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US20190062995A1 - Drainage foil for use in an installation for producing a paper web with a fabric belt, which can be moved over a multiplicity of drainage foils oriented transversely to its direction of movement - Google Patents

Drainage foil for use in an installation for producing a paper web with a fabric belt, which can be moved over a multiplicity of drainage foils oriented transversely to its direction of movement Download PDF

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Publication number
US20190062995A1
US20190062995A1 US16/109,034 US201816109034A US2019062995A1 US 20190062995 A1 US20190062995 A1 US 20190062995A1 US 201816109034 A US201816109034 A US 201816109034A US 2019062995 A1 US2019062995 A1 US 2019062995A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
drainage
drainage foil
profiling
foils
fabric belt
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Abandoned
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US16/109,034
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Klaus Bartelmuss
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Individual
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21FPAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F1/00Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F1/48Suction apparatus
    • D21F1/52Suction boxes without rolls
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21FPAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F1/00Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F1/48Suction apparatus
    • D21F1/483Drainage foils and bars
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21FPAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F1/00Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F1/0027Screen-cloths
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21FPAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F1/00Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F1/18Shaking apparatus for wire-cloths and associated parts
    • D21F1/20Shaking apparatus for wire-cloths and associated parts in Fourdrinier machines
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21FPAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F1/00Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F1/48Suction apparatus
    • D21F1/52Suction boxes without rolls
    • D21F1/523Covers thereof
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21FPAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F7/00Other details of machines for making continuous webs of paper

Definitions

  • the actual invention further relates to a kit and an installation for producing a paper web.
  • Known installations for producing a paper web have a closed loop fabric belt which is kept circulating by transport rollers and onto which, at the start of the installation, a fibrous stock is sprayed.
  • the fabric belt is moved over drainage foils and over suction boxes formed with drainage foils, by which liquid that has emerged from the fibrous stock is stripped off and sucked away.
  • the paper web produced on the fabric belt is dried by use of felt belts.
  • the drainage foils found in such an installation which are oriented transversely to the direction of movement of the fabric belt, are foils produced from metal or from plastic which, on their upper side which faces the fabric belt in the operating position, can be provided with an overlay of a wear-resistant material, in particular of plane-ground ceramic plates.
  • the ceramic plates consist in particular of Al oxide, of Zr oxide, of Si nitride and of Si carbide.
  • wedge-shaped interspaces can be in this case formed between the surfaces of the drainage foils and the fabric belt, which interspaces enlarge in the direction of movement of the fabric belt, which means that, because of the movement of the fabric belt, a suction action is exerted on the fibrous stock found on the latter, by means of which liquid found in the fibrous stock is sucked away.
  • a second group of drainage foils there are suction boxes, by which a suction action is likewise exerted on the fibrous stock found on the fabric belt. The liquid that has escaped from the fibrous stock as a result is led away through the suction boxes.
  • the fabric belt rests on the surfaces of the drainage foils or on the ceramic plates found on the latter, as a result of which high frictional resistances are caused, which have to be overcome by the transport rolls.
  • the surfaces of the drainage foils and the fabric belt are subjected to high wear, for which reason the drainage foils and the fabric belt have only short service lives.
  • the actual invention is based on the object of devising a drainage foil by means of which, during operation of such a fabric belt installation, the frictional resistances occurring between the fabric belt and the individual drainage foils are reduced.
  • this object is achieved in that the surface of the drainage foils is formed with a defined profiling, which has elevations and/or depressions, wherein the vertical extent of the profiling is at least 0.1 mm.
  • the elevations and the depressions can be implemented and/or distributed randomly or in a non-concretely defined manner.
  • the elevations and the depressions have a defined profiling and/or are distributed in a defined manner on the surface, since more specific influencing of the friction is therefore possible.
  • the drainage foil is formed on its surface assigned to the fabric belt in the operating position with a multiplicity of ceramic plates located beside one another which, on their surface, are formed with defined profiling in the form of elevations and/or of depressions, wherein the vertical extent of the profiling is at least 0.1 mm.
  • the vertical extent is up to 3 mm, preferably up to 2.5 mm or up to 1.6 mm, in particular 0.2 mm up to 0.8 mm.
  • the surface of the drainage foil can be formed with profiling oriented in the longitudinal extent of the drainage foil or enclosing an acute angle with the latter.
  • the profiling preferably has the shape of ribs that are triangular in cross section, rectangular foils or wave-like foils, other profilings also being possible in the context of the invention, however.
  • the profilings of ceramic plates located beside one another can be offset with respect to one another both in and also transversely to the longitudinal direction of the drainage foil and/or different.
  • the longitudinal extent of the elevations and/or the depressions can enclose an angle of 0° to 80° with the longitudinal direction of the drainage foil.
  • the profiling can be formed by depressions located at a distance from one another, in particular by cut-outs that are concave in cross section or cylindrical holes.
  • the surface of the drainage foils can also have a convex curvature in the section transverse to the longitudinal extent of the drainage foil, wherein, in the invention, it is preferred for the curvature to have a radius of 100 mm to 500 mm, preferably of 200 mm to 350 mm.
  • the side edges of the surface of the drainage foil are rounded in cross section with a radius of 0.5 mm to 5 mm, preferably of 1 mm to 3 mm.
  • the surfaces that face the fabric belt in the operating position which, in particular, are coated with ceramic plates, are plane-ground, having surface roughness values Ra of 0.15 ⁇ m to 0.7 ⁇ m. Because of the plane grinding of the surfaces of the ceramic plates and the low roughness values achieved hereby, according to the known prior art the frictional resistances occurring between the surfaces of the drainage foils, in particular the surfaces of the ceramic plates, and the fabric belt moved over the latter should be minimized.
  • the actual invention is based on the finding that, with a substantially intensified profiling of the surfaces with defined elevations and depressions, bow waves occur in the liquid which is located in the depressions as a result of the fabric belt moved over the drainage foils, by which waves the fabric belt in the regions of the elevations is raised above the latter, there being a layer of liquid between the fabric belt and the elevations, by which the frictional resistances occurring between the fabric belt and the elevations are reduced significantly.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic, sectional view of an installation for producing a paper web with a fabric belt, which is moved over drainage foils and a suction box located underneath, in a section located in the longitudinal direction of the movement of the fabric belt;
  • FIG. 1A is an illustration of detail X from FIG. 1 on a scale highly enlarged with respect to FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of a drainage foil according to the invention in an axonometric illustration
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the drainage foil according to FIG. 2 on a scale highly enlarged with respect to FIG. 2 ;
  • FIG. 3A is an illustration corresponding to FIG. 1A to explain a mode of action of the drainage foil according to FIG. 3 , on a scale highly enlarged with respect to FIG. 3 ;
  • FIGS. 4, 4A and 4B are cross-sectional views of three further embodiments of the drainage foil according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a plan view of a further embodiment of a drainage foil according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5A is a cross-section view taken along the line V-V from FIG. 5 ;
  • FIG. 6 is a plan view of another embodiment of the drainage foil according to the invention.
  • FIG. 6A is a sectional view taken along the line VI-VI from FIG. 6 ;
  • FIG. 6B is a sectional view of yet another embodiment of the drainage foil according to the invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a sectional view of the drainage foil according to the invention according to FIG. 2 and on a scale enlarged with respect to FIG. 2 ;
  • FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a section of an installation for producing a paper web, formed with drainage foils according to the invention, with a fabric belt moved over the drainage foils and with a further formation of the surfaces of the drainage foils;
  • FIG. 8A is a sectional view showing a detail Y from FIG. 8 , on a scale highly enlarged with respect to FIG. 8 .
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a section of a fabric belt 1 in an installation for producing a paper web, on which a layer of a fibrous stock 2 is found and which is moved in the direction of arrow M over a group of drainage foils 3 .
  • the fibrous stock 2 is sprayed onto the fabric belt 1 at the start of the latter.
  • the drainage foils 3 are each formed on their upper side with an overlay 4 made of a wear-resistant material. Underneath the drainage foils 3 there is a suction box 5 , in an interior 51 of which there is a vacuum of about ⁇ 2 mbar to ⁇ 700 mbar.
  • the drainage foils 3 are located on a supporting frame 52 , which is detachably fixed to the upper side of the suction box 5 .
  • the fabric belt 1 which extends over a length of up to about 50 m and can have a width of 2 m up to 12 m, is moved over the drainage foils 3 at a speed of, for example, 1 m/s to 40 m/s by means of transport rolls located in the installation.
  • the drainage foils 3 are usually but not necessarily produced from acid-resistant stainless steel, from a plastic, e.g. from polyethylene, or from a glass fiber reinforced plastic.
  • the suction box 5 is generally likewise produced from acid-resistant stainless steel.
  • the overlays 4 found on the supporting bars 3 are preferably plates made of a ceramic material, e.g. Al oxide (hardness HV 0.5 18,000 N/mm 2 ), Zr oxide (hardness HV 0.5 12,700 N/mm 2 ), Si nitride (hardness HV 0.5 18,800 N/mm 2 ), Si carbide (hardness HV 0.5 28,150 N/mm 2 ).
  • FIG. 1A illustrates the drainage foil 3 having the wear-resistant overlay 4 and the fabric belt 1 moved over the latter, on which the fibrous stock 2 is found.
  • the fabric belt 1 which consists of a fabric, e.g. of polyamide or of polyester, has warp threads 1 a oriented in the longitudinal direction of the fabric belt 1 and weft threads 1 b oriented in the transverse direction of the fabric belt 1 .
  • the drainage foils 3 can be formed on their upper side, facing the fabric belt 1 in the operating position, with a multiplicity of ceramic plates, which have lengths of, for example, 12 mm to 230 mm in the direction of the drainage foils and widths of, for example, 12 mm to 100 mm transverse to the drainage foils, and also heights of, for example, 2 mm to 10 mm.
  • the hardnesses of the ceramic plates are preferably HVO,5 12,700 N/mm 2 to HVO,5 28,150 N/mm 2 .
  • the surfaces of the drainage foils 3 are plane-ground according to the prior art, having surface roughness values Ra of 0.15 ⁇ m to 0.7 ⁇ m.
  • FIG. 2 shows a drainage foil 3 according to the invention.
  • the drainage foil 3 differs from a drainage foil according to the prior art in the fact that the ceramic plates 41 found on its upper side are formed with elevations and/or depressions on their upper side facing the fabric belt 1 in an installation for producing a paper web, wherein the height difference of the elevations with respect to the depressions is 0.1 mm to 1.6 mm.
  • the elevations and depressions in embodiments of the invention that are particularly preferred and described below in various variants have a profiling with a defined cross-sectional shape and distribution over the surface of the ceramic plates 4 .
  • the dimensions and the material of the ceramic plates 41 are preferably those according to the above-described known prior art.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a first embodiment of the ceramic plate 41 found on a drainage foil 3 according to the invention, which is formed with a profiling on its surface.
  • the ceramic plate 41 which in the direction of movement M of the fabric belt 1 has a width B of, for example, 8 mm to 70 mm, preferably of 12 mm to 25 mm, and a height of, for example, 2 mm to 10 mm, is provided on its surface with ribs 42 extending in the longitudinal direction of the drainage foil 3 , triangular or saw-tooth-like in cross section and having upper edges 45 , wherein depressions 43 are found in the regions of the flanks located between the edges 45 .
  • the width B 1 of a rib 42 is, for example, 1 mm to 16 mm, preferably 2 mm to 6 mm, and the height difference T between the edges 45 of the ribs 42 and the bottom of the depressions 43 is at least 0.1 mm, preferably up to 1.6 mm, particularly preferably 0.2 mm to 0.8 mm.
  • the lateral regions 44 of the ceramic plate 41 which have a width A of, for example, 1 mm to 8 mm, preferably of 2 mm to 6 mm, are likewise formed flatly.
  • the surface of the ceramic plate 41 is formed with a defined profiling according to the invention, consisting of elevations and depressions, wherein the ribs 42 that are saw-tooth-like in cross section form the elevations with the edges 45 , and the regions of the flanks of the saw-tooth-like ribs 42 located between the edges 45 form the depressions 43 .
  • the described formation of the surface of the drainage foils 3 is based on the finding that, as a result of the relatively large elevations and depressions formed according to the invention, the frictional resistances occurring during the movement of the fabric belt 1 over the drainage foils are reduced down to about 50%, which means firstly that a significant reduction in the drive power for the fabric belt 1 can be achieved and secondly the service lives of the fabric belt 1 and of the drainage foils 3 are substantially prolonged.
  • this action is achieved in that first the fabric belt 1 in the regions of the depressions 43 does not rest on the surface of the drainage foil 3 or the surfaces of the ceramic plates 41 , which means that no frictional resistances occur in these regions, and that, second, because of the movement of the fabric belt 1 , bow waves 61 occur in the liquid 6 found in the depressions 43 , by means of which the fabric belt 1 in the regions of the elevations 42 , in particular the edges 45 , is lifted over the latter, and by means of which liquid gets between the elevations and the fabric belt 1 , by means of which the frictional resistances between the elevations and the fabric belt 1 are reduced highly.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a further embodiment of the ceramic plate 41 a profiled in a defined manner according to the invention and having a width B, in which, between the lateral regions 44 a which form the elevations and which have a width A of, for example, 1 mm to 8 mm, preferably of 2 mm to 6 mm, there is a depression 43 a , the depth of which with respect to the lateral regions 44 a is at least 0.1 mm to preferably 2.5 mm, particularly preferably 0.2 mm to 0.8 mm.
  • elevations in the form of ribs 42 b of rectangular cross section and depressions in the form of rectangular grooves 43 b which have widths B 2 and B 3 of, for example, 1 mm to 10 mm, preferably 2 mm to 8 mm, are located between the lateral regions 44 b having a width A, wherein the height difference T 2 between the elevations formed by the ribs 42 b and the depressions formed by the grooves 43 b is at least 0.1 mm to preferably 3.0 mm, particularly preferably 0.2 mm to 0.8 mm.
  • the ceramic plate 41 c according to the invention having a width B
  • the distance B 4 between two depressions 43 c is, for example, 1 mm to 20 mm, preferably 2 mm to 8 mm
  • the height difference T 3 between the upper sides of the ribs 42 c and the bottoms of the depressions 43 c is at least 0.1 mm to preferably 3.0 mm, particularly preferably 0.2 mm to 0.8 mm.
  • the elevations 44 a , 42 b , 42 c and depressions 43 a , 43 b , 43 c of the embodiments of the invention illustrated in FIG. 4 to FIG. 4B are oriented in the longitudinal direction of the drainage foil 3 and preferably extend over the entire length of the ceramic plates 41 a , 41 b , 41 c.
  • the defined profiling is formed by elevations in the form of rectangular ribs 42 d and depressions located in between in the form of rectangular grooves 43 d , which have widths B 5 and B 6 of, for example, 1 mm to 10 mm, preferably of about 2 mm to 8 mm, and a height difference T 4 of at least 0.1 mm to preferably 3.0 mm, particularly preferably of 0.2 mm to 0.8 mm.
  • the longitudinal extent of the ribs 42 d and the depressions 43 d found in between encloses an angle W 1 of 0° to 80°, preferably of 30° to 55°, with the longitudinal extent of the drainage foil 3 .
  • the plates are formed with profilings in the form of concave cut-outs 43 e and cylindrical cut-outs 43 f located close beside one another on a substantially flat surface, possibly somewhat curved as described below, which are spaced apart from one another.
  • the distances B 7 between the centers of two cut-outs 43 e and 43 f located beside one another are, in this case for example, 1 mm to 20 mm, preferably 2 mm to 12 mm, and the depths T 5 of the cut-outs are at least 0.1 mm to preferably 3.0 mm, particularly preferably 0.2 mm to 0.8 mm.
  • the cut-outs can also have another shape, both in plan view and also in cross section, in particular an elongate or elliptical shape.
  • the ceramic plate 41 g according to the invention illustrated in FIG. 7 corresponds to the embodiment according to FIG. 3 , having ribs 42 g that are saw-tooth-like in cross section and having edges 45 g which form the elevations, and depressions 43 g in the regions of the flanks of the saw-tooth-like ribs 42 g , wherein the lateral regions 44 g having a width F of, for example, 1 mm to 20 mm, preferably of 2 mm to 8 mm, are formed so as to fall obliquely toward the outside with an angle of, for example, 2° to 10°, preferably of 3° to 6°, and, in addition, the outer edges are rounded with a radius R of, for example, 0.5 mm to 5 mm, preferably of 1 mm to 3 mm.
  • a further embodiment of a drainage foil according to the invention is now explained.
  • the surfaces of drainage foils are formed flat and the surfaces of drainage foils found on suction boxes are located in a common plane.
  • the fabric belt is drawn into the interspaces found between the drainage foils.
  • the two lateral regions of the surfaces of the drainage foils in particular of the overlays of a wear-resistant material found on the latter, for example ceramic plates, are loaded more highly than is the case for the central regions of the surfaces of the drainage foils, located in between.
  • the surfaces of the ceramic plates 4 a found on the drainage foils 3 a have a curvature or are formed convexly in cross section, which means that the fabric belt 1 overall assumes a wave-like course.
  • the drainage foils 3 a are located on a supporting frame 52 a , which is detachably fixed to the suction box 5 .
  • the radius R 1 of the curved surfaces of convex cross section of the ceramic plates 4 a located on the drainage foils 3 a is, for example, 100 mm to 500 mm, preferably 200 mm to 350 mm.
  • the side edges of the drainage foils 3 a are rounded, the radius R 2 of the rounding of the side edges being, for example, 0.5 mm to 5 mm, preferably 1 mm to 3 mm.
  • This further formation of the drainage foils 3 a is in particular combined with the profiling of the surface of the drainage foils, which can be provided with a wear-resistant overlay 4 a , e.g. with ceramic plates, as is explained above by using FIG. 2 to FIG. 7 .
  • drainage foils according to the invention is in particular advantageous in those drainage foils which are located on a suction box.
  • the drainage foils can be provided with overlays of ceramic plates. However, the drainage foils can also be produced overall from polyethylene, not being coated with ceramic plates. In addition, the surfaces, in this case, are formed with a profiling in the form of elevations and/or depressions with a vertical extent of at least 0.1 mm to preferably 3.0 mm.

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  • Container, Conveyance, Adherence, Positioning, Of Wafer (AREA)

Abstract

A drainage foil for use in an installation for producing a paper web with a fabric belt, which can be moved over a multiplicity of drainage foils oriented transversely to a direction of movement. A surface of the drainage foil is formed with a defined profiling, which has elevations and/or depressions. The vertical extent of the profiling is at least 0.1 mm.

Description

    CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
  • This application claims the priority, under 35 U.S.C. § 119, of Austrian patent application A 344/2017, filed Aug. 28, 2017; the prior application is herewith incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention
  • The actual invention further relates to a kit and an installation for producing a paper web.
  • Known installations for producing a paper web have a closed loop fabric belt which is kept circulating by transport rollers and onto which, at the start of the installation, a fibrous stock is sprayed. In a first region of the installation, the fabric belt is moved over drainage foils and over suction boxes formed with drainage foils, by which liquid that has emerged from the fibrous stock is stripped off and sucked away. In further regions of the installation, the paper web produced on the fabric belt is dried by use of felt belts.
  • The drainage foils found in such an installation, which are oriented transversely to the direction of movement of the fabric belt, are foils produced from metal or from plastic which, on their upper side which faces the fabric belt in the operating position, can be provided with an overlay of a wear-resistant material, in particular of plane-ground ceramic plates. The ceramic plates consist in particular of Al oxide, of Zr oxide, of Si nitride and of Si carbide. The fabric belt is moved over the drainage foils at a speed of 1 m/s to 40 m/s. By means of the drainage foils, first the fabric belt is supported. Second, the drainage foils serve to strip off from the fabric belt liquid that has escaped from the fibrous stock and is found on the underside of the fabric belt. By means of an oblique position of a first group of drainage foils with respect to the fabric belt, wedge-shaped interspaces can be in this case formed between the surfaces of the drainage foils and the fabric belt, which interspaces enlarge in the direction of movement of the fabric belt, which means that, because of the movement of the fabric belt, a suction action is exerted on the fibrous stock found on the latter, by means of which liquid found in the fibrous stock is sucked away. Underneath a second group of drainage foils there are suction boxes, by which a suction action is likewise exerted on the fibrous stock found on the fabric belt. The liquid that has escaped from the fibrous stock as a result is led away through the suction boxes.
  • During the movement of the fabric belt over the drainage foils, the fabric belt rests on the surfaces of the drainage foils or on the ceramic plates found on the latter, as a result of which high frictional resistances are caused, which have to be overcome by the transport rolls. In addition, as a result the surfaces of the drainage foils and the fabric belt are subjected to high wear, for which reason the drainage foils and the fabric belt have only short service lives.
  • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • The actual invention is based on the object of devising a drainage foil by means of which, during operation of such a fabric belt installation, the frictional resistances occurring between the fabric belt and the individual drainage foils are reduced. According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the surface of the drainage foils is formed with a defined profiling, which has elevations and/or depressions, wherein the vertical extent of the profiling is at least 0.1 mm. Within the scope of the invention, the elevations and the depressions can be implemented and/or distributed randomly or in a non-concretely defined manner. However, in the invention it is preferred if the elevations and the depressions have a defined profiling and/or are distributed in a defined manner on the surface, since more specific influencing of the friction is therefore possible. Preferably but not necessarily, the drainage foil is formed on its surface assigned to the fabric belt in the operating position with a multiplicity of ceramic plates located beside one another which, on their surface, are formed with defined profiling in the form of elevations and/or of depressions, wherein the vertical extent of the profiling is at least 0.1 mm.
  • According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the vertical extent is up to 3 mm, preferably up to 2.5 mm or up to 1.6 mm, in particular 0.2 mm up to 0.8 mm.
  • The surface of the drainage foil can be formed with profiling oriented in the longitudinal extent of the drainage foil or enclosing an acute angle with the latter. The profiling preferably has the shape of ribs that are triangular in cross section, rectangular foils or wave-like foils, other profilings also being possible in the context of the invention, however. Furthermore, the profilings of ceramic plates located beside one another can be offset with respect to one another both in and also transversely to the longitudinal direction of the drainage foil and/or different. In addition, the longitudinal extent of the elevations and/or the depressions can enclose an angle of 0° to 80° with the longitudinal direction of the drainage foil. Furthermore, the profiling can be formed by depressions located at a distance from one another, in particular by cut-outs that are concave in cross section or cylindrical holes.
  • According to the invention, the surface of the drainage foils can also have a convex curvature in the section transverse to the longitudinal extent of the drainage foil, wherein, in the invention, it is preferred for the curvature to have a radius of 100 mm to 500 mm, preferably of 200 mm to 350 mm.
  • Finally, it is preferred in the invention if the side edges of the surface of the drainage foil are rounded in cross section with a radius of 0.5 mm to 5 mm, preferably of 1 mm to 3 mm.
  • In known drainage foils, the surfaces that face the fabric belt in the operating position, which, in particular, are coated with ceramic plates, are plane-ground, having surface roughness values Ra of 0.15 μm to 0.7 μm. Because of the plane grinding of the surfaces of the ceramic plates and the low roughness values achieved hereby, according to the known prior art the frictional resistances occurring between the surfaces of the drainage foils, in particular the surfaces of the ceramic plates, and the fabric belt moved over the latter should be minimized.
  • By contrast, the actual invention is based on the finding that, with a substantially intensified profiling of the surfaces with defined elevations and depressions, bow waves occur in the liquid which is located in the depressions as a result of the fabric belt moved over the drainage foils, by which waves the fabric belt in the regions of the elevations is raised above the latter, there being a layer of liquid between the fabric belt and the elevations, by which the frictional resistances occurring between the fabric belt and the elevations are reduced significantly.
  • Further preferred embodiments of the invention are the subject matter of the remaining sub claims.
  • Other features which are considered as characteristic for the invention are set forth in the appended claims.
  • Although the invention is illustrated and described herein as embodied in a drainage foil for use in an installation for producing a paper web with a fabric belt, which can be moved over a multiplicity of drainage foils oriented transversely to its direction of movement, it is nevertheless not intended to be limited to the details shown, since various modifications and structural changes may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the invention and within the scope and range of equivalents of the claims.
  • The construction and method of operation of the invention, however, together with additional objects and advantages thereof will be best understood from the following description of specific embodiments when read in connection with the accompanying drawings.
  • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic, sectional view of an installation for producing a paper web with a fabric belt, which is moved over drainage foils and a suction box located underneath, in a section located in the longitudinal direction of the movement of the fabric belt;
  • FIG. 1A is an illustration of detail X from FIG. 1 on a scale highly enlarged with respect to FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of a drainage foil according to the invention in an axonometric illustration;
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the drainage foil according to FIG. 2 on a scale highly enlarged with respect to FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 3A is an illustration corresponding to FIG. 1A to explain a mode of action of the drainage foil according to FIG. 3, on a scale highly enlarged with respect to FIG. 3;
  • FIGS. 4, 4A and 4B are cross-sectional views of three further embodiments of the drainage foil according to the invention;
  • FIG. 5 is a plan view of a further embodiment of a drainage foil according to the invention;
  • FIG. 5A is a cross-section view taken along the line V-V from FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 6 is a plan view of another embodiment of the drainage foil according to the invention;
  • FIG. 6A is a sectional view taken along the line VI-VI from FIG. 6;
  • FIG. 6B is a sectional view of yet another embodiment of the drainage foil according to the invention;
  • FIG. 7 is a sectional view of the drainage foil according to the invention according to FIG. 2 and on a scale enlarged with respect to FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a section of an installation for producing a paper web, formed with drainage foils according to the invention, with a fabric belt moved over the drainage foils and with a further formation of the surfaces of the drainage foils; and
  • FIG. 8A is a sectional view showing a detail Y from FIG. 8, on a scale highly enlarged with respect to FIG. 8.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • Referring now to the figures of the drawings in detail and first, particularly to FIG. 1 thereof, there is shown a section of a fabric belt 1 in an installation for producing a paper web, on which a layer of a fibrous stock 2 is found and which is moved in the direction of arrow M over a group of drainage foils 3. The fibrous stock 2 is sprayed onto the fabric belt 1 at the start of the latter. The drainage foils 3 are each formed on their upper side with an overlay 4 made of a wear-resistant material. Underneath the drainage foils 3 there is a suction box 5, in an interior 51 of which there is a vacuum of about −2 mbar to −700 mbar. The drainage foils 3 are located on a supporting frame 52, which is detachably fixed to the upper side of the suction box 5.
  • The fabric belt 1, which extends over a length of up to about 50 m and can have a width of 2 m up to 12 m, is moved over the drainage foils 3 at a speed of, for example, 1 m/s to 40 m/s by means of transport rolls located in the installation.
  • The drainage foils 3 are usually but not necessarily produced from acid-resistant stainless steel, from a plastic, e.g. from polyethylene, or from a glass fiber reinforced plastic. The suction box 5 is generally likewise produced from acid-resistant stainless steel. The overlays 4 found on the supporting bars 3 are preferably plates made of a ceramic material, e.g. Al oxide (hardness HV 0.5 18,000 N/mm2), Zr oxide (hardness HV 0.5 12,700 N/mm2), Si nitride (hardness HV 0.5 18,800 N/mm2), Si carbide (hardness HV 0.5 28,150 N/mm2).
  • As a result of the vacuum prevailing in the interior 51 of the suction box 5, a suction force is exerted on the fibrous stock 2, by which liquid 6 contained in the latter is extracted. The liquid 6 escaping from the fibrous stock 2 passes through the fabric belt 1 and reaches the underside of the fabric belt 1, from which, during the movement of the fabric belt 1 over the drainage foils 3, it is stripped off the latter and reaches the suction box 5, through which it is led away.
  • FIG. 1A illustrates the drainage foil 3 having the wear-resistant overlay 4 and the fabric belt 1 moved over the latter, on which the fibrous stock 2 is found. As can be seen herefrom, the fabric belt 1, which consists of a fabric, e.g. of polyamide or of polyester, has warp threads 1 a oriented in the longitudinal direction of the fabric belt 1 and weft threads 1 b oriented in the transverse direction of the fabric belt 1.
  • During the movement of the fabric belt 1 over the drainage foils 3 in the direction of the arrow M, during which the fabric belt 1 rests on the surface of the overlays 4 of the drainage foils 3, high frictional resistances occur, which have to be overcome by the transport rolls found in the fabric belt installation in order to move the fabric belt 1. In addition, in this case, high wear of the fabric belt 1 and of the drainage foils 3 and of the overlays 4 is caused, which means that the fabric belt 1 and the drainage foils 3 have only short service lives. During the movement of the fabric belt 1 over the drainage foils 3, bow waves 61 are formed in the liquid 6 that has escaped from the fabric belt 1, in front of the weft threads 1 b resting on the drainage foils 3.
  • According to the prior art, the drainage foils 3 can be formed on their upper side, facing the fabric belt 1 in the operating position, with a multiplicity of ceramic plates, which have lengths of, for example, 12 mm to 230 mm in the direction of the drainage foils and widths of, for example, 12 mm to 100 mm transverse to the drainage foils, and also heights of, for example, 2 mm to 10 mm. The hardnesses of the ceramic plates are preferably HVO,5 12,700 N/mm2 to HVO,5 28,150 N/mm2. In order to keep the frictional resistances which occur during the movement of a fabric belt 2 over the drainage foils 3 as low as possible, the surfaces of the drainage foils 3, in particular the ceramic plates 4, are plane-ground according to the prior art, having surface roughness values Ra of 0.15 μm to 0.7 μm.
  • FIG. 2 shows a drainage foil 3 according to the invention. The drainage foil 3 differs from a drainage foil according to the prior art in the fact that the ceramic plates 41 found on its upper side are formed with elevations and/or depressions on their upper side facing the fabric belt 1 in an installation for producing a paper web, wherein the height difference of the elevations with respect to the depressions is 0.1 mm to 1.6 mm. The elevations and depressions in embodiments of the invention that are particularly preferred and described below in various variants have a profiling with a defined cross-sectional shape and distribution over the surface of the ceramic plates 4. The dimensions and the material of the ceramic plates 41 are preferably those according to the above-described known prior art.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a first embodiment of the ceramic plate 41 found on a drainage foil 3 according to the invention, which is formed with a profiling on its surface. The ceramic plate 41, which in the direction of movement M of the fabric belt 1 has a width B of, for example, 8 mm to 70 mm, preferably of 12 mm to 25 mm, and a height of, for example, 2 mm to 10 mm, is provided on its surface with ribs 42 extending in the longitudinal direction of the drainage foil 3, triangular or saw-tooth-like in cross section and having upper edges 45, wherein depressions 43 are found in the regions of the flanks located between the edges 45. The width B1 of a rib 42 is, for example, 1 mm to 16 mm, preferably 2 mm to 6 mm, and the height difference T between the edges 45 of the ribs 42 and the bottom of the depressions 43 is at least 0.1 mm, preferably up to 1.6 mm, particularly preferably 0.2 mm to 0.8 mm. The lateral regions 44 of the ceramic plate 41, which have a width A of, for example, 1 mm to 8 mm, preferably of 2 mm to 6 mm, are likewise formed flatly. Thus, the surface of the ceramic plate 41 is formed with a defined profiling according to the invention, consisting of elevations and depressions, wherein the ribs 42 that are saw-tooth-like in cross section form the elevations with the edges 45, and the regions of the flanks of the saw-tooth-like ribs 42 located between the edges 45 form the depressions 43.
  • The described formation of the surface of the drainage foils 3, in particular of the surfaces of the ceramic plates 41, particularly preferably but not necessarily with a defined profiled surface, is based on the finding that, as a result of the relatively large elevations and depressions formed according to the invention, the frictional resistances occurring during the movement of the fabric belt 1 over the drainage foils are reduced down to about 50%, which means firstly that a significant reduction in the drive power for the fabric belt 1 can be achieved and secondly the service lives of the fabric belt 1 and of the drainage foils 3 are substantially prolonged.
  • As can be seen from FIG. 3A, which corresponds to the illustration of FIG. 1A, this action is achieved in that first the fabric belt 1 in the regions of the depressions 43 does not rest on the surface of the drainage foil 3 or the surfaces of the ceramic plates 41, which means that no frictional resistances occur in these regions, and that, second, because of the movement of the fabric belt 1, bow waves 61 occur in the liquid 6 found in the depressions 43, by means of which the fabric belt 1 in the regions of the elevations 42, in particular the edges 45, is lifted over the latter, and by means of which liquid gets between the elevations and the fabric belt 1, by means of which the frictional resistances between the elevations and the fabric belt 1 are reduced highly.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a further embodiment of the ceramic plate 41 a profiled in a defined manner according to the invention and having a width B, in which, between the lateral regions 44 a which form the elevations and which have a width A of, for example, 1 mm to 8 mm, preferably of 2 mm to 6 mm, there is a depression 43 a, the depth of which with respect to the lateral regions 44 a is at least 0.1 mm to preferably 2.5 mm, particularly preferably 0.2 mm to 0.8 mm.
  • In the further embodiment, illustrated in FIG. 4A, of the ceramic plate 41 b according to the invention having a width B, elevations in the form of ribs 42 b of rectangular cross section and depressions in the form of rectangular grooves 43 b, which have widths B2 and B3 of, for example, 1 mm to 10 mm, preferably 2 mm to 8 mm, are located between the lateral regions 44 b having a width A, wherein the height difference T2 between the elevations formed by the ribs 42 b and the depressions formed by the grooves 43 b is at least 0.1 mm to preferably 3.0 mm, particularly preferably 0.2 mm to 0.8 mm.
  • In the further embodiment, illustrated in FIG. 4B, of the ceramic plate 41 c according to the invention having a width B, there is a wave-like profiling with ribs 42 c and depressions 43 c that are concave in cross section located in between two lateral regions 44 c having a width A, wherein the distance B4 between two depressions 43 c is, for example, 1 mm to 20 mm, preferably 2 mm to 8 mm, and the height difference T3 between the upper sides of the ribs 42 c and the bottoms of the depressions 43 c is at least 0.1 mm to preferably 3.0 mm, particularly preferably 0.2 mm to 0.8 mm.
  • The elevations 44 a, 42 b, 42 c and depressions 43 a, 43 b, 43 c of the embodiments of the invention illustrated in FIG. 4 to FIG. 4B are oriented in the longitudinal direction of the drainage foil 3 and preferably extend over the entire length of the ceramic plates 41 a, 41 b, 41 c.
  • In the further embodiment of a ceramic plate 41 d according to the invention, illustrated in FIG. 5 and FIG. 5A, the defined profiling is formed by elevations in the form of rectangular ribs 42 d and depressions located in between in the form of rectangular grooves 43 d, which have widths B5 and B6 of, for example, 1 mm to 10 mm, preferably of about 2 mm to 8 mm, and a height difference T4 of at least 0.1 mm to preferably 3.0 mm, particularly preferably of 0.2 mm to 0.8 mm. The longitudinal extent of the ribs 42 d and the depressions 43 d found in between encloses an angle W1 of 0° to 80°, preferably of 30° to 55°, with the longitudinal extent of the drainage foil 3.
  • In the further embodiments of two ceramic plates 41 e, 41 f, according to the invention, illustrated in FIG. 6, FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B, the plates are formed with profilings in the form of concave cut-outs 43 e and cylindrical cut-outs 43 f located close beside one another on a substantially flat surface, possibly somewhat curved as described below, which are spaced apart from one another. The distances B7 between the centers of two cut-outs 43 e and 43 f located beside one another are, in this case for example, 1 mm to 20 mm, preferably 2 mm to 12 mm, and the depths T5 of the cut-outs are at least 0.1 mm to preferably 3.0 mm, particularly preferably 0.2 mm to 0.8 mm.
  • The cut-outs can also have another shape, both in plan view and also in cross section, in particular an elongate or elliptical shape.
  • The ceramic plate 41 g according to the invention illustrated in FIG. 7 corresponds to the embodiment according to FIG. 3, having ribs 42 g that are saw-tooth-like in cross section and having edges 45 g which form the elevations, and depressions 43 g in the regions of the flanks of the saw-tooth-like ribs 42 g, wherein the lateral regions 44 g having a width F of, for example, 1 mm to 20 mm, preferably of 2 mm to 8 mm, are formed so as to fall obliquely toward the outside with an angle of, for example, 2° to 10°, preferably of 3° to 6°, and, in addition, the outer edges are rounded with a radius R of, for example, 0.5 mm to 5 mm, preferably of 1 mm to 3 mm.
  • A further embodiment of a drainage foil according to the invention is now explained. According to the known prior art, the surfaces of drainage foils are formed flat and the surfaces of drainage foils found on suction boxes are located in a common plane. However, as a result of the fact that a suction action is exerted by the suction boxes on the fabric belt in the interspaces found between the drainage foils, the fabric belt is drawn into the interspaces found between the drainage foils. In this way, the two lateral regions of the surfaces of the drainage foils, in particular of the overlays of a wear-resistant material found on the latter, for example ceramic plates, are loaded more highly than is the case for the central regions of the surfaces of the drainage foils, located in between.
  • In order to achieve a uniform pressure distribution over the width of the drainage foils 3 a, as can be seen from FIG. 8 and FIG. 8A, the surfaces of the ceramic plates 4 a found on the drainage foils 3 a have a curvature or are formed convexly in cross section, which means that the fabric belt 1 overall assumes a wave-like course. The drainage foils 3 a are located on a supporting frame 52 a, which is detachably fixed to the suction box 5.
  • As can also be seen from FIG. 8A, the radius R1 of the curved surfaces of convex cross section of the ceramic plates 4 a located on the drainage foils 3 a is, for example, 100 mm to 500 mm, preferably 200 mm to 350 mm. In addition, the side edges of the drainage foils 3 a are rounded, the radius R2 of the rounding of the side edges being, for example, 0.5 mm to 5 mm, preferably 1 mm to 3 mm.
  • By means of such a formation of the surfaces of the drainage foils 3 a, in particular of ceramic plates 4 a found on the latter, a uniform distribution of the pressure exerted by the fabric belt 1 over the width of the drainage foils 3 a is effected, which likewise means firstly that the frictional resistances and secondly the wear of the fabric belt 1 and of the drainage foils 3 a are reduced.
  • This further formation of the drainage foils 3 a is in particular combined with the profiling of the surface of the drainage foils, which can be provided with a wear-resistant overlay 4 a, e.g. with ceramic plates, as is explained above by using FIG. 2 to FIG. 7.
  • The formation of drainage foils according to the invention is in particular advantageous in those drainage foils which are located on a suction box.
  • The drainage foils can be provided with overlays of ceramic plates. However, the drainage foils can also be produced overall from polyethylene, not being coated with ceramic plates. In addition, the surfaces, in this case, are formed with a profiling in the form of elevations and/or depressions with a vertical extent of at least 0.1 mm to preferably 3.0 mm.
  • As soon as the elevations have been ground off by the use of the drainage foils, the surfaces are re-machined to the effect that the height differences between the elevations and depressions required for the specified action are reproduced.
  • All the embodiments described in conjunction with overlays of a wear-resistant material, in particular ceramic, can also be used within the context of the invention in drainage foils which have overlays of another material, in particular materials not having such good wear properties, and likewise in drainage foils which have no overlays, in which the elevations and depressions are applied to or formed directly on the drainage foils.
  • All the embodiments illustrated and described can be combined wholly or partly with one another and with embodiments which have not actually been illustrated and described.

Claims (20)

1. A drainage foil for use in an installation for producing a paper web with a fabric belt, the fabric belt being moved over a multiplicity of drainage foils oriented transversely to a direction of movement, the drainage foil comprising:
a drainage foil body having a surface formed with a defined profiling, said defined profiling having elevations and/or depressions, and a vertical extent of said defined profiling is at least 0.1 mm.
2. The drainage foil according to claim 1, wherein said elevations and said depressions define said defined profiling and/or are distributed in a defined manner over said surface.
3. The drainage foil according to claim 1, wherein said drainage foil body has ceramic plates disposed beside one another and defining said surface of said drainage foil body, said elevations and/or said depressions are formed on a surface of said ceramic plates, wherein the vertical extent of said defined profiling is at least 0.1 mm.
4. The drainage foil according to claim 1, wherein the vertical extent of the defined profiling is up to 3.0 mm.
5. The drainage foil according to claim 1, wherein said surface is formed with said defined profiling oriented in a longitudinal extent of said drainage foil body or enclosing an acute angle with said drainage foil body in a form of ribs that are triangular in cross section.
6. The drainage foil according to claim 1, wherein said surface is formed with said defined profiling oriented in a longitudinal extent of said drainage foil body or enclosing an acute angle with said drainage foil body in a form of bars that are rectangular in cross section and rectangular grooves.
7. The drainage foil according to claim 1, wherein said surface is formed with said defined profiling oriented in a longitudinal extent of said drainage foil body or enclosing an acute angle with said drainage foil body in a form of bars that are wave-shaped in cross section.
8. The drainage foil according to claim 3, wherein said defined profiling of said ceramic plates disposed beside one another are offset with respect to one another transversely to a longitudinal direction of said drainage foil body.
9. The drainage foil according to claim 6, wherein a longitudinal extent of said elevations and/or said depressions enclose an angle of 0° to 80° with a longitudinal extent of said drainage foil body.
10. The drainage foil according to claim 1, wherein said defined profiling is formed by cut-outs formed in said surface and are concave in cross section and are disposed at a distance from one another or by cylindrical holes.
11. The drainage foil according to claim 1, wherein said surface has a convex curvature in a section transverse to a longitudinal extent of said drainage foil body.
12. The drainage foil according to claim 11, wherein said convex curvature has a radius of 100 mm to 500 mm.
13. The drainage foil according to claim 1, wherein said surface has side edges that are rounded in cross section with a radius of 0.5 mm to 5 mm.
14. The drainage foil according to claim 1, wherein the vertical extent of the profiling is up to 1.6 mm.
15. The drainage foil according to claim 1, wherein the vertical extent of the profiling is between 0.2 mm and 0.8 mm.
16. The drainage foil according to claim 6, wherein a longitudinal extent of said elevations and/or said depressions enclose an angle of 30° to 55° with the longitudinal extent of said drainage foil body.
17. The drainage foil according to claim 11, wherein said convex curvature has a radius of 200 mm to 350 mm.
18. The drainage foil according to claim 1, wherein said surface has side edges that are rounded in cross section with a radius of 1 mm to 3 mm.
19. A kit for an installation for producing a paper web, comprising:
a supporting frame configured to be detachable fixed on a suction box of the installation; and
drainage foils disposed on said supporting frame, said drainage foils each containing a drainage foil body having a surface formed with a defined profiling, said defined profiling having elevations and/or depressions, and a vertical extent of said defined profiling is at least 0.1 mm.
20. An installation for producing a paper web, comprising:
a plurality of drainage foils each containing a drainage foil body having a surface formed with a defined profiling, said defined profiling having elevations and/or depressions, and a vertical extent of said defined profiling is at least 0.1 mm; and
a fabric belt being moved over said plurality of drainage foils extending transversely to a direction of movement.
US16/109,034 2017-08-28 2018-08-22 Drainage foil for use in an installation for producing a paper web with a fabric belt, which can be moved over a multiplicity of drainage foils oriented transversely to its direction of movement Abandoned US20190062995A1 (en)

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ATA344/2017 2017-08-28
ATA344/2017A AT519874B1 (en) 2017-08-28 2017-08-28 Squeegee strip for use in a plant for making a paper tape, kit and apparatus for making a paper tape

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US (1) US20190062995A1 (en)
EP (1) EP3450625A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2019039125A (en)
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JPS612718Y2 (en) * 1981-03-28 1986-01-28
US4420370A (en) * 1982-07-19 1983-12-13 Jwi Ltd. Pulp agitating device and method having multiple protruding inserts
DE3513320A1 (en) * 1985-04-13 1986-10-23 Feldmühle AG, 4000 Düsseldorf SCREW BAR FOR A PAPER MACHINE
US4687549A (en) * 1986-01-08 1987-08-18 M/K Systems, Inc. Hydrofoil blade
DE3823882A1 (en) * 1988-07-14 1990-01-18 Feldmuehle Ag SLOT SUCTION
US5080760A (en) * 1989-06-08 1992-01-14 Jwi Ltd. Pressurized forming board
JP2586312Y2 (en) * 1990-03-13 1998-12-02 株式会社 堀河製作所 Papermaking foil
EP0704006B1 (en) * 1994-04-12 1998-09-23 Jwi Ltd Improved formation in a two fabric paper machine
US6126786A (en) * 1998-06-18 2000-10-03 White; James D. Apparatus and method of generating stock turbulence in a fourdrinier forming section

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JP2019039125A (en) 2019-03-14
EP3450625A1 (en) 2019-03-06
CN109423912A (en) 2019-03-05
AT519874B1 (en) 2018-11-15
RU2018130836A (en) 2020-02-27
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BR102018016901A2 (en) 2019-04-16
AT519874A4 (en) 2018-11-15

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