1953-01-06 | Reaction Products Company | Manufacture of free-flowing crystalline solids |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2108683A (en) * | 1934-05-23 | 1938-02-15 | Rca Corp | Method of making fluorescent screens |
| BE545031A (de) | 1955-02-09 |
-
0
- NL NL107296D patent/NL107296C/xx active
-
1959
- 1959-02-25 US US795532A patent/US3007292A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1959-03-13 GB GB8779/59A patent/GB868431A/en not_active Expired
- 1959-03-14 CH CH7078359A patent/CH368874A/de unknown
- 1959-03-14 DE DEN16404A patent/DE1090332B/de active Pending
- 1959-03-17 FR FR789579A patent/FR1218931A/fr not_active Expired
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1754003A (en) * | 1926-08-14 | 1930-04-08 | Dover Mfg Company | Tubular heating unit |
| US2079231A (en) * | 1931-12-14 | 1937-05-04 | Franklin S Smith | Condenser construction |
| US2376840A (en) * | 1940-12-12 | 1945-05-22 | Wiegand Co Edwin L | Manufacture of electric heaters |
| US2542657A (en) * | 1941-01-31 | 1951-02-20 | Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co | Indirectly heated cathode |
| US2624500A (en) * | 1950-05-11 | 1953-01-06 | Reaction Products Company | Manufacture of free-flowing crystalline solids |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3281616A (en) * | 1961-10-30 | 1966-10-25 | Varian Associates | Focus electrode for high power electron guns |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR1218931A (fr) | 1960-05-13 |
| DE1090332B (de) | 1960-10-06 |
| CH368874A (de) | 1963-04-30 |
| GB868431A (en) | 1961-05-17 |
| NL107296C (de) |
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