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US20190224213A1 - Vaginal composition comprising a combination of estrogen and vitamin d - Google Patents

Vaginal composition comprising a combination of estrogen and vitamin d Download PDF

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US20190224213A1
US20190224213A1 US16/318,510 US201716318510A US2019224213A1 US 20190224213 A1 US20190224213 A1 US 20190224213A1 US 201716318510 A US201716318510 A US 201716318510A US 2019224213 A1 US2019224213 A1 US 2019224213A1
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vaginal
vitamin
estradiol
estrogen
ranging
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Enrico Colli
David F. ARCHER
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Chemo Research SL
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Chemo Research SL
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/56—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
    • A61K31/565—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids not substituted in position 17 beta by a carbon atom, e.g. estrane, estradiol
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/045—Hydroxy compounds, e.g. alcohols; Salts thereof, e.g. alcoholates
    • A61K31/065—Diphenyl-substituted acyclic alcohols
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/59—Compounds containing 9, 10- seco- cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/59—Compounds containing 9, 10- seco- cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems
    • A61K31/593—9,10-Secocholestane derivatives, e.g. cholecalciferol, i.e. vitamin D3
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
    • A61K47/14—Esters of carboxylic acids, e.g. fatty acid monoglycerides, medium-chain triglycerides, parabens or PEG fatty acid esters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0034—Urogenital system, e.g. vagina, uterus, cervix, penis, scrotum, urethra, bladder; Personal lubricants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0034—Urogenital system, e.g. vagina, uterus, cervix, penis, scrotum, urethra, bladder; Personal lubricants
    • A61K9/0036—Devices retained in the vagina or cervix for a prolonged period, e.g. intravaginal rings, medicated tampons, medicated diaphragms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/02—Suppositories; Bougies; Bases therefor; Ovules
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P15/00—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
    • A61P15/02—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives for disorders of the vagina

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of treating vaginal atrophy.
  • Vulvovaginal symptoms include vaginal dryness, vulvovaginal irritation/itching, and dyspareunia, and are experienced by an estimated from about 4% in the early premenopausal groups to 47% in the late postmenopausal group (Mc Bride M et al., 2010 “ Vulvovaginal atrophy”. Mayo Clin Proc; 85 (1):87-94).
  • vasomotor symptoms which usually abate over time even without treatment; symptomatic vaginal atrophy is typically progressive and unlikely to resolve on its own ( NAMS, 2010, “ Contemporary Clinical Management of Menopause ”).
  • Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) is characterized by different physical signs.
  • hormone replacement therapy estradien alone or a combination of estrogens and progestins. While systemic hormone replacement therapy is effective in abating vasomotor-related discomfort, 25% to 40% of women using systemic treatment still experience persistent vaginal dryness (Johnston S L, Farrell S A, Bouchard C et al. The detection and management of vaginal atrophy. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Can. 26, 503-515 (2004)).
  • Vaginal estrogen products deliver estrogen locally to vaginal tissues with systemic absorption proportional to dose used.
  • Various vaginal estrogen preparations such as conjugated equine estrogens (Premarin®), estradiol (Estrace®) vaginal creams, a sustained-release intra-vaginal estradiol ring (Estring®) and a low-dose estradiol (Vagifem®) and estriol tablets are useful therapeutic options in the treatment of this condition. All treatments provided equivalent relief of the symptoms of VVA based on composite scores of vaginal symptoms (dryness, soreness, and irritation) (Suckling J. et al., 2006, Cochrane Database Syst Rev. October 18; (4):CD00150).
  • vaginal vitamin D (suppository 1000 IU vit D Rocatrol, daily for 8 weeks) on vaginal atrophy in 44 postmenopausal women and demonstrated a significant increase of superficial cells in the vaginal epithelium and a significant decrease in vaginal pH.
  • results from the Women Health Initiative trial suggest that supplementation with 1000 mg of calcium and 400 IU of vitamin D does not influence menopause-related symptoms, including vaginal dryness, over an average of 5.7 years of follow-up among postmenopausal women (Leblanc E et al., Maturitas.
  • Vitamin D use in this case is clearly intended to regulated calcium homeostasis and bone turnover.
  • vaginal combination of high dose estriol (0.5 mg) and vitamin D (12500 IU) has been evaluated for the treatment of stress incontinence.
  • the combination administered three times a week for six weeks increased vitamin D serum level and brought a partial improvement on incontinence symptoms to therapy with single estriol.
  • This invention relates to a vaginal composition
  • a vaginal composition comprising a combination of estrogen and vitamin D or a vitamin D analog at a daily dosage delivery of (i) estrogen ranging from 1 ⁇ g to 100 ⁇ g estrogen of estradiol equivalent and (ii) vitamin D or analog ranging from 7.5 ⁇ g to 100 ⁇ g of vitamin D equivalent.
  • the daily dosage delivery of estrogen ranges from 1 ⁇ g to 70 ⁇ g.
  • the daily dosage delivery of estrogen ranges from 1 ⁇ g to 10 ⁇ g.
  • the said vaginal composition comprises a combination of estradiol and calcitriol at a daily dosage delivery of (i) estradiol ranging from 1 ⁇ g to 10 ⁇ g and (ii) calcitriol ranging from 0.25 ⁇ g to 1 ⁇ g.
  • the said vaginal composition has a liquid, solid or semi-solid presentation.
  • the said vaginal composition is a cream or a gel composition.
  • the said vaginal composition is presented as daily unit dosage form selected in a group comprising a capsule, an ovule, a tablet and a suppository.
  • the said vaginal composition is comprised in a delivery device selected in a group comprising a transmucosal device and a vaginal ring.
  • the said estrogen is estradiol or a derivative thereof.
  • the said vitamin D analog is selected in a group comprising calcitriol and calcipotriol.
  • This invention also concerns a composition
  • a composition comprising a combination of estrogen and vitamin D or vitamin D analog at a daily dosage delivery of (i) estrogen ranging from 1 ⁇ g to 100 ⁇ g estrogen of estradiol equivalent and (ii) vitamin D or analog ranging from 7.5 ⁇ g to 100 ⁇ g of vitamin D equivalent for its use as a vaginal pharmaceutical composition.
  • the daily dosage delivery of estrogen ranges from 1 ⁇ g to 70 ⁇ g.
  • the daily dosage delivery of estrogen ranges from 1 ⁇ g to 10 ⁇ g.
  • the said composition comprises a combination of estradiol and calcitriol at a daily dosage delivery of (i) estradiol ranging from 1 ⁇ g to 10 ⁇ g and (ii) calcitriol ranging from 0.25 ⁇ g to 1 ⁇ g.
  • This invention also pertains to a composition
  • a composition comprising a combination of estrogen and vitamin D or vitamin D analog at a daily dosage delivery of (i) estrogen ranging from 1 ⁇ g to 100 ⁇ g estrogen of estradiol equivalent and (ii) vitamin D or analog ranging from 7.5 ⁇ g to 100 ⁇ g of vitamin D equivalent for its use for preventing or treating vaginal atrophy.
  • the daily dosage delivery of estrogen ranges from 1 ⁇ g to 70 ⁇ g.
  • the daily dosage delivery of estrogen ranges from 1 ⁇ g to 10 ⁇ g.
  • the said composition comprises a combination of estradiol and calcitriol at a daily dosage delivery of (i) estradiol ranging from 1 ⁇ g to 10 ⁇ g and (ii) calcitriol ranging from 0.25 ⁇ g to 1 ⁇ g.
  • This invention also relates to a method for preventing or treating vaginal atrophy comprising a step of administering the vaginal composition described throughout the present specification to a woman in need thereof
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a graph of body weight evolution.
  • FIG. 1 depicts the evolution of body weight post-ovariectomy and during the 6-week treatment period.
  • Ordinate Body weight, as expressed in grams.
  • Abscissa time period following ovariectomy, as expressed in days.
  • Data are represented as mean values +/ ⁇ SEM, using the two-way ANOVA test.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a graph of the epithelium thickness.
  • the epithelium thickness values are reported as the percentage of increase as compared with the placebo conditions following a 6-week treatment period for each of the experimental groups.
  • Ordinate epithelium thickness, as expresses in percentage increase versus placebo. Bars from the left to the right of FIG.
  • Estradiol 0.4 ⁇ g Estradiol 0.2 ⁇ g+Calcitriol 0.1 ⁇ g; Estradiol 0.2 ⁇ g+Calcitriol 0.08 ⁇ g; Estradiol 0.4 ⁇ g+Calcitriol 0.006 ⁇ g; Estradiol 0.02 ⁇ g+Calcitriol 0.006 ⁇ g; and Estradiol 0.02 ⁇ g+0.075 ⁇ g.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates photographs of histological vaginal tissue slices (i) in placebo experimental conditions ( FIG. 3A ), (ii) animals treated with 0.02 ⁇ g estradiol ( FIG. 3B ), (iii) animals treated with 0.08 ⁇ g estradiol ( FIG. 3C ) and (iv) animals treated with 0.4 ⁇ g estradiol ( FIG. 3D ).
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the effect of the various treatment conditions on the maturation status of the vaginal tissue, as illustrated by the percentage of cornified cells.
  • Data (ordinate values) are presented as the change from the baseline in the percentage of cornified cells following a 6-week treatment period. Data are presented as the mean values +/ ⁇ SEM. “*” means p ⁇ 0.05; “**” means p ⁇ 0.01; “***” means p ⁇ 0.001.
  • Statistical significance was determined by using Dunnett's multiple comparisons post-hoc test following one-way ANOVA test. Bars form the left to the right of the FIG.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a graph depicting the effect of the various treatment conditions on the maturation status of the vaginal tissue, as illustrated by the percentage of leukocytes.
  • Data (ordinate values) are presented as the change from the baseline in the percentage of cornified cells following a 6-week treatment period. Data are presented as the mean values +/ ⁇ SEM. “*” means p ⁇ 0.05.
  • Statistical significance was determined by using Dunnett's multiple comparisons post-hoc test following one-way ANOVA test. Bars form the left to the right of the FIG.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the calcium plasma level in the various treatment conditions.
  • This invention relates to an estrogen-based composition for preventing or treating vaginal atrophy, and especially post-menopausal vaginal atrophy.
  • the present inventors have performed an extensive research with the aim of conceiving a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating vaginal atrophy with the aim of obtaining a composition that shall be as effective as the known compositions in its preventive or curative effect, and that shall be safer than the known compositions.
  • the inventors have conceived a specific pharmaceutical composition which is endowed with a local action of the selected estrogen on the vaginal mucosa and which is believed to possess a limited or even no estrogen systemic action, and which is thus safer than the known pharmaceutical compositions.
  • the present inventors have conceived an estrogen-based pharmaceutical composition comprising vitamin D or a vitamin D analog, which pharmaceutical composition is under a physical form which is suitable for a local release of the active ingredients to the vaginal mucosa.
  • a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention releases locally an estrogen active ingredient at a daily amount which is lower than the daily amount which is described in the art as an effective dose for preventing or treating vaginal atrophy, especially vaginal atrophy in post-menopausal women.
  • a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention when administered locally to individuals affected with vaginal atrophy, allows reversing vaginal atrophy by increasing the thickness of the vaginal epithelium and especially by increasing the maturation status of the vaginal epithelium, as illustrated notably by the high increase of the cornified cells content contained therein.
  • a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention releases locally vitamin D or vitamin D analog active ingredient at a daily amount which is at most the highest amount which is recommended by the health agencies, which includes the Food and Drug Administration in the US and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA Journal 2012; 10(7):2813).
  • a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention is at least as effective for preventing or treating vaginal atrophy as known estrogen-based compositions although the said pharmaceutical composition comprises a very low amount of the said estrogen active ingredient.
  • a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention because it contains a very low amount of an estrogen active ingredient, is believed to be endowed with a decreased risk of side effects, and especially with a decreased risk of hyperplasia or carcinoma, in comparison with the known compositions for treating vaginal atrophy, including the known compositions for locally treating vaginal atrophy.
  • a vaginal composition according to the invention comprises a very low amount of estrogen, then a risk of side effects caused by systemic passage of estrogen is far lower than with the low dose estrogen compositions known in the art.
  • a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention because it contains at most the highest amount of vitamin D or vitamin D analog active ingredient recommended by the health agencies, is believed to be endowed with a decreased risk of side effects, and especially with a decreased risk of hypercalcemia.
  • the present invention relates to a vaginal composition
  • a vaginal composition comprising a combination of estrogen and vitamin D or a vitamin D analog at a daily dosage delivery of (i) estrogen ranging from 1 ⁇ g to 100 ⁇ g estrogen of estradiol equivalent and (ii) vitamin D or analog ranging from 7.5 ⁇ g to 100 ⁇ g of vitamin D equivalent.
  • the daily dosage delivery of estrogen ranges from 1 ⁇ g to 70 ⁇ g.
  • the daily dosage delivery of estrogen ranges from 1 ⁇ g to 10 ⁇ g.
  • the said vaginal composition comprises a combination of estradiol and calcitriol at a daily dosage delivery of (i) estradiol ranging from 1 ⁇ g to 10 ⁇ g and (ii) calcitriol ranging from 0.25 ⁇ g to 1 ⁇ g.
  • the vaginal composition comprises a combination of estrogen and vitamin D or a vitamin D analog at a daily dosage delivery of (i) estrogen ranging from 2 ⁇ g to 10 ⁇ g estrogen of estradiol equivalent and (ii) vitamin D or analog ranging from 7.5 ⁇ g to 100 ⁇ g of vitamin D equivalent.
  • estradien of estradiol equivalent means an amount of a selected estrogen which is expressed as the equivalent amount of estradiol. Estrogen equivalency is described elsewhere in the present specification.
  • vitamin D equivalent means an amount of a selected vitamin D analog which is expressed as the equivalent amount of vitamin D. Vitamin D equivalency is described elsewhere in the present specification.
  • the expression “daily dosage delivery” may be used interchangeably with the expression “daily delivery amount”. These expressions mean the amount of the considered active ingredient (i.e. estrogen and vitamin D or vitamin D analog, respectively) which is released by the vaginal composition according to the invention. In most embodiments, the amount of an active ingredient released by a vaginal composition according to the invention is also the amount of the said active ingredient which is comprised in the said composition.
  • the “daily dosage delivery” or “daily delivery amount” of a given active ingredient comprised therein is the amount of the said active ingredient comprised in the dosage unit which is to be administered.
  • vaginal composition aimed at releasing a given daily amount of an active ingredient during a period of time of, e.g., seven days, shall comprise an amount of the said active ingredient which is at least seven times the said given daily amount.
  • estradiol equivalent means that the specified amount of estrogen is expressed as the amount in estradiol equivalent value, the said equivalency being described elsewhere in the present specification.
  • vitamin D equivalent means that the specified amount of vitamin D or analog is expressed as the amount in vitamin D equivalent value, the said equivalency being described elsewhere in the present specification.
  • a daily dosage of vitamin D ranging from 7.5 ⁇ g to 100 ⁇ g consists of a daily dosage ranging from 300 IU to 4000 IU of vitamin D, as it is well known in the art.
  • the said vaginal composition comprises calcitriol or calcipotriol at a daily dosage delivery ranging from 0.075 ⁇ g to 1.000 ⁇ g, which corresponds to 7.5 ⁇ g to 100 ⁇ g of vitamin D equivalent.
  • a daily dosage of calcitriol or calcipotriol ranging from 0.075 ⁇ g to 1.00 ⁇ g encompasses a daily dosage of calcitriol or calcipotriol ranging from 0.25 ⁇ g to 1.00 ⁇ g, and a daily dosage of calcitriol or calcipotriol ranging from 0.5 ⁇ g to 1.00 ⁇ g,
  • the combination of estrogen and vitamin D or vitamin D analog is the sole combination of active ingredients inducing an effect on vaginal atrophy that is comprised in a vaginal composition according to the invention.
  • a vaginal composition does not comprise any selective estrogen receptor modulator compound (also termed “SERM”), such as raloxifene, tamoxifen, clomifene, ormeloxifene, toremifene, lasofoxifene or ospemifene.
  • SERM selective estrogen receptor modulator compound
  • estrogen and vitamin D or vitamin D analog are the sole active ingredients comprised in a vaginal composition according to the invention.
  • a vaginal composition according to the invention may comprise one or more estrogens.
  • a vaginal composition comprising estrogen at a daily dosage ranging from 2 ⁇ g to 10 ⁇ g of estradiol equivalent comprises estrogen at a daily dosage amount ranging from 0.029 ⁇ g/kg to 0.142 ⁇ g/kg of estradiol equivalent, based on a woman weighing 70 kg.
  • the vaginal composition comprises estrogen at a daily dosage ranging from 1 ⁇ g to 10 ⁇ g of estradiol equivalent comprises estrogen at a daily dosage amount ranging from 0.014 ⁇ g/kg to 0.142 ⁇ g/kg of estradiol equivalent, based on a woman weighing 70 kg.
  • the vaginal composition comprises estrogen at a daily dosage ranging from 1 ⁇ g to 100 ⁇ g of estradiol equivalent comprises estrogen at a daily dosage amount ranging from 0.014 ⁇ g/kg to 1.42 ⁇ g/kg of estradiol equivalent, based on a woman weighing 70 kg.
  • a vaginal composition according to the invention comprises only one estrogen.
  • a vaginal composition according to the invention comprises an amount of estrogen for a daily dosage delivery of an amount of estradiol equivalent ranging from 2 ⁇ g to 7.5 ⁇ g. According to these embodiments, a vaginal composition according to the invention comprises an amount of estradiol equivalent ranging from 0.029 ⁇ g/kg to 0.11 ⁇ g/kg, based on a woman weighing 70 kg.
  • a vaginal composition according to the invention comprises an amount of estrogen for a daily dosage delivery of an amount of estradiol equivalent ranging from 1 ⁇ g to 7.5 ⁇ g. According to these embodiments, a vaginal composition according to the invention comprises an amount of estradiol equivalent ranging from 0.014 ⁇ g/kg to 0.11 ⁇ g/kg, based on a woman weighing 70 kg.
  • a vaginal composition according to the invention comprises vitamin D or an analog thereof at a daily dosage delivery of vitamin D or analog ranging from 7.5 ⁇ g to 100 ⁇ g of vitamin D equivalent.
  • vitamin D analog is calcitriol.
  • a vaginal composition according to the invention comprises calcitriol at a daily dosage delivery ranging from 0.075 ⁇ g to 1.000 ⁇ g of calcitriol.
  • a vaginal composition according to the invention comprises calcitriol at a daily dosage delivery ranging from 0.25 ⁇ g to 1.00 ⁇ g of calcitriol.
  • a vaginal composition according to the invention comprises calcitriol at a daily dosage ranging from 0.50 ⁇ g to 1.00 ⁇ g of calcitriol.
  • a vaginal composition as described herein comprises a combination of estradiol and calcitriol at a daily dosage delivery of (i) estradiol ranging from 1 ⁇ g to 10 ⁇ g and (ii) calcitriol ranging from 0.25 ⁇ g to 1 ⁇ g.
  • vaginal composition encompasses a pharmaceutical composition for local administration of the active ingredients in view of the release of these active ingredients at the expected amount at the vaginal mucosa.
  • the said composition is under a pharmaceutical form comprising the daily dosage amount of the combined estrogen and vitamin D or analog active ingredients.
  • the said composition is under a pharmaceutical form comprising an amount of the combined estrogen and vitamin D or analog that represents a plurality of daily dosage amounts, the said pharmaceutical form releasing each day the required daily amount of the said combined active ingredients.
  • a vaginal composition according to the invention comprises an amount of estrogen allowing the release of a daily amount of estrogen ranging from 1 ⁇ g to 100 ⁇ g estrogen of estradiol equivalent, which encompasses of a daily amount of estrogen ranging from 1 ⁇ g to 7.5 ⁇ g estrogen of estradiol equivalent.
  • the daily dosage delivery of estrogen ranges from 1 ⁇ g to 70 ⁇ g.
  • the daily dosage delivery of estrogen ranges from 1 ⁇ g to 10 ⁇ g.
  • a vaginal composition according to the invention comprises an amount of estrogen allowing the release of a daily amount of estrogen ranging from 2 ⁇ g to 10 ⁇ g estrogen of estradiol equivalent, which encompasses of a daily amount of estrogen ranging from 2 ⁇ g to 7.5 ⁇ g estrogen of estradiol equivalent.
  • a vaginal composition according to the invention comprises an amount of vitamin D or analog allowing the release of a daily amount of the said vitamin D or analog ranging from 7.5 ⁇ g to 100 ⁇ g of vitamin D equivalent.
  • a vaginal composition according to the invention comprises an amount of vitamin D or analog allowing the release of a daily amount of the said vitamin D or analog ranging from 7.5 ⁇ g to 100 ⁇ g of vitamin D equivalent. In some embodiments, a vaginal composition according to the invention comprises an amount of vitamin D or analog allowing the release of a daily amount of the said vitamin D or analog ranging from 7.5 ⁇ g to 25 ⁇ g of vitamin D equivalent. In some embodiments, a vaginal composition according to the invention comprises an amount of vitamin D or analog allowing the release of a daily amount of the said vitamin D or analog ranging from 15 ⁇ g to 100 ⁇ g of vitamin D equivalent. In some embodiments, a vaginal composition according to the invention comprises an amount of vitamin D or analog allowing the release of a daily amount of the said vitamin D or analog ranging from 15 ⁇ g to 25 ⁇ g of vitamin D equivalent
  • a vaginal composition according to the invention comprises (i) an amount of estradiol allowing the release of a daily amount of estradiol ranging from 1 ⁇ g to 10 ⁇ g. and (ii) an amount of calcitriol allowing the release of a daily amount of calcitriol ranging from 0.25 ⁇ g and 1.000 ⁇ g.
  • the combination of estrogen and vitamin D or vitamin D analog is further combined with one or more physiologically acceptable excipients.
  • the one or more physiological excipients are present in a quantity sufficient so as to amount at 100% of the weight of the vaginal composition, or alternatively at 100% of the volume of the vaginal composition, depending on the amount unit which is used.
  • a daily unit dosage of the said vaginal composition comprises (i) an estrogen at an amount ranging from 1 ⁇ g to 100 ⁇ g of estradiol equivalent and (ii) vitamin D or analog ranging from 7.5 ⁇ g to 100 ⁇ g of vitamin D equivalent.
  • a daily unit dosage of the said vaginal composition comprises (i) an estrogen at an amount ranging from 1 ⁇ g to 100 ⁇ g of estradiol equivalent and (ii) vitamin D or analog ranging from 15 ⁇ g to 100 ⁇ g of vitamin D equivalent. In some aspects of these embodiments, a daily unit dosage of the said vaginal composition comprises (i) an estrogen at an amount ranging from 1 ⁇ g to 100 ⁇ g of estradiol equivalent and (ii) vitamin D or analog ranging from 15 ⁇ g to 25 ⁇ g of vitamin D equivalent.
  • a daily unit dosage of the said vaginal composition comprises (i) an estrogen at an amount ranging from 1 ⁇ g to 10 ⁇ g of estradiol equivalent and (ii) vitamin D or analog ranging from 7.5 ⁇ g to 100 ⁇ g of vitamin D equivalent. In some aspects of these embodiments, a daily unit dosage of the said vaginal composition comprises (i) an estrogen at an amount ranging from 1 ⁇ g to 7.5 ⁇ g of estradiol equivalent and (ii) vitamin D or analog ranging from 7.5 ⁇ g to 100 ⁇ g of vitamin D equivalent.
  • a daily unit dosage of the said vaginal composition comprises (i) an estrogen at an amount ranging from 1 ⁇ g to 10 ⁇ g of estradiol equivalent and (ii) vitamin D or analog ranging from 15 ⁇ g to 100 ⁇ g of vitamin D equivalent. In still some further aspects of these embodiments, a daily unit dosage of the said vaginal composition comprises (i) an estrogen at an amount ranging from 1 ⁇ g to 7.5 ⁇ g of estradiol equivalent and (ii) vitamin D or analog ranging from 15 ⁇ g to 100 ⁇ g of vitamin D equivalent.
  • a daily unit dosage of the said vaginal composition comprises (i) an estrogen at an amount ranging from 1 ⁇ g to 10 ⁇ g of estradiol equivalent and (ii) vitamin D or analog ranging from 15 ⁇ g to 25 ⁇ g of vitamin D equivalent. In still some further aspects of these embodiments, a daily unit dosage of the said vaginal composition comprises (i) an estrogen at an amount ranging from 1 ⁇ g to 7.5 ⁇ g of estradiol equivalent and (ii) vitamin D or analog ranging from 15 ⁇ g to 25 ⁇ g of vitamin D equivalent.
  • a vaginal composition according to the invention a daily unit dosage of the said vaginal composition comprises (i) estradiol at an amount ranging from 1 ⁇ g to 10 ⁇ g and (ii) calitriol or calcipotriol at an amount ranging from 0.075 ⁇ g to 1.000 ⁇ g.
  • a daily unit dosage of the said vaginal composition comprises (i) an estradiol at an amount ranging from 1 ⁇ g to 7.5 ⁇ g and (ii) calitriol or calcipotriol ranging from 0.075 ⁇ g to 1.00 ⁇ g.
  • a daily unit dosage of the said vaginal composition comprises (i) an estradiol at an amount ranging from 1 ⁇ g to 10 ⁇ g and (ii) calcitriol or calcipotriol ranging from 0.5 ⁇ g to 1.00 ⁇ g. In still some further aspects of these embodiments, a daily unit dosage of the said vaginal composition comprises (i) an estradiol at an amount ranging from 1 ⁇ g to 7.5 ⁇ g and (ii) calitriol or calcipotriol ranging from 0.5 ⁇ g to 4.00 ⁇ g.
  • a daily unit dosage of the said vaginal composition comprises (i) an estradiol at an amount ranging from 1 ⁇ g to 10 ⁇ g of and (ii) calitriol or calcipotriol ranging from 0.25 ⁇ g to 1.00 ⁇ g. In still some further aspects of these embodiments, a daily unit dosage of the said vaginal composition comprises (i) an estradiol at an amount ranging from 1 ⁇ g to 7.5 ⁇ g and (ii) calitriol or calcipotriol ranging from 0.25 ⁇ g to 1.00 ⁇ g.
  • a daily unit dosage of the said vaginal composition comprises (i) an estradiol at an amount ranging from 1 ⁇ g to 10 ⁇ g of and (ii) calitriol or calcipotriol ranging from 0.5 ⁇ g to 1.00 ⁇ g. In still some further aspects of these embodiments, a daily unit dosage of the said vaginal composition comprises (i) an estradiol at an amount ranging from 1 ⁇ g to 7.5 ⁇ g and (ii) calitriol or calcipotriol ranging from 0.5 ⁇ g to 1.00 ⁇ g.
  • a vaginal composition according to the invention a daily unit dosage of the said vaginal composition comprises (i) estradiol at an amount ranging from 1 ⁇ g to 10 ⁇ g and (ii) calitriol at an amount ranging from 0.25 ⁇ g to 1.000 ⁇ g.
  • the said vaginal composition comprises an amount of the combined active ingredients which is at minimum a multiple of the required daily dosage that is released by the said delivery system or by the said vaginal ring.
  • the vaginal composition may comprise at minimum a combination of estrogen and vitamin D or a vitamin D analog at a daily dosage delivery of (i) estrogen ranging from 15 ⁇ g to 1500 ⁇ g estrogen of estradiol equivalent and (ii) vitamin D or analog ranging from 112.5 ⁇ g to 1500 ⁇ g of vitamin D equivalent.
  • the vaginal composition may comprise at minimum a combination of estrogen and vitamin D or a vitamin D analog at a daily dosage delivery of (i) estrogen ranging from 30 ⁇ g to 150 ⁇ g estrogen of estradiol equivalent and (ii) vitamin D or analog ranging from 112.5 ⁇ g to 1500 ⁇ g of vitamin D equivalent.
  • the amount of each of the combined active ingredients is preferably higher than the sole amount required for the time period wherein the delivery system is located in the vaginal cavity, so as to ensure that the required daily amount of the combined active ingredients will be actually released and will remain as constant as possible during the whole said time period.
  • estradien encompasses estrogenic steroids selected in a group comprising estradiol (17- ⁇ -estradiol), estradiol valerate, estradiol benzoate, estradiol 17 ⁇ -cypionate, estradiol dipropionate, estradiol enanthate, estropipate, equilenin, equilin, estriol, estriol succinate, estrone, ethinyl estradiol, estetrol, quinestrol, quinestranol, conjugated estrogens (equine or synthetic), esterified estrogens, and mixtures thereof.
  • the estrogen may be selected, for example, from a group comprising of ethinyl estradiol, 17-[beta]-estradiol, conjugated estrogens, mestranol, estetrol, estrone and esters, prodrugs and salts thereof.
  • An exemplary ester is estradiol acetate.
  • Preferred salts of estrone include, but are not limited to the sodium, sulfate and piperate salt.
  • conjugated estrogens 1.25 mg conjugated estrogens is equivalent to a daily dose of 15 ⁇ g ethinyl estradiol.
  • the most preferred estrogen is estradiol.
  • estradiol equivalent potency is well understood and readily accomplished by those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the one skilled in the art may refer to the European patent application no EP 0253607 or to the PCT application no WO 2007/089733.
  • 30 ⁇ g of ethinyl estradiol is roughly equivalent to 60 ⁇ g of mestranol or 2 mg of 17 beta estradiol.
  • the estrogen is estradiol
  • estradiol refers to (17beta)-estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17-diol. Estradiol is also interchangeably called 17beta-estradiol, oestradiol, or E2.
  • the estradiol starting product for manufacturing a vaginal composition according to the invention may be provided in an anhydrous or hemi-hydrate form.
  • the anhydrous form or the hemihydrate form can be substituted for the other by accounting for the water or lack of water according to well-known and understood techniques
  • estradiol means that the estradiol or a portion thereof is solubilized or dissolved in one or more solubilizing agent(s) for preparing a vaginal composition disclosed herein.
  • Solubilized estradiol may include estradiol that is about 80% solubilized, about 85% solubilized, about 90% solubilized, about 95% solubilized, about 96% solubilized, about 97% solubilized, about 98% solubilized, about 99% solubilized or about 100% solubilized.
  • the estradiol is “fully solubilized” with all or substantially all of the estradiol being solubilized or dissolved in the solubilizing agent.
  • Fully solubilized estradiol may include estradiol that is about 97% solubilized, about 98% solubilized, about 99% solubilized or about 100% solubilized. Solubility can be expressed as a mass fraction (% w/w, which is also referred to as wt %).
  • estradiol is used in a micronized form.
  • micronized estradiol include micronized micronized estradiol having an X 50 particle size value below about 15 microns or having an X 90 particle size value below about 25 microns.
  • X 50 means that one-half of the particles in a sample are smaller in diameter than a given number.
  • micronized estradiol having an X 50 of 5 microns means that, for a given sample of micronized estradiol, one-half of the particles have a diameter of less than 5 microns.
  • X 90 means that ninety percent (90%) of the particles in a sample are smaller in diameter than a given number.
  • vitamin D analog is a compound that binds to the vitamin D receptor (VDR).
  • Tests for determining the ability of a vitamin D analog or of a vitamin D receptor modulator to bind to the vitamin D receptor are well known to the person skilled in the art.
  • this ability may be evaluated by measuring the specific binding of the said analog or of the vitamin D receptor modulator on a cell extract.
  • soluble cell extract obtained by sonication is incubated with increasing concentration of vitamin D analog or of vitamin D receptor modulator.
  • Bounds and free analogs can be separated by the hydroxylapatite method.
  • Specific binding may be calculated by subtracting non-specific binding obtained in the presence of an excess 1,25-(OH)2D3 from the total binding measured in absence of 1,25-(OH)2D3 (Skowronski et al. (1995) Endocrynology 136 (1): 20-26).
  • active form of vitamin D is known as 1 ⁇ ,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH) 2 D3 or calcitriol).
  • vitamin D analogs encompass cholecalciferol (also termed as vitamin D3) and ergocalciferol (also termed as vitamin D2) and their metabolites as well as synthetic cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol analogs.
  • These synthetic cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol analogs comprise such categories of compounds as the 5,6 trans-cholecalciferols and 5,6 trans-ergocalciferols, the fluorinated cholecalciferols, the side chain homologated cholecalciferols and side chain homologated 22 cholecalciferols, the side chain truncated cholecalciferols, the 19-nor cholecalciferols and ergocalciferols and the 10,19-dihydrovitamin D compounds.
  • Some specific examples include but are not limited to cholecalciferol (vitamin D3, calciol), ergocalciferol (vitamin D2, ercalciol), alphacalcidol (1 alpha-hydroxy vitamin D3), calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), calcitriol (1,25-dihyroxyvitamin D3), calcifediol, calcipotriol (calcipotriene), 22-oxacalcitriol (OCT), paricalcitol (19-Nor-1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2), doxercalciferol eldecalcitol, dihydrotachysterol-2 (DHT-2).
  • DHT-2 dihydrotachysterol-2
  • the vitamin D analog 22-oxacalcitriol differs from 1,25(OH) 2 D3 by virtue of an oxygen atom replacing carbon-22 on the side chain.
  • Paricalcitol is a vitamin D2 derived sterol lacking the carbon-19 methylene group found in all natural vitamin D metabolites.
  • Doxercalciferol (1 ⁇ -hydroxyvitamin D2) is a pro-drug which is hydroxylated in the liver to 1 ⁇ ,25(OH) 2 D2.
  • Dihydrotachysterol-2 (DHT-2), hydroxylated in vivo to 25(OH)DHT2 is also of interest for a vaginal composition according to the invention.
  • Vitamin D and vitamin D analogs are well known by the one skilled in the art, as well as their respective methods of synthesis. Further, vitamin D and analogs thereof are commercially available to the one skilled in the art.
  • Vaginal compositions according to the invention may be provided in various pharmaceutical forms that are suitable for the local delivery of the combined estrogen and vitamin D or vitamin D analog to the vaginal mucosa.
  • suppositories such as ovules, capsules and tablets
  • solutions creams, foams, gels, films and vaginal rings.
  • Intravaginal delivery systems are described in patents and patent applications such as U.S. Pat. No. 6,086,908, no US 2005/0276836, U.S. Pat. No. 6,086,909, no EP 0889724, U.S. Pat. No. 7,004,171, no US 2008/193428 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,989,581, wherein intravaginal release systems are described and between the alternatives vaginal rings are mentioned.
  • a vaginal composition according to the invention may be also provided in syringe-like applicators for local vaginal administration.
  • Vaginal cream compositions are for example described in the patent applications and patents no EP 2849735, WO 2006/023496 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,514,698.
  • Vaginal tablet compositions are for example described in the patent applications and patents no WO 2015/135915, US 2011/159091, U.S. Pat. No. 3,062,715 and EP 0900564.
  • Vaginal film compositions are for example described in the patent applications no WO 2004/103232 and US 2005/070501.
  • a vaginal composition according to the invention may be provided as a vaginal cream or gel, a vaginal suppository (such as a vaginal ovule, a vaginal capsule, a vaginal tablet), or may be comprised in a vaginal delivery system such as a transmucosal device, a sponge-like device or a vaginal ring.
  • a vaginal suppository such as a vaginal ovule, a vaginal capsule, a vaginal tablet
  • a vaginal delivery system such as a transmucosal device, a sponge-like device or a vaginal ring.
  • vaginal suppository encompasses a vaginal ovule, a vaginal tablet or a vaginal capsule.
  • Vaginal suppositories are known in the art, and may be made of glycerin, fatty acids, and similar type substances that dissolve at body temperature. As the suppository dissolves, the combined estrogen and vitamin D or vitamin D analog will be released.
  • a vaginal suppository comprises an inert vehicle.
  • inert vehicle refers to a vehicle which brings the active substance, in this case lactic acid or a salt thereof in contact with the vaginal tissue.
  • the inert vehicle enables the fabrication of a suppository which is relatively solid at room temperature and in a dry environment, but which melts at body temperature and in contact with body fluids.
  • Any inert vehicle which has the above characteristics may be used, but typically polyethylene glycol (PEG) is used.
  • the inert vehicle comprises polyethylene glycol 600 and polyethylene glycol 4000.
  • the ratio between PEG 600 and PEG 4000 may be varied which allows for the dissolution time of the vaginal suppositories to be varied.
  • the properties of the inert vehicle determines the dissolution time of the vaginal suppositories in the vagina.
  • a vaginal composition according to the invention is under the form of an ovule, e.g. a pharmaceutical form wherein the said combined estrogen and vitamin D or vitamin D analog are comprised within a lipophilic suppository base.
  • an ovule e.g. a pharmaceutical form wherein the said combined estrogen and vitamin D or vitamin D analog are comprised within a lipophilic suppository base.
  • the one skilled in the art may prepare a vaginal composition according to the invention starting from a lipophilic suppository base such as the starting suppository composition marketed under the name Ovucire® by the French company Gatefossé.
  • An ovule of the present invention may be prepared according to a method comprising the steps of:
  • a vaginal composition according to the invention may be provided under the form of a vaginal cream or a vaginal gel.
  • a “gel” is a colloid in which a disperse phase combines with a dispersion medium to produce a jelly-like, solid or semi-solid material.
  • water is usually employed as the dispersion medium for the gel to optimize biocompatibility.
  • Non-aqueous solvents including glycols, such as propylene glycol, butylene glycol, triethylene glycol, hexylene glycol, polyethylene glycols, ethoxydiglycol, and dipropyleneglycol; alcohols, such as ethanol, n-propanol, and isopropanol; triglycerides; ethyl acetate; acetone; triacetin; and combinations thereof.
  • the dispersion medium e.g., water
  • the dispersion medium constitutes greater than about 75 wt/vol %, in some embodiments greater than about 90 wt/vol %, and in some embodiments, from about 95 wt/vol % to about 99 wt/vol % of the vaginal treatment composition.
  • a vaginal composition according to the invention may be comprised in specific delivery systems such as transmucosal delivery systems or also in vaginal ring delivery systems.
  • transmucosal refers to delivery, administration or application of a drug by means of direct contact with skin or mucosa. Such delivery, administration or application is also known as transmucosal.
  • mucosa includes vaginal mucosa.
  • transmucosal drug delivery system refers to a system (e.g., a device) comprising a composition that releases the combination of estrogen and vitamin D or vitamin D analog upon application to the vaginal mucosa.
  • a transmucosal drug delivery system may comprise a backing layer, a drug-containing layer, and a release liner layer.
  • the transdermal drug delivery system is a substantially non-aqueous, solid form, capable of conforming to the surface with which it comes into contact, and capable of maintaining such contact so as to facilitate topical application on the vaginal mucosa without adverse physiological response, and without being appreciably decomposed by aqueous contact during topical application to a subject.
  • the transmucosal drug delivery system comprises a drug-containing polymer matrix that comprises a pressure-sensitive adhesive or bioadhesive, and is adopted for direct application to a user's (e.g., a subject's) skin.
  • the polymer matrix is non-adhesive and may be provided with separate adhesion means (such as a separate adhesive layer) for application and adherence to the user's vaginal mucosa.
  • Transmucosal delivery systems are notably described in the patent applications and patents such as CN 102641548, WO 2005/016321, WO 2004/067063, U.S. Pat. No. 5,204,108, US 2004/043071 and JP 3 705 620.
  • polymer matrix refers to a polymer composition which contains one or more drugs.
  • the matrix comprises a pressure-sensitive adhesive polymer or a bioadhesive polymer.
  • the matrix does not comprise a pressure-sensitive adhesive or bioadhesive.
  • a polymer is an “adhesive” if it has the properties of an adhesive per se, or if it functions as an adhesive by the addition of tackifiers, plasticizers, crosslinking agents or other additives.
  • the polymer matrix comprises a pressure-sensitive adhesive polymer or a bioadhesive polymer, with estrogen dissolved or dispersed therein.
  • the polymer matrix also may comprise tackifiers, plasticizers, crosslinking agents or other additives.
  • a vaginal composition according to the invention may also be comprised in a vaginal ring.
  • vaginal ring devices Many of vaginal ring devices known by the one skilled in the art may be used for the purpose of the present invention.
  • a vaginal ring delivery system for use with a vaginal composition according to the invention may be manufactured as it follows. A homogeneous blend of all the ingredients to be injected into the ring molds was prepared. First the required amounts of each ingredient were weighed: Polymer A, release modifier agent, if applicable, and meloxicam. These ingredients were mixed until homogenization and the polymer B was added under constant mixing. The mixture was injected into ring molds at room temperature and then kept in an oven at 105° C. for 1 hour. Subsequently molds were cooled and the formed rings were disassembled from their respective molds obtaining the final product.
  • Vaginal rings and methods for preparing the same are notably described in the patent applications and patents WO 2016/054002, EP 2 799042, US 2015/328319, WO 2011/011099, WO 2013/098591 and US 2013/269706.
  • the present invention further relates to a method for preventing or treating vaginal atrophy, which method comprises a step of administering a vaginal composition as described in the present specification to a woman in need thereof.
  • this invention to a method for preventing or treating vaginal atrophy comprising a step of administering, to a woman in need thereof, a vaginal composition comprising a combination of estrogen and vitamin D or a vitamin D analog at a daily dosage delivery of (i) estrogen ranging from 1 ⁇ g to 100 ⁇ g estrogen of estradiol equivalent and (ii) vitamin D or analog ranging from 7.5 ⁇ g to 100 ⁇ g of vitamin D equivalent.
  • the daily dosage delivery of estrogen ranges from 1 ⁇ g to 70 ⁇ g.
  • the daily dosage delivery of estrogen ranges from 1 ⁇ g to 10 ⁇ g.
  • the said vaginal composition comprises estradiol and calcitriol at a daily dosage delivery of (i) estradiol ranging from 1 ⁇ g to 10 ⁇ g and (ii) calitriol ranging from 0.25 ⁇ g to 1.000 ⁇ g.
  • the invention also relates to a method for preventing or treating vaginal atrophy comprising a step of administering, to a woman in need thereof, a vaginal composition comprising a combination of estrogen and vitamin D or a vitamin D analog at a daily dosage delivery of (i) estrogen ranging from 2 ⁇ g to 10 ⁇ g estrogen of estradiol equivalent and (ii) vitamin D or analog ranging from 7.5 ⁇ g to 100 ⁇ g of vitamin D equivalent.
  • the said estrogen is estradiol.
  • the said vitamin D or vitamin D analog is selected in a group comprising calcitriol and calcipotriol.
  • the said vaginal composition is liquid, solid or semi-solid.
  • the said vaginal composition is a cream or a gel composition.
  • the said vaginal composition is presented as daily unit dosage form selected in a group comprising a capsule, an ovule, a tablet and a suppository.
  • the said vaginal composition is comprised in a delivery device selected in a group comprising a transmucosal device and a vaginal ring.
  • the vaginal composition is under the form of a cream, a gel or a suppository (such as a capsule, an ovule or a tablet), the said composition is preferably administered at least once daily, which includes one daily administration of the vaginal composition.
  • the said transmucosal delivery system or the said vaginal ring is placed in the vaginal cavity at defined periodicity and the vaginal composition is continuously released from the transmucosal delivery system or vaginal ring at a rate which is appropriate for releasing the combined estrogen and vitamin D or vitamin D analog at a daily dosage delivery of (i) estrogen ranging from 1 ⁇ g to 10 ⁇ g estrogen of estradiol equivalent and (ii) vitamin D or analog ranging from 7.5 ⁇ g to 100 ⁇ g of vitamin D equivalent.
  • the vaginal composition is comprised in a transmucosal delivery system or a vaginal ring, the said transmucosal delivery system or the said vaginal ring is placed in the vaginal cavity at defined periodicity and the vaginal composition is continuously released from the transmucosal delivery system or vaginal ring at a rate which is appropriate for releasing the combined estradiol and calcitriol at a daily dosage delivery of (i) estradiol ranging from 1 ⁇ g to 10 ⁇ g and (ii) calcitriol ranging from 0.25 ⁇ g to 1 ⁇ g.
  • the said transmucosal delivery system or the said vaginal ring is placed in the vaginal cavity at defined periodicity and the vaginal composition is continuously released from the transmucosal delivery system or vaginal ring at a rate which is appropriate for releasing the combined estrogen and vitamin D or vitamin D analog at a daily dosage delivery of (i) estrogen ranging from 2 ⁇ g to 10 ⁇ g estrogen of estradiol equivalent and (ii) vitamin D or analog ranging from 7.5 ⁇ g to 100 ⁇ g of vitamin D equivalent.
  • the said transmucosal delivery system or the said vaginal ring is placed in the vaginal cavity at defined periodicity and the vaginal composition is continuously released from the transmucosal delivery system or vaginal ring at a rate which is appropriate for releasing the combined estradiol and calcitriol at a daily dosage delivery of (i) estradiol ranging from 1 ⁇ g to 10 ⁇ and (ii) calcitriol ranging from 0.25 ⁇ g to 1 ⁇ g of vitamin D equivalent.
  • the invention further relates to the use of a composition comprising a combination of estrogen and vitamin D or vitamin D analog at a daily dosage delivery of (i) estrogen ranging from 1 ⁇ g to 100 ⁇ g estrogen of estradiol equivalent and (ii) vitamin D or analog ranging from 7.5 ⁇ g to 100 ⁇ g of vitamin D equivalent for treating vaginal atrophy.
  • the daily dosage delivery of estrogen ranges from 1 ⁇ g to 70 ⁇ g.
  • the daily dosage delivery of estrogen ranges from 1 ⁇ g to 10 ⁇ g.
  • the invention further relates to the use of a composition comprising a combination of estradiol and calcitriol at a daily dosage delivery of (i) estradiol ranging from 1 ⁇ g to 100 ⁇ g and (ii) calcitriol ranging from 0.075 ⁇ g to 1 ⁇ g as a vaginal pharmaceutical composition.
  • the daily dosage delivery of estrogen ranges from 1 ⁇ g to 70 ⁇ g.
  • the daily dosage delivery of estrogen ranges from 1 ⁇ g to 10 ⁇ g.
  • the invention further relates to the use of a composition comprising a combination of estradiol and calcitriol at a daily dosage delivery of (i) estradiol ranging from 1 ⁇ g to 100 ⁇ g and (ii) calcitriol ranging from 0.075 ⁇ g to 1 ⁇ g for treating vaginal atrophy.
  • the daily dosage delivery of estrogen ranges from 1 ⁇ g to 10 ⁇ g.
  • Ovariectomized rat is an animal model of estrogen deficiency that has been used to evaluate vaginal effects of different products such as ospemifene or DHEA.
  • Dose response of ospemifene in the rat was consistent with that observed in clinical studies, showing that this animal model is a highly predictive model of ospemifene activity in postmenopausal vulvovaginal atrophy (Unkila M et al., J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2013 November; 138:107-15.).
  • Vaginal effects of intravaginal application of DHEA has also been studied in this animal model (Berger L et al., J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2008 March; 109(1-2):67-80. Berger L et al., J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2005 July; 96 (2):201-15.).
  • Occurrence of vaginal atrophy as well as degree of vaginal atrophy shall be assessed through the use of a plurality of markers which are the following:
  • Systemic effect of a local hormonal treatment shall be assessed by measurement of the uterus weight after chronic treatment.
  • Ovucire® (Ref 3460—Gattefosse, France) as the starting material.
  • Ovucire® material is a blend of semi-synthetic glycerides comprising a mixture of saturated C 12 -C 18 triglyceride fatty acids and additives. More precisely, this starting material is a mixture of hard fat EP/NF/JPE (and) glyceryl ricinoleate (and) ethoxylated fatty alcohols (ceteth-20, steareth-20) EP/NF
  • the melting point of Ovucire® is in the range of 32.5° C.-34.0° C.
  • Ovucire® starting material is under the form of waxy solid pellets at temperature of the laboratory.
  • the ovules are prepared by using a conventional technique. Ovules are stored refrigerated until the time of their usage.
  • the acclimated rats undergo a bilateral ovariectomy (at “Day 0”), so as to induce an experimental menopause.
  • the ovariectomized rats are divided in five distinct groups of at least eight animals per group, respectively:
  • Each of the Groups 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of ovariectomized rats receives the indicated treatment during a period of time of six weeks (thus until Day 63).
  • the body weight of each tested animal is monitored twice a week.
  • Vaginal pH of each tested animal is monitored the day before the first treatment, and in all cases the day following the last treatment (at Day 64).
  • VMI Vaginal Maturation Index
  • vagina tissue material is paraffin-embedded. Slices of the paraffin-embedded vaginal tissue are stained for studying and measuring the vaginal epithelium thickness as well as the vaginal epithelium morphology.
  • vagina tissue material is rapidly stored at ⁇ 80° C. for further experiment.
  • the median local estradiol dose has been calculated from the minimal marketed daily dose effective in women, namely 7.5 ⁇ g. Dosing was calculated utilizing weight-based comparisons with human dosage as previously published in similar studies (Montoya T I et al., 2015; Biol Reprod.; 92 (2):43). The dose in a 70 kg women delivers 7.5 ⁇ g. By weight comparison, this translates into 0.11 ⁇ g/kg, and consequently into a 0.043 ⁇ g estradiol dose in a 400 g animal.
  • the minimum estradiol dose has been calculated by the same method from 2 ⁇ g in women; by weight comparison, this translates into 0.01 ⁇ g estradiol dose in a 400 g animal.
  • Dose of estradiol tested in animals is selected in the range of 0.01 ⁇ g to 0.4 ⁇ g estradiol dose in a 400 g animal.
  • the dose of calcitriol has been calculated by the same method.
  • the dose of calcitriol chosen in women is 0.075 ⁇ g to 1.00 ⁇ g. By weight comparison, this translates into 0.0004 ⁇ g to 0.006 ⁇ g.
  • Vaginal tissue is then separated into two parts:
  • VMI Vaginal Maturation Index
  • each sample is smeared on one slide and fixed using a special cytology fixative (labofix-VWR ref 13356770).
  • Papanicolaou stain (RAL diagnostics) is performed to assess a VMI.
  • VMI is assessed as a ratio obtained through performing a random count of 3 major cell types.
  • VMI % leucocytes, % nucleated cells, % cornified cells.
  • nucleated cells comprise parabasal cells and intermediate cells. Cornified cells consist of the superficial cells.
  • Vaginal tissue is embedded in paraffin, sectioned and stained with hematoxylin/eosine (2 slides/rat) using a fully automated multi-stainer system for histological analysis, the Multistainer ST5020 in conjunction with the CV5030 Coverslipper marketed by the Company Leica Biosystems (Germany).
  • Epithelium thickness was measured as it directly illustrates the effect of a given treatment on vaginal atrophy. As shown in FIG. 2 , a 0.4 ⁇ g dose of estradiol induces a high increase in the vaginal epithelium thickness, as compared to placebo (the dashed line in FIG. 2 ). Calcitriol alone, irrespective of the dose which has been tested, did not cause any change in the vaginal epithelium thickness. However, when a low dose of estradiol was combined to a non-active dose of calcitriol, a substantial increase in the vaginal epithelium thickness was observed. FIG.
  • VMI Vaginal Maturation Index
  • FIG. 3A illustrates a histological view of the vaginal epithelium of an ovariectomized rat having received locally placebo-containing ovules only.
  • FIG. 3A shows the stratum germinativum which is composed of stratum basale as a single layer of columnar cells and outer stratum spinosum (the darker external cell layer in FIG. 3A ) as multiple layers of polyhedral cells.
  • the cornified cells layer locates as the thin and discontinuous extreme outer cell layer in FIG. 3A .
  • FIGS. 3B and 3D show that a 0.02 ⁇ g dose of estradiol does not cause a detectable change in the cornified cell layer, whereas the histological photographs of FIGS. 3C and 3D illustrate that the cornified cell layer have a thickness and a density which increase with the increasing doses of 0.08 ⁇ g and 0.4 ⁇ g estradiol.
  • results depicted in FIG. 3 show that although calcitriol induced no significant change in the content of the vaginal epithelium cornified cells, irrespectively of the doses which were tested, even the combination of the lowest doses of estradiol and calcitriol, respectively, causes a high increase in the cornified cells content, which denotes a highly positive effect on the maturation of the vaginal epithelium, i.e. a recovery of the mature vaginal epithelium structure, and thus a recovery from the experimentally-induced vaginal atrophy.
  • the calcium plasma level was significantly increased at the doses of 0.08 ⁇ g and 0.1 ⁇ g, respectively.
  • the said combined treatment may allow substantially avoiding undesirable side effects, such as (i) significant systemic presence of estradiol and (ii) plasma calcium level increase.

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