US2143488A - Oil burner - Google Patents

Description

R. MAROGG Jan. 10, 1939.

OIL BURNER Filed NOV. 23, 1935 2 Sheets-Shea?l 2 /Nz/E/v To@ 7?/5H4Rz7 y @A2M/XW ,47' TOR/var Patented Jan. 10, 1939 STATES ATENT OFFICE` 8 Claims.

The principal object of my invention is an efficient and comparatively inexpensive oil or other iiuid burner which avoids the disadvantages and difculties which are inherent in the more conventional types of burners and particularly those of the gun type, the pot type and the rotary type. I shall for simplicity refer herein to the burner embodying my invention as an oil burner with the understanding that the term is broad enough to cover other forms of uid fuel burner. The gun type burner operates at high pressure, and it is not practicable to use the lower grades of fuel as it clogs the passages. In practice a No. 2 oil is commonly used in a burner of this character though a No. 1 oil is recommended. The pot type burner smokes and builds up carbon which has to be removed at frequent intervals, and in practice is usually cleaned every week which thus adds to the expense of operation. While the rotary type of burner can use the lower grades of oil, it smokes badly with the result that the carbon formed` thereby has to be removed frequently so that there is no saving in the use of the lower grades of oil. Furthermore, both the gun type and the rotary types of burner produce, in operation oil vapors and any failure of the gas to ignite is likely to result in an explosion.

The oil burner embodying my invention does not produce oil vapors on starting the burner and there is no possibility of an explosion. Furthermore the burner uses the lower grades of fuel, No. 4 and No. 5, for example, without smoking and without the formation of any carbon whatever. The use of the lower grades of fuel'is advantageous for the reason that they contain more heat units per unit volume than do the higher grades in addition to the fact that the lower grades are less expensive per unit volume.

Another object of my invention is the provision of an oil burner in which the oil is introduced to the burner in a novel and efficient manner, and in which the air is also introduced to and combined with the oil in such a way as to make a thorough mixture and produce highly e'cient combustion.

A further object of my invention is a novel and eective control for the burner.

A still further object of my invention is an oil burner which brings the ame into the most'l advantageous position for heating a steam boiler of the usual household type.

Other objects of my invention will appear in the specification and the novel features thereof will be pointed out in the claims.

My invention will best be understood by reference to the accompanying drawings in which I have illustrated the preferred form of my invention and in Whch- Fig. l is a somewhat diagrammatic front View partially in section illustrating the oil burner 5 embodying my invention including the controls therefor;

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the burner proper;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional view taken along the line 3--3 of Fig. 2 looking in the direction of 10 the arrows;

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary radial section through the burner plate;

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary plan view illustrating the appearance of the ame;

Fig. 6 is a sectional View through a modified form of burner plate and associated parts, and

Fig. '7 is a plan view of the deflector dome with the air chamber thereon omitted.

Like reference characters indicate like parts 20 throughout the drawings.

Referring to the drawings, lll is an oil reservoir which may receive its oil supply through a pipe Il connected to a suitable storage tank in the usual manner (not illustrated) and to which 25 i an oil feed l2 provided with the usual main valve I3 is connected. The oil level in the reservoir is maintained at constant level preferably by a oat (not illustrated) in the drawings and which actuates a valve tocontrol the supply of cil to the 30 reservoir I0 to maintain a constant and predetermined oil level in a usual manner and the `air supply pipe 2l to the burner B. A substantially annular burner plate indicated generally at 22 is provided with a sleeve or collar 23 to 45 which the air supply pipe 2l is connected and which may conveniently serve as a support for the burner plate. The burner plate is preferably provided with a downwardly and outwardly inclined portion 22H and an upwardly and out- 50 wardly inclined portion 222 which forms with the portion 22l a groove. or trough 24. I have found ,that the best results are obtained by inclining the outer portionA 222 of the burner plate between 25 and 28 to the horizontal, and While it 55 fao fplate. 'the burner plate are omitted so that the oil is prevented from flowing into the portion of the groove'24 which is between the partitions.

may be inclined at an angle less than 25 I find that in practice the burner smokes if inclined at an angle more than 28. The float is so adjusted as to maintain the level of the oil in the bowl I'I slightly below the lower edge of the openings I3 and preferably about gli of an inch below the same. An air pipe 25 is connected to the main air supply pipe 2| as best indicated in Fig. 1 with the inner end thereof facing the oncoming air so as to produce a pressure in said pipe. The other end of the pipe is connected to the upper side of the bowl I'I above the oil therein and, as the top of the bowl I1 is closed, as at III, 'the air from the pipe 25 is delivered against the oil in the bowl under suiicient pressure toagitate the oil, and throw it up over the openings I8 and the air under pressure in the bowl forces oil out through the pipes in the form of :particles or bubbles in a divided condition rather than in a solid column, with the result that the oil is delivered upon the burner plate on the inclined portion 22| `thereof and preferably adjacent to the groove 24 in a nely divided condition and vthoroughly commingled with air.

Above the bowl I'I is a dome 26 in the form of an inverted dish shaped and preferably rounded plate which may conveniently be formed of sheet metal and againstwhich the main air supply 'from the pipe 2| is directed and which thus flows downwardly and outwardly over the groove 24 thereby drawing along with it oil which has 4flowed from the ends of the pipes I9 into the groove and thereby becoming'thoroughly mixed with the oil which has been vaporized or partially vaporized by the burner plate which is preferably heated by means independent of the plate as will be more fully hereinafter described. In the embodiment of my invention illustrated in Figs. 1 to 3, the inclined portion 222 of the burner plate is provided with a plurality of rows of outwardly extending pins 2'I suitably secured thereto, the pins of a given row preferably being staggered with respect to those of an adjacent row. The burner plate may conveniently be 'heated independently of the oil burner by any lsuitable means which I have here illustrated as gas burners 28 which are connected to a gas pipe 29 which is located beneath and preferably ex- 'tends around the major portion of the burner plate. laround the portion of the burner plate which 'faces the doorfof the furnace, and two vertical Preferably also the pins 21 are omitted partitions 29| extend upwardly from the burner The oil pipes I9 around this portion of The liquid fuel may conveniently be ignited by a pilot gas burner 30 which may be connected to the gas pipe 29 and extends upwardly and outwardly as indicated in Figs. 1 and 2 to the vicinkity of the groove 24.

' The operation of the burner is as follows. 'Ihe bowl I1 until the oil level therein is slightly below lthe lower edge of the openings thereof and the fan 2|! forces air to the burner. The air from "the pipe 25 agitates the 011 in the 'bowl l1 sufficiently to force the oil up over the openings I8 and the air under pressure in the upper por- 'tion of the bowl forces particles or bubbles of "oil through the pipes I9 to the upper side of the burner plate in a nely divided and aerated condition and which then ows to the'groove 24 in -outer portion of the burner plate.

and between the pins with a blue flame and nally beyond the pins with an intense white flame thereby creating an intense heat in the region of the boiler or other device which is to be heated.

Means are also provided for stopping the operation of the oil burner in case the oil accumulates in the groove 24 of the burner. In the embodiment of my invention illustrated a pipe 65 is connected to the lower portion of the groove 24 in the burner plate and to a float operated device 'indicated generally at D. When the oil on the burner plate fails to ignite, oil fiows to a float operated device not fully illustrated and stops the flow of oil to the burner.

In Fig. 1 I have illustrated the burner arranged to heat a boiler the walls of which are indicated at 38| and from which it will be apparent that the flame is applied to the lower portion of the boiler walls where it is most effective in heating the boiler.

In Figs. 10 and 1l I have illustrated a'modilied form of burner in which the burner plate 22a is provided with a ring 99 that is preferably welded to the plate 22a, thereby forming a shoulder which prevents the air currents which ow outwardly over the shoulder from coming intoenf Voil thereon may be ignited even with a cold plate.

An oil cup is provided with a plurality of circumferentially arranged openings as in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 to which are connected pipes extending outwardly slightly beyond said ring 99 thereby causing the oil to feed outside the ring 99 into the In this embodiment of my invention, the dome 26| is conical in form and may conveniently be supported at its edge on the pipes ISI. The dome is surinounted by an inverted cup shaped member 89 substantially sealed against the dome 26| and forming a pressure chamber 90. The major portion of the air is supplied to the burner through a pipe 2| as it is inthe embodiment illustrated in Fig. 1. The portion of the dome 26| within the member 89 is provided with one or morey openings 9| here shown as three, through which ply is forced into the chamber 9B' and from which it is forced downwardly through a pipe 25| passing through and supported by the dome 26| into the top of the oil bowl or cup where it agitates the oil in the same manner as in the embodiment of my invention illustrated in Fig. 1 and causes the oil to be forced upwardly over the openings and out through the pipes with air in the same Vmanner as in the case of Fig. 1, the oil level in the cup I'II being maintained slightly below the lower edge of the openings therein. In the modiiication illustrated in Figs. 10 and 11 I Yfind that in practice the oil burns in suspension and thev plate remains comparatively cool.

In the burner embodying my invention, there "are 'no small openings in the burner proper through which the oil passes which have been found in practice in many other forms of burners 2,143,488 `to become-clogged. At the same time the oil is so thoroughly commingled with the air that it burns without smoke and I have found that in practice no smoke and resulting carbon is produced and the burner remains perfectly clean after extended operation. At the same time the burner is capable of burning the lower grades of fuel oil to advantage thereby securing the benet of the higher heat capacity inherent in fuels of this character and which are less expensive than the higher grades of fuel.

Furthermore, it is apparent from Fig. 1 that the flame of the burner is applied to the lower portion of the boiler and entirely around the same or nearly so which is obviously an advantage as compared with a burner which applies the heat to the middle portion of the boiler or which applies it only partially around the same as is the case with certain other known burners.

By the use of the heater, which I have here illustrated a gas heater, independent of the oil burner for maintaining the burner plate hot when the burner is not operating, the plate burner is much more readily started than would otherwise be the case.

While I have described my invention in its preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the words which I have used are words of description rather than of limitation. Hence, changes within the purview of the appended claims may be made without departing from the true scope and spirit of my invention in its broader aspects.

What I claim is:

1. In a liquid fuel burner, a burner plate, a bowl located above said burner plate, means for introducing liquid fuel to said bowl, a plurality of pipes arranged circumferentially of said bowl and communicating therewith above the liquid fuel therein, means for maintaining the liquid fuel in said bowl slightly below the lower edge of the orifices of said pipes in said bowl, an inverted dish shaped member located above said bowl, means for introducing the main air supply upwardly against said inverted dish shaped member whereby the main air supply flows upwardly and outwardly, and means for introducing a portion of said air supply to said bowl above the liquid fuel therein whereby the liquid fuel in said bowl is agitated sufciently to force the liquid fuel upwardly over said pipes and outwardly therethrough to said burner plate.

2. In a liquid fuel burner, a burner plate, a liquid fuel bowl located above said burner plate, means for introducing liquid fuel to said bowl, means communicating with the space in said bowl above the level of the liquid fuel therein for conducting liquid fuel outwardly over said burner plate, means for maintaining the liquid level in said bowl slightly below the orifice of said means, an inverted dish shaped member located above said bowl and provided with an opening therein, an inverted cup shaped member located above said inverted dish shaped member and forming a substantially fluid tight seal therewith around said opening, means providing communication between said inverted cup shaped member and said bowl above the liquid level therein, and means for directing air upwardly against said inerted dish shaped member whereby a portion of said air is forced outwardly and mixed with liquid fuel on said burner plate and a portion of said air is forced upwardly into said cup shaped member and thence downwardly into said bowl above the liquid fuel therein.

3. In a liquid fuel burner, a substantially annular burner plate, a liquid fuel bowl located above said burner plate, a plurality of circumferentially spaced pipes communicating with the interior of said bowl above the liquid fuel therein and extending laterally therefrom over said burner plate, means for delivering air against the upper surface of the liquid fuel in said bowl and under sufficient pressure to agitate the liquid fuel therein and forcing the same mixed with air from said bowl, and means for directing other air outwardly over the liquid fuel on said plate.

4. In a liquid fuel burner, a burner plate, a bowl for liquid fuel located above said plate,

means for introducing liquid 'fuel to said bowl, a

plurality of pipes communicating with said bowl and arranged circumferentially thereof and extending outwardly over said burner plate, means for maintaining the liquid level in said bowl slightly below the lower edge of said pipes, means for directing air supply upwardly through said burner plate, means for directing a portion of said air supply outwardly over said burner plate, and means for directing a further portion of said air supply into said bowl above the liquid level therein and under pressure sufficient to agitate the liquid fuel in said bowl and force the same through the orifices of said pipes and outwardly over said plate.

5. In a liquid fuel burner, a substantially annular burner plate, a liquid fuel bowl disposed above said burner plate, said bowl being open at the top, means for supplying liquid fuel to said bowl, means for maintaining the liquid level therein substantially constant, a plurality of liquid fuel distributing pipes communicating with the interior of said bowl above the normal liquid level therein and extending outwardly over said plate, an inverted dish shaped dome disposed above said bowl, means for directing air upwardly against the lower side of said dome under sufcient pressure to cause air to be deiiected downwardly into said bowl and agitate the liquid therein sufficiently to force the same outwardly through said distributing pipes onto said burner plate.

6. In a liquid fuel burner, a substantially annular burner plate, a liquid fuel bowl disposed above said burner plate, said bowl being open at the top, means for supplying liquid fuel to said bowl, means for maintaining the liquid level therein substantially constant, a plurality of liquid fuel distributing pipes communicating with the interior of said bowl above the normal liquid level therein and extending outwardly over said plate, an inverted dish shaped dome disposed above said bowl, means for directing air upwardly against the lower side of said dome under sufficient pressure to cause air to be deflected downwardly into said bowl and agitate the liquid therein sufficiently to force the same outwardly through said distributing pipes onto said burner plate, and means f or directing another portion of the air deflected from said dome outwardly over said burner plate.

7. In a liquid fuel burner, a substantially annular burner plate provided with a substantially annular upwardly extending shoulder, a liquid fuel bowl disposed above said burner plate, said bowl being open at its top, means for supplying liquid fuel to said bowl, means for maintaining the liquid fuel in said bowl at a substantially constant level, a plurality of liquid fuel distributing pipes communicating with the interior of said bowl above the liquid level therein and extending vnular burner plate provided with an upwardly extending shoulder substantially annular in form, means dening a substantially annular groove ,outside of said shoulder, a liquid fuel bowl located above said burner` plate, a plurality of circumferentially spaced pipes communicating with the interior of said bowl .above the liquid fuel there- `in and extending laterally therefrom over said shoulder, and means for supplying air under pressure and flowing outwardly over said shoulder Yin the same general direction as the liquid fuel.

RICHARD MAROGG.

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