[go: up one dir, main page]

US20180133231A1 - Minocycline compounds for biodefense - Google Patents

Minocycline compounds for biodefense Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20180133231A1
US20180133231A1 US15/713,352 US201715713352A US2018133231A1 US 20180133231 A1 US20180133231 A1 US 20180133231A1 US 201715713352 A US201715713352 A US 201715713352A US 2018133231 A1 US2018133231 A1 US 2018133231A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
bacterium
compound
days
subject
species
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US15/713,352
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Michael P. Draper
S. Ken Tanaka
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Paratek Pharmaceuticals Inc
Original Assignee
Paratek Pharmaceuticals Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Paratek Pharmaceuticals Inc filed Critical Paratek Pharmaceuticals Inc
Priority to US15/713,352 priority Critical patent/US20180133231A1/en
Assigned to PARATEK PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. reassignment PARATEK PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DRAPER, MICHAEL, TANAKA, S. KEN
Publication of US20180133231A1 publication Critical patent/US20180133231A1/en
Priority to US16/798,500 priority patent/US11129839B2/en
Priority to US17/712,585 priority patent/US20230098554A1/en
Priority to US18/215,257 priority patent/US20240238315A1/en
Priority to US19/010,924 priority patent/US20250367219A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/65—Tetracyclines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C237/00—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups
    • C07C237/24—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring of the carbon skeleton
    • C07C237/26—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring of the carbon skeleton of a ring being part of a condensed ring system formed by at least four rings, e.g. tetracycline
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Definitions

  • Biological agents including various types of bacteria such as Bacillus anthracis and Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) anthracis, Franciscella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, Burkholderia mallei, Burkholderia pseudomallei , and Rickettsia prowazekii , can be used as weapons, which pose a material threat to the national security and public health in the United States.
  • Tetracyclines have proven clinical utilities as anti-bacterial agents. As a family they have a well-established record of safety and efficacy. Tetracyclines exert their anti-bacterial effects through multiple routes, including binding to the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome and inhibiting the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. Tetracyclines are known to be active against infections caused by various pathogens. In many cases tetracyclines are indicated for treatment and prophylaxis of diseases caused by these pathogens.
  • the present invention provides a method of treating a bacterial infection in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound, or a salt thereof, at a dose of about 10 mg to about 1000 mg, wherein the compound is Compound A′ of the following structural formula:
  • the bacterial infection is caused by a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon, such that the infection in the subject is treated.
  • the compound is Compound A of the following structural formula:
  • the bacterium is resistant to antibiotics that are typically used to treat infections caused by the bacterium.
  • the bacterium is in the form of a powder or an aerosol.
  • the bacterium is able to form spores.
  • the bacterium may be disseminated as spores, or via contamination of food or water supply.
  • the bacterium is selected from the group comprising:
  • bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus e.g., B. anthracis , including Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) anthrax strains
  • Brucella e.g., B. abortus, B. canis, B. ceti, B. inopinata, B. melitensis, B. microti, B. neotomae, B. ovis, B. pinnipedialis, B. suis
  • Shigella e.g., S. boydii, S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri and S. sonnei
  • Vibrio e.g., V. cholerae
  • Salmonella e.g., S. bongori and S. enterica
  • SDR Multi-Drug Resistant
  • the bacterium is selected from the group comprising:
  • bacterium belonging to the species Franciscella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, Burkholderia mallei, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Rickettsia prowazekii ; and
  • bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus e.g., B. anthracis , including Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) anthrax strains.
  • MDR Multi-Drug Resistant
  • the bacterium is selected from the group consisting of:
  • bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus e.g., B. anthracis , including Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) anthrax strains
  • Brucella e.g., B. abortus, B. canis, B. ceti, B. inopinata, B. melitensis, B. microti, B. neotomae, B. ovis, B. pinnipedialis, B. suis
  • Shigella e.g., S. boydii, S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri and S. sonnei
  • Vibrio e.g., V. cholerae
  • Salmonella e.g., S. bongori and S. enterica
  • SDR Multi-Drug Resistant
  • the bacterium is selected from the group consisting of:
  • bacterium belonging to the species Franciscella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, Burkholderia mallei, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Rickettsia prowazekii ; and
  • bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus e.g., B. anthracis , including Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) anthrax strains.
  • MDR Multi-Drug Resistant
  • the bacterium is selected from the group consisting of: Yersinia pestis, Burkholderia mallei and Bacillus anthracia.
  • the compound is administered once per day or twice per day.
  • the compound is administered intravenously or orally.
  • the compound is administered intravenously at the dose of about 50 mg to about 200 mg. In a further embodiment, the compound is administered at the dose of about 100 mg.
  • the compound is administered orally at the dose of about 100 to about 300 mg.
  • the method of the invention comprises administering the compound, e.g., Compound A′ or Compound A, for at least 3 days, at least 7 days, at least 14 days, at least 21 days, at least 30 days or at least 60 days. In a specific embodiment, the method comprises administering the compound for about 30 days or about 60 days.
  • the method comprises administering to the subject one or more loading doses of the compound, followed by one or more maintenance doses of the compound.
  • the one or more loading dose may be greater than the one or more maintenance dose.
  • the loading dose is an intravenous dose and the maintenance dose is an oral dose.
  • the loading dose is an intravenous dose and the maintenance dose is also an intravenous dose.
  • the loading dose is an oral dose and the maintenance dose is also an oral dose.
  • the subject is a human.
  • the present invention also provides a method of preventing a bacterial infection in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound, or a salt thereof, at a dose of about 10 mg to about 1000 mg, wherein the compound is Compound A′ of the following structural formula:
  • the bacterial infection is caused by a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon, such that the infection in the subject is prevented.
  • the compound is Compound A of the following structural formula:
  • the bacterium is resistant to antibiotics that are typically used to treat infections caused by the bacterium.
  • the bacterium is in the form of a powder or an aerosol.
  • the bacterium is able to form spores.
  • the bacterium is selected from the group comprising:
  • bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus e.g., B. anthracia , including Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) anthrax strains
  • Brucella e.g., B. abortus, B. canis, B. ceti, B. inopinata, B. melitensis, B. microti, B. neotomae, B. ovis, B. pinnipedialis, B. suis
  • Shigella e.g., S. boydii, S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri and S. sonnei
  • Vibrio e.g., V. cholerae
  • Salmonella e.g., S. bongori and S. enterica
  • Salmonella e.g., S. bongori and S. enterica
  • the bacterium is selected from the group comprising:
  • bacterium belonging to the species Franciscella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, Burkholderia mallei, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Rickettsia prowazekii ; and
  • bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus e.g., B. anthracis , including Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) anthrax strains.
  • MDR Multi-Drug Resistant
  • the bacterium is selected from the group consisting of:
  • bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus e.g., B. anthracis , including Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) anthrax strains
  • Brucella e.g., B. abortus, B. canis, B. ceti, B. inopinata, B. melitensis, B. microti, B. neotomae, B. ovis, B. pinnipedialis, B. suis
  • Shigella e.g., S. boydii, S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri and S. sonnei
  • Vibrio e.g., V. cholerae
  • Salmonella e.g., S. bongori and S. enterica
  • SDR Multi-Drug Resistant
  • the bacterium is selected from the group consisting of:
  • bacterium belonging to the species Franciscella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, Burkholderia mallei, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Rickettsia prowazekii ; and
  • bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus e.g., B. anthracis , including Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) anthrax strains.
  • MDR Multi-Drug Resistant
  • the bacterium is selected from the group consisting of: Yersinia pestis, Burkholderia mallei and Bacillus anthracis.
  • the dose is about 50 mg to about 200 mg, e.g., about 75 mg to about 110 mg. In one aspect, the dose is about 100 mg.
  • the compound is administered once per day or twice per day.
  • the compound is administered intravenously or orally.
  • the method of the invention comprises administering the compound, e.g., Compound A′ or Compound A, for at least 3 days, at least 7 days, at least 14 days, at least 21 days, at least 30 days or at least 60 days. In a specific embodiment, the method comprises administering the compound for about 30 days or about 60 days.
  • the method comprises administering to the subject one or more loading doses of the compound, followed by one or more maintenance doses of the compound.
  • the one or more loading dose may be greater than the one or more maintenance dose.
  • the loading dose is an intravenous dose and the maintenance dose is an oral dose.
  • the loading dose is an intravenous dose and the maintenance dose is also an intravenous dose.
  • the loading dose is an oral dose and the maintenance dose is also an oral dose.
  • the subject is a human.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph showing percent survival in a lethal Y. pestis post-exposure prophylactic (PEP) mouse model after treatment with Compound A (omadacycline), doxycycline and ciprofloxacin.
  • PEP post-exposure prophylactic
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing percent survival in a B. anthracia post-exposure prophylactic (PEP) mouse model after treatment with Compound A (omadacycline), doxycycline or ciprofloxacin.
  • PEP post-exposure prophylactic
  • FIG. 3 is a graph showing percent survival in a lethal B. mallei post-exposure prophylactic (PEP) mouse model after treatment with Compound A (omadacycline), doxycycline or moxifloxacin.
  • PEP mallei post-exposure prophylactic
  • the invention relates to the discovery that 9-[(2,2-dimethyl-propyl amino)-methyl]minocycline (omadacycline, OMC) is effective to treat or prevent infections caused by various types of bacteria that can be used as biological weapons.
  • OMC 9-[(2,2-dimethyl-propyl amino)-methyl]minocycline
  • the invention pertains, at least in part, to a method of treating a bacterial infection in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of Compound A′ or a salt thereof:
  • the invention pertains, at least in part, to a method of treating a bacterial infection in a subject, comprising administering to the subject a compound or a salt thereof, at a dose of about 10 mg to about 1000 mg, wherein the compound is Compound A′ of the following structural formula:
  • the invention pertains, at least in part, to a method of preventing a bacterial infection in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of Compound A′ or a salt thereof:
  • the invention pertains, at least in part, to a method of preventing a bacterial infection in a subject, comprising administering to the subject a compound or a salt thereof, at a dose of about 10 mg to about 1000 mg, wherein the compound is Compound A′ of the following structural formula:
  • the invention pertains, at least in part, to a method of treating a bacterial infection in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of Compound A or a salt thereof:
  • the invention pertains, at least in part, to a method of treating a bacterial infection in a subject, comprising administering to the subject a compound or a salt thereof, at a dose of about 10 mg to about 1000 mg, wherein the compound is Compound A of the following structural formula:
  • the invention pertains, at least in part, to a method of preventing a bacterial infection in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of Compound A or a salt thereof:
  • the invention pertains, at least in part, to a method of preventing a bacterial infection in a subject, comprising administering to the subject a compound or a salt thereof, at a dose of about 10 mg to about 1000 mg, wherein the compound is Compound A of the following structural formula:
  • the invention pertains, at least in part, to a method of treating an infection in a subject or preventing an infection in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of Compound A′ or Compound A, wherein the infection is caused by a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon.
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon includes a bacterium which possesses one or more of the characteristics, including but not limited to, easily being produced or disseminated, easily being transmitted from person to person, having potential for moderate or high morbidity, having potential for moderate or high mortality, having potential for causing public panic and social disruption, requiring special action for public health preparedness, and requiring specific enhancements for diagnosis and disease surveillance.
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is stable or viable (e.g., capable of performing all or part of its normal biological functions, such as replicating, forming spores, and infecting a subject) under various conditions (e.g., heat, cold, high pressure, low pressure, acidic or basic conditions, humidity, dryness, and radiation), including extreme conditions.
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is capable of infecting a subject under various conditions.
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is stable or viable under a temperature above 25° C., 30° C., 40° C., 50° C., 60° C., 70° C., 80° C., 90° C., 100° C., 125° C., 150° C., 175° C., or 200° C.
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is stable or viable under a temperature below 25° C., 20° C., 10° C., 5° C., 0° C., ⁇ 10° C., ⁇ 20° C., ⁇ 30° C., ⁇ 40° C., ⁇ 50° C., ⁇ 60° C., ⁇ 70° C., ⁇ 100° C., or ⁇ 150° C.
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is stable or viable under a pressure above 5 ⁇ 10 5 Pa, 10 ⁇ 10 5 Pa, 15 ⁇ 10 5 Pa, 20 ⁇ 10 5 Pa, 30 ⁇ 10 5 Pa, 40 ⁇ 10 5 Pa, 50 ⁇ 10 5 Pa, 75 ⁇ 10 5 Pa, or 100 ⁇ 10 5 Pa.
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is stable or viable under a pressure below 0.5 ⁇ 10 5 Pa, 0.2 ⁇ 10 5 Pa, 0.1 ⁇ 10 5 Pa, 0.05 ⁇ 10 5 Pa, 0.02 ⁇ 10 5 Pa, 0.01 ⁇ 10 5 Pa, 0.005 ⁇ 10 5 Pa, 0.002 ⁇ 10 5 Pa, or 0.001 ⁇ 10 5 Pa.
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is stable or viable under a pH above 8.0, 8.5, 9.0, 9.5, 10.0, 10.5, 11.0, 11.5, 12.0, 12.5, 13.0, 13.5, or 14.0. In one embodiment, a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is stable or viable under a pH below 6.0, 5.5, 5.0, 4.5, 4.0, 3.5, 3.0, 2.5, 2.0, 1.5, 1.0, 0.5, or 0.0. In one embodiment, a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is stable or viable under a relative humidity of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99%.
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is stable or viable under f UV radiation, X-ray radiation, a radiation, 13 radiation, or y radiation.
  • the bacterium is capable of infecting a subject after being treated with a combination of any of the aforementioned conditions.
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is able to form spores.
  • the bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon may be disseminated as spores. In another embodiment, the embodiment which can be used as a biological weapon may be disseminated via contamination of food or water supply. In yet another embodiment, the bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon may be disseminated by insects (e.g., fleas, lice and ticks) and/or rodents (e.g., mice or rats).
  • insects e.g., fleas, lice and ticks
  • rodents e.g., mice or rats
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon can be dispersed in air or in liquid.
  • the bacterium is in a form of an aerosol (e.g., the bacterium is formulated as an aerosol).
  • the bacterium is in a form of powder (e.g., the bacterium is formulated as powder).
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon includes a bacterium which is resistant to existing antibiotics, i.e., antibiotics that are typically used to treat infections caused by the bacterium.
  • antibiotics include, e.g., tetracycline antibiotics, including but not limited to tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, sancycline, methacycline, chlortetracycline, and deoxytetracycline, and a combination thereof, and other antibiotics, including but not limited to, methicillin, oxacillin, vancomycin, penicillin, linezolid, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, and azithromycin.
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon includes a bacterium which is resistant to tetracycline, minocycline, and/or doxycycline.
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon includes, but is not limited to:
  • bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus e.g., B. anthracia , including Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) anthrax strains
  • Brucella e.g., B. abortus, B. canis, B. ceti, B. inopinata, B. melitensis, B. microti, B. neotomae, B. ovis, B. pinnipedialis, B. suis
  • Shigella e.g., S. boydii, S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri and S. sonnei
  • Vibrio e.g., V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus , and V. vulnificus
  • Salmonella e.g., S. bongori and S. enterica
  • Salmonella e.g., S. bongori and S. enterica
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon includes, but is not limited to:
  • bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus e.g., B. anthracia , including Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) anthrax strains
  • Brucella e.g., B. abortus, B. canis, B. ceti, B. inopinata, B. melitensis, B. microti, B. neotomae, B. ovis, B. pinnipedialis, B. suis
  • Shigella e.g., S. boydii, S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri and S. sonnei
  • Vibrio e.g., V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus , and V. vulnificus
  • Salmonella e.g., S. bongori and S. enterica
  • Salmonella e.g., S. bongori and S. enterica
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon includes, but is not limited to:
  • a bacterium belonging to the genus Brucella e.g., B. abortus, B. canis, B. ceti, B. inopinata, B. melitensis, B. microti, B. neotomae, B. ovis, B. pinnipedialis, B. suis ), Shigella (e.g., S. boydii, S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri and S. sonnei ), Vibrio (e.g., V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus , and V. vulnificus ), Salmonella (e.g., S. bongori and S. enterica ); and a bacterium belonging to a diarrheagenic strain of E. coli.
  • Brucella e.g., B. abortus, B. canis, B. ceti, B. inopinata, B. melitensis, B. microti, B
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon includes, but is not limited to:
  • a bacterium belonging to the genus Brucella e.g., B. abortus, B. canis, B. ceti, B. inopinata, B. melitensis, B. microti, B. neotomae, B. ovis, B. pinnipedialis, B. suis ), Shigella (e.g., S. boydii, S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri and S. sonnei ), Vibrio genus (e.g., V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus , and V. vulnificus ), Salmonella (e.g., S. bongori and S. enterica ); and a bacterium belonging to a diarrheagenic strain of E. coli.
  • Brucella e.g., B. abortus, B. canis, B. ceti, B. inopinata, B. melitensis, B. microt
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon includes, but is not limited to:
  • bacterium belonging to the species Franciscella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, Burkholderia mallei, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Rickettsia prowazekii ; and
  • bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus e.g., B. anthracis , including Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) anthrax strains.
  • MDR Multi-Drug Resistant
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon includes, but is not limited to:
  • bacterium belonging to the species Franciscella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, Burkholderia mallei, Rickettsia prowazekii ;
  • bacterium belonging to the Bacillus genus e.g., B. anthracis , including Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) anthrax strains.
  • MDR Multi-Drug Resistant
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon includes, but is not limited to, a bacterium belonging to the species Franciscella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, Burkholderia mallei, Burkholderia pseudomallei , and Rickettsia prowazekii .
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon includes, but is not limited to, a bacterium belonging to the species Franciscella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, Burkholderia mallei , and Rickettsia prowazekii .
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is a bacterium belonging to the species Bacillus anthracis or a bacterium belonging to a Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) anthrax strain.
  • MDR Multi-Drug Resistant
  • the Bacillus genus comprises the species of Bacillus anthracis (the etiologic agent of anthrax), Bacillus cereus, Bacillus weihenstephanensis (a food borne pathogen), Bacillus thuringiensis (an insect pathogen), and Bacillus mycoides.
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon includes, but is not limited to, a bacterium of the Bacillus cereus group (e.g., Bacillus anthracis and Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) anthracis ), Franciscella tularensis, Clostridium botulinum, Yersinia pestis, Burkholderia mallei, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Brucella species, Shigella species, Coxiella burnetii, Chlamydia psittaci, Clostridium perfringens, Rickettsia prowazekii , Diarrheagenic E.
  • Bacillus cereus group e.g., Bacillus anthracis and Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) anthracis
  • MDR Multi-Drug Resistant
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon includes, but is not limited to, a bacterium of the Bacillus cereus group (e.g., Bacillus anthracis and Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) anthracis ), Franciscella tularensis, Clostridium botulinum, Yersinia pestis, Burkholderia mallei, Brucella species, Shigella species, Coxiella burnetii, Chlamydia psittaci, Clostridium perfringens, Rickettsia prowazekii , Diarrheagenic E. coli , Pathogenic Vibrios, Salmonella, Campylobacter jejuni, Yersinia enterocolitica , and Listeria monocytogen
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon includes, but is not limited to, Franciscella tularensis, Clostridium botulinum, Yersinia pestis, Burkholderia mallei, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Brucella species, Shigella species, Coxiella burnetii, Chlamydia psittaci, Clostridium perfringens, Rickettsia prowazekii , Diarrheagenic E. coli , Pathogenic Vibrios, Salmonella, Campylobacter jejuni, Yersinia enterocolitica , and Listeria monocytogenes .
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon includes, but is not limited to, Franciscella tularensis, Clostridium botulinum, Yersinia pestis, Burkholderia mallei, Brucella species, Shigella species, Coxiella burnetii, Chlamydia psittaci, Clostridium perfringens, Rickettsia prowazekii , Diarrheagenic E. coli , Pathogenic Vibrios, Salmonella, Campylobacter jejuni, Yersinia enterocolitica , and Listeria monocytogenes.
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon includes, but is not limited to, a bacterium of the Bacillus cereus group (e.g., Bacillus anthracis and MultiDrug Resistant (MDR) anthracis ), Franciscella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, Burkholderia mallei, Burkholderia pseudomallei , and Rickettsia prowazekii .
  • MDR MultiDrug Resistant
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon includes, but is not limited to, a bacterium of the Bacillus cereus group (e.g., Bacillus anthracis and Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) anthracis ), Franciscella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, Burkholderia mallei , and Rickettsia prowazekii.
  • Bacillus cereus group e.g., Bacillus anthracis and Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) anthracis
  • MDR Multi-Drug Resistant
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon includes, but is not limited to, Franciscella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, Burkholderia mallei, Burkholderia pseudomallei , and Rickettsia prowazekii .
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon includes, but is not limited to, Franciscella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, Burkholderia mallei , and Rickettsia prowazekii.
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is Bacillus anthracis or Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) anthracis.
  • Bacillus cereus group of bacteria is composed of Bacillus anthracis (the etiologic agent of anthrax), Bacillus cereus , and Bacillus weihenstephanensis (a food borne pathogen), Bacillus thuringiensis (an insect pathogen), and Bacillus mycoides.
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon does not belong to the species B. anthracis, Y. pestis, F. tularensis, B. mallei or B. pseudomallei .
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon does not belong to the species B. anthracis .
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon does not belong to the species Y. pestis .
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon does not belong to the species F. tularensis .
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon does not belong to the species B. mallei .
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon does not belong to the species B. pseudomallei.
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is not a bacterium that may be a causative agent of a food borne disease.
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon does not belong to a diarrheagenic strain of E. coli .
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon does not belong to the genus Salmonella (e.g., S. bongori and S. enterica ).
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon does not belong to the species Campylobacter jejuni.
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is a bacterium that may be a causative agent of a food borne disease.
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon belongs to a diarrheagenic strain of E. coli .
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon belongs to the genus Salmonella (e.g., S. bongori and S. enterica ).
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon belongs to the species Campylobacter jejuni.
  • a “food borne disease” or a “food borne illness”, or “food poisoning” is any illness resulting from the consumption of food contaminated with, e.g., bacteria.
  • the contaminating bacteria may cause an infection and irritation of the gastrointestinal tract.
  • the contaminating bacteria may belong to a diarrheagenic strain of E. coli ; to the species Campylobacter jejuni ; or to the genus Salmonella (e.g., S. bongori or S. enterica ).
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon includes, but is not limited to, gram-positive pathogens, gram-negative pathogens, anaerobic pathogens, or atypical pathogens, or a combination thereof.
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon includes, but not limited to, a bacterium belonging to the species methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), oxacillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus , oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus , oxacillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium , vancomycin susceptible Enterococcus faecium , vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium , vancomycin susceptible Enterococcus faecalis , vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae , penicillin-susceptible Strepto
  • the invention pertains, at least in part, to a method of treating a bacterial infection in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of Compound A′ or a salt thereof:
  • bacterial infection is caused by a bacterium selected from the group consisting of:
  • bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus e.g., B. anthracis , including Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) anthrax strains
  • Brucella e.g., B. abortus, B. canis, B. ceti, B. inopinata, B. melitensis, B. microti, B. neotomae, B. ovis, B. pinnipedialis, B. suis
  • Shigella e.g., S. boydii, S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri and S. sonnei
  • Vibrio e.g., V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus , and V. vulnificus
  • Salmonella e.g., S. bongori and S. enterica
  • Salmonella e.g., S. bongori and S. enterica
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is selected from the group consisting of:
  • bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus e.g., B. anthracis , including Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) anthrax strains
  • Brucella e.g., B. abortus, B. canis, B. ceti, B. inopinata, B. melitensis, B. microti, B. neotomae, B. ovis, B. pinnipedialis, B. suis
  • Shigella e.g., S. boydii, S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri and S. sonnei
  • Vibrio e.g., V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus , and V. vulnificus
  • Salmonella e.g., S. bongori and S. enterica
  • Salmonella e.g., S. bongori and S. enterica
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is selected from the group consisting of:
  • bacterium belonging to the genus Brucella e.g., B. abortus, B. canis, B. ceti, B. inopinata, B. melitensis, B. microti, B. neotomae, B. ovis, B. pinnipedialis, B. suis ), Shigella (e.g., S. boydii, S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri and S. sonnei ), Vibrio (e.g., V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus , and V. vulnificus ), Salmonella (e.g., S. bongori and S. enterica ); and
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is selected from the group consisting of:
  • a bacterium belonging to the genus Brucella e.g., B. abortus, B. canis, B. ceti, B. inopinata, B. melitensis, B. microti, B. neotomae, B. ovis, B. pinnipedialis, B. suis ), Shigella (e.g., S. boydii, S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri and S. sonnei ), Vibrio genus (e.g., V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus , and V. vulnificus ), Salmonella (e.g., S. bongori and S. enterica ); and
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is selected from the group consisting of:
  • bacterium belonging to the species Franciscella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, Burkholderia mallei, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Rickettsia prowazekii ; and
  • bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus e.g., B. anthracis , including Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) anthrax strains.
  • MDR Multi-Drug Resistant
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is selected from the group consisting of:
  • bacterium belonging to the species Franciscella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, Burkholderia mallei, Rickettsia prowazekii ;
  • bacterium belonging to the Bacillus genus e.g., B. anthracis , including Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) anthrax strains.
  • MDR Multi-Drug Resistant
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is selected from the group consisting of a bacterium belonging to the species Franciscella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, Burkholderia mallei, Burkholderia pseudomallei , and Rickettsia prowazekii .
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is selected from the group consisting of a bacterium belonging to the species Franciscella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, Burkholderia mallei , and Rickettsia prowazekii .
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is a bacterium belonging to the species Bacillus anthracis or a bacterium belonging to a Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) anthrax strain.
  • MDR Multi-Drug Resistant
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon does not belong to the species B. anthracis, Y. pestis, F. tularensis, B. mallei or B. pseudomallei .
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon does not belong to the species B. anthracis .
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon does not belong to the species Y. pestis .
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon does not belong to the species F. tularensis .
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon does not belong to the species B. mallei .
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon does not belong to the species B. pseudomallei.
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is not a bacterium that may be a causative agent of a food borne disease.
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon does not belong to a diarrheagenic strain of E. coli .
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon does not belong to the genus Salmonella (e.g., S. bongori and S. enterica ).
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon does not belong to the species Campylobacter jejuni.
  • the compound of the invention e.g., Compound A′
  • the invention pertains, at least in part, to a method of preventing a bacterial infection in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of Compound A′ or a salt thereof:
  • bacterial infection is caused by a bacterium selected from the group consisting of:
  • bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus e.g., B. anthracia , including Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) anthrax strains
  • Brucella e.g., B. abortus, B. canis, B. ceti, B. inopinata, B. melitensis, B. microti, B. neotomae, B. ovis, B. pinnipedialis, B. suis
  • Shigella e.g., S. boydii, S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri and S. sonnei
  • Vibrio e.g., V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus , and V. vulnificus
  • Salmonella e.g., S. bongori and S. enterica
  • Salmonella e.g., S. bongori and S. enterica
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is selected from the group consisting of:
  • bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus e.g., B. anthracia , including Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) anthrax strains
  • Brucella e.g., B. abortus, B. canis, B. ceti, B. inopinata, B. melitensis, B. microti, B. neotomae, B. ovis, B. pinnipedialis, B. suis
  • Shigella e.g., S. boydii, S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri and S. sonnei
  • Vibrio e.g., V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus , and V. vulnificus
  • Salmonella e.g., S. bongori and S. enterica
  • Salmonella e.g., S. bongori and S. enterica
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is selected from the group consisting of:
  • bacterium belonging to the genus Brucella e.g., B. abortus, B. canis, B. ceti, B. inopinata, B. melitensis, B. microti, B. neotomae, B. ovis, B. pinnipedialis, B. suis ), Shigella (e.g., S. boydii, S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri and S. sonnei ), Vibrio (e.g., V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus , and V. vulnificus ), Salmonella (e.g., S. bongori and S. enterica ); and
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is selected from the group consisting of:
  • a bacterium belonging to the genus Brucella e.g., B. abortus, B. canis, B. ceti, B. inopinata, B. melitensis, B. microti, B. neotomae, B. ovis, B. pinnipedialis, B. suis ), Shigella (e.g., S. boydii, S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri and S. sonnei ), Vibrio genus (e.g., V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus , and V. vulnificus ), Salmonella (e.g., S. bongori and S. enterica ); and
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is selected from the group consisting of:
  • bacterium belonging to the species Franciscella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, Burkholderia mallei, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Rickettsia prowazekii ; and
  • bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus e.g., B. anthracis , including Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) anthrax strains.
  • MDR Multi-Drug Resistant
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is selected from the group consisting of:
  • bacterium belonging to the species Franciscella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, Burkholderia mallei, Rickettsia prowazekii ;
  • bacterium belonging to the Bacillus genus e.g., B. anthracis , including Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) anthrax strains.
  • MDR Multi-Drug Resistant
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is selected from the group consisting of a bacterium belonging to the species Franciscella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, Burkholderia mallei, Burkholderia pseudomallei , and Rickettsia prowazekii .
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is selected from the group consisting of a bacterium belonging to the species Franciscella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, Burkholderia mallei , and Rickettsia prowazekii .
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is a bacterium belonging to the species Bacillus anthracis or a bacterium belonging to a Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) anthrax strain.
  • MDR Multi-Drug Resistant
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon does not belong to the species B. anthracis, Y. pestis, F. tularensis, B. mallei or B. pseudomallei .
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon does not belong to the species B. anthracis .
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon does not belong to the species Y. pestis .
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon does not belong to the species F. tularensis .
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon does not belong to the species B. mallei .
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon does not belong to the species B. pseudomallei.
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is not a bacterium that may be a causative agent of a food borne disease.
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon does not belong to a diarrheagenic strain of E. coli .
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon does not belong to the genus Salmonella (e.g., S. bongori and S. enterica ).
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon does not belong to the species Campylobacter jejuni.
  • the compound of the invention e.g., Compound A′ may be administered at a dose of about 10 mg to about 1000 mg.
  • the invention pertains, at least in part, to a method of treating a bacterial infection in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of Compound A or a salt thereof:
  • bacterial infection is caused by a bacterium selected from the group consisting of:
  • bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus e.g., B. anthracis , including Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) anthrax strains
  • Brucella e.g., B. abortus, B. canis, B. ceti, B. inopinata, B. melitensis, B. microti, B. neotomae, B. ovis, B. pinnipedialis, B. suis
  • Shigella e.g., S. boydii, S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri and S. sonnei
  • Vibrio e.g., V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus , and V. vulnificus
  • Salmonella e.g., S. bongori and S. enterica
  • Salmonella e.g., S. bongori and S. enterica
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is selected from the group consisting of:
  • bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus e.g., B. anthracis , including Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) anthrax strains
  • Brucella e.g., B. abortus, B. canis, B. ceti, B. inopinata, B. melitensis, B. microti, B. neotomae, B. ovis, B. pinnipedialis, B. suis
  • Shigella e.g., S. boydii, S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri and S. sonnei
  • Vibrio e.g., V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus , and V. vulnificus
  • Salmonella e.g., S. bongori and S. enterica
  • Salmonella e.g., S. bongori and S. enterica
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is selected from the group consisting of:
  • bacterium belonging to the genus Brucella e.g., B. abortus, B. canis, B. ceti, B. inopinata, B. melitensis, B. microti, B. neotomae, B. ovis, B. pinnipedialis, B. suis ), Shigella (e.g., S. boydii, S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri and S. sonnei ), Vibrio (e.g., V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus , and V. vulnificus ), Salmonella (e.g., S. bongori and S. enterica ); and
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is selected from the group consisting of:
  • a bacterium belonging to the genus Brucella e.g., B. abortus, B. canis, B. ceti, B. inopinata, B. melitensis, B. microti, B. neotomae, B. ovis, B. pinnipedialis, B. suis ), Shigella (e.g., S. boydii, S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri and S. sonnei ), Vibrio genus (e.g., V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus , and V. vulnificus ), Salmonella (e.g., S. bongori and S. enterica ); and
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is selected from the group consisting of:
  • bacterium belonging to the species Franciscella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, Burkholderia mallei, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Rickettsia prowazekii ; and
  • bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus e.g., B. anthracia , including Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) anthrax strains.
  • MDR Multi-Drug Resistant
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is selected from the group consisting of:
  • bacterium belonging to the species Franciscella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, Burkholderia mallei, Rickettsia prowazekii ;
  • bacterium belonging to the Bacillus genus e.g., B. anthracis , including Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) anthrax strains.
  • MDR Multi-Drug Resistant
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is selected from the group consisting of a bacterium belonging to the species Franciscella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, Burkholderia mallei, Burkholderia pseudomallei , and Rickettsia prowazekii .
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is selected from the group consisting of a bacterium belonging to the species Franciscella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, Burkholderia mallei , and Rickettsia prowazekii .
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is a bacterium belonging to the species Bacillus anthracis or a bacterium belonging to a Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) anthrax strain.
  • MDR Multi-Drug Resistant
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon does not belong to the species B. anthracis, Y. pestis, F. tularensis, B. mallei or B. pseudomallei .
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon does not belong to the species B. anthracis .
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon does not belong to the species Y. pestis .
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon does not belong to the species F. tularensis .
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon does not belong to the species B. mallei .
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon does not belong to the species B. pseudomallei.
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is not a bacterium that may be a causative agent of a food borne disease.
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon does not belong to a diarrheagenic strain of E. coli .
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon does not belong to the genus Salmonella (e.g., S. bongori and S. enterica ).
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon does not belong to the species Campylobacter jejuni.
  • the compound of the invention e.g., Compound A
  • the invention pertains, at least in part, to a method of preventing a bacterial infection in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of Compound A or a salt thereof:
  • bacterial infection is caused by a bacterium selected from the group consisting of:
  • bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus e.g., B. anthracia , including Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) anthrax strains
  • Brucella e.g., B. abortus, B. canis, B. ceti, B. inopinata, B. melitensis, B. microti, B. neotomae, B. ovis, B. pinnipedialis, B. suis
  • Shigella e.g., S. boydii, S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri and S. sonnei
  • Vibrio e.g., V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus , and V. vulnificus
  • Salmonella e.g., S. bongori and S. enterica
  • Salmonella e.g., S. bongori and S. enterica
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is selected from the group consisting of:
  • bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus e.g., B. anthracia , including Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) anthrax strains
  • Brucella e.g., B. abortus, B. canis, B. ceti, B. inopinata, B. melitensis, B. microti, B. neotomae, B. ovis, B. pinnipedialis, B. suis
  • Shigella e.g., S. boydii, S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri and S. sonnei
  • Vibrio e.g., V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus , and V. vulnificus
  • Salmonella e.g., S. bongori and S. enterica
  • Salmonella e.g., S. bongori and S. enterica
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is selected from the group consisting of:
  • bacterium belonging to the genus Brucella e.g., B. abortus, B. canis, B. ceti, B. inopinata, B. melitensis, B. microti, B. neotomae, B. ovis, B. pinnipedialis, B. suis ), Shigella (e.g., S. boydii, S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri and S. sonnei ), Vibrio (e.g., V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus , and V. vulnificus ), Salmonella (e.g., S. bongori and S. enterica ); and
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is selected from the group consisting of:
  • a bacterium belonging to the genus Brucella e.g., B. abortus, B. canis, B. ceti, B. inopinata, B. melitensis, B. microti, B. neotomae, B. ovis, B. pinnipedialis, B. suis ), Shigella (e.g., S. boydii, S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri and S. sonnei ), Vibrio genus (e.g., V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus , and V. vulnificus ), Salmonella (e.g., S. bongori and S. enterica ); and
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is selected from the group consisting of:
  • bacterium belonging to the species Franciscella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, Burkholderia mallei, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Rickettsia prowazekii ; and
  • bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus e.g., B. anthracis , including Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) anthrax strains.
  • MDR Multi-Drug Resistant
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is selected from the group consisting of:
  • bacterium belonging to the species Franciscella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, Burkholderia mallei, Rickettsia prowazekii ;
  • bacterium belonging to the Bacillus genus e.g., B. anthracis , including Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) anthrax strains.
  • MDR Multi-Drug Resistant
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is selected from the group consisting of a bacterium belonging to the species Franciscella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, Burkholderia mallei, Burkholderia pseudomallei , and Rickettsia prowazekii .
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is selected from the group consisting of a bacterium belonging to the species Franciscella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, Burkholderia mallei , and Rickettsia prowazekii .
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is a bacterium belonging to the species Bacillus anthracis or a bacterium belonging to a Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) anthrax strain.
  • MDR Multi-Drug Resistant
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon does not belong to the species B. anthracis, Y. pestis, F. tularensis, B. mallei or B. pseudomallei .
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon does not belong to the species B. anthracis .
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon does not belong to the species Y. pestis .
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon does not belong to the species F. tularensis .
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon does not belong to the species B. mallei .
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon does not belong to the species B. pseudomallei.
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon is not a bacterium that may be a causative agent of a food borne disease.
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon does not belong to a diarrheagenic strain of E. coli .
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon does not belong to the genus Salmonella (e.g., S. bongori and S. enterica ).
  • a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon does not belong to the species Campylobacter jejuni.
  • the compound of the invention e.g., Compound A
  • treating a bacterial infection in a subject comprises administering the compound of the present invention after the subject's exposure to the bacterium, but before the subject develops a symptom of the bacterial infection.
  • the compound of the present invention is administered 10 min, 20 min, 30 min, 40 min, 50 min, 1 hr, 2 hrs, 3 hrs, 6 hrs, 12 hrs, 18 hrs, 24 hrs, 36 hrs, 48 hrs, 72 hrs, 96 hrs, 1 week, or 2 weeks after the subject's exposure but before the subject develops a symptom of the bacterial infection.
  • treating a bacterial infection in a subject comprises administering the compound of the present invention after the subject develops a symptom after the subject's exposure to the bacterium.
  • the compound of the present invention is administered 10 min, 20 min, 30 min, 40 min, 50 min, 1 hr, 2 hrs, 3 hrs, 6 hrs, 12 hrs, 18 hrs, 24 hrs, 36 hrs, 48 hrs, 72 hrs, 96 hrs, 1 week, or 2 weeks after the subject develops a symptom of the bacterial infection.
  • treating a bacterial infection in a subject comprises administering the compound of the present invention after the subject's suspected exposure to the bacterium, but before the subject develops any symptom of the bacterial infection.
  • the compound of the present invention is administered 10 min, 20 min, 30 min, 40 min, 50 min, 1 hr, 2 hrs, 3 hrs, 6 hrs, 12 hrs, 18 hrs, 24 hrs, 36 hrs, 48 hrs, 72 hrs, 96 hrs, 1 week, or 2 weeks after the subject's suspected exposure but before the subject develops any symptom.
  • “Suspected exposure” means that there is certain possibility (e.g., 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99%), although it is not known, that a subject has been exposed to a bacterium and thus is at the risk of a bacterial infection.
  • “suspected exposure” refers to a chance of greater than 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99% that the subject has been exposed to a bacterial and is therefore at a risk of a bacterial infection.
  • “suspected exposure” means that there is greater than 50% possibility that a subject has been exposed to a bacterium.
  • a “symptom” of a bacterial infection can be any indication that the subject being exposed or suspected being exposed to the bacterium is not normal, well, or comfortable, regardless of the subject's subjective perception or feeling.
  • “Symptom” includes, but is not limited to, headache, stomachache, abdominal cramps, abdominal pain, muscle pain, fever, diarrhea, vomiting, coughing, weakness, tiredness, soreness, rash or bumps on skin, wounds in any parts of the body (e.g., skin, head, eye, ear, nose, mouth, torso, limbs, arm, hand, leg, foot, etc.), and an abnormality in any tissue or organ (e.g., skin, bone, blood, lymph, intestine, stomach, pancreas, brain, heart, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, bladder, ovary, etc.).
  • preventing a bacterial infection in a subject comprises administering the compound of the present invention before the subject's exposure to the bacterium.
  • the compound of the present invention is administered 10 min, 20 min, 30 min, 40 min, 50 min, 1 hr, 2 hrs, 3 hrs, 6 hrs, 12 hrs, 18 hrs, 24 hrs, 36 hrs, 48 hrs, 72 hrs, 96 hrs, 1 week, or 2 weeks before the subject's exposure.
  • preventing a bacterial infection in a subject comprises administering the compound of the present invention before or after an event which raises the risk of the subject being exposed to the bacterium.
  • the event includes, but is not limited to, a terrorist attack with a biological weapon and the subject's entry into a risky territory, such as a battlefield.
  • the compound of the present invention is administered to the subject 10 min, 20 min, 30 min, 40 min, 50 min, 1 hr, 2 hrs, 3 hrs, 6 hrs, 12 hrs, 18 hrs, 24 hrs, 36 hrs, 48 hrs, 72 hrs, 96 hrs, 1 week, or 2 weeks before the event.
  • the compound of the present invention is administered to the subject 10 min, 20 min, 30 min, 40 min, 50 min, 1 hr, 2 hrs, 3 hrs, 6 hrs, 12 hrs, 18 hrs, 24 hrs, 36 hrs, 48 hrs, 72 hrs, 96 hrs, 1 week, or 2 weeks after the event.
  • the methods of the present application may further comprise, before administering the compound of the present invention, identifying a subject at risk of being exposed to a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon.
  • the subject at a risk of being exposed to a bacterium which can be used as a biological weapon includes, but is not limited to, a subject travelling to, entering, or being in a conflict region (e.g., a battlefield and combat zone), such as military personnel, intelligence personnel, and animals used in the military, a subject engaged or about to be engaged in a security operation, such as governmental authorities (e.g., police, governmental investigators, and secret service members) and other personnel (e.g., doctors, nurses, and rescue workers), and animals used in such an operation, and a subject in an geographical area that is likely to be a target of a terrorist attack (e.g., a metropolitan area, a city, an area where there is a large population (e.g., above 100,000, above 200,000, above 500,000, above 1 million, above
  • “Expose”, “exposure”, or “exposed” means that a subject comes in contact in any way with a bacterium or any component thereof (e.g., bacterial cell wall, bacterial cell membrane, a bacterial nucleic acid, a bacterial polynucleotide, a bacterial protein, a bacterial polypeptide, a bacterial spore, and a bacterial toxin).
  • a subject may be exposed to a bacterium or any component thereof by ingesting, inhaling, or touching anything which contains the bacterium or any component thereof.
  • the component of the bacterium is capable of causing an infection or symptoms of an infection in the subject.
  • the bacterial component is a bacterial spore.
  • the invention pertains to a method of treating a bacterial infection in a subject, wherein the subject is exposed or suspected of being exposed to a bacterium or a component thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of Compound A′ or Compound A, or a salt thereof.
  • the invention also pertains to a method of treating a bacterial infection in a subject, wherein the subject is exposed or suspected of being exposed to a bacterium or a component thereof, comprising administering to the subject Compound A′ or Compound A, or a salt thereof, at a dose of about 10 mg to about 1000 mg.
  • the invention also pertains to a method of preventing a bacterial infection in a subject, wherein the subject is at a risk of being exposed to a bacterium or a component thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of Compound A′ or Compound A, or a salt thereof.
  • the invention also pertains to a method of preventing a bacterial infection in a subject, wherein the subject is at a risk of being exposed to a bacterium or a component thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of Compound A′ or Compound A, or a salt thereof, at a dose of about 10 mg to about 1000 mg.
  • the bacterium or a component thereof is formulated as an aerosol or power.
  • the bacterial component is a bacterial spore.
  • a compound of the invention may be administered to a subject by any mode of administration that can achieve a level of Compound A in the subject that is effective to treat or prevent an infection.
  • a compound of the present invention is administered orally.
  • a compound of the present invention is administered intravenously.
  • a compound of the present invention is administered intraperitoneally.
  • a compound of the present invention is administered subcutaneously.
  • the compound of the invention may be administered at a dose of 1 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, 4 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, 6 mg/kg, 7 mg/kg, 8 mg/kg, 9 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 12 mg/kg, 14 mg/kg, 16 mg/kg, 18 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, 22 mg/kg, 24 mg/kg, 26 mg/kg, 28 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, 32 mg/kg, 34 mg/kg, 36 mg/kg, 38 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, 42 mg/kg, 44 mg/kg, 46 mg/kg, 48 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 52 mg/kg, 54 mg/kg, 56 mg/kg, 58 mg/kg, 60 mg/kg, 62 mg/kg, 64 mg/kg, 66 mg/kg, 68 mg/kg, 70 mg/kg, 72 mg/kg, 74 mg/kg, 76 mg/kg, 78 mg/kg, 80 mg/kg, 82 mg/kg
  • dose ranges comprising the above listed doses are also included in the present invention.
  • any of the above doses may be a lower part or an upper part of a dose range that is included in the present invention.
  • all lists or collections of numerical values used throughout the present application also are intended to include ranges of the numerical values wherein any of the listed numerical values can be the lower part or upper part of a range. These ranges are intended to be included in the present invention.
  • a compound of the invention may be administered at a dose of from about 10 to about 1000 mg, about 20 to about 750 mg, about 50 to about 500 mg, about 75 to about 400 mg, about 100 to about 300 mg, about 110 to about 290 mg, about 120 to about 280 mg, about 130 to about 270 mg, about 140 to about 260 mg, about 150 to about 250 mg, about 160 to about 240 mg, about 170 mg to about 230 mg, about 180 mg to about 220 mg, about 190 mg to about 210 mg, or about 200 mg.
  • the compound of the present invention e.g., Compound A′ or compound A
  • the compound of the invention e.g., Compound A′ or Compound A
  • the compound of the invention e.g., Compound A′ or Compound A
  • the compound of the invention e.g., Compound A′ or Compound A
  • an oral dose of compound of the invention e.g., Compound A′ or Compound A is 3 times larger than an intravenous dose of the compound of the invention, e.g., Compound A′ or Compound A.
  • the dose of the compound of the invention e.g., Compound A′ or Compound A
  • the effective amount of a compound of the present invention when administered orally, is from about 10 to about 1000 mg, about 20 to about 750 mg, about 50 to about 500 mg, about 75 to about 400 mg, about 100 to about 300 mg, about 110 to about 290 mg, about 120 to about 280 mg, about 130 to about 270 mg, about 140 to about 260 mg, about 150 to about 250 mg, about 160 to about 240 mg, about 170 mg to about 230 mg, about 180 mg to about 220 mg, about 190 mg to about 210 mg, or about 200 mg.
  • the effective amount of a compound of the present invention when administered intravenously, is from about 5 to about 500 mg, about 10 to about 400 mg, about 25 to about 300 mg, about 50 to about 200 mg, about 50 to about 150 mg, about 60 to about 140 mg, about 70 mg to about 130 mg, about 80 mg to about 120 mg, about 90 mg to about 110 mg, or about 100 mg.
  • a salt of a compound of the present invention is a hydrochloride salt.
  • a salt of a compound of the present invention is a tosylate salt.
  • a compound of the present invention is administered orally as a free base or as a tosylate salt.
  • a compound of the present invention is administered intravenously as the hydrochloride salt.
  • a compound of the present invention is a mixed salt, e.g., mixed hydrochloride and tosylate salt.
  • a compound of the present invention e.g., Compound A or Compound A′, may be administered once per day, either intravenously or orally.
  • a compound of the present invention may be administered for at least 3 days, at least 7 days, at least 14 days, at least 21 days, at least 30 days or at least 60 days.
  • the administration of the compound of the present invention may last for 3 days to 7 days, for 3 days to 14 days, for 3 days to 21 days, for 3 days to 30 days, for 3 days to 60 days, for 7 days to 14 days, for 7 days to 21 days, for 7 days to 30 days, for 7 days to 60 days, for 14 days to 21 days, for 14 days to 30 days, for 14 days to 60 days, for 21 days to 30 days, for 21 days to 60 days, or for 30 days to 60 days.
  • a compound of the present invention may be administered for 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 7 days, 8 days, 9 days, 10 days, 11 days, 12 days, 13 days, 14 days, 15 days, 16 days, 17 days, 18 days, 19 days, 20 days, 21 days, 22 days, 23 days, 24 days, 25 days, 26 days, 27 days, 28 days, 29 days, 30 days, 31 days, 32 days, 33 days, 34 days, 35 days, 36 days, 37 days, 38 days, 39 days, 40 days, 41 days, 42 days, 43 days, 44 days, 45 days, 46 days, 47 days, 48 days, 49 days, 50 days, 51 days, 52 days, 53 days, 54 days, 55 days, 56 days, 57 days, 58 days, 59 days or 60 days.
  • the method comprises administering to the subject one or more loading doses of the compound, followed by one or more maintenance doses of the compound.
  • the one or more loading dose may be greater than the one or more maintenance dose.
  • administration of a compound of the present invention, e.g., Compound A or Compound A′, to a subject may comprise administering one or more loading doses of the compound, followed by one or more maintenance doses of the compound.
  • the one or more loading dose of the compound may be greater than the one or more maintenance dose of the compound.
  • the loading dose may be about 200 mg, while the maintenance dose may be about 150 mg, 100 mg or 50 mg; or the loading dose may be about 400 mg, while the maintenance dose may be about 300 mg, 250 mg, 200 mg, 150 mg, 100 mg or 50 mg; or the loading dose may be about 100 mg, while the maintenance dose may be about 75 mg, about 50 mg or about 25 mg.
  • the loading dose of the compound of the invention and the maintenance dose of the compound of the invention may be administered via same routes or different routes.
  • the loading dose may be administered intravenously and the maintenance dose may be administered orally.
  • both the loading dose and the maintenance dose may be administered orally, or the loading dose and the maintenance dose may be administered intravenously.
  • the loading dose of the compound of the invention may be an oral dose or an intravenous dose administered twice daily
  • the maintenance dose may be an oral dose or an intravenous dose administered once daily.
  • the compound of the invention e.g., Compound A′ or Compound A
  • the compound of the invention may be administered as an intravenous loading dose of 100 mg twice daily, followed by an intravenous maintenance dose of 100 mg once daily.
  • the compound of the invention e.g., Compound A′ or Compound A
  • the compound of the invention, e.g., Compound A′ or Compound A may be administered as an oral loading dose of 300 mg twice daily, followed by an oral maintenance dose of 300 mg once daily.
  • treating refers to the amelioration or diminishment of one or more symptoms of the disorder, e.g., a bacterial infection, to be treated.
  • prophylaxis means to prevent or reduce the risk of a bacterial infection.
  • a bacterium is “easily produced or disseminated” if the bacterium can be produced or disseminated by routine methods, processes, or techniques and with common materials, reagents, equipment, etc. available in the art, or by methods, processes, or techniques and with materials, reagents, equipment, etc. which are accessible to and can be operated or used by a lay person having little or no training in the art.
  • moderate morbidity refers to morbidity of no less than 10%, no less than 15%, no less than 20%, no less than 25%, no less than 30%, no less than 35%, no less than 40%, or no less than 45%.
  • high morbidity refers to morbidity of no less than 50%, no less than 55%, no less than 60%, no less than 65%, no less than 70%, no less than 75%, no less than 80%, no less than 85%, no less than 90%, or no less than 95%.
  • moderate mortality refers to mortality of no less than 10%, no less than 15%, no less than 20%, no less than 25%, no less than 30%, no less than 35%, no less than 40%, or no less than 45%.
  • high mortality refers to mortality of no less than 50%, no less than 55%, no less than 60%, no less than 65%, no less than 70%, no less than 75%, no less than 80%, no less than 85%, no less than 90%, or no less than 95%.
  • resistance refers to the antibiotic/organism standards as defined by the Clinical and Laboratories Standards Institute (CLSI) and/or the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
  • CLSI Clinical and Laboratories Standards Institute
  • FDA Food and Drug Administration
  • subject includes animals which are subject to a bacterial infection.
  • subjects include animals such as farm animals (e.g., cows, pigs, horses, goats, rabbits, sheep, chickens, etc.), lab animals (mice, rats, monkeys, chimpanzees, etc.), pets (e.g., dogs, cats, ferrets, hamsters, etc.), birds (e.g., chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, crows, ravens, sparrows, etc.), primates (e.g., monkeys, gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos, and humans), and other animals (e.g., squirrels, raccoons, mice, rats, etc.).
  • the subject is a mouse or rat.
  • the subject is a cow, a pig, or a chicken.
  • the subject is a human.
  • the compounds of the present invention may be administered by any route which allows the compounds to perform its intended function, e.g., treat or prevent a bacterial infection.
  • routes include orally, intravenously, and topically.
  • a compound of the present invention is administered orally.
  • a compound of the present invention is administered intravenously.
  • an effective amount includes the amount of a compound of the present invention needed to treat or prevent a bacterial infection.
  • an effective amount describes an efficacious level sufficient to achieve the desired therapeutic effect through the killing of bacteria and/or inhibition of bacterial growth.
  • the effective amount is sufficient to eradicate the bacterium or bacteria causing the infection.
  • the effective amount is the dose of the compound of the invention, e.g., Compound A′ or Compound A, that is administered to the subject, e.g., orally or intravenously.
  • the term “about” refers to a range of values which can be 15%, 10%, 8%, 5%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0.5% more or less than the specified value. For example, “about 10%” can be from 8.5% to 11.5%. In one embodiment, the term “about” refers to a range of values which are 5% more or less than the specified value. In another embodiment, the term “about” refers to a range of values which are 2% more or less than the specified value. In another embodiment, the term “about” refers to a range of values which are 1% more or less than the specified value.
  • the structures of the compounds of the present invention may include double bonds or asymmetric carbon atoms. Such compounds can occur as racemates, racemic mixtures, single enantiomers, individual diastereomers, diastereomeric mixtures, and cis- or trans- or E- or Z-double bond isomeric forms. Such isomers can be obtained in substantially pure form by classical separation techniques and by stereochemically controlled synthesis. Furthermore, the structures and other compounds and moieties discussed in the present invention also include all tautomers thereof.
  • the compounds of the present invention may be basic or acidic, and are capable of forming a wide variety of salts with various acids or bases.
  • the acids that may be used to prepare pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of the present invention that are basic are those that form non-toxic acid addition salts, such as HCl salt, HBr salt, HI salt, nitrate, sulfate, bisulfate, phosphate, acid phosphate, isonicotinate, acetate, lactate, salicylate, citrate, acid citrate, tartrate, bitartrate, pantothenate, ascorbate, succinate, maleate, gentisinate, fumarate, gluconate, glucaronate, saccharate, formate, benzoate, glutamate, methane sulfonate, ethanesulfonate, benzene sulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate (i.e., tosylate) and palmoate.
  • the bases that may be used to prepare pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of the present invention that are acidic are those that form a non-toxic base salts, such as those salts containing alkali metal cations (e.g., Na + and K + ), alkaline earth metal cations (e.g., Mg ++ and Ca ++ ), and amines.
  • alkali metal cations e.g., Na + and K +
  • alkaline earth metal cations e.g., Mg ++ and Ca ++
  • the compounds of the present invention that are basic in nature are capable of forming a wide variety of salts with various inorganic and organic acids.
  • the acids that may be used to prepare pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts of the compounds of the present invention that are basic in nature are those that form nontoxic acid addition salts, i.e., salts containing pharmaceutically acceptable anions, such as the hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, nitrate, sulfate, bisulfate, phosphate, acid phosphate, isonicotinate, acetate, lactate, salicylate, citrate, acid citrate, tartrate, pantothenate, bitartrate, ascorbate, succinate, maleate, gentisinate, fumarate, gluconate, glucaronate, saccharate, formate, benzoate, glutamate, methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, p-toluenesul
  • salts must be pharmaceutically acceptable for administration to a subject, e.g., an animal
  • the acid addition salts of the compounds of the present invention are readily prepared by treating the compounds with a substantially equivalent amount of the chosen mineral or organic acid in an aqueous solvent medium or in a suitable organic solvent, such as methanol or ethanol. Upon careful evaporation of the solvent, the desired solid salts are readily obtained.
  • a salt of a compound of the present invention is a hydrochloride salt.
  • a salt of a compound of the present invention is a tosylate salt.
  • a compound of the present invention is administered orally as a free base or as a tosylate salt.
  • a compound of the present invention is administered intravenously as the hydrochloride salt.
  • a compound of the present invention is a mixed salt, e.g., mixed hydrochloride and tosylate salt.
  • the compounds of the present invention can be synthesized by using art recognized techniques, such as those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,846,939 and 7,553,828, and US Patent Publication No. 20080287401, the contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
  • the compounds thus obtained can be further purified, for example, by flash column chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, crystallization, or any known purification method.
  • the compounds of the present invention can be synthesized according to the synthetic scheme as shown below and as described in US 20080287401:
  • the compounds of the present invention can be purified by chromatography, which comprises injecting an aqueous low pH solution of the compound into an HPLC in a polar organic solvent gradient, and combining the product fractions.
  • Selection of suitable acidic mobile phases enhances process stability and selectivity.
  • Organic and mineral acid mobile phases are effective at separating by-products, including epimer impurities, and closely-eluting by products through pH control or choice of acid. Acidic mobile phases also protect against oxidative degradation of the compound.
  • the low pH solution has a pH of about 2-3. Examples of solutions that can used include 0.1% aqueous solutions of methane sulfonic acid and 0.1% aqueous solutions of trifluoroacetic acid.
  • An isocratic gradient of 94% of the aqueous solution and 6% acetonitrile or another polar organic solvent may be used to purify the compound from epimeric and closely eluting by-products.
  • the resulting aqueous product fractions can be combined, and the pH may be adjusted to about 4.0-4.5 using a base (e.g., NaOH).
  • Hydrophobic impurities and oxidative degradents of the compound may be removed by washing the aqueous solution with a non-polar organic solvent (e.g., CH 2 Cl 2 ). The organic layers may be discarded and the aqueous layers may be combined and retained.
  • the organic solvents such as methylene chloride
  • the pH of the combined aqueous layers was adjusted to neutral pH (e.g., about 7.5 to about 8.5).
  • the pH may be adjusted by the addition of a base, such as NaOH.
  • the neutral solution may then be washed with a non-polar organic solvent, such as methylene chloride.
  • selective pH adjustment to neutral pH ranges may also allow the compound to be extracted into the organic solvent while retaining undesired (3-epimer and by-products in the aqueous phase.
  • the reagents that may be used in the synthetic routes described in the above patents may include, for example, solvents, reagents, catalysts, and protecting group and deprotecting group reagents.
  • the synthetic routes may also include additional steps, either before or after the steps described specifically therein, to add or remove suitable protecting groups in order to ultimately allow synthesis of the desired tetracycline compounds.
  • various synthetic steps may be performed in an alternate sequence or order to give the desired compounds.
  • compounds may be further modified via conventional chemical transformations to produce the compounds of the present invention. Synthetic chemistry transformations and protecting group methodologies (protection and deprotection) are known in the art and include, e.g., those described in R. Larock, Comprehensive Organic Transformations, VCH Publishers (1989); T.W.
  • the efficacy of the compound of the present invention in treating or preventing a bacterial infection may be assessed by using common methods known in the art.
  • the efficacy may be determined by Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) assay.
  • MIC Minimum Inhibition Concentration
  • the compound of the present invention is serially diluted and then added to the growth medium, e.g., cation-adjusted Mueller Hinton broth (CAMHB) of the bacterial culture.
  • the lowest concentration of the compound of the present invention that inhibits 50% or 90% bacterial growth i.e., MIC 50 or MIC 90
  • MIC 50 or MIC 90 concentration of the compound of the present invention that inhibits 50% or 90% bacterial growth
  • the efficacy may be determined through in vivo assays known in the art (e.g., animal experiments).
  • the compound of the present invention is administered to experimental animals (e.g., mice and rats) at decreasing amounts.
  • the lowest amount of the compound of the present invention that treats the experimental animal e.g., ameliorates symptoms of a bacterial infection, prolongs the survival time of the animal, and allows animal to survive the bacterial infection
  • prevents the experimental animals from being infected by the bacterium or developing any symptoms of the infection is determined and, if necessary, compared with the lowest amount of other antibiotics which achieves the same results.
  • the invention also pertains to pharmaceutical compositions comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention (e.g., Compound A) or a salt thereof and, optionally, a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising from about 10 to about 1000 mg of a compound of the present invention (e.g., Compound A or Compound A′) or a salt thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is acceptable for oral administration.
  • a compound of the present invention is a free base or a tosylate salt.
  • the composition comprises from about 20 to about 750 mg, about 50 to about 500 mg, about 75 to about 400 mg, about 100 to about 300 mg, about 110 to about 290 mg, about 120 to about 280 mg, about 130 to about 270 mg, about 140 to about 260 mg, about 20 about 150 to about 250 mg, about 160 to about 240 mg, about 170 mg to about 230 mg, about 180 mg to about 220 mg, about 190 mg to about 210 mg, or about 200 mg of a compound of the present invention (e.g., Compound A or Compound A′) or a salt thereof.
  • a compound of the present invention e.g., Compound A or Compound A′
  • a salt thereof e.g., Compound A or Compound A′
  • the invention also pertains to a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising from about 5 to about 500 mg of a compound of the present invention (e.g., Compound A or Compound A′) or a salt thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier suitable for intravenous administration.
  • the composition comprises from about 10 to about 400 mg, about 25 to about 300 mg, about 50 to about 200 mg, about 50 to about 150 mg, about 60 to about 140 mg, about 70 mg to about 130 mg, about 80 mg to about 120 mg, about 90 mg to about 110 mg, or about 100 mg of a compound of the present invention (e.g., Compound A or Compound A′) or a salt thereof.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable carrier includes substances capable of being co-administered with a compound of the present invention (e.g., Compound A or Compound A′), and which allow the compound to perform its intended function, e.g., treat or prevent a bacterial infection.
  • Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include but are not limited to water, salt solutions, alcohol, vegetable oils, polyethylene glycols, gelatin, lactose, amylose, magnesium stearate, talc, silicic acid, viscous paraffin, perfume oil, fatty acid mono glycerides and diglycerides, petroethral fatty acid esters, hydroxymethyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, etc.
  • the pharmaceutical preparations can be sterilized and if desired mixed with auxiliary agents, e.g., lubricants, preservatives, stabilizers, wetting agents, emulsifiers, salts for influencing osmotic pressure, buffers, colorings, flavorings and/or aromatic substances and the like which do not deleteriously react with the compounds of the present invention.
  • auxiliary agents e.g., lubricants, preservatives, stabilizers, wetting agents, emulsifiers, salts for influencing osmotic pressure, buffers, colorings, flavorings and/or aromatic substances and the like which do not deleteriously react with the compounds of the present invention.
  • the compounds of the present invention and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof can be administered via either the oral, parenteral or topical routes.
  • these compounds are most desirably administered in effective dosages, depending upon the weight and condition of the subject being treated and the particular route of administration chosen. Variations may occur depending upon the species of the subject being treated and its individual response to the medicament, as well as on the type of pharmaceutical formulation chosen and the time period and interval at which such administration is carried out.
  • the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may be administered alone or in combination with other known compositions for treating tetracycline responsive states in a subject.
  • the language “in combination with” a known composition is intended to include simultaneous administration of the composition of the present invention and the known composition, administration of the composition of the present invention first, followed by the known composition, and administration of the known composition first, followed by the composition of the present invention. Any of the therapeutically composition known in the art for treating tetracycline responsive states can be used in the methods of the present invention.
  • the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may be administered alone or in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or diluents by any of the routes previously mentioned, and the administration may be carried out in single or multiple doses.
  • the compounds of the present invention can be administered advantageously in a wide variety of different dosage forms, i.e., they may be combined with various pharmaceutically acceptable inert carriers in the form of tablets, capsules, lozenges, troches, hard candies, powders, sprays, creams, salves, suppositories, jellies, gels, pastes, lotions, ointments, aqueous suspensions, injectable solutions, elixirs, syrups, and the like.
  • Such carriers include solid diluents or fillers, sterile aqueous media and various non-toxic organic solvents, etc.
  • oral pharmaceutical compositions can be suitably sweetened and/or flavored.
  • the therapeutically-effective compounds of the present invention are present in such dosage forms at concentration levels ranging from about 5.0% to about 70% by weight.
  • tablets containing various excipients such as microcrystalline cellulose, sodium citrate, calcium carbonate, dicalcium phosphate, and glycine may be employed along with various disintegrants such as starch (and preferably corn, potato or tapioca starch), alginic acid, and certain complex silicates, together with granulation binders like polyvinylpyrrolidone, sucrose, gelatin, and acacia. Additionally, lubricating agents such as magnesium stearate, sodium lauryl sulfate, and talc are often very useful for tabletting purposes. Solid compositions of a similar type may also be employed as fillers in gelatin capsules; preferred materials in this connection also include lactose or milk sugar as well as high molecular weight polyethylene glycols.
  • the active ingredient may be combined with various sweetening or flavoring agents, coloring matter or dyes, and, if so desired, emulsifying and/or suspending agents as well, together with such diluents as water, ethanol, propylene glycol, glycerin, and various like combinations thereof.
  • solutions of the compounds of the present invention in either sesame or peanut oil or in aqueous propylene glycol may be employed.
  • the aqueous solutions should be suitably buffered if necessary and the liquid diluent first rendered isotonic.
  • These aqueous solutions are suitable for intravenous injection purposes.
  • the oily solutions are suitable for intra-articular, intramuscular and subcutaneous injection purposes. The preparation of all these solutions under sterile conditions is readily accomplished by standard pharmaceutical techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
  • suitable preparations include solutions, preferably oily or aqueous solutions as well as suspensions, emulsions, or implants, including suppositories.
  • Therapeutic compounds may be formulated in sterile form in multiple or single dose formats such as being dispersed in a fluid carrier such as sterile physiological saline or 5% saline dextrose solutions commonly used with injectables.
  • tablets, dragees, or capsules having talc and/or carbohydrate carrier binder or the like the carrier preferably being lactose and/or corn starch and/or potato starch.
  • a syrup, elixir or the like can be used wherein a sweetened vehicle is employed.
  • Sustained release compositions can be formulated including those wherein the active component is protected with differentially degradable coatings, e.g., by microencapsulation, multiple coatings, etc.
  • Minocycline hydrochloride was dissolved in methylsulfonic acid or hydrofluoric acid with methyl sulfonic anhydride. N-hydroxymethyl phthalimide was added to the reaction mixture. The mixture was stirred at 20-35° C. until the reaction was complete. The acid solution was added to an ice/water mixture and the triflic salt was readily precipitated, filtered and collected. The salt was re-dissolved in acetone and brought to a neutral pH with base. The product was precipitated by the addition of water. The product was isolated as a mixture of the bis and tris alkylated product. The isolated material of this reaction was enriched in the desired bis ratio (90%).
  • the solid was suspended in the EtOH. Aminolysis was carried out by using methylamine A phthalamide by-product precipitated as the reaction progressed and was removed by filtration. The light yellow solid product was precipitated out by the addition of about 1.5 volumes of t-butylmethylether to the reaction mixture, and collected through a simple filtration that left many small impurities and methylamine reagent in the solution. Further purification of the compound was performed through re-slurrying with methanol.
  • the product (1) was worked up and isolated selectively from its impurities.
  • the pH of the solution was adjusted to about 4.5 with concentrated HCl and the solution was washed with dichloromethane.
  • Sulfites were added to the aqueous layer and the product was extracted with dichloromethane at pH of about 7 to 8 to selectively recover the preferred epimer product (e.g., a).
  • the dichloromethane layers were combined and concentrated, and 2 L of n-heptane was added to precipitate the product. Further purification was obtained by repeating the work-up procedure with or without t-butylmethylether to dissolve the crude product.
  • the level of impurities and relative concentration of the pooled fractions was factored into the selection criteria that meet the final product specifications.
  • a 10% aqueous solution of sodium sulfite equal to 10% of the original volume of the collected fractions.
  • a product fraction volume of 3.5 liters (including sodium sulfite) was collected and the pH was adjusted to 4.0-4.5 using a solution of sodium hydroxide.
  • the aqueous solution was washed with 2 liters of dichloromethane and the organic layer was separated and discarded.
  • the pH of the aqueous layer was adjusted to 7.5-8.5 using sodium hydroxide and the product was extracted four times with 2.4 liters of dichloromethane. The pH was readjusted to 7.5-8.5 with sodium hydroxide, prior to each extraction.
  • Bacterial inoculums were prepared by suspending into cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth (CAMHB) colonies from 18-24 h B. anthracis, B. pseudomallei , or B. mallei plates, or 42-48 h F. tularensis or Y. pestis plates that were incubated at 35° C. Sheep Blood agar (SBA) plates were used for B. anthracis and Y. pestis , chocolate agar plates for F. tularensis , and Trypticase Soy agar (TSA) plates for B. pseudomallei and B. mallei .
  • SBA Sheep Blood agar
  • TSA Trypticase Soy agar
  • CAMHB CAMHB was supplemented with 2% Isovitalex (Becton Dickinson).
  • the antibiotic ranges were 8-0.0039 ⁇ g/ml or 64-0.03125 ⁇ g/ml based on a final well volume of 100 ⁇ L after inoculation.
  • MICs were determined by the microdilution method in the 96-well plates according to CLSI guidelines. MICs were determined visually at 18-24 h or 42-48 h (for F. tularensis and Y.
  • Compound A was highly active against strains of Bacillus anthracia and B. mallei , and also had significant activity against Yersinia pestis and Franciscella tularensis , demonstrating excellent MIC 50 and MIC 00 values against these target pathogens (Table 1).
  • the MIC values for Compound A were comparable to those for doxycycline which is currently recommended for treatment of diseases caused by these pathogens. Unlike doxycycline, however, Compound A is expected to be active against strains possessing either efflux or ribosomal mechanisms of resistance.
  • tularensis MIC range 0.5-2 0.0078-0.25 ⁇ 0.03125-1 0.03125 ( ⁇ g/mL) MIC 50 1 0.0078 0.125 0.25 MIC 90 2 0.01563 0.5 0.5 B. mallei MIC range ⁇ 0.03125-0.5 0.0625-1 0.01563-0.5 0.015563-0.5 ( ⁇ g/mL) MIC 50 0.125 0.5 0.125 0.0625 MIC 90 0.25 1 0.25 0.125 B. pseudomallei MIC range 2->64 0.5-32 1->8 0.0625 ( ⁇ g/mL) MIC 50 64 2 2 0.5 MIC 90 >64 4 >8 8
  • MICs were determined by the broth microdilution method recommended by the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI, M7-A7, 2006) using cation adjusted Mueller-Hinton Broth (CAMHB, DIFCO Lot#5230237).
  • CLSI Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute
  • CAMHB cation adjusted Mueller-Hinton Broth
  • HTM Haemophilus Test Medium
  • a selected group of microorganisms was also tested by agar dilution using the methods specified by CLSI document M7-A7, 2006 using plain Mueller-Hinton Agar (Difco Lots 1303004 & 5011641) for testing the majority of the isolates or supplemented with 5% sheep blood (Hema Resource Lot #1127-100140-04) for testing the streptococci. All broth media used was less than 12 hours old at the time of MIC tray production.
  • Compound A exhibited activity against almost all of the clinical isolates tested (Table 2). This included isolates that were resistant to current tetracyclines such as doxycycline (Table 2). Compound A was also active against pathogens expected to be encountered in ABSSSI and CABP irrespective of resistance to commonly used antibiotics, including tetracycline. The in vitro activity of Compound A was not affected by serum or lung surfactant, important characteristics consistent with potential utility in infections involving the lower respiratory tract.
  • Compound A was generally as potent or more potent and as effective or more effective than, minocycline, vancomycin, and linezolid.
  • Compound A (omadacycline) was tested in lethal Y. pestis post exposure prophylactic (PEP) infection model.
  • PEP prophylactic
  • BALB/c 6-8 week old female mice were infected by 29.9 LD 50 s of Y. pestis (CO92) via whole body aerosol.
  • Ten mice per each group were used.
  • Compound A was administered intraperitoneally twenty-five hours post-infection at the doses of 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg every 12 hours for 7 days.
  • Doxycycline at the doses of 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg and ciprofloxacin at the dose of 15 mg/kg were used as positive controls. Mice were followed for 14 days post-infection, and percent survival was determined.
  • FIG. 1 demonstrates that Compound A at 40 mg/kg is more effective as doxycycline at 40 mg/kg and is at least as effective or ciprofloxacin at 15 mg/kg at treating Y. pestis infection for at least 14 days post-infection.
  • MIC for Compound A was 1 ⁇ g/mL
  • for doxycycline was 0.5 ⁇ g/mL
  • for ciprofloxacin is 0.06 ⁇ g/mL.
  • PD 50 for Compound A was 23.5 (range of 20.1 to 27.0 mg/kg), while PD 50 for doxycycline was 29.7 (range of 20.7 to 38.8).
  • Compound A (omadacycline) was tested in lethal B. anthracis post exposure prophylactic (PEP) infection model.
  • BALB/c 6-8 week old female mice were infected by 30.5 LD 50 s of B. anthracis AMES strain via whole body aerosol. Ten mice per each group were used.
  • Compound A was administered intraperitoneally twenty-four hours post-infection at the doses of 0.75, 2.5, 7.5, and 15 mg/kg every 12 hours for 14 days.
  • Doxycycline at the doses of 0.75, 2.5, 7.5 and 15 mg/kg and ciprofloxacin at the dose of 30 mg/kg were used as positive controls. Mice were followed for 41 days post infection, and percent survival was determined.
  • FIG. 2 The results are presented in FIG. 2 which demonstrates that Compound A is as effective as doxycycline or ciprofloxacin at treating B. anthracis infection for at least 41 days post-infection.
  • MIC for Compound A was ⁇ 0.03 ⁇ g/mL
  • MIC for both doxycycline and ciprofloxacin is 0.03 ⁇ g/mL.
  • PD 50 for Compound A was 0.8 (range of 0.6 to 1.1 mg/kg), while PD 50 for doxycycline was 2.0 (range of 1.4 to 2.6).
  • Compound A (omadacycline) was tested in lethal B. mallei post exposure prophylactic (PEP) infection model.
  • BALB/c 6-8 week old female mice were infected by 59.6 LD 50 s of B. mallei (China 7) via whole body aerosol.
  • Ten mice per each group were used.
  • Compound A was administered intraperitoneally twenty-five hours post-infection at the doses of 0.75, 2.5, 7.5 and 15 mg/kg every 12 hours for 21 days.
  • Doxycycline at the concentrations of 0.75, 2.5, 7.5 and 15 mg/kg and azithromycin at the concentration of 15 mg/kg were used as positive controls. Mice were followed for 55 days post-infection, and percent survival was determined.
  • FIG. 3 demonstrates that Compound A is as effective as doxycycline or azithromycin at treating B. mallei infection.
  • MIC for Compound A was 0.25 ⁇ g/mL
  • for doxycycline was 0.06 ⁇ g/mL
  • for azithromycin was 0.5 ⁇ g/mL.
  • PD 50 for Compound A was ⁇ 0.75 mg/kg
  • PD 50 for doxycycline was also ⁇ 0.75 mg/kg. All of the dosing group animals except one survived all treatments. No control group animals survived.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oncology (AREA)
  • Communicable Diseases (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Dermatology (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
US15/713,352 2015-03-24 2017-09-22 Minocycline compounds for biodefense Abandoned US20180133231A1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15/713,352 US20180133231A1 (en) 2015-03-24 2017-09-22 Minocycline compounds for biodefense
US16/798,500 US11129839B2 (en) 2015-03-24 2020-02-24 Minocycline compounds for biodefense
US17/712,585 US20230098554A1 (en) 2015-03-24 2022-04-04 Minocycline compounds for biodefense
US18/215,257 US20240238315A1 (en) 2015-03-24 2023-06-28 Minocycline compounds for biodefense
US19/010,924 US20250367219A1 (en) 2015-03-24 2025-01-06 Minocycline compounds for biodefense

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201562137719P 2015-03-24 2015-03-24
PCT/US2016/023807 WO2016154332A1 (en) 2015-03-24 2016-03-23 Minocycline compounds for biodefense
US15/713,352 US20180133231A1 (en) 2015-03-24 2017-09-22 Minocycline compounds for biodefense

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2016/023807 Continuation WO2016154332A1 (en) 2015-03-24 2016-03-23 Minocycline compounds for biodefense

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US16/798,500 Continuation US11129839B2 (en) 2015-03-24 2020-02-24 Minocycline compounds for biodefense

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20180133231A1 true US20180133231A1 (en) 2018-05-17

Family

ID=56977663

Family Applications (5)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US15/713,352 Abandoned US20180133231A1 (en) 2015-03-24 2017-09-22 Minocycline compounds for biodefense
US16/798,500 Active US11129839B2 (en) 2015-03-24 2020-02-24 Minocycline compounds for biodefense
US17/712,585 Abandoned US20230098554A1 (en) 2015-03-24 2022-04-04 Minocycline compounds for biodefense
US18/215,257 Abandoned US20240238315A1 (en) 2015-03-24 2023-06-28 Minocycline compounds for biodefense
US19/010,924 Pending US20250367219A1 (en) 2015-03-24 2025-01-06 Minocycline compounds for biodefense

Family Applications After (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US16/798,500 Active US11129839B2 (en) 2015-03-24 2020-02-24 Minocycline compounds for biodefense
US17/712,585 Abandoned US20230098554A1 (en) 2015-03-24 2022-04-04 Minocycline compounds for biodefense
US18/215,257 Abandoned US20240238315A1 (en) 2015-03-24 2023-06-28 Minocycline compounds for biodefense
US19/010,924 Pending US20250367219A1 (en) 2015-03-24 2025-01-06 Minocycline compounds for biodefense

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (5) US20180133231A1 (es)
EP (2) EP3273968B1 (es)
JP (4) JP6826582B2 (es)
KR (3) KR102656263B1 (es)
CN (2) CN116392496A (es)
AU (4) AU2016235151A1 (es)
CA (1) CA2980727C (es)
ES (1) ES2959665T3 (es)
FI (1) FI3273968T3 (es)
HU (1) HUE063795T2 (es)
IL (1) IL254622B2 (es)
MX (1) MX389771B (es)
PL (1) PL3273968T3 (es)
WO (1) WO2016154332A1 (es)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11129839B2 (en) 2015-03-24 2021-09-28 Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Minocycline compounds for biodefense

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109154685B (zh) * 2016-03-31 2022-04-19 日产化学株式会社 配向层形成组合物
TWI746610B (zh) * 2016-08-03 2021-11-21 美商派瑞泰Ｓｐｖ２有限公司 9-胺甲基米諾四環素化合物及其用途
SG10201913599RA (en) 2016-11-01 2020-02-27 Paratek Pharm Innc 9-aminomethyl minocycline compounds and use thereof in treating community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (cabp)
MA52980A (fr) * 2018-04-30 2021-04-28 Melinta Therapeutics Inc Procédés de traitement d'infections bactériennes à l'aide d'oritavancine
PT3917616T (pt) 2019-01-31 2025-08-28 Takeda Pharmaceuticals Co Compostos heterocíclicos e a sua utilização
CN111484424B (zh) * 2020-04-14 2022-10-25 成都百特万合医药科技有限公司 一种合成奥马环素的方法
PT117254B (pt) 2021-05-26 2024-04-18 Hovione Farm S A Método de síntese de compostos 9-aminometil tetraciclinas
CN114591216A (zh) * 2022-02-17 2022-06-07 四川澄华生物科技有限公司 一种合成奥马环素中间体的方法

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU8638801A (en) 2000-07-07 2002-01-21 Tufts College 9-substituted minocycline compounds
WO2011101710A1 (en) * 2010-02-16 2011-08-25 Wockhardt Research Centre Efflux pump inhibitors
US7553828B2 (en) 2001-03-13 2009-06-30 Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 9-aminomethyl substituted minocycline compounds
CA2475202A1 (en) * 2002-03-29 2003-10-09 The Research Foundation Of State University Of New York Use of non-antibacterial tetracycline analogs and formulations thereof for the treatment of bacterial exotoxins
US7943600B2 (en) 2004-12-20 2011-05-17 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Antimicrobial combination therapy
US20070238652A1 (en) * 2006-02-08 2007-10-11 Biosynexus Incorporated Neutralization of bacterial spores
US8440646B1 (en) 2006-10-11 2013-05-14 Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Substituted tetracycline compounds for treatment of Bacillus anthracis infections
EP2216323A3 (en) 2007-04-27 2010-12-29 Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Methods for synthesizing and purifying aminoalkyl tetracycline compounds
BRPI0908951A2 (pt) * 2008-03-05 2017-01-17 Paratek Pharm Innc compostos de minociclina e método de uso dos mesmos
EP2849757A4 (en) * 2012-05-14 2015-11-18 Paratek Pharm Innc PROCESS FOR USE OF (4S, 4AS, 5AR, 12AS -) - 4-DIMETHYLAMINO-3,10,12,12A-TETRAHYDROXY-7 - [(METHOXY (METHYL) AMINO) -METHYL] -1,11-DIOXO-1 , 4.4A, 5.5A, 6,11,12a-octahydro-naphthacene-2-carboxylic acid amide
AU2016235151A1 (en) * 2015-03-24 2017-10-12 Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Minocycline compounds for biodefense

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11129839B2 (en) 2015-03-24 2021-09-28 Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Minocycline compounds for biodefense

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL3273968T3 (pl) 2024-01-03
US20250367219A1 (en) 2025-12-04
US11129839B2 (en) 2021-09-28
KR20170138439A (ko) 2017-12-15
KR20240051297A (ko) 2024-04-19
JP2021059544A (ja) 2021-04-15
KR20250151591A (ko) 2025-10-21
IL254622B2 (en) 2024-01-01
IL254622A0 (en) 2017-11-30
AU2020260450A1 (en) 2020-12-03
CA2980727C (en) 2023-09-19
AU2024202788A1 (en) 2024-05-23
MX389771B (es) 2025-03-20
US20240238315A1 (en) 2024-07-18
EP3273968B1 (en) 2023-07-19
JP2025023946A (ja) 2025-02-19
JP2023022179A (ja) 2023-02-14
AU2020260450B2 (en) 2022-07-21
EP3273968A1 (en) 2018-01-31
ES2959665T3 (es) 2024-02-27
JP6826582B2 (ja) 2021-02-03
EP3273968A4 (en) 2018-11-14
IL254622B1 (en) 2023-09-01
US20230098554A1 (en) 2023-03-30
AU2022256106A1 (en) 2022-11-24
WO2016154332A1 (en) 2016-09-29
KR102656263B1 (ko) 2024-04-09
CN116392496A (zh) 2023-07-07
HUE063795T2 (hu) 2024-01-28
JP2018509475A (ja) 2018-04-05
MX2017012073A (es) 2018-02-21
FI3273968T3 (fi) 2023-10-09
US20200330489A1 (en) 2020-10-22
AU2016235151A1 (en) 2017-10-12
EP4268897A2 (en) 2023-11-01
CA2980727A1 (en) 2016-09-29
EP4268897A3 (en) 2024-01-03
CN107613988A (zh) 2018-01-19

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US20250367219A1 (en) Minocycline compounds for biodefense
US9937183B2 (en) Antimicrobial compounds and methods of making and using the same
RU2751509C1 (ru) Способы лечения и предотвращения инфекции с. difficile
HK40103012A (en) Minocycline compounds for biodefense
US10800732B2 (en) Substituted malonamides and their use as antibacterial drugs
HK1247851A1 (en) Minocycline compounds for biodefense
HK1247851B (en) Minocycline compounds for biodefense
CN107050004A (zh) 三苯基新木脂素类化合物在抗万古霉素耐药肠球菌中的应用
CN121102205A (zh) 一种吲哚-3-芳基酮衍生物在制备治疗或预防金黄色葡萄球菌引起的感染性疾病的药物中的用途
KR20180068581A (ko) 거대환 락탐계 유도체 화합물, 이의 생산 방법 및 용도
AU2021236400A1 (en) A method for controlling clostridium infection in animals
Chen Novel therapeutic approaches targeting Clostridium difficile

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: PARATEK PHARMACEUTICALS, INC., MASSACHUSETTS

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:DRAPER, MICHAEL;TANAKA, S. KEN;SIGNING DATES FROM 20171018 TO 20171023;REEL/FRAME:044583/0062

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: FINAL REJECTION MAILED

STCV Information on status: appeal procedure

Free format text: NOTICE OF APPEAL FILED

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION