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US20160259404A1 - Systems and methods for augmented reality - Google Patents

Systems and methods for augmented reality Download PDF

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Publication number
US20160259404A1
US20160259404A1 US15/062,104 US201615062104A US2016259404A1 US 20160259404 A1 US20160259404 A1 US 20160259404A1 US 201615062104 A US201615062104 A US 201615062104A US 2016259404 A1 US2016259404 A1 US 2016259404A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
display system
electromagnetic
head
component
field emitter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US15/062,104
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English (en)
Inventor
Michael J. Woods
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Magic Leap Inc
Original Assignee
Magic Leap Inc
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Publication date
Priority to US15/062,104 priority Critical patent/US20160259404A1/en
Application filed by Magic Leap Inc filed Critical Magic Leap Inc
Assigned to MAGIC LEAP, INC. reassignment MAGIC LEAP, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: WOODS, MICHAEL
Publication of US20160259404A1 publication Critical patent/US20160259404A1/en
Priority to PCT/US2017/016722 priority patent/WO2017136833A1/fr
Priority to NZ744300A priority patent/NZ744300B2/en
Priority to EP17748352.6A priority patent/EP3411779A4/fr
Priority to CA3011377A priority patent/CA3011377C/fr
Priority to CN201780010073.0A priority patent/CN108700939B/zh
Priority to US15/425,837 priority patent/US10180734B2/en
Priority to CN202210650785.1A priority patent/CN114995647B/zh
Priority to AU2017214748A priority patent/AU2017214748B9/en
Priority to IL301449A priority patent/IL301449B2/en
Priority to KR1020187025638A priority patent/KR102721084B1/ko
Priority to JP2018540434A priority patent/JP2019505926A/ja
Priority to KR1020247034640A priority patent/KR102779068B1/ko
Priority to IL260614A priority patent/IL260614A/en
Priority to US16/220,617 priority patent/US10678324B2/en
Priority to US16/220,630 priority patent/US10838207B2/en
Assigned to JP MORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A. reassignment JP MORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A. PATENT SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: MAGIC LEAP, INC., MENTOR ACQUISITION ONE, LLC, MOLECULAR IMPRINTS, INC.
Assigned to CITIBANK, N.A. reassignment CITIBANK, N.A. ASSIGNMENT OF SECURITY INTEREST IN PATENTS Assignors: JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A.
Priority to US17/022,317 priority patent/US11256090B2/en
Priority to US17/137,107 priority patent/US11429183B2/en
Priority to JP2021168082A priority patent/JP7297028B2/ja
Priority to IL293782A priority patent/IL293782B2/en
Priority to US17/813,442 priority patent/US11619988B2/en
Priority to US18/168,797 priority patent/US12386417B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/011—Arrangements for interaction with the human body, e.g. for user immersion in virtual reality
    • G06F3/012—Head tracking input arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/38—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system
    • G01S19/39—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system the satellite radio beacon positioning system transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/42—Determining position
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/017—Gesture based interaction, e.g. based on a set of recognized hand gestures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/0304—Detection arrangements using opto-electronic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/033—Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor
    • G06F3/0346—Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor with detection of the device orientation or free movement in a 3D space, e.g. 3D mice, 6-DOF [six degrees of freedom] pointers using gyroscopes, accelerometers or tilt-sensors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T19/00—Manipulating 3D models or images for computer graphics
    • G06T19/006—Mixed reality
    • G06T7/004—
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0179—Display position adjusting means not related to the information to be displayed
    • G02B2027/0187—Display position adjusting means not related to the information to be displayed slaved to motion of at least a part of the body of the user, e.g. head, eye
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted

Definitions

  • a virtual reality, or “VR”, scenario typically involves presentation of digital or virtual image information without transparency to other actual real-world visual input.
  • An augmented reality, or “AR”, scenario typically involves presentation of digital or virtual image information as an augmentation to visualization of the actual world around the user.
  • an augmented reality scene 4 is depicted wherein a user of an AR technology sees a real-world park-like setting 6 featuring people, trees, buildings in the background, and a concrete platform 1120 .
  • the user of the AR technology may also perceive a robot statue 1110 standing upon the real-world platform 1120 , and a cartoon-like avatar character 2 flying around the park.
  • the virtual elements 2 and 1110 do not exist in the real world, but the user perceives these virtual objects as being part of, and as interacting with objects of the real world (e.g., 6 , 1120 , etc.).
  • the human visual perception system is very complex, and producing such an AR scene that facilitates a comfortable, natural-feeling, rich presentation of virtual image elements amongst other virtual or real-world imagery elements is challenging.
  • head-worn AR displays e.g., helmet-mounted displays, or smart glasses
  • head-worn AR displays may be coupled to a user's head, and thus may move when the user's head moves. If the user's head motions are detected by the display system, the data being displayed can be updated to take the change in head pose into account.
  • the head pose may be utilized to appropriately render virtual content to the user. Thus any small variation may disrupt and/or diminish the delivery or timing of virtual content that is delivered to the user's AR display.
  • a user wearing a head-worn display views a virtual representation of a three-dimensional (3-D) object on the display and walks around the area where the 3-D object appears, that 3-D object can be re-rendered for each viewpoint, giving the user the perception that he or she is walking around an object that occupies real space.
  • the head-worn display is used to present multiple objects within a virtual space (for instance, a rich virtual world)
  • measurements of head pose i.e., the location and orientation of the user's head
  • detection and/or calculation of head pose and/or hand pose can facilitate the AR display system to render virtual objects such that they appear to occupy a space in the real world in a manner that is congruent to the objects of the real world.
  • Presenting an AR scene realistically such that the virtual content does not seem jarring/disorienting in relation to one or more real objects improves the user's enjoyment of the AR experience.
  • detection of the position and/or orientation of a real object such as a handheld device (which also may be referred to as a “totem”), haptic device, or other real physical object, in relation to the user's head or AR system may also facilitate the display system in presenting display information to the user to enable the user to interact with certain aspects of the AR system efficiently.
  • head and/or hand movements may occur at a large variety of ranges and speeds.
  • the speed may vary not only between different types of head movements, but within or across the range of a single movement.
  • speed of head movement may initially increase (e.g., linearly or otherwise) from a starting point, and may decrease as an ending point is reached, obtaining a maximum speed somewhere between the starting and ending points of the head movement. Rapid movements may even exceed the ability of the particular display or projection technology to render images that appear uniform and/or as smooth motion to the end user.
  • Head or hand tracking accuracy and latency have been challenges for VR and AR systems.
  • accuracy of tracking is high and that the overall system latency is very low from the first detection of motion to the updating of the light that is delivered by the display to the user's visual system. If the latency is high, the system can create a mismatch between the user's vestibular and visual sensory systems, and generate a user perception scenario that can lead to motion sickness or simulator sickness. If the system latency is high, the apparent location of virtual objects may appear unstable during rapid head motions.
  • head-worn display systems can also benefit from accurate and low-latency head pose detection.
  • These may include head-tracked display systems in which the display is not worn on the user's body, but is, e.g., mounted on a wall or other surface.
  • the head-tracked display may act like a window onto a scene, and as a user moves his head relative to the “window” the scene is re-rendered to match the user's changing viewpoint.
  • Other systems may include a head-worn projection system, in which a head-worn display projects light onto the real world.
  • AR systems may be designed to be interactive with the user. For example, multiple users may play a ball game with a virtual ball and/or other virtual objects. One user may “catch” the virtual ball, and throw the ball back to another user.
  • a first user may be provided with a totem (e.g., a physical “bat” communicatively coupled to the AR system) to hit the virtual ball.
  • a virtual user interface may be presented to the AR user to allow the user to select one of many options. The user may use totems, haptic devices, wearable components, or simply touch the virtual screen to interact with the system.
  • Detecting a pose and an orientation of the user may enable the AR system to display virtual content in an effective and enjoyable manner.
  • the AR system must recognize a physical location of a real object (e.g., user's head, totem, haptic device, wearable component, user's hand, etc.) and correlate the physical coordinates of the real object to virtual coordinates corresponding to one or more virtual objects being displayed to the user.
  • This process can be improved by highly accurate sensors and sensor recognition systems that track a position and orientation of one or more objects at rapid rates. Current approaches do not perform localization at satisfactory speed or precision standards.
  • Embodiments of the present invention are directed to devices, systems and methods for facilitating virtual reality and/or augmented reality interaction for one or more users.
  • an augmented reality (AR) display system comprises an electromagnetic field emitter to emit a known magnetic field, an electromagnetic sensor to measure a parameter related to a magnetic flux measured at the electromagnetic sensor as a result of the emitted known magnetic field, wherein world coordinates of the electromagnetic sensor are known, a controller to determine pose information relative to the electromagnetic field emitter based at least in part on the measure parameter related to the magnetic flux measured at the electromagnetic sensor, and a display system to display virtual content to a user based at least in part on the determined pose information relative to the electromagnetic field emitter.
  • AR augmented reality
  • the electromagnetic field emitter resides in a mobile component of the AR display system.
  • the mobile component is a hand-held component.
  • the mobile component is a totem.
  • the mobile component is a head-mounted component of the AR display system.
  • the AR display system further comprises a head-mounted component that houses the display system, wherein the electromagnetic sensor is operatively coupled to the head-mounted component.
  • the world coordinates of the electromagnetic sensor is known based at least in part on SLAM analysis performed to determine head pose information, wherein the electromagnetic sensor is operatively coupled to a head-mounted component that houses the display system.
  • the AR display further comprises one or more cameras operatively coupled to the head-mounted component, and wherein the SLAM analysis is performed based at least on data captured by the one or more cameras.
  • the electromagnetic sensors comprise one or more inertial measurement units (IMUs).
  • the pose information corresponds to at least a position and orientation of the electromagnetic field emitter relative to the world. In one or more embodiments, the pose information is analyzed to determine world coordinates corresponding to the electromagnetic field emitter. In one or more embodiments, the controller detects an interaction with one or more virtual contents based at least in part on the pose information corresponding to the electromagnetic field emitter.
  • the display system displays virtual content to the user based at least in part on the detected interaction.
  • the electromagnetic sensor comprises at least three coils to measure magnetic flux in three directions. In one or more embodiments, the at least three coils are housed together at substantially the same location, the electromagnetic sensor being coupled to a head-mounted component of the AR display system.
  • the at least three coils are housed at different locations of the head-mounted component of the AR display system.
  • the AR display system of claim 1 further comprising a control and quick release module to decouple the magnetic field emitted by the electromagnetic field emitter.
  • the AR display system further comprises additional localization resources to determine the world coordinates of the electromagnetic field emitter.
  • the additional localization resources comprises a GPS receiver.
  • the additional localization resources comprises a beacon.
  • the electromagnetic sensor comprises a non-solid ferrite cube. In one or more embodiments, the electromagnetic sensor comprises a stack of ferrite disks. In one or more embodiments, the electromagnetic sensor comprises a plurality of ferrite rods each having a polymer coating. In one or more embodiments, the electromagnetic sensor comprises a time division multiplexing switch.
  • a method to display augmented reality comprises emitting, through an electromagnetic field emitter, a known magnetic field, measuring, through an electromagnetic sensor, a parameter related to a magnetic flux measured at the electromagnetic sensor as a result of the emitted known magnetic field, wherein world coordinates of the electromagnetic sensor are known, determining pose information relative to the electromagnetic field emitter based at least in part on the measured parameter related to the magnetic flux measured at the electromagnetic sensor, and displaying virtual content to a user based at least in part on the determined pose information relative to the electromagnetic field emitter.
  • the electromagnetic field emitter resides in a mobile component of the AR display system.
  • the mobile component is a hand-held component.
  • the mobile component is a totem.
  • the mobile component is a head-mounted component of the AR display system.
  • the method further comprises housing the display system in a head-mounted component, wherein the electromagnetic sensor is operatively coupled to the head-mounted component.
  • the world coordinates of the electromagnetic sensor is known based at least in part on SLAM analysis performed to determine head pose information, wherein the electromagnetic sensor is operatively coupled to a head-mounted component that houses the display system.
  • the electromagnetic sensors comprise one or more inertial measurement units (IMUs).
  • the pose information corresponds to at least a position and orientation of the electromagnetic field emitter relative to the world. In one or more embodiments, the pose information is analyzed to determine world coordinates corresponding to the electromagnetic field emitter. In one or more embodiments, the method further comprises detecting an interaction with one or more virtual contents based at least in part on the pose information corresponding to the electromagnetic field emitter.
  • the method further comprises displaying virtual content to the user based at least in part on the detected interaction.
  • the electromagnetic sensor comprises at least three coils to measure magnetic flux in three directions. In one or more embodiments, the at least three coils are housed together at substantially the same location, the electromagnetic sensor being coupled to a head-mounted component of the AR display system. In one or more embodiments, the at least three coils are housed at different locations of the head-mounted component of the AR display system.
  • the method further comprises decoupling the magnetic field emitted by the electromagnetic field emitter through a control and quick release module. In one or more embodiments, the method further comprises determining the world coordinates of the electromagnetic field emitter through additional localization resources. In one or more embodiments, the additional localization resources comprises a GPS receiver. In one or more embodiments, the additional localization resources comprises a beacon.
  • an augmented reality display system comprises a handheld component housing an electromagnetic field emitter, the electromagnetic field emitter emitting a known magnetic field, a head mounted component having a display system that displays virtual content to a user, the head mounted component coupled to one or more electromagnetic sensors that detect the magnetic field emitted by the electromagnetic field emitter housed in the handheld component, wherein a head pose is known, and a controller communicatively coupled to the handheld component and the head mounted component, the controller receiving magnetic field data from the handheld component, and receiving sensor data from the head mounted component, wherein the controller determines a hand pose based at least in part on the received magnetic field data and the received sensor data, wherein the display system modifies the virtual content displayed to the user based at least in part on the determined hand pose.
  • the handheld component is mobile. In one or more embodiments, the handheld component is a totem. In one or more embodiments, the handheld component is a gaming component. In one or more embodiments, the head pose is known based at least in part on SLAM analysis.
  • the AR display system further comprises one or more cameras operatively coupled to the head-mounted component, and wherein the SLAM analysis is performed based at least on data captured by the one or more cameras.
  • the electromagnetic sensor comprises one or more inertial measurement units (IMUs).
  • the head pose corresponds to at least a position and orientation of the electromagnetic sensor relative to the world.
  • the hand pose is analyzed to determine world coordinates corresponding to the handheld component.
  • the controller detects an interaction with one or more virtual contents based at least in part on the determined hand pose.
  • the display system displays the virtual content to the user based at least in part on the detected interaction.
  • the electromagnetic sensor comprises at least three coils to measure magnetic flux in three directions. In one or more embodiments, the at least three coils are housed together at substantially the same location. In one or more embodiments, the at least three coils are housed at different locations of the head-mounted component.
  • the AR display system further comprises a control and quick release module to decouple the magnetic field emitted by the electromagnetic field emitter.
  • the AR display system further comprises additional localization resources to determine the hand pose.
  • the additional localization resources comprises a GPS receiver.
  • the additional localization resources comprises a beacon.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a plan view of an AR scene displayed to a user of an AR system according to one embodiment.
  • FIGS. 2A-2D illustrate various embodiments of wearable AR devices
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an example embodiment of a user of a wearable AR device interacting with one or more cloud servers of the AR system.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an example embodiment of an electromagnetic tracking system.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an example method of determining a position and orientation of sensors, according to one example embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates an example diagram of utilizing an electromagnetic tracking system to determine head pose.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an example method of delivering virtual content to a user based on detected head pose.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic view of various components of an AR system according to one embodiment having an electromagnetic transmitter and electromagnetic sensors.
  • FIGS. 9A-9F illustrate various embodiments of the control and quick release module.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates one simplified embodiment of the AR device.
  • FIGS. 11A and 11B illustrate various embodiments of placement of the electromagnetic sensors on the head-mounted AR system.
  • FIGS. 12A-12E illustrate various embodiments of a ferrite cube to be coupled to the electromagnetic sensors.
  • FIG. 13A-13C illustrate various embodiments of circuitry of the electromagnetic sensors.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates an example method of using an electromagnetic tracking system to detect head and hand pose.
  • FIG. 15 illustrates another example method of using an electromagnetic tracking system to detect head and hand pose.
  • FIGS. 2A-2D some general componentry options are illustrated.
  • various systems, subsystems, and components are presented for addressing the objectives of providing a high-quality, comfortably-perceived display system for human VR and/or AR.
  • an AR system user 60 is depicted wearing a head mounted component 58 featuring a frame 64 structure coupled to a display system 62 positioned in front of the eyes of the user.
  • a speaker 66 is coupled to the frame 64 in the depicted configuration and positioned adjacent the ear canal of the user (in one embodiment, another speaker, not shown, is positioned adjacent the other ear canal of the user to provide for stereo/shapeable sound control).
  • the display 62 may be operatively coupled 68 , such as by a wired lead or wireless connectivity, to a local processing and data module 70 which may be mounted in a variety of configurations, such as fixedly attached to the frame 64 , fixedly attached to a helmet or hat 80 as shown in the embodiment of FIG.
  • FIG. 2B embedded in headphones, removably attached to the torso 82 of the user 60 in a backpack-style configuration as shown in the embodiment of FIG. 2C , or removably attached to the hip 84 of the user 60 in a belt-coupling style configuration as shown in the embodiment of FIG. 2D .
  • the local processing and data module 70 may comprise a power-efficient processor or controller, as well as digital memory, such as flash memory, both of which may be utilized to assist in the processing, caching, and storage of data, which may be (a) captured from sensors which may be operatively coupled to the frame 64 , such as image capture devices (such as cameras), microphones, inertial measurement units, accelerometers, compasses, GPS units, radio devices, and/or gyros; and/or (b) acquired and/or processed using the remote processing module 72 and/or remote data repository 74 , possibly for passage to the display 62 after such processing or retrieval.
  • image capture devices such as cameras
  • microphones such as inertial measurement units
  • accelerometers compasses
  • GPS units GPS units
  • radio devices radio devices
  • the local processing and data module 70 may be operatively coupled ( 76 , 78 ), such as via a wired or wireless communication links, to the remote processing module 72 and remote data repository 74 such that these remote modules ( 72 , 74 ) are operatively coupled to each other and available as resources to the local processing and data module 70 .
  • the remote processing module 72 may comprise one or more relatively powerful processors or controllers configured to analyze and process data and/or image information.
  • the remote data repository 74 may comprise a relatively large-scale digital data storage facility, which may be available through the internet or other networking configuration in a “cloud” resource configuration. In one embodiment, all data may be stored and all computation may be performed in the local processing and data module, allowing fully autonomous use from any remote modules.
  • FIG. 3 a schematic illustrates coordination between the cloud computing assets 46 and local processing assets, which may, for example reside in head mounted componentry 58 coupled to the user's head 120 and a local processing and data module 70 , coupled to the user's belt 308 ; therefore the component 70 may also be termed a “belt pack” 70 , as shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the cloud 46 assets such as one or more cloud server systems 110 are operatively coupled 115 , such as via wired or wireless networking (wireless being preferred for mobility, wired being preferred for certain high-bandwidth or high-data-volume transfers that may be desired), directly to ( 40 , 42 ) one or both of the local computing assets, such as processor and memory configurations, coupled to the user's head 120 and belt 308 as described above.
  • These computing assets local to the user may be operatively coupled to each other as well, via wired and/or wireless connectivity configurations 44 , such as the wired coupling 68 discussed below in reference to FIG. 8 .
  • primary transfer between the user and the cloud 46 may be via the link between the subsystem mounted at the belt 308 and the cloud, with the head mounted subsystem 120 primarily data-tethered to the belt-based subsystem 308 using wireless connectivity, such as ultra-wideband (“UWB”) connectivity, as is currently employed, for example, in personal computing peripheral connectivity applications.
  • wireless connectivity such as ultra-wideband (“UWB”) connectivity
  • a map of the world may be continually updated at a storage location which may partially reside on the user's AR system and partially reside in the cloud resources.
  • the map (also referred to as a “passable world model”) may be a large database comprising raster imagery, 3-D and 2-D points, parametric information and other information about the real world. As more and more AR users continually capture information about their real environment (e.g., through cameras, sensors, IMUs, etc.), the map becomes more and more accurate and complete.
  • such a world can be “passable” to one or more users in a relatively low bandwidth form. This may be preferable to transferring real-time video data or similar complex information from one AR system to another.
  • the augmented experience of the person standing near the statue i.e., as shown in FIG. 1
  • the cloud-based world model may be informed by the cloud-based world model, a subset of which may be passed down to the person's local display device to complete the view.
  • a person sitting at a remote display device e.g., a personal computer sitting on a desk, can efficiently download that same section of information from the cloud and have it rendered on the personal computer display.
  • yet another user may be present in real-time at the park, and may take a walk in that park, with a friend (e.g., the person at the personal computer) joining the user through a shared AR and/or VR experience.
  • the AR system may detect a location of the street, a location of the trees in the park, a location of the statue, etc. This location may be uploaded to the passable world model in the cloud, and the friend (at the personal computer) can download the portion of the passable world from the cloud, and then start “walking along” with the AR user in the park.
  • the friend may be rendered as an avatar in the passable world model to the AR user in the park such that the AR user can walk alongside the virtual friend in the park.
  • 3-D points pertaining to various objects may be captured from the environment, and the pose (i.e., vector and/or origin position information relative to the world) of the cameras that capture those images or points may be determined. These 3-D points may be “tagged”, or associated, with this pose information.
  • points captured by a second camera may be utilized to determine the head pose of the second camera.
  • this information may be utilized to extract textures, make maps, and create one or more virtual copies of the real world.
  • the AR system can be utilized to capture both 3-D points and the 2-D images that produced the points. As discussed above, these points and images may be sent out to the cloud storage and processing resource (e.g., the servers 110 of FIG. 3 ), in some embodiments. In other embodiments, this information may be cached locally with embedded pose information (i.e., the tagged images) such that tagged 2-D images are sent to the cloud along with 3-D points. If a user is observing a dynamic scene, the user may also send additional information up to the cloud servers. In one or more embodiments, object recognizers may run (either on the cloud resource or on the local system) in order to recognize one or more objects in the captured points.
  • the cloud storage and processing resource e.g., the servers 110 of FIG. 3
  • this information may be cached locally with embedded pose information (i.e., the tagged images) such that tagged 2-D images are sent to the cloud along with 3-D points.
  • object recognizers may run (either on the cloud resource or on the local system)
  • the user's position must be localized to a granular degree, because it may be important to know the user's head pose, as well as hand pose (if the user is clutching a handheld component, gesturing, etc.).
  • GPS and other localization information may be utilized as inputs to such processing.
  • Highly accurate localization of the user's head, totems, hand gestures, haptic devices etc. are desirable in processing images and points derived from a particular AR system, and also in order to displaying appropriate virtual content to the user.
  • Electromagnetic tracking systems typically comprise at least an electromagnetic field emitter and at least one electromagnetic field sensor.
  • the electromagnetic sensors may measure electromagnetic fields with a known distribution. Based on these measurements a position and orientation of a field sensor relative to the emitter is determined.
  • the electromagnetic tracking system comprises an electromagnetic field emitter 402 which is configured to emit a known magnetic field.
  • the electromagnetic field emitter 402 may be coupled to a power supply 410 (e.g., electric current, batteries, etc.) to provide power to the electromagnetic field emitter 402 .
  • the electromagnetic field emitter 402 comprises several coils (e.g., at least three coils positioned perpendicular to each other to produce a field in the x, y and z directions) that generate magnetic fields. These magnetic fields are used to establish a coordinate space. This may allow the system to map a position of the sensors 404 in relation to the known magnetic field, which, in turn, helps determine a position and/or orientation of the sensors 404 .
  • the electromagnetic sensors 404 a , 404 b , etc. may be attached to one or more real objects.
  • the electromagnetic sensors 404 may comprise smaller coils in which current may be induced through the emitted electromagnetic field.
  • the “sensor” components 404 may comprise small coils or loops, such as a set of three differently-oriented (i.e., such as orthogonally oriented relative to each other) coils coupled together within a small structure such as a cube or other container, that are positioned/oriented to capture incoming magnetic flux from the magnetic field emitted by the electromagnetic emitter 402 .
  • a relative position and orientation of a sensor 404 relative to the electromagnetic emitter 402 may be calculated.
  • One or more parameters pertaining to a behavior of the coils in the electromagnetic tracking sensors 404 and the inertial measurement unit (“IMU”) components operatively coupled to the electromagnetic tracking sensors 404 may be measured in order to detect a position and/or orientation of the sensor 404 (and the object to which it is attached to) relative to a coordinate system to which the electromagnetic field emitter 402 is coupled.
  • this coordinate system may be translated into a world coordinate system, in order to determine a location or pose of the electromagnetic field emitter in the real world.
  • multiple sensors 404 may be used in relation to the electromagnetic emitter 402 to detect a position and orientation of each of the sensors 404 within the coordinate space associated with the electromagnetic field emitter 402 .
  • head pose may already be known based on sensors on the headmounted component of the AR system, and SLAM analysis performed based on sensor data and image data captured through the headmounted AR system.
  • it may be important to know a position of the user's hand (e.g., a handheld component like a totem, etc.) relative to the known head pose.
  • it may be important to know a hand pose relative to the head pose.
  • the electromagnetic tracking system may provide 3-D positions (i.e., X, Y and Z directions) of the sensors 404 , and may further provide location information of the sensors 404 in two or three orientation angles.
  • measurements of the IMUs may be compared to the measurements of the coil to determine a position and orientation of the sensors 404 .
  • both electromagnetic (EM) data and IMU data, along with various other sources of data, such as cameras, depth sensors, and other sensors, may be combined to determine the position and orientation of the electromagnetic sensors 404 .
  • this information may be transmitted (e.g., wireless communication, Bluetooth, etc.) to a controller 406 .
  • pose information e.g., position and orientation
  • an electromagnetic emitter 402 may be coupled to a relatively stable and large object, such as a table, operating table, wall, or ceiling, etc. and one or more sensors 404 may be coupled to smaller objects, such as medical devices, handheld gaming components, totems, frame of the head-mounted AR system, or the like.
  • various features of the electromagnetic tracking system may be employed to produce a configuration wherein changes or deltas in position and/or orientation between two objects that move in space relative to a more stable global coordinate system may be tracked.
  • a configuration is shown in FIG. 6 wherein a variation of an electromagnetic tracking system may be utilized to track position and orientation changes between a head-mounted component and a hand-held component, while head pose relative to the global coordinate system (say of the room environment local to the user) is determined otherwise, such as by simultaneous localization and mapping (“SLAM”) techniques using outward-capturing cameras which may be coupled to the head mounted component of the AR system.
  • SLAM simultaneous localization and mapping
  • the controller 406 may control the electromagnetic field emitter 402 , and may also capture measurement data from the various electromagnetic sensors 404 . It should be appreciated that the various components of the system may be coupled to each other through any electro-mechanical or wireless/Bluetooth means.
  • the controller 406 may also store data regarding the known magnetic field, and the coordinate space in relation to the magnetic field. This information may then be used to detect the position and orientation of the sensors 404 in relation to the coordinate space corresponding to the known electromagnetic field, which can then be used to determined world coordinates of the user's hand (e.g., location of the electromagnetic emitter).
  • electromagnetic tracking systems can produce highly accurate tracking results with minimal latency and high resolution. Additionally, the electromagnetic tracking system does not necessarily rely on optical trackers, thereby making it easier to track sensors/objects that are not in the user's line-of-vision.
  • the strength of the electromagnetic field (“v”) drops as a cubic function of distance (“r”) from a coil transmitter (e.g., electromagnetic field emitter 402 ).
  • One or more algorithms may be formulated based on a distance of the sensors from the electromagnetic field emitter.
  • the controller 406 may be configured with such algorithms to determine a position and orientation of the sensor/object at varying distances away from the electromagnetic field emitter. Given the rapid decline of the strength of the electromagnetic field as one moves farther away from the electromagnetic emitter, improved results, in terms of accuracy, efficiency and low latency, may be achieved at closer distances.
  • the electromagnetic field emitter is powered by electric current (e.g., plug-in power supply) and has sensors located within a 20 ft. radius away from the electromagnetic field emitter. A shorter radius between the sensors and field emitter may be more desirable in many applications, including AR applications.
  • the electromagnetic field emitter may generate a magnetic field.
  • each coil of the emitter may generate an electric field in one direction (e.g., x, y or z).
  • the magnetic fields may be generated with an arbitrary waveform.
  • each of the axes may oscillate at a slightly different frequency.
  • a coordinate space corresponding to the electromagnetic field may be determined.
  • the controller 406 of FIG. 4 may automatically determine a coordinate space around the electromagnetic emitter based on parameters of the electromagnetic field.
  • a behavior of the coils at the sensors (which may be attached to a known object) may be detected/measured. For example, a current induced at the coils may be measured. In other embodiments, a rotation of a coil, or other quantifiable behavior may be tracked and measured.
  • this measurement may be used to determine/calculate a position and orientation of the sensor(s) and/or known object. For example, the controller may consult a mapping table that correlates a behavior of the coils at the sensors to various positions or orientations.
  • the position and orientation of the sensors (or object attached thereto) within the coordinate space may be determined.
  • the pose/location information may be determined at the sensors.
  • the sensors communicate data detected at the sensors to the controller, and the controller may consult the mapping table to determined pose information relative to the known magnetic field (e.g., coordinates relative to the handheld component).
  • one or more components of the electromagnetic tracking system may need to be modified in order to facilitate accurate tracking of mobile components.
  • tracking the user's head pose and orientation is helpful in many AR applications.
  • Accurate determination of the user's head pose and orientation allows the AR system to display the right virtual content to the user in the appropriate position in the AR display.
  • the virtual scene may comprise a monster hiding behind a real building.
  • the view of the virtual monster may need to be modified such that a realistic AR experience is provided.
  • a position and/or orientation of a totem, haptic device or some other means of interacting with a virtual content may be important in enabling the AR user to interact with the AR system.
  • the AR system must detect a position and orientation of a real object in relation to virtual content.
  • a position of a totem, user's hand, haptic device or any other real object configured for interaction with the AR system must be known in relation to the displayed virtual interface in order for the system to understand a command, etc.
  • Conventional localization methods including optical tracking and other methods are typically plagued with high latency and low resolution problems, which makes rendering virtual content challenging in many AR applications.
  • the electromagnetic tracking system may be adapted to the AR system to detect position and orientation of one or more objects in relation to an emitted electromagnetic field.
  • Typical electromagnetic systems tend to have large and bulky electromagnetic emitters (e.g., 402 in FIG. 4 ), which may make them less-than-ideal for use in AR applications.
  • smaller electromagnetic emitters e.g., in the millimeter range
  • an electromagnetic tracking system may be incorporated into an AR system as shown, with an electromagnetic field emitter 602 incorporated as part of a hand-held controller 606 .
  • the hand-held controller may be a totem to be used in a gaming application.
  • the hand-held controller may be a haptic device that may be used to interact with the AR system (e.g., via a virtual user interface).
  • the electromagnetic field emitter may simply be incorporated as part of the belt pack 70 , as shown in FIG. 2D .
  • the hand-held controller 606 may comprise a battery 610 or other power supply that powers the electromagnetic field emitter 602 .
  • the electromagnetic field emitter 602 may also comprise or be coupled to an IMU component 650 that is configured to assist in determining position and/or orientation of the electromagnetic field emitter 602 relative to other components. This may be useful in cases where both the electromagnetic field emitter 602 and the sensors 604 (discussed in further detail below) are mobile. In some embodiments, placing the electromagnetic field emitter 602 in the hand-held controller rather than the belt pack, as shown in the embodiment of FIG. 6 , ensures that the electromagnetic field emitter does not compete for resources at the belt pack, but rather uses its own battery source at the hand-held controller 606 .
  • electromagnetic sensors 604 may be placed on one or more locations on the user's headset 58 , along with other sensing devices such as one or more IMUs or additional magnetic flux capturing coils 608 .
  • sensors 604 , 608 may be placed on either side of the head set 58 . Since these sensors 604 , 608 are engineered to be rather small (and hence may be less sensitive, in some cases), it may be important to include multiple sensors in order to improve efficiency and precision of the measurements.
  • one or more sensors 604 , 608 may also be placed on the belt pack 620 or any other part of the user's body.
  • the sensors 604 , 608 may communicate wirelessly or through Bluetooth® with a computing apparatus 607 (e.g., the controller) that determines a pose and orientation of the sensors 604 , 608 (and the AR headset 58 to which they are attached) in relation to the known magnetic field emitted by the electromagnetic field emitter 602 .
  • the computing apparatus 607 may reside at the belt pack 620 . In other embodiments, the computing apparatus 607 may reside at the headset 58 itself, or even the hand-held controller 604 .
  • the computing apparatus 607 may receive the measurements of the sensors 604 , 608 , and determine a position and orientation of the sensors 604 , 608 in relation to the known electromagnetic field emitted by the electromagnetic filed emitter 602 .
  • a mapping database 632 may be consulted to determine the location coordinates of the sensors 604 , 608 .
  • the mapping database 632 may reside in the belt pack 620 in some embodiments.
  • the mapping database 632 resides on a cloud resource 630 .
  • the computing apparatus 607 communicates wirelessly to the cloud resource 630 .
  • the determined pose information in conjunction with points and images collected by the AR system may then be communicated to the cloud resource 630 , and then be added to the passable world model 634 .
  • the electromagnetic field emitter may be engineered to be compact, using smaller coils compared to traditional systems.
  • a shorter radius between the electromagnetic sensors 604 and the electromagnetic field emitter 602 may reduce power consumption while maintaining acceptable field strength when compared to conventional systems such as the one detailed in FIG. 4 .
  • this feature may be utilized to prolong the life of the battery 610 that powers the controller 606 and the electromagnetic field emitter 602 .
  • this feature may be utilized to reduce the size of the coils generating the magnetic field at the electromagnetic field emitter 602 .
  • the power of the electromagnetic field emitter 602 may be need to be increased. This allows for an electromagnetic field emitter unit 602 that may fit compactly at the hand-held controller 606 .
  • IMU-based pose tracking may be used.
  • maintaining the IMUs as stable as possible increases an efficiency of the pose detection process.
  • the IMUs may be engineered such that they remain stable up to 50-100 milliseconds, which results in stable signals with pose update/reporting rates of 10-20 Hz.
  • some embodiments may utilize an outside pose estimator module (because IMUs may drift over time) that may enable pose updates to be reported at a rate of 10-20 Hz. By keeping the IMUs stable for a reasonable amount of time, the rate of pose updates may be dramatically decreased to 10-20 Hz (as compared to higher frequencies in conventional systems).
  • Yet another way to conserve power of the AR system may be to run the electromagnetic tracking system at a 10% duty cycle (e.g., only pinging for ground every 100 milliseconds). In other words, the electromagnetic tracking system operates for 10 milliseconds out of every 100 milliseconds to generate a pose estimate. This directly translates to power savings, which may, in turn, affect size, battery life and cost of the AR device.
  • a 10% duty cycle e.g., only pinging for ground every 100 milliseconds.
  • this reduction in duty cycle may be strategically utilized by providing two hand-held controllers (not shown) rather than just one.
  • the user may be playing a game that requires two totems, etc.
  • two users may have their own totems/hand-held controllers to play the game.
  • the controllers may operate at offset duty cycles.
  • the same concept may also be applied to controllers utilized by two different users playing a multi-player game, for example.
  • the hand-held controller 606 emits a magnetic field.
  • the electromagnetic sensors 604 (placed on headset 58 , belt pack 620 , etc.) detect the magnetic field.
  • a position and orientation of the headset/belt is determined based on a behavior of the coils/IMUs 608 at the sensors 604 .
  • the detected behavior of the sensors 604 is communicated to the computing apparatus 607 , which in turn determines the position and orientation of the sensors 604 in relation to the electromagnetic field (e.g., coordinates relative to the hand-held component).
  • the computing apparatus 607 determines the position and orientation of the sensors 604 in relation to the electromagnetic field (e.g., coordinates relative to the hand-held component).
  • these coordinates may then be converted to world coordinates, since the head pose relative to the world may be known through SLAM processing, as discussed above.
  • the pose information is conveyed to the computing apparatus 607 (e.g., at the belt pack 620 or headset 58 ).
  • the passable world model 634 may be consulted determine virtual content to be displayed to the user based on the determined head pose and hand pose.
  • virtual content may be delivered to the user at the AR headset 58 based on the correlation. It should be appreciated that the flowchart described above is for illustrative purposes only, and should not be read as limiting.
  • an electromagnetic tracking system similar to the one outlined in FIG. 6 enables pose tracking at a higher refresh rate and lower latency (e.g., head position and orientation, position and orientation of totems, and other controllers). This allows the AR system to project virtual content with a higher degree of accuracy, and with lower latency when compared to optical tracking techniques for calculating pose information.
  • a higher refresh rate and lower latency e.g., head position and orientation, position and orientation of totems, and other controllers.
  • FIG. 8 a system configuration is illustrated featuring many sensing components, similar to the sensors described above. It should be appreciated that the reference numbers of FIGS. 2A-2D , and FIG. 6 are repeated in FIG. 8 .
  • a head mounted wearable component 58 is shown operatively coupled 68 to a local processing and data module 70 , such as a belt pack (similar to FIG. 2D ), here using a physical multicore lead which also features a control and quick release module 86 as described below in reference to FIGS. 9A-9F .
  • the local processing and data module 70 may be operatively coupled 100 to a hand held component 606 (similar to FIG. 6 ).
  • the local processing module 70 may be coupled to the hand-held component 606 through a wireless connection such as low power Bluetooth®.
  • the hand held component 606 may also be operatively coupled 94 directly to the head mounted wearable component 58 , such as by a wireless connection such as low power Bluetooth®.
  • a high-frequency connection may be desirable, such as in the range of hundreds or thousands of cycles/second or higher.
  • tens of cycles per second may be adequate for electromagnetic localization sensing, such as by the sensor 604 and transmitter 602 pairings.
  • a global coordinate system 10 representative of fixed objects in the real world around the user, such as a wall 8 .
  • Cloud resources 46 also may be operatively coupled 42 , 40 , 88 , 90 to the local processing and data module 70 , to the head mounted wearable component 58 , to resources which may be coupled to the wall 8 or other item fixed relative to the global coordinate system 10 , respectively.
  • the resources coupled to the wall 8 or having known positions and/or orientations relative to the global coordinate system 10 may include a Wi-Fi transceiver 114 , an electromagnetic emitter 602 and/or receiver 604 , a beacon or reflector 112 configured to emit or reflect a given type of radiation, such as an infrared LED beacon, a cellular network transceiver 110 , a RADAR emitter or detector 108 , a LIDAR emitter or detector 106 , a GPS transceiver 118 , a poster or marker having a known detectable pattern 122 , and a camera 124 .
  • a Wi-Fi transceiver 114 an electromagnetic emitter 602 and/or receiver 604
  • a beacon or reflector 112 configured to emit or reflect a given type of radiation, such as an infrared LED beacon, a cellular network transceiver 110 , a RADAR emitter or detector 108 , a LIDAR emitter or detector 106 , a GPS trans
  • the head mounted wearable component 58 features similar components, as illustrated, in addition to lighting emitters 130 configured to assist the camera 124 detectors, such as infrared emitters 130 for an infrared camera 124 .
  • the head mounted wearable component 58 may further comprise one or more strain gauges 116 , which may be fixedly coupled to the frame or mechanical platform of the head mounted wearable component 58 and configured to determine deflection of such platform in between components such as electromagnetic receiver sensors 604 or display elements 62 , wherein it may be valuable to understand if bending of the platform has occurred, such as at a thinned portion of the platform, such as the portion above the nose on the eyeglasses-like platform depicted in FIG. 8 .
  • the head mounted wearable component 58 may also include a processor 128 and one or more IMUs 102 . Each of the components preferably are operatively coupled to the processor 128 .
  • the hand held component 606 and local processing and data module 70 are illustrated featuring similar components. As shown in FIG. 8 , with so many sensing and connectivity means, such a system is likely to be heavy, large, relatively expensive, and likely to consume large amounts of power. However, for illustrative purposes, such a system may be utilized to provide a very high level of connectivity, system component integration, and position/orientation tracking.
  • the various main mobile components may be localized in terms of position relative to the global coordinate system using Wi-Fi, GPS, or Cellular signal triangulation; beacons, electromagnetic tracking (as described above), RADAR, and LIDIR systems may provide yet further location and/or orientation information and feedback. Markers and cameras also may be utilized to provide further information regarding relative and absolute position and orientation.
  • the various camera components 124 such as those shown coupled to the head mounted wearable component 58 , may be utilized to capture data which may be utilized in simultaneous localization and mapping protocols, or “SLAM”, to determine where the component 58 is and how it is oriented relative to other components.
  • FIGS. 9A-9F various aspects of the control and quick release module 86 are depicted.
  • FIG. 9A two outer housing 134 components are coupled together using a magnetic coupling configuration which may be enhanced with mechanical latching. Buttons 136 for operation of the associated system may be included.
  • FIG. 9B illustrates a partial cutaway view with the buttons 136 and underlying top printed circuit board 138 shown.
  • FIG. 9C with the buttons 136 and underlying top printed circuit board 138 removed, a female contact pin array 140 is visible.
  • FIG. 9D with an opposite portion of housing 134 removed, the lower printed circuit board 142 is visible. With the lower printed circuit board 142 removed, as shown in FIG. 9E , a male contact pin array 144 is visible.
  • the male pins or female pins are configured to be spring-loaded such that they may be depressed along each pin's longitudinal axis.
  • the pins may be termed “pogo pins” and may generally comprise a highly conductive material, such as copper or gold.
  • the illustrated configuration may mate 46 male pins with female pins, and the entire assembly may be quick-release decoupled in half by manually pulling it apart and overcoming a magnetic interface 146 load which may be developed using north and south magnets oriented around the perimeters of the pin arrays 140 , 144 .
  • an approximate 2 kg load from compressing the 46 pogo pins is countered with a closure maintenance force of about 4 kg.
  • the pins in the arrays 140 , 144 may be separated by about 1.3 mm, and the pins may be operatively coupled to conductive lines of various types, such as twisted pairs or other combinations to support USB 3.0, HDMI 2.0, I2S signals, GPIO, and MIPI configurations, and high current analog lines and grounds configured for up to about 4 amps/5 volts in one embodiment.
  • an electromagnetic sensing coil assembly ( 604 , e.g., 3 individual coils coupled to a housing) is shown coupled to a head mounted component 58 .
  • a head mounted component 58 Such a configuration adds additional geometry (i.e., a protrusion) to the overall assembly which may not be desirable.
  • FIG. 11B rather than housing the coils in a box or single housing as in the configuration of FIG. 11A , the individual coils may be integrated into the various structures of the head mounted component 58 , as shown in FIG. 11B .
  • x-axis coil 148 may be placed in one portion of the head mounted component 58 (e.g., the center of the frame).
  • the y-axis coil 150 may be placed in another portion of the head mounted component 58 (e.g., either bottom side of the frame).
  • the z-axis coil 152 may be placed in yet another portion of the head mounted component 58 (e.g., either top side of the frame).
  • FIGS. 12A-12E illustrate various configurations for featuring a ferrite core coupled to an electromagnetic sensor to increase field sensitivity.
  • the ferrite core may be a solid cube 1202 .
  • the solid cube may be most effective in increasing field sensitivity, it may also be the most heavy when compared to the remaining configurations depicted in FIGS. 12B-12E .
  • a plurality of ferrite disks 1204 may be coupled to the electromagnetic sensor.
  • a solid cube with a one axis air core 1206 may be coupled to the electromagnetic sensor. As shown in FIG.
  • an open space i.e., the air core
  • the air core may be formed in the solid cube along one axis. This may decrease the weight of the cube, while still providing the necessary field sensitivity.
  • a solid cube with a three axis air core 1208 may be coupled to the electromagnetic sensor. In this configuration, the solid cube is hollowed out along all three axes, thereby decreasing the weight of the cube considerably.
  • ferrite rods with plastic housing 1210 may also be coupled to the electromagnetic sensor. It should be appreciated that the embodiments of FIGS. 12B-12E are lighter in weight than the solid core configuration of FIG. 12A and may be utilized to save mass, as discussed above.
  • time division multiplexing may be utilized to save mass as well.
  • TDM time division multiplexing
  • FIG. 13A a conventional local data processing configuration is shown for a 3-coil electromagnetic receiver sensor, wherein analog currents come in from each of the X, Y, and Z coils ( 1302 , 1304 and 1306 ), go into a separate pre-amplifier 1308 , go into a separate band pass filter 1310 , a separate pre-amplifier 1312 , through an analog-to-digital converter 1314 , and ultimately to a digital signal processor 1316 .
  • time division multiplexing may be utilized to share hardware, such that each coil sensor chain doesn't require its own amplifiers, etc. This may be achieved through a TDM switch 1320 , as shown in FIG. 13B , which facilitates processing of signals to and from multiple transmitters and receivers using the same set of hardware components (amplifiers, etc.).
  • signal to noise ratios may be increased by having more than one set of electromagnetic sensors, each set being relatively small relative to a single larger coil set.
  • the low-side frequency limits which generally are needed to have multiple sensing coils in close proximity, may be improved to facilitate bandwidth requirement improvements.
  • multiplexing there may be a tradeoff with multiplexing, in that multiplexing generally spreads out the reception of radiofrequency signals in time, which results in generally coarser signals. Thus, larger coil diameters may be required for multiplexed systems. For example, where a multiplexed system may require a 9 mm-side dimension cubic coil sensor box, a non-multiplexed system may only require a 7 mm-side dimension cubic coil box for similar performance. Thus, it should be noted that there may be tradeoffs in minimizing geometry and mass.
  • the system may be configured to selectively utilize the sensor and electromagnetic emitter pairing that are closest to each other to optimize the performance of the system.
  • a head mounted component assembly may capture a combination of IMU and camera data (the camera data being used, for example, for SLAM analysis, such as at the belt pack processor where there may be more RAW processing horsepower present) to determine and update head pose (i.e., position and orientation) relative to a real world global coordinate system 162 .
  • the user may also activate a handheld component to, for example, play an augmented reality game 164 , and the handheld component may comprise an electromagnetic transmitter operatively coupled to one or both of the belt pack and head mounted component 166 .
  • One or more electromagnetic field coil receiver sets (e.g., a set being 3 differently-oriented individual coils) coupled to the head mounted component may be used to capture magnetic flux from the electromagnetic transmitter. This captured magnetic flux may be utilized to determine positional or orientational difference (or “delta”), between the head mounted component and handheld component 168 .
  • the combination of the head mounted component assisting in determining pose relative to the global coordinate system, and the hand held assisting in determining relative location and orientation of the handheld relative to the head mounted component allows the system to generally determine where each component is located relative to the global coordinate system, and thus the user's head pose, and handheld pose may be tracked, preferably at relatively low latency, for presentation of augmented reality image features and interaction using movements and rotations of the handheld component 170 .
  • FIG. 15 an embodiment is illustrated that is somewhat similar to that of FIG. 14 , with the exception that the system has many more sensing devices and configurations available to assist in determining pose of both the head mounted component 172 and a hand held component 176 , 178 , such that the user's head pose, and handheld pose may be tracked, preferably at relatively low latency, for presentation of augmented reality image features and interaction using movements and rotations of the handheld component 180 .
  • a head mounted component captures a combination of IMU and camera data for SLAM analysis in order to determined and update head pose relative a real-world global coordinate system.
  • the system may be further configured to detect presence of other localization resources in the environment, like Wi-Fi, cellular, beacons, RADAR, LIDAR, GPS, markers, and/or other cameras which may be tied to various aspects of the global coordinate system, or to one or more movable components 172 .
  • the user may also activate a handheld component to, for example, play an augmented reality game 174
  • the handheld component may comprise an electromagnetic transmitter operatively coupled to one or both of the belt pack and head mounted component 176 .
  • Other localization resources may also be similarly utilized.
  • One or more electromagnetic field coil receiver sets (e.g., a set being 3 differently-oriented individual coils) coupled to the head mounted component may be used to capture magnetic flux from the electromagnetic transmitter. This captured magnetic flux may be utilized to determine positional or orientational difference (or “delta”), between the head mounted component and handheld component 178 .
  • the user's head pose and the handheld pose may be tracked at relatively low latency for presentation of AR content and/or for interaction with the AR system using movement or rotations of the handheld component 180 .
  • the invention includes methods that may be performed using the subject devices.
  • the methods may comprise the act of providing such a suitable device. Such provision may be performed by the end user.
  • the “providing” act merely requires the end user obtain, access, approach, position, set-up, activate, power-up or otherwise act to provide the requisite device in the subject method.
  • Methods recited herein may be carried out in any order of the recited events which is logically possible, as well as in the recited order of events.
  • any optional feature of the inventive variations described may be set forth and claimed independently, or in combination with any one or more of the features described herein.
  • Reference to a singular item includes the possibility that there are plural of the same items present. More specifically, as used herein and in claims associated hereto, the singular forms “a,” “an,” “said,” and “the” include plural referents unless the specifically stated otherwise.
  • use of the articles allow for “at least one” of the subject item in the description above as well as claims associated with this disclosure. It is further noted that such claims may be drafted to exclude any optional element. As such, this statement is intended to serve as antecedent basis for use of such exclusive terminology as “solely,” “only” and the like in connection with the recitation of claim elements, or use of a “negative” limitation.

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US15/062,104 US20160259404A1 (en) 2015-03-05 2016-03-05 Systems and methods for augmented reality
KR1020247034640A KR102779068B1 (ko) 2016-02-05 2017-02-06 증강 현실을 위한 시스템들 및 방법들
JP2018540434A JP2019505926A (ja) 2016-02-05 2017-02-06 拡張現実のためのシステムおよび方法
CN201780010073.0A CN108700939B (zh) 2016-02-05 2017-02-06 用于增强现实的系统和方法
NZ744300A NZ744300B2 (en) 2017-02-06 Systems and methods for augmented reality
EP17748352.6A EP3411779A4 (fr) 2016-02-05 2017-02-06 Systèmes et procédés pour réalité augmentée
CA3011377A CA3011377C (fr) 2016-02-05 2017-02-06 Systemes et procedes pour realite augmentee
PCT/US2017/016722 WO2017136833A1 (fr) 2016-02-05 2017-02-06 Systèmes et procédés pour réalité augmentée
US15/425,837 US10180734B2 (en) 2015-03-05 2017-02-06 Systems and methods for augmented reality
CN202210650785.1A CN114995647B (zh) 2016-02-05 2017-02-06 用于增强现实的系统和方法
AU2017214748A AU2017214748B9 (en) 2016-02-05 2017-02-06 Systems and methods for augmented reality
IL301449A IL301449B2 (en) 2016-02-05 2017-02-06 Systems and methods for augmented reality
KR1020187025638A KR102721084B1 (ko) 2016-02-05 2017-02-06 증강 현실을 위한 시스템들 및 방법들
IL260614A IL260614A (en) 2016-02-05 2018-07-16 Systems and methods for augmented reality
US16/220,630 US10838207B2 (en) 2015-03-05 2018-12-14 Systems and methods for augmented reality
US16/220,617 US10678324B2 (en) 2015-03-05 2018-12-14 Systems and methods for augmented reality
US17/022,317 US11256090B2 (en) 2015-03-05 2020-09-16 Systems and methods for augmented reality
US17/137,107 US11429183B2 (en) 2015-03-05 2020-12-29 Systems and methods for augmented reality
JP2021168082A JP7297028B2 (ja) 2016-02-05 2021-10-13 拡張現実のためのシステムおよび方法
IL293782A IL293782B2 (en) 2016-02-05 2022-06-09 Systems and methods for augmented reality
US17/813,442 US11619988B2 (en) 2015-03-05 2022-07-19 Systems and methods for augmented reality
US18/168,797 US12386417B2 (en) 2015-03-05 2023-02-14 Systems and methods for augmented reality

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