US2652034A - Compound steam locomotive - Google Patents

Description

G. BAILLOT ET AL COMPOUND STEAM LOCOMOTIVE 2 Sheets-Sheet l Sept. 15, 1953 Filed May 25, 1950 Sept 15, 1953 G. BAlLLoT ET AL 2,652,034

coMPouNn STEAM LocoMoTIvE Filed May 2.5, 195o 2 sheets-sheet 2 3 zo o g e 4 6 6 B c 4 TTONEY Patented Sep-t. l5, Q'

COMPOUND STEAM LOCOMOTIVE Georges Baillot, deceased, late of Embourg, near Liege, Belgium, by Helene Baillot, Liege, and Germaine Baillot, Embourg, near Liege, Belgium, sole heirs, and Ernest Baillot, Liege, Belgium Application May 25, 1950, Serial No. 164,132 In Belgium J une 4, 1949 3 claims. l

The invention relates to compound locomotives and the object in view is to realize in a steam locomotive of this type a double integral expansion, which will permit the power of the locomotive to be increased.

In the compound system, it is well known that the anticipated high pressure exhaust causes at the receiver a pressure drop without work, which is a loss all the larger as this exhaust generally takes place in full low pressure admission. The ideal solution would be, after getting the complete high pressure expansion, to obtain a perfect pressure balance between the returning surfaces of the small pistons and the receiver, so that any pressure drop at receiver would only concur with the admission or better with the low pressure admission lead. But this would entail a large loss of work because of the excess compression in the high pressure cylinders and would involve serious operating difliculties, especially at high speeds.

This compression excess arises from the fact that the steam on the returning surface of high pressure pistons can no longer be delivered to the receiver on account of the progressive narrowing of the passage at exhaust ports, and is already compressed at the exact moment of port closing, causing thus a real pre-compression.

Attempts have been made to obviate this trouble by giving a more or less negative value to the outside laps of high pressure slide valves and by artiiicially increasing the clearances at admission cylinders, but this could only be obtained at the cost of many constructional complications.

This invention affords a very simple solution of this problem by realizing a double integral expansion locomotive, in which in each set comprising one high pressure and one low pressure cylinder, the corresponding cylindrical distributing valves are exactly contiguous and comprise each three separate chests, the central one being kept, in the small slide valve, for the working steam admission, and in the large slide valve for the concentration of the two exhausts to the chimney, while the two end chests, connected on either side from one slide valve to the other, receive the primary expansion exhaust steam.

Thus, as the two end chests are in one piece in the two slide valves, two small receivers, independent from each other, are obtained in each set of two cylinders.

It can be understood that the rush of the noncondensing exhaust of the large slide valve or of low pressure cannot lead to the slightest reaction on the steam valve gear and. as there is a recess in the slide valves, a perfectly balanced pressure will be set up at the ends of the steam chests, where the use of a steam trap is certainly advisable. At the same time, this pressure of steam containing oil and condensation water is a further security for the slide valve tightness and also provides ample lubrication to the rods and packing.

The accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification show by way of example an embodiment or the invention.

Fig. 1 shows schematically a front half view and half section of an improved compound locomotive, in which the low pressure cylinders are set inside the frame and the high pressure cylinders outside on either side;

Fig. 2 is a partial view partly in section in a high pressure cylinder and its distributing valve on the line II-II of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a section on the line III-III of Fig. l, in the block formed by the two slide valves of a high pressure and low pressure cylinder set, the high pressure cylinder being shown in partial section.

Referring to the drawings, a valve gear 3 is coupled with high pressure cylinder I and low pressure cylinder 2 and comprises one high pressure slide valve 4 and one low pressure slide valve 5, cast integrally or otherwise. These two slide valves are each driven by a Walschaert gear and, were it not for the advantage obtained by the increase of the low pressure admission4 against the high pressure admission, the two slide valves could be coupled and driven by a common link.

Each slide valve 4 and 5 has four rings 6 provided with packings to ensure tightness and they move respectively inside the cylindrical faces l' and 8 separated from each other in valve gear 3 by a partition 9 which is drilled with side passages I0. In each valve 4 and 5, the rings 5 delimit three distinct chests A, B, C and A', B',

C. The middle chest B of slide valve 4 is in- These two chests B and B are quite distinct, and they are separated by the partition 9. The cylindrical face 'I is drilled with ports II and II corresponding to passageways I2 and I2 of the high pressure cylinder, while the cylindrical face 8 is drilled with ports I3 and I3 correspondingl 'V 3 to identical passageways (not shown) of the low pressure cylinder 2.

Moreover, the cylindrical face 'l is drilled with ports I5 and l5' and cylindrical face 8 with ports I6 and Ixwhichfenscre. cchnecticri .thrcugh side passage I between. chests A ,angitA and C and C; these chests alternately receive exhaust steam from the high pressure cylinder or primary expansion i. e. the admission steam to the low pressure cylinder. These end,chestsfthus really form -by their dualQinQlQll -Cyl/O small intermediate and independent tank prreceivers. According to this inventionmthe s e-iatlves vcoupled to the cylinders willthgsioxgmjniaridurcylinder locomotive four small receivers A-A, C-C independent from eachother, the regulating function of which allows in optimum`condi tions, the development of the different distribution phases, as well for high as for lowfpressu-ige. Thus, the compartments A-A and C-C form .tWO .tsm-al1 independent `f.internicsiieite .receivers Sinceftheloeemetire has .twchieh cressurecylih- `ders arid twodcw pressure cylinders (eseeeh ih .Fig .1) Ythere ere iniell fcurs..rhe11.independent receivers.

er1 .thefront surfaceorthe ccrresnchdihgflerse.

piston, and .thesame happens ier .thebe'ek suriecee cf .thepistchsin .question- YThe boiler werking ,steam admitted fer instance Ori the-irchtsfiirface .cf..e..s.rnall`pistcheii .pende slightly .therein ,by ,e 5 .strcheeithe slide valve, and then unitesfdue'toajgreatly anticiretedexheust., `withithe .steam 'volume .cchtained in its intermediate .space and whichis brought et about .two .thirds ,of ,thebciler ,pressure. The .high rilreseure .ernennen their ccntinues up to full stroke havingbeen supportedby the Steam ci .the shiallreceirer and acting here es e feeder, .s0 .that et .thegetiirri eisten strche, the pressure .balance cf the Whcleci .the intermediate steam volume is more ,than ensured.

The pressure `drop -of this volume will v then concur withgadmission onbet-ter with low Ip ressiiije edmissienleadfto .Obtain the proper extension end .with 'the `other ,well-known nhesesgcf the locomotive distribution.

In the ,present device, .thepressureswredeaeh time in the intermediate spaces has been .estimated t0 be ,ofthe .boiler pressure. ,Bylcarefui use Of the 10W vpressure admission, .this pressure cen he brought t0 .the mcstedvariteeecus reiht., in Order te prei/.eht the sliehtcstferessure diep when the contents of one receiverisiddded to the intermediate,steam-volume. This faddlticri, and consequently the intermediate balance, will in fact always :be'fattained ,evienwhen the.-.piston has not travelledhalfof its stroke.

The steam .chests and slide-valvesare .combined in such a way that .a ,steam passage section of at least `3 din.2 (46.5 ,squarefinches :between high and :low .pressure .ports is provided ,at-each ireceiver or intermediate space. tor veach position of the `distributing valve, and, ,as-the largest admission, increased by.:40%,1is Istill ,ensuredbetween the returning surfaceoffthe small piston and the .expansion cylindenno Yrisk offthe least detri- 4 mental resistance or pre-compression at high speeds is to be feared.

From the foregoing, it can be inferred that the double integral expansion as outlined above can ,increase Ithe lp oyver of the .locomotive by 28 i.t.030%

The system u'sed for the starting of the fouroylinder compound locomotives is well known:

it consists in releasing the exhausts of all cylinders;tothelatmosphere. This result can only be achieved after very, expensive engineering complications. gIn the present instance, compres- .sio n`,releajse-.valve s are used, such as l'l, set on the ,low pressure Srcylinder bottom ends, which should be properly regulated (Fig. 2).

Each h ighpressure cylinder is provided with ftwo-smallworking steam feed cocks I8. These cocks are set in such a manner that their ports will,be hidden :by the high pressure cylinder pistons which act here as valve gears whenever vthese .pistons arrive at ,the 3A .Stroke point in each direction (Fig. y 2). This precaution is ,necessary in order tooier some security against ,en eventualcembressicri QfJhighpressure when the moment of maximum use,'i. e. 51% of admis- ..s ion, is exceeded. YThis admission, as long as it lasts, has Airl fact the -function of ilimiting to ..8 kgs. (17,5 lbs.) intheapresent instancefthe backpressure by means of the valves situated onthe low pressure cylinder bottom en ds. It should be noted that Ythelocomotive power injits more dis- ,advantageous position will be by far-.up .to 25ctlarger thank the power developed by the exhaust system of fourcylinder compoundilocomotives.

Having how particularly. vdescribed .and .ascertained thenature of ,the said invention, what is claimed is:

1. In acempcund Steam locomotive, two-cylinder groups, .each comprising ,a vhigh pressure cylinder and a low pressure cylin dereach group .ofcylinders beingserved by cylindrical distributing valves forming block, said .distributing valves defining three distinct compartments, a partition uniting .the 4two .distributing valves, said partition having two .lateral end ,passages and Ytwo distinct central ,ccmpartments fformingwith thecompartments provided ,in saiddistributing valves a central chamber Vfor admitting s tea'm into the high pressure cylinder, a central chamber Yfor the outlet ofsteam from .the Alow pressure cylinder, and two distinct .lateralchambers defining independent lreceivers for the passage vof the steam from thehigh pressure .cylinder to the low pressure cylinder.

2. I n a compound steam locomotive, two ,cylin- .d er groups, each comprisingafhigh Apressure cylinder and a low pressure cylinder, each Vgroup .of @,ylriflers beingservedby cylindrical distributing valves forming a jblockgsaid distributing valves defining vthree distinct compartments, a partition v uniting .the two distributing valves, vsaid partition having `two lateral .end passages Vand two ,distinct `central icompartments, -torn/ring v with the com- .partments .provided in said distributing I.Valves a entralchamber for admitting steam into .the high pressure cylinder, 1a central chamber for the outlet .of steam from .thelow pressurecylinder, and two distinct lateral chambers defining independent receivers for the r-passage lof thesteam from the high pressure cylinder to the Ilow-pressure cylinder, .communication being Aprevented between the two faces of the high pressure pis- -tons in the ,central Aposition of the ,corresponding value.

3. In a compound steam locomotive, two cylinder groups, each comprising a high pressure cylinder and a low pressure cylinder, each group of cylinders being served by cylindrical distributing valves forming a block, said distributing Valves dening three distinct compartments, a partition uniting the two distributing valves, said partition having two lateral end passages and two distinct central compartments, forming with the compartments provided in said distributing valves a central chamber for admitting steam into the high pressure cylinder, a central chamber for the outlet of steam from the low pressure cylinder, and two distinct lateral chambers clening independent receivers for the passage of the steam from the high pressure cylinder to the 10W pressure cylinder, decompression valves mounted on the low pressure cylinders to facilitate starting, and the high pressure valves being HELENE: BAILLOT,

GERMAINE BAILLOT, Heirs of Georges Baillot, deceased.

ERNEST BAILLOT.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 406,011 Vauclain June 25, 1889 422,111 Beck Feb. 25, 1890 440,531 Beck Nov. 11, 1890 736,888 Smith Aug. 18, 1903 2,134,466 Lentz Oct. 25, 1938

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