US2162687A - Construction material - Google Patents

Description

June 13, w39. A. c. FISCHER i CONSTRUCTION` MATERIAL Filed Jan. 27, 1927 Patented June 13, 1939 UNITED sTATEs CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL Albert c. Fischer, chicago, In., assignmto Thev Philip Carey Manufacturing Company, a corporation of Ohio Application Januaryl, 1927, Serial No. 164,001

4 Claims.

My present invention relates in general to construction materwial, and has particular reference to the production of preformed sheets, strips,

blocks, slabs or the like, for use as insulation, roof J 5 covering, expansion joints, flooring, mats, waterproong, and any other uses where a preformed A material of the herein. described qualities is needed.

The object of my present invention is to provide a constructional material ,consisting of a main body "portion and a reinforcing member adapted to lend reinforcement and to hold the main body 'portion in position, which malnbody portion is composed of a mixture of bitumen and rubber, in such proportions that the mixture is soft and pliable, and when compressed will sluggishly resume its former shape. This main body vportion is hence highly compressible and is especially adapted for expansion joint purposes.

Another object of my invention resides in mixing with the bitumen and the rubber a proportion of bers or fibrous material which lends expansibility to this main body portion and thereby renders it particularly adaptable for packing material where compressible andl expansible characteristics are desired, especially as in expansion joint.

For the purpose of illustrating the salient features of the invention I will select expansion joint material as a basis for describing the material and the method of fabricating the same.

With this end in view an illustrative embodie A ment of my invention is shown in the accompanying drawing, and in which Figure l is a detailed view in perspective of a portion of an expansion joint strip embodying one form of myinvention;

Figure 2 is a view in perspective embodying another form of my invention; and

Figure 3 is a View in perspective embodying still another form of my invention.

Various forms of composition roong, expansion joints and waterproofing materials have been suggested using saturated felt sheets as a foundation material or reinforcing material for ductile or plastic, asphaltic material or composition asphaltic material, so that the asphaltic materia] may be reinforced to such an extent that it will retain its premoulded or preformed form without detracting from its inherent compressible or expanding qualities, which makes it ac- .ceptable for various uses to which itis to be put.

' In some of these forms plastic or ductile material is reinforced by a singlelayer of foundation ma- 55 terial placed on one side thereof. In other forms foundation material. is applied to opposite sides, and in other forms the ductile or plastic material is made up in alternating layers with the. foundation material. 1

In practising my present improvement I have 5 r in mind carrying out the same theory or mode of fabrication as previously suggested designs, but I use a different type of material in place of the ductile or plastic material as heretofore used. This difference applies equally well to the foun- 10 dation material. What I mean by employing "'a different type of material is that the previously suggested forms have never disclosed the added advantage of 'incorporating elastic rubber-like qualities in the plastic or ductile material, so that l5 in the case of expansion joints, as an example, not only will the material be adapted to compensate for expansion but owing to its elastic qualities it will resilientlyreturn to its original dimensions after being compressed by4 expansion 20 of the building structure. between which it is interposed. Such functioning will keep the expansion joint space filled at all times, regardless of changes in the dimension of the space between the members in which the material is interposed. 25

I have discovered that the addition of a rubber content to a bituminous substance, such for inl stance as, blown asphalt, will develop elastic, rubber-likequalities in the resultant product, and this condition prevails equally well., at least `30 for all practical purposes, where brous material is used asa illler for the bituminous material.

When I refer to a rubber content I have in'- mind incorporating either uncoagulated latex, ordinary latex, cut back rubber, reclaimed rubber, ground unvulcanized rubber, coarse unvulcanized rubber particles, or any other unvulcanized rubber material suitable for the purpose which may be combined with the asphaltic material or the asphaltic mixture. For the sake oi economy I would prefer to use reclaimed rubber to develop the rubber content,`and the portion used in the mixture for the layer 5 would ordinarily range from 5to 35 per cent by Weight.

In lieu of a bituminous rubber mixture the 45 material covered by Harold B. Pullar in his Patent No. 1,409,237, granted March 14, 1922, would Well serve my purpose when premoulded into the form desired and reinforced by foundation material. Other similar vulcanized oils may be employed. 1

When using fibrous material as a filler the proportion would vary in accordance with the nature of the fibrous material, in using sawdust, as an example, the same being a nely divided For a coarser fibrous material, such as excelsior or more or less coarsely ground wood, I would use about 15 to 30 per cent. The balance of the .mixture would be made up of the .asphalticmaterial or the blown bituminous-pitch compound described in the Pullar patent.

To develop a. mixture I would ordinarily proceed by liquefying the blown asphalt and introducing the same into a mechanical mixer, or else this melting step would be realized in the mixer, provided'the same was equipped with a steamjacket or some other heating means suitable for the purpose. In most cases a mechanical mixer witl heating equipment would be preferable, regardless of whether the blown asphalt had `been previously melted or not, since it is desirable to retain the asphalt at a melting point throughout the mixing step, as the introduction of the fibrous (material will solidify to some extent. However, the idea is to melt the asphalt to a consistency that will make it more or less easy to mix the brous material'with it, including the reclaimed rubber constituent. i

After the mixing step has been completed the material would be removed from the mixer, usually as a warm, plastic, workable mass, and then introduced into either an extruding machine or else converted by sheet forming apparatus into sheets, and then cut into slabs, strips, blocks or any other form which may be required. In case of extruding the material it could be extruded into the ultimate form desired without rst converting it into sheets.

The blown bituminous-pitch material described .by Pullar may have the fibrous material incorporated therein by melting the material'to a consistency that will leave it readily mixable with the brous material, and the mix thereafter formed into sheets, strips `or the like, as above l described.

Returning again to the expansion joint material. I will take the strips of this composition material which have been formed to size by an extruding apparatus, as an example, and apply the foundation material. In instances where ure 3, I may make a built-up structure by uti-v you the material has been preformed by sheet'forming apparatus, the foundation material could be applied when the material was in sheet form,

i. e. prior to the time that it was cut into strips.

In Ilanyuevent the idea would be to take a strip o'f elastic, rubber-like material, such as in Figure v1, and apply foundation material 6 to the side thereof. In other instances I may take the elastic material 5 and apply a foundation material 6 to the opposite sides thereof, as illustrated in Figure 2; or. else, as illustrated in Figlizing two or more layers of elastic, rubber-like -material 5, with an intermediate, or intermediate sheets or layers of the foundation material 6, and outer layers of the founda on material surfacing the built-up-structure. 5

As still another alternative form, but not shown, I may take two'v layers of elastic, rubberlike material 5 and use an intermediate layer of thefoundation material B. vIn other words,

` a,llply a layer 5 to opposite sidves of a layer 8.

rigid and notas plastic as the layer 5. I even have in mind the use of paper sheets or ifabric sheets, the primary object being to utilize al r case all of the layers could be of practically the same thickness.

Ido not expect to realize any particular ad- 'vantage fromA the` foundation layers, except to reinforce the elastic, rubber-like layer or layers,

'as the case may be, but at the same time I realize that the foundation layers, in. some instance,

should have some degree of compressibility in' order that the material will function properly. In other words, my invention consists in developing a highly compressible, elastic, rubber-like material, which is reinforced in order that the same may be properly handled and installed, and in order that it may properly function in use.

To affect economy the foundation layer may be composed of an all asphalt body, or an asphalt body having fibrous material dispersed therethru. Wherethe layer lis a single layer the foundation material 6 should predominate in thickness. Likewise where the layer 5 is on both sides they center layer 6 should predominate in thickness.

The percentage of the material in the rubber* layer would more or less affect the economic value oi' the finished joint. It might, therefore, he` advisable'to have the foundation layers in Vthicker proportion to Vthe rubberized layers. Likewise these rubber asphalt combinations may have fibrous material distributed thru them. Likewise the layer 5 may be of a thick, matted, flbrousmaterial waterproofed or otherwise, as may be desired. Likewise the foundation layer may be of. a thick, heavy, bulky, fibrous material 5 with its pores thoroughly permeatedwwith waterproofing material.

Likewise I may wish to prepare a material with a very'large preponderance of comminuted fibre in the layer 8,with an asphalt mixture-or any other binder having a large preponderance ofrfibre, say 60 to 75 per cent.

`I do not wish to be limited to the ystructure of the layer 5, my invention residing in the resiliency of the rubber-like layer or layers, nor do I wish to be limited to the method in which these layers are assembled, as it may be advisable to have separate machines pressing the various layers thru arolling process, and then assembling the various layers as they come from the machine thru the natural adhesiveness on the surfacey of the sheets while in a warm state, which requires only pressure to-unite them.

For fibrous filler in anyof the layers I may use'wool, asbestos, hemp, flax, hair, linters, hulls,.

cotton nbres, in fact any suitable vegetable, mineral or animal fibre. Infusorial or diatomaceous earth also typiiies suitable mineral filling. I may use other combinations of bituminous material and polymerized or vulcanized oils as long as they lend the true elastic nature of rubber, which bituminous material of itself does not possess. When I say elastic I mean true elasticity, such asrubber (has, and do not referto d'uctility,

where the bituminous material is readily de'-v formed and does not come back to its original form. This elasticity may be only slight wherey a-sniall'rubber content is employed to an increasing degree of elasticity extending to a very tough and elastic material, it being understood that the preponderance of bituminous material or binder when ailected by heat would create a very soft elastic mass, and the inreasing amount of vrubber content would stiien that mass in its respective stages until at last it will not be aiected by heat to any considerable extent.

By my invention I am able to provide a constructional material having a main body portion. which issluggishly elastic, inherently compressible and will sluggishly expand to its original shape. This material is particularly adaptable for expansion joint purposes, because when two adjacent slabs of cement or concrete expand toward each other the intervening expansion joint must be so constructed that it will give under the pressure, but without creating a ridge on the surface of the road and thus jar trafllc. With my improved body this cannot occur because the is released. 'I'his new composition is much preferred over the heretofore known compositions because of its high degree of inherent compressibility and re-expansibility, which quality is lent to the composition by the rubber ingredients. Reclaimed rubber is devulcanized rubber, and in the process of devulcanizing it becomes soft, pudgy and more or less sticky. I prefer to use this material where my constructional material, and particularly expansion joint, is to be manufactured, because the same condition which exists in the reclaimed rubber is imparted to the asphalt. Reclaimed rubber has a greater amnity for the asphaltthan the raw crude rubber, which must of course as a rul be cut back with a solvent before it can be readily incorporated. In

raw crude thev solvent would probably be kerovention resides in the characteristic of the main body portion that under the action of heat, the

heat intensies the compressibility and expansibility, and other characteristics of this material. 'I'his is due to the heating of the bituminous ingredients of the mixture. This quality of the material is particularly advantageous in expansion joints, where compression has previously been aiected during cold temperatures, and the warmth of the sun readily brings the material back to life and again lls the crevice.

I claim:

1. Construction material comprising built-up preformed layers, one of said layers comprising brated bituminous material having a rubber ingredient therein in such proportions as to give the bituminous material a relatively soft, pliable and resilient characteristic.

2. Construction material of the class described,

comprising a layer of plastic bituminous material having a rubber content suiclent to give a relatively soft, pliable and compressible characteristic to the layer, said layer carrying a more rigid reinforcing means. i

3. A wall board construction comprising av said layers of semi-rigid material having a composition in which asphaltum is the main ingredient.

4. A wall board construction comprising a layer of porous fabric, a layer of semi-rigid material aihxed to each side of the fabric, each of said layers being comprised of a mixture in which asphaltum is an ingredient, and a covering located over the outer surface of each of the layers of semi-rigid material.

Analizar c.

Images