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US20150132175A1 - High-density molding device and high-density molding method for mixed powder - Google Patents

High-density molding device and high-density molding method for mixed powder Download PDF

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Publication number
US20150132175A1
US20150132175A1 US14/396,382 US201314396382A US2015132175A1 US 20150132175 A1 US20150132175 A1 US 20150132175A1 US 201314396382 A US201314396382 A US 201314396382A US 2015132175 A1 US2015132175 A1 US 2015132175A1
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Prior art keywords
die
mixed powder
green compact
powder
density
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Inventor
Kazuhiro Hasegawa
Yoshiki Hirai
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Aida Engineering Ltd
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Aida Engineering Ltd
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Assigned to AIDA ENGINEERING, LTD. reassignment AIDA ENGINEERING, LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HIRAI, YOSHIKI, HASEGAWA, KAZUHIRO
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/16—Both compacting and sintering in successive or repeated steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/02—Compacting only
    • B22F3/03—Press-moulding apparatus therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/003—Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/02—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space
    • B30B11/027—Particular press methods or systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/02—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space
    • B30B11/08—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space co-operating with moulds carried by a turntable
    • B30B11/10—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space co-operating with moulds carried by a turntable intermittently rotated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
    • B30B15/0005—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing for briquetting presses
    • B30B15/0011—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing for briquetting presses lubricating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
    • B30B15/30—Feeding material to presses
    • B30B15/302—Feeding material in particulate or plastic state to moulding presses
    • B30B15/304—Feeding material in particulate or plastic state to moulding presses by using feed frames or shoes with relative movement with regard to the mould or moulds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
    • B30B15/34—Heating or cooling presses or parts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C45/00—Amorphous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C45/00—Amorphous alloys
    • C22C45/02—Amorphous alloys with iron as the major constituent
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/0206—Manufacturing of magnetic cores by mechanical means
    • H01F41/0246—Manufacturing of magnetic circuits by moulding or by pressing powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
    • B22F1/105—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material containing inorganic lubricating or binding agents, e.g. metal salts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/02—Compacting only
    • B22F2003/023—Lubricant mixed with the metal powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
    • B22F2003/145—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously by warm compacting, below debindering temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/004—Filling molds with powder
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a high-density molding method and a high-density molding system that can form a green compact having high density (e.g., 7.75 g/cm 3 ) by pressing a mixed powder twice.
  • high density e.g. 7.75 g/cm 3
  • Powder metallurgy is a technique that normally presses (compresses) a metal powder to form a green compact having a given shape, and heats the green compact to a temperature around the melting point of the metal powder to promote intergranular coupling (solidification) (i.e., sintering process). This makes it possible to inexpensively produce a mechanical part that has a complex shape and high dimensional accuracy.
  • the mechanical strength of a green compact increases significantly (hyperbolically) as the density of the green compact increases.
  • a method that mixes a lubricant into a metal powder, and press-molds the metal powder while achieving a reduction in friction resistance has been proposed as a typical high-density molding method (e.g., JP-A-1-219101 (Patent Literature 1)).
  • a mixed powder prepared by mixing a lubricant with a basic metal powder in a ratio of about 1 wt % is normally press-molded.
  • Various other methods have been proposed to achieve higher density. These methods can be roughly classified into a method that improves the lubricant and a method that improves the press molding/sintering process.
  • Examples of the method that improves the lubricant include a method that utilizes a composite of carbon molecules obtained by combining a ball-like carbon molecule with a sheet-like carbon molecule as the lubricant (e.g., JP-A-2009-280908 (Patent Literature 2)), and a method that utilizes a lubricant having a penetration at 25° C. of 0.3 to 10 mm (e.g., JP-A-2010-37632 (Patent Literature 3)). These methods aim at reducing the friction resistance between the metal powder particles, and the friction resistance between the metal powder and a die.
  • a method that utilizes a composite of carbon molecules obtained by combining a ball-like carbon molecule with a sheet-like carbon molecule as the lubricant e.g., JP-A-2009-280908 (Patent Literature 2)
  • a method that utilizes a lubricant having a penetration at 25° C. of 0.3 to 10 mm e.
  • Examples of the method that improves the press molding/sintering process include a warm molding/sinter powder metallurgical technique (e.g., JP-A-2-156002 (Patent Literature 4)), a facilitated handling warm molding powder metallurgical technique (e.g., JP-A-2000-87104 (Patent Literature 5)), a double press/double sinter powder metallurgical technique (e.g., JP-A-4-231404 (Patent Literature 6)), and a single press/sinter powder metallurgical technique (e.g., JP-A-2001-181701 (Patent Literature 7)).
  • a warm molding/sinter powder metallurgical technique e.g., JP-A-2-156002 (Patent Literature 4)
  • a facilitated handling warm molding powder metallurgical technique e.g., JP-A-2000-87104 (Patent Literature 5)
  • a metal powder into which a solid lubricant and a liquid lubricant are mixed is pre-heated to melt part or the entirety of the lubricant, and disperse the lubricant between the metal powder particles.
  • This technique thus reduces the inter-particle friction resistance and the friction resistance between the particles and a die to improve formability.
  • a mixed powder is pressed before performing a warm molding step to form a primary molded body having low density (e.g., density ratio: less than 76%) that allows handling (primary molding step), and the primary formed body is subjected to a secondary molding step at a temperature lower than the temperature at which blue shortness occurs while breaking the primary molded body to obtain a secondary molded body (green compact).
  • a secondary molding step at a temperature lower than the temperature at which blue shortness occurs while breaking the primary molded body to obtain a secondary molded body (green compact).
  • an iron powder mixture that contains an alloying component is compressed in a die to obtain a compressed body, the compressed body (green compact) is presintered at 870° C.
  • a die is pre-heated, and a lubricant is caused to electrically adhere to the inner side of the die.
  • the die is filled with a heated iron-based powder mixture (iron-based powder+lubricant powder), and the powder mixture is press-molded at a given temperature to obtain an iron-based powder molded body.
  • the iron-based powder molded body is sintered, and subjected to bright quenching and annealing to obtain an iron-based sintered body.
  • the density of the green compact achieved by the methods that improve the lubricant and the methods that improve the press molding/sintering process is about 7.4 g/cm 3 (94% of the true density) at a maximum.
  • the green compact exhibits insufficient mechanical strength when the density of the green compact is 7.4 g/cm 3 or less. Since oxidation proceeds corresponding to the temperature and the time when applying the sintering process (high-temperature atmosphere), the lubricant coated with the powder particles burns, and a residue occurs, whereby the quality of the green compact obtained by press molding deteriorates. Therefore, it is considered that the density of the green compact is 7.3 g/cm 3 or less.
  • the methods that improve the lubricant and the methods that improve the press molding/sintering process are complex, may increase cost, and have a problem in that handling of the material is difficult or troublesome (i.e., it may be impractical).
  • a satisfactory magnetic core may not be produced when the density of the green compact is 7.3 g/cm 3 or less. It is necessary to further increase the density of a green compact in order to reduce loss (iron loss and hysteresis loss), and increase magnetic flux density (see the document presented by Toyota Central R & D Labs., Inc. in Autumn Meeting of Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy, 2009). Even when the density of the magnetic core is 7.5 g/cm 3 , for example, the magnetic properties and the mechanical strength of the magnetic core may be insufficient in practice.
  • a double molding/single sinter (anneal) powder metallurgical technique (e.g., JP-A-2002-343657 (Patent Literature 8)) has been proposed as a method for producing a magnetic-core green compact.
  • This powder metallurgical technique is based on the fact that a magnetic metal powder that is coated with a coating that contains a silicone resin and a pigment does not show a decrease in insulating properties even if the magnetic metal powder is subjected to a high-temperature treatment.
  • a dust core is produced by pre-molding a magnetic metal powder that is coated with a coating that contains a silicone resin and a pigment to obtain a pre-molded body, subjecting the pre-molded body to a heat treatment at 500° C.
  • the heat treatment temperature is set to 500 to 1000° C.
  • the high-temperature treatment is performed under vacuum, an inert gas atmosphere, or a reducing gas atmosphere in order to prevent oxidation of the pre-molded body.
  • a dust core having a true density of 98% (7.7 g/cm 3 ) may be produced as described above.
  • the double molding/single sinter powder metallurgical technique (Patent Literature 8) is very complex, individualized, and difficult to implement as compared with the other techniques, and significantly increases the production cost.
  • the double molding/single sinter powder metallurgical technique subjects the pre-molded body to a heat treatment at 500° C. or more. The heat treatment is performed under such an atmosphere in order to prevent a situation in which the quality of the dust core deteriorates. Therefore, the double molding/single sinter powder metallurgical technique is not suitable for mass production.
  • the vitreous material may be modified/melted.
  • Patent Literatures 1 to 8 can implement a sintering process at a relatively high temperature.
  • the details of the press molding step achieved using the above methods and systems are unclear.
  • attempts to achieve a further improvement in connection with the specification and the functions of the press molding device, the relationship between pressure and density, and an analysis of the limitations thereof, have not been made.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a mixed powder high-density molding method and a mixed powder high-density molding system that can produce a high-density green compact while significantly reducing the production cost by press-molding a mixed powder twice with a heating step interposed therebetween.
  • a green compact has been normally produced by a powder metallurgical technique, and subjected to a sintering process performed at a high temperature (e.g., 800° C. or more).
  • a high temperature e.g. 800° C. or more
  • such a high-temperature sintering process consumes a large amount of energy (i.e., increases cost), and is not desirable from the viewpoint of environmental protection.
  • the press molding process molds a mixed powder to have a specific shape, and has been considered to be a mechanical process that is performed in the preceding stage of the high-temperature sintering process.
  • the high-temperature sintering process is exceptionally omitted when producing a magnetic-core green compact used for an electromagnetic device (e.g., motor or transformer). This aims at preventing a deterioration in magnetic properties that may occur when the green compact is subjected to a high-temperature process. Specifically, the resulting product inevitably has unsatisfactory mechanical strength. Since the density of the product is insufficient when mechanical strength is insufficient, the product also has insufficient magnetic properties.
  • the invention was conceived to actual production, based on studies of the effectiveness of a lubricant during pressing, the compression limit when using a lubricant powder, the spatial distribution of a lubricant powder in a mixed powder, the spatial distribution of a basic metal powder and a lubricant powder, the behavior of a basic metal powder and a lubricant powder, and the final disposition state of a lubricant, so that the efficiency of the mixed powder filling operation may be improved and a reduction in size and weight of the first die, the second die, and the like may be realized taking account of actual production.
  • the invention was also conceived based on analysis of the characteristics (e.g., compression limit) of a normal press molding device, and the effects of the density of a green compact on strength and magnetic properties.
  • the invention may provide a method that transfers a mixed powder placed in a container cavity to a first die, forms a mixed powder intermediate compressed body in the first die by performing a first pressing step while maintaining a lubricant in a powdery state, liquefies the lubricant by heating to change the state of the lubricant in the mixed powder intermediate compressed body, transfers the heated mixed powder intermediate compressed body to a second die, and molds a high-density final green compact having a density close to the true density by performing a second press molding step.
  • the invention may provide a novel powder metallurgical technique (i.e., a powder metallurgical technique that performs two press molding steps with a lubricant liquefaction step interposed therebetween) that differs from a known powder metallurgical technique that necessarily requires a high-temperature sintering process, and may provide an epoch-making and practical method and system that can reliably and stably produce a high-density green compact at low cost.
  • a novel powder metallurgical technique i.e., a powder metallurgical technique that performs two press molding steps with a lubricant liquefaction step interposed therebetween
  • a mixed powder high-density molding method includes:
  • a mixed powder that is a mixture of a basic metal powder and a low-melting-point lubricant powder
  • the lubricant powder may have a low melting point within the range of 90 to 190° C.
  • the second die may be pre-heated to the melting point before the mixed powder intermediate compressed body is placed in the second die.
  • the first die may be pre-heated after the mixed powder intermediate compressed body has been molded.
  • the second pressure may be selected to be equal to the first pressure.
  • a mixed powder high-density molding system includes:
  • a mixed powder feeding device that can fill a container cavity of a container that is positioned at a mixed powder filling position with a mixed powder that is a mixture of a basic metal powder and a low-melting-point lubricant powder;
  • a mixed powder transfer device that transfers the mixed powder in the container cavity to a cavity of a first die that is positioned with respect to the container;
  • a first press molding device that applies a first pressure to the mixed powder in the cavity of the first die from a first punch to form a mixed powder intermediate compressed body
  • a heating device that heats the first die positioned at a heating position and the mixed powder intermediate compressed body to heat the mixed powder intermediate compressed body to a melting point of the lubricant powder
  • an intermediate green compact transfer device that transfers the mixed powder intermediate compressed body in the cavity of the first die to a second die positioned at a transfer relay position
  • a second press molding device that applies a second pressure to the mixed powder intermediate compressed body in a cavity of the second die positioned at a final compressed body molding position to form a high-density mixed powder final compressed body
  • a product discharge device that can discharge the mixed powder final compressed body in the cavity of the second die at a product discharge position.
  • the mixed powder high-density molding system as defined in (6) may include:
  • a first die transfer device that is configured to transfer the first die to position the first die with respect to the container that is positioned at the mixed powder filling position
  • an unheated green compact transfer device that is configured to transfer the first die from an intermediate green compact molding position, to position the first die at the heating position;
  • a heated green compact transfer device that is configured to transfer the first die that holds the mixed powder intermediate compressed body from the heating position, to position the first die at the transfer relay position;
  • a second die transfer device that is configured to transfer the second die that holds the mixed powder intermediate compressed body from the transfer relay position, to position the second die at the final green compact molding position;
  • a final green compact transfer device that is configured to transfer the second die that holds the mixed powder final compressed body from the final green compact molding position, to position the second die at the product discharge position;
  • a second die return transfer device that is configured to transfer the second die that holds the mixed powder final compressed body from the product discharge position, to position the second die at a reception relay position.
  • the mixed powder filling position, the heating position, and the transfer relay position may be separately provided along a first circular path defined around a first axis
  • the reception relay position, the final green compact molding position, and the product discharge position may be separately provided along a second circular path defined around a second axis
  • the first die transfer device, the unheated green compact transfer device, and the heated green compact transfer device may be implemented by utilizing a first rotary table that can be rotated around the first axis
  • the second die transfer device, the final green compact transfer device, and the second die return transfer device may be implemented by utilizing a second rotary table that can be rotated around the second axis.
  • the mixed powder high-density molding system as defined in (6) or (7) may further include a first pre-heating device that pre-heats the first die.
  • the mixed powder high-density molding system as defined in (6) or (7) may further include a second pre-heating device that pre-heats the second die.
  • the mixed powder high-density molding method as defined in (1) can reliably and stably produce a high-density green compact while significantly reducing the production cost. It is also possible to improve the efficiency of the mixed powder filling operation, and implement a reduction in size and weight of the first die, the second die, and the like taking account of actual production.
  • the mixed powder high-density molding method as defined in (2) makes it possible to ensure that the lubricant produces a sufficient lubricating effect during the first press molding step. It is also possible to selectively use a wide variety of lubricants.
  • the mixed powder high-density molding method as defined in (3) makes it possible to further improve the fluidity of the melted lubricant in all directions during the second press molding step, and significantly reduce the friction resistance between the basic metal particles, and the friction resistance between the particles and the second die.
  • the mixed powder high-density molding method as defined in (4) can shorten the production cycle time including the mixed powder intermediate compressed body heating time.
  • the mixed powder high-density molding method as defined in (5) makes it possible to easily implement the press molding step, facilitate handling, and indirectly reduce the green compact production cost.
  • the mixed powder high-density molding system as defined in (6) can reliably implement the mixed powder high-density molding method as defined in any one of (1) to (5), can be easily implemented at low cost, and facilitates handling.
  • the mixed powder high-density molding system as defined in (7) makes it possible to simplify the system configuration, and promptly and smoothly transfer the green compact as compared with the configuration as defined in (6).
  • the mixed powder high-density molding system as defined in (8) makes it possible to simplify the system as compared with the configuration as defined in (7). It is also possible to simplify the production line, and further facilitate handling.
  • the mixed powder high-density molding system as defined in (9) can shorten the production cycle time including the mixed powder intermediate compressed body heating time.
  • the mixed powder high-density molding method as defined in (10) makes it possible to further improve the fluidity of the melted lubricant in all directions during the second press molding step, and significantly reduce the friction resistance between the basic metal particles, and the friction resistance between the basic metal particles and the second die.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a high-density molding method according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view illustrating a high-density molding system according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view illustrating a process from a mixed powder filling operation to an operation that positions an intermediate green compact at a transfer relay position (first embodiment).
  • FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view illustrating a process from an operation that receives an intermediate green compact to an operation that discharges a final green compact (product) at a product discharge position (first embodiment).
  • FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating the relationship between pressure and density obtained at the pressure (first embodiment), wherein a broken line (characteristics A) indicates a molding state using a first die, and a solid line (characteristics B) indicates a molding state using a second die.
  • FIG. 6A is an external perspective view illustrating a final green compact (intermediate green compact) according to the first embodiment of the invention having a ring-like shape.
  • FIG. 6B is an external perspective view illustrating a final green compact (intermediate green compact) according to the first embodiment of the invention having a cylindrical shape.
  • FIG. 6C is an external perspective view illustrating a final green compact (intermediate green compact) according to the first embodiment of the invention having a narrow round shaft shape.
  • FIG. 6D is an external perspective view illustrating a final green compact (intermediate green compact) according to the first embodiment of the invention having a disc-like shape.
  • FIG. 6E is an external perspective view illustrating a final green compact (intermediate green compact) according to the first embodiment of the invention having a complex shape.
  • FIG. 7 is a vertical cross-sectional view illustrating a process from a mixed powder filling operation to an operation that positions an intermediate green compact at a transfer relay position (second embodiment).
  • FIG. 8 is a vertical cross-sectional view illustrating a process from an operation that receives an intermediate green compact to an operation that discharges a final green compact (product) at a product discharge position (second embodiment).
  • a mixed powder high-density molding system 1 includes a mixed powder feeding device 10 , a container 23 , a mixed powder transfer device (lower punch 37 ), a first press molding device 30 , a heating device 40 , an intermediate green compact transfer device (extrusion rod 50 ), a second press molding device 60 , and a product discharge device 70 , and stably and reliably implements a mixed powder high-density molding method that includes a mixed powder-filling step (PR1) that fills a container 23 with a mixed powder 100 , a mixed powder transfer step (PR2) that transfers the mixed powder 100 to a first die 31 , an intermediate green compact-forming step (PR3) that applies a first pressure P1 to the mixed powder in the first die 31 to form a mixed powder intermediate compressed body (hereinafter may be referred to as “intermediate green compact 110 ”), a heating step (PR4) that heats the intermediate green compact 110 to the melting point of the lubricant powder,
  • PR1 mixed powder-filling step
  • the die is promptly and smoothly transferred by providing a first die transfer device (first die return transfer device) 81 , an unheated green compact transfer device 82 , and a heated green compact transfer device 83 for transferring the first die 31 to a mixed powder filling position (intermediate green compact molding position) Z11, a heating position Z12, and a transfer relay position Z13, and a second die transfer device 91 , a final green compact transfer device 92 , and a second die return transfer device 93 for transferring the second die 61 to a transfer relay position (reception relay position Z21) Z13, a final green compact molding position Z22, and a product discharge position Z23.
  • first die transfer device first die return transfer device
  • unheated green compact transfer device 82 for transferring the first die 31 to a mixed powder filling position (intermediate green compact molding position) Z11, a heating position Z12, and a transfer relay position Z13
  • the configuration is significantly simplified by integrating the first die transfer device 81 , the unheated green compact transfer device 82 , and the heated green compact transfer device 83 utilizing a first rotary table 80 illustrated in FIG. 2 , and integrating the second die transfer device 91 , the final green compact transfer device 92 , and the second die return transfer device 93 utilizing a second rotary table 90 illustrated in FIG. 2 .
  • the mixed powder 100 is a mixture of the basic metal powder and the low-melting-point lubricant powder.
  • the basic metal powder may include only one type of main metal powder, or may be a mixture of one type of main metal powder and one or more types of alloying component powder.
  • the expression “low melting point” used herein in connection with the lubricant powder refers to a temperature (melting point) that is significantly lower than the melting point (temperature) of the basic metal powder, and can significantly suppress oxidation of the basic metal powder.
  • the mixed powder feeding device 10 situated at the mixed powder filling position Z11 on the upstream side of a high-density molding line fills the container 23 with the mixed powder 100 .
  • the mixed powder feeding device 10 is used when performing the mixed powder-filling step (PR1) illustrated in FIG. 1 (see (A)).
  • the mixed powder feeding device 10 has a function of storing a constant amount of the mixed powder 100 , and a function of feeding a constant amount of the mixed powder 100 .
  • the mixed powder feeding device 10 can selectively move between the initial position (i.e., the left position in FIGS. 2 and 3 ) and a container device 20 .
  • the container device 20 includes a main body 21 that has a hollow cylindrical shape, and includes a stopper 22 provided in the upper part, a container 23 that includes a stopper 25 provided in the lower part, and has a container cavity 24 having a hollow cylindrical shape at the center, and a spring 26 that biases the container 23 upward, and is positioned at the mixed powder filling position Z11.
  • the lower punch 37 included in the first press molding device 30 (first die 31 ) is slidingly fitted into the container cavity 24 , and the amount of the mixed powder 100 with which the container 23 is filled is determined by the relative position of the lower punch 37 with respect to the container 23 in the vertical direction.
  • the container 23 is held at the initial position in the vertical direction (see (A) in FIG. 3 ) in a state in which the stopper 25 engages the stopper 22 due to the biasing force applied by the spring 26 .
  • the cavity 33 can be filled with a large amount of mixed powder 100 in a state in which the mixed powder 100 is compressed to some extent due to preliminary pressing as compared with the case of filling the cavity 33 directly with the mixed powder 100 . It is also possible to easily transfer the first die 31 (die 32 ) to the delivery relay position (heating position Z12) together with the mixed powder intermediate compressed body 110 . This makes it possible to significantly simplify the structure as compared with a related-art example in which only the workpiece (green compact) is removed from the first die 31 , and transferred to the second die.
  • the preliminary pressing is implemented by the function of the mixed powder transfer device (lower punch 37 ) (described in detail later).
  • the mixed powder 100 Since it is important to uniformly and sufficiently fill the first die 31 (die 32 ) with the mixed powder 100 from the container 23 , the mixed powder 100 must be in a dry state. Specifically, the internal space (cavity 33 ) of the first die 31 (die 32 ) is formed to have a shape corresponding to the shape of the product. It is necessary to uniformly and sufficiently fill the first die with the mixed powder 100 in order to ensure the dimensional accuracy of the intermediate green compact 110 , even if the product has a complex shape, or has a narrow part.
  • the configuration (dimensions and shape) of the final green compact 120 (intermediate green compact 110 ) is not particularly limited.
  • FIGS. 6A to 6E illustrate examples of the configuration (dimensions and shape) of the final green compact 120 (intermediate green compact 110 ).
  • FIG. 6A illustrates the final green compact 120 (intermediate green compact 110 ) having a ring-like shape
  • FIG. 6B illustrates the final green compact 120 (intermediate green compact 110 ) having a cylindrical shape
  • FIG. 6C illustrates the final green compact 120 (intermediate green compact 110 ) having a narrow round shaft shape
  • FIG. 6D illustrates the final green compact 120 (intermediate green compact 110 ) having a disc-like shape
  • FIGS. 3 and 6E illustrates the final green compact 120 (intermediate green compact 110 ) having a complex shape.
  • the intermediate green compact 110 (final green compact 120 ) has a cylindrical shape (see FIGS. 3 and 6B ), and the internal space (cavity 33 ) of the first die 31 has a shape (configuration) corresponding to the shape of the intermediate green compact 110 (final green compact 120 ).
  • a solid lubricant that is in a dry state (fine particulate) at room temperature is used as the lubricant that is used to reduce the friction resistance between the basic metal particles (a larger part of the basic metal powder), and the friction resistance between the basic metal powder and the inner side of the die.
  • the mixed powder 100 exhibits high viscosity and low fluidity when using a liquid lubricant, it is difficult to uniformly and sufficiently fill the first die with the mixed powder 100 .
  • the lubricant It is also necessary for the lubricant to be solid and stably maintain a given lubricating effect during the intermediate green compact molding step that is performed using the first die 31 (cavity 33 ) at room temperature while applying the first pressure P1.
  • the lubricant must stably maintain a given lubricating effect even if the temperature has increased to some extent as a result of applying the first pressure P1.
  • the melting point of the lubricant powder must be significantly lower than the melting point of the basic metal powder from the viewpoint of the relationship with the heating step (PR4) (see FIG. 1 ) that is selectively performed after the intermediate green compact molding step, and suppression of oxidation of the basic metal powder.
  • the lubricant powder has a low melting point within the range of 90 to 190° C., for example.
  • the lower-limit temperature (90° C.) is selected to be higher to some extent than the upper-limit temperature (e.g., 80° C.) of a temperature range (e.g., 70 to 80° C.) that is not reached even if the temperature has increased to some extent during the intermediate green compact molding step, while taking account of the melting point (e.g., 110° C.) of other metallic soaps. This prevents a situation in which the lubricant powder is melted (liquefied) and flows out during the intermediate green compact molding step.
  • the upper-limit temperature (190° C.) is selected to be a minimum value from the viewpoint of lubricant powder selectivity, and is selected to be a maximum value from the viewpoint of suppression of oxidation of the basic metal powder during the heating step.
  • the lower-limit temperature and the upper-limit temperature of the above temperature range are not threshold values, but are boundary values.
  • a zinc stearate powder having a melting point of 120° C. is used as the lubricant powder.
  • the invention does not employ a configuration in which a lubricant having a melting point lower than the die temperature during press molding is used, and the press molding step is performed while melting (liquefying) the lubricant (see Patent Literature 7). If the lubricant is melted and flows out before completion of molding of the intermediate green compact 110 , lubrication tends to be insufficient during the molding step, and sufficient press molding cannot be performed reliably and stably.
  • the lubricant powder is used in an amount that is selected based on an empirical rule determined by experiments and actual production.
  • the lubricant powder is used in an amount of 0.08 to 0.23 wt % based on the total amount of the mixed power taking account of the relationship with the intermediate green compact-forming step (PR3).
  • the amount of the lubricant powder is 0.08 wt %, the lubricating effect can be maintained when molding the intermediate green compact 110 .
  • the amount of the lubricant powder is 0.23 wt %, the desired compression ratio can be obtained when forming the intermediate green compact 110 from the mixed powder 100 .
  • a practical amount of the lubricant powder must be determined taking account of the true density ratio of the intermediate green compact 110 that is molded in the first die 31 while applying the first pressure P1, and a sweating phenomenon that occurs in the second die. It is also necessary to prevent dripping (dripping phenomenon) of the liquefied lubricant from the die toward the outside that causes a deterioration in the work environment.
  • the ratio (amount) of the lubricant powder is set to 0.1 to 0.2 wt %.
  • the upper limit (0.2 wt %) is determined from the viewpoint of preventing the dripping phenomenon, and the lower limit (0.1 wt %) is determined from the viewpoint of ensuring a necessary and sufficient sweating phenomenon.
  • the ratio (amount) of the lubricant powder is very small as compared with the related-art example (1 wt %), and the industrial applicability can be significantly improved.
  • the intermediate green compact 110 obtained by compressing the mixed powder 100 including 0.2 wt % of the lubricant powder to have a true density ratio of 80% is heated to the melting point of the lubricant powder in the heating step (PR3), the powder lubricant scattered in the intermediate green compact 110 is melted to fill the voids between the metal powder particles, passes through the voids between the metal powder particles, and uniformly exudes through the surface of the intermediate green compact 110 . Specifically, the sweating phenomenon occurs.
  • the intermediate green compact 11 is compressed in the second die by applying the second pressure P2, the frictional resistance between the basic metal powder and the inner wall of the cavity is significantly reduced.
  • the sweating phenomenon similarly occurs when using the intermediate green compact 110 obtained by compressing the mixed powder 100 including 0.1 wt % of the lubricant powder to have a true density ratio of 90%, or when using the intermediate green compact 110 obtained by compressing the mixed powder 100 including more than 0.1 wt % and less than 0.2 wt % of the lubricant powder to have a true density ratio of more than 80% and less than 90%. It is also possible to prevent the dripping phenomenon.
  • Patent Literatures 1 to 8 are silent about the relationship between the lubricant content and the compression ratio of the mixed powder 100 , and the dripping phenomenon and the sweating phenomenon that may occur depending on the lubricant content.
  • Patent Literature 5 (warm powder metallurgical technique) discloses producing a primary molded body having a density ratio of less than 76% in order to facilitate handling. However, Patent Literature 5 does not disclose technical grounds relating to high-density molding and items that can be implemented. In Patent Literature 5, the secondary molded body (final green compact) is molded after breaking the primary molded body (intermediate green compact 120 ).
  • the first press molding device 30 applies the first pressure P1 to the mixed powder 100 with which the first die 31 (cavity 33 ) has been filled using the mixed powder feeding device 10 , to form the mixed powder intermediate compressed body 110 .
  • the first press molding device 30 has a press structure.
  • the first die 31 includes a lower die (die 32 and lower punch 37 ) situated on the side of a bolster, and an upper die (upper punch 36 ) situated on the side of a slide (not illustrated in FIG. 3 ).
  • the cavity 33 of the die 32 has a shape (hollow cylindrical shape) corresponding to the shape (cylindrical shape) of the intermediate green compact 110 (see FIG. 6B ).
  • the shape of the cavity 33 corresponds to the shape of the container cavity 24 .
  • the upper punch 36 is moved upward and downward by the slide (not illustrated in FIG. 3 ).
  • the upper part of the cavity 33 can be closed by the lower side of the upper punch 36 having a planar shape. Specifically, the upper punch 36 comes in contact with most of the upper side of the die 32 .
  • the cavity 33 of the lower die 32 of the first press molding device 30 also have a shape corresponding to the configuration (shape) of the intermediate green compact 110 .
  • the cavity 33 has a ring-like tubular shape.
  • the cavity 33 has a shape that is similar to the cylindrical shape illustrated in FIG. 6B , but is long in the vertical direction.
  • the cavity 33 has a shape that is similar to the cylindrical shape illustrated in FIG.
  • the cavity 33 has the corresponding complex shape. This also applies to the cavity 63 of the die 62 of the second press molding device 60 (second die 61 ).
  • the mixed powder transfer device transfers the mixed powder 100 placed in the container cavity to the cavity 33 of the first die 31 that is positioned with respect to the container 23 .
  • the mixed powder transfer device includes the lower punch 37 , and transfers the mixed powder 100 in cooperation with the upper punch 36 and the die 32 .
  • the upper punch 36 moves downward, and comes in contact with the upper side of the die 32 that is held on the first rotary table 80 (die holding section 85 ) (see (A) in FIG. 3 ).
  • the die 32 is thus moved downward. Since the lower side of the die 32 comes in contact with the upper side of the container 23 , the container 23 is moved downward.
  • the position of the lower punch 37 in the vertical direction does not change. Therefore, the mixed powder 100 placed in the container cavity 24 is moved upward by the lower punch 37 , and transferred to the die 32 (cavity 33 ) of the first die 31 . Since the vertical dimension of the container cavity 24 is larger than the vertical dimension of the cavity 33 , the mixed powder 100 placed in the container cavity 24 is transferred to the cavity 33 while being preliminarily compressed.
  • the mixed powder transfer device (upper punch 36 and lower punch 37 ) can transfer the mixed powder 100 placed in the container cavity 24 to the cavity 33 of the first die 31 that is positioned with respect to the container 23 .
  • the upper punch 36 compresses the mixed powder 100 in cooperation with the lower punch 37 in a state in which the upper punch 36 has moved downward to the lower position (lower-limit position) (see (B) in FIG. 3 ) to obtain the intermediate green compact 110 .
  • the first press molding device 30 applies the first pressure P1 to the mixed powder 100 placed in the cavity 33 of the first die 31 from the first punch (upper punch 36 ) to obtain the mixed powder intermediate compressed body (intermediate green compact 110 ). Since the mixed powder transfer device (lower punch 37 ) is provided, a large amount of mixed powder 100 can be fed, and compressed as compared with the case of filling the cavity 33 directly with the mixed powder 100 , and the density of the intermediate green compact 110 can be easily increased.
  • the upper punch 36 moves upward to the upper position (see (C) in FIG. 3 ) when the slide moves upward.
  • the first rotary table 80 moves upward to the upper-limit position.
  • the container 23 is returned to the original position (see (A) in FIG. 3 ) due to the spring 26 .
  • the horizontal axis indicates the pressure P using an index.
  • the maximum capacity (pressure P) is 10 tons/cm 2 (horizontal axis index: 100).
  • Reference sign Pb indicates the die breakage pressure at which the horizontal axis index is 140 (14 tons/cm 2 ).
  • the vertical axis indicates the true density ratio (density ⁇ ) using an index.
  • a vertical axis index of 100 corresponds to a true density ratio (density ⁇ ) of 97% (7.6 g/cm 3 ).
  • the basic metal powder is a magnetic-core vitreous insulating film-coated iron powder
  • the lubricant powder is a zinc stearate powder (0.1 to 0.2 wt %)
  • the first pressure P1 is selected so that the mixed powder intermediate compressed body (intermediate green compact 110 ) can be compressed to have a true density ratio of 80 to 90% corresponding to a vertical axis index of 82 to 92 (corresponding to a density ⁇ of 6.24 to 7.02 g/cm 3 ).
  • a vertical axis index of 102 corresponds to a density ⁇ of 7.75 g/cm 3 and a true density ratio (density ⁇ ) of 99%.
  • the basic metal powder may be a magnetic-core iron-based amorphous powder (magnetic-core Fe—Si alloy powder), a magnetic-core iron-based amorphous powder, a magnetic-core Fe—Si alloy powder, a pure iron powder for producing mechanical parts, or the like.
  • the density ⁇ achieved by the first press molding device 30 increases along the characteristics A (curve) indicated by the broken line as the first pressure P1 increases.
  • the density ⁇ reaches 7.6 g/cm 3 when the horizontal axis index (first pressure is P1) is 100.
  • the true density ratio is 97%.
  • the density ⁇ increases to only a small extent even if the first pressure P1 is further increased. The die may break if the first pressure P1 is further increased.
  • the vertical axis index can be increased from 100 (7.6 g/cm 3 ) to 102 (7.75 g/cm 3 ) by directly utilizing an existing press.
  • a sintering process at a high temperature can be made unnecessary, oxidation of the green compact can be significantly suppressed (i.e., a decrease in magnetic core performance can be prevented).
  • a different machine having a press function may also be used.
  • the high-density molding system 1 is configured so that the intermediate green compact 110 formed by the first press molding device 30 is heated to promote melting (liquefaction) of the lubricant, and the second press molding device 60 then performs the second press molding process.
  • a high density (7.75 g/cm 3 ) ⁇ that corresponds to a vertical axis index of 102 can be achieved by pressing the intermediate green compact 110 using the second press molding device 60 . The details thereof are described later in connection with the second press molding device 60 .
  • the heating device 40 heats the first die 31 positioned at the heating position Z12 and the mixed powder intermediate compressed body (intermediate green compact 110 ) to increase the temperature of the intermediate green compact 110 to the melting point of the lubricant powder (see (D) and (E) in FIG. 3 ).
  • the heating device 40 includes a main body 41 that has a hollow cylindrical shape, and includes a stopper 42 provided in the upper part, an elevating rod 43 that includes a stopper 45 provided in the lower part, and has a receiving section 44 that is provided in the upper part and receives a heater 47 , and a spring 48 that biases the elevating rod 43 upward.
  • the elevating rod 43 is held at the initial position (see (D) in FIG. 3 ) in a state in which the stopper 45 is retained by the stopper 42 due to the biasing force applied by the spring 48 .
  • the first die 31 (die 32 ) is then placed on (positioned with respect to) the receiving section 44 , and the first rotary table 80 moves downward to the lower-limit position (see (E) in FIG. 3 ).
  • the heater 47 is then turned ON to heat the intermediate green compact 110 .
  • the timing at which the heater 47 is turned ON can be changed.
  • the heater 47 may be turned ON at a timing at which the intermediate green compact 110 is placed (see (D) in FIG. 3 ).
  • the heater 47 may be always turned ON when it is allowed from the viewpoint of the power supply conditions, the production cycle, and the like.
  • the powder mixture 100 with which the first die 31 (die 32 ) is filled has an area in which the lubricant powder is relatively thinly present (thin area), and an area in which the lubricant powder is relatively densely present (dense area) in connection with the basic metal powder.
  • the friction resistance between the basic metal particles, and the friction resistance between the basic metal powder and the inner side of the die can be reduced in the dense area. In contrast, the friction resistance between the basic metal particles, and the friction resistance between the basic metal powder and the inner side of the die increase in the thin area.
  • the first press molding device 30 applies a pressure to the mixed powder, compressibility is predominant (i.e., compression easily occurs) in the dense area due to low friction. In contrast, compressibility is poor (i.e., compression slowly occurs) in the thin area due to high friction. Therefore, a compression difficulty phenomenon corresponding to the preset first pressure P1 occurs (i.e., compression limit).
  • the basic metal powder is integrally pressure-welded in the dense area.
  • the lubricant powder is also present in the dense area. In the thin area, small spaces remain in the pressure-welded basic metal powder, and almost no lubricant powder is observed in the thin area.
  • the lubricant powder is melted (liquefied), and increased in fluidity by heating the intermediate green compact 110 subjected to the first press molding process to the melting point (e.g., 120° C.) of the lubricant powder.
  • the lubricant that flows out from the dense area penetrates through the peripheral area, and is supplied to the thin area. This makes it possible to reduce the friction resistance between the basic metal particles, and compress the spaces that have been occupied by the lubricant powder. It is also possible to reduce the friction resistance between the basic metal powder and the inner side of the die.
  • the second press molding process is performed while promoting liquefaction of the lubricant.
  • the intermediate green compact transfer device (extrusion rod 50 ) transfers the intermediate green compact 110 in the cavity 33 of the first die 31 (die 32 ) to the cavity 63 of the second die 61 (die 62 ) positioned at the transfer relay position Z13.
  • the intermediate green compact transfer device includes the extrusion rod 50 that is positioned at the transfer relay position Z13, and a transfer relay stage 55 (see (F) in FIG. 3 and (G) in FIG. 4 ).
  • the extrusion rod 50 can move (reciprocate) upward and downward between the upper-limit position illustrated in FIG. 3 (see (F)) and the lower-limit position illustrated in FIG. 4 (see (G)).
  • the diameter of the extrusion rod 50 may be equal to the diameter of the upper punch 66 illustrated in FIG. 4 (see (H)), or may be smaller to some extent than the diameter of the upper punch 66 .
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a state in which the second die 61 has been positioned on the upper side of the transfer relay stage 55 , and the first die 31 has been moved downward from the upper-limit position to the lower-limit position, and placed on the upper side of the second die 61 .
  • the mixed powder intermediate compressed body 110 in the cavity 33 of the first die 31 can be transferred to the cavity 63 of the second die 61 by moving the extrusion rod 50 downward in this state.
  • the intermediate green compact 110 can be transferred from the first die 31 to the second die 61 at the transfer relay position Z13 (see (G) in FIG. 4 ).
  • the second die 61 receives the intermediate green compact 110 from the first die 31 at the reception relay position Z21.
  • the transfer relay position Z13 is the same as the reception relay position Z21.
  • the second press molding device 60 (see (H) in FIG. 4 ) performs the second press molding process that applies the second pressure P2 to the intermediate green compact 110 placed in the second die 61 to form the high-density mixed powder final compressed body (final green compact 120 ).
  • the second die 61 includes a lower die (die 62 and lower punch stage 67 ) situated on the side of a bolster, and an upper die (upper punch 66 ) situated on the side of a slide (not illustrated in FIG. 4 ), and is positioned at the final green compact molding position Z22.
  • the shape of the cavity 63 of the die 62 corresponds to the shape of the cavity 33 of the first die 31 (die 32 ).
  • the cavity 63 has a shape (hollow cylindrical shape) corresponding to the shape (cylindrical shape) of the final green compact 120 (see FIG. 6B ).
  • the upper part of the die 62 is slightly large as compared with the die 32 in order to easily receive the intermediate green compact 110 .
  • the upper punch 66 is pushed into the cavity by the slide (not illustrated in FIG. 4 ) that can move upward and downward between the upper position and the lower position, and applies the second pressure P2 to the intermediate green compact 110 to form the high-density final green compact 120 (see (H) in FIG. 4 ).
  • the lower punch stage 67 has the same structure as that of the transfer relay stage 55 , but the lower punch stage 67 may further include the lower punch 37 (see (B) in FIG. 3 ).
  • the maximum capacity (pressure P) of the second press molding device 60 is the same as that (10 tons/cm 2 ) of the first press molding device 30 .
  • the first press molding device 30 and the second press molding device 60 may be configured as a single press so that the die 31 and the die 61 are moved upward and downward in synchronization using the common slide. The above configuration is economical, and can reduce the production cost of the final green compact 120 .
  • second pressure P2 The relationship between the pressure (second pressure P2) applied by the second press molding device 60 and the density ⁇ of the resulting final green compact 120 is described below with reference to FIG. 5 .
  • the density ⁇ achieved by the second press molding device 60 has the characteristics B indicated by the solid line in FIG. 5 . Specifically, the density ⁇ does not gradually increase as the second pressure P2 increases, differing from the case of using the first press molding device 30 (see the characteristics A (broken line)). More specifically, the density ⁇ does not increase until the final first pressure P1 (e.g., horizontal axis index: 50, 75, or 85) during the first press molding step (PR3) is exceeded. The density ⁇ increases rapidly when the second pressure P2 has exceeded the final first pressure P1. This means that the second press molding step is performed continuously with the first press molding step.
  • the final first pressure P1 e.g., horizontal axis index: 50, 75, or 85
  • the first press molding step need not be performed in a state in which the first pressure P1 is necessarily increased to a value (horizontal axis index: 100) corresponding to the maximum capacity. This makes it possible to prevent unnecessary time and energy consumption that may occur when the first press molding step is continued after the compression limit has been reached. Therefore, the production cost can be reduced. Moreover, since it is possible to avoid overloaded operation in which the horizontal axis index exceeds 100, breakage of the die does not occur. This makes it possible to ensure easy and stable operation.
  • the product discharge device 70 discharges the final green compact 120 in the cavity 63 of the second die 61 to the outside at the product discharge position Z23.
  • the product discharge device 70 includes a discharge rod 71 that is positioned at the product discharge position Z23, and a chute 73 that is incorporated in a discharge stage 77 (see (I) in FIG. 4 ).
  • the product discharge device 70 discharges the final green compact 120 by pushing the discharge rod 71 into the cavity 63 .
  • the discharge rod 71 can move upward and downward between the upper-limit position (not illustrated in FIG. 4 ) and the lower-limit position (see (I) in FIG. 4 ).
  • the diameter of the discharge rod 71 is equal to the diameter of the upper punch 66 illustrated in FIG. 4 (see (H)), or smaller to some extent than the diameter of the upper punch 66 .
  • the final green compact 120 in the cavity 63 of the die 62 included in the second die 61 can be discharged to the chute 73 by moving the discharge rod 71 downward to the lower-limit position after the second die 61 has been positioned on the upper side of the discharge stage 77 .
  • the green compact transfer method determines the production cycle, it is important to select an appropriate green compact transfer method. It is important to select an appropriate configuration and structure taking account of the equipment cost, handling/maintenance, and the production cost. Note that the workpiece is normally transferred linearly in related-art examples.
  • the embodiments of the invention employ a rotary transfer method that utilizes the rotary tables 80 and 90 .
  • the mixed powder filling position Z11, the heating position Z12, and the transfer relay position Z13 are situated separately from each other along a first circular path R1 defined around a first axis Z1.
  • the reception relay position Z21, the final green compact molding position Z22, and the product discharge position Z23 are situated separately from each other along a second circular path R2 defined around a second axis Z2.
  • the mixed powder filling position Z11, the heating position Z12, and the transfer relay position Z13 are situated at equal angles (120°), and the reception relay position Z21, the final green compact molding position Z22, and the product discharge position Z23 are situated at equal angles (120°).
  • the transfer device is configured to utilize the first rotary table 80 that can be rotated around the first axis Z1, and the second rotary table 90 that can be rotated around the second axis Z2.
  • the interval between the first axis Z1 and the second axis Z2 is determined so that the transfer relay position (vertical axis) Z13 and the reception relay position (vertical axis) Z21 coincide with each other.
  • the first rotary table 80 can be intermittently rotated around the first axis Z1 in a DRL (counterclockwise) direction so that the die holding section 85 can be positioned (stopped) at the mixed powder filling position Z11, the heating position Z12, and the transfer relay position Z13.
  • the first rotary table 80 can be moved upward and downward between the upper-limit position and the lower-limit position, and can be stopped at the upper-limit position and the lower-limit position.
  • the upper-limit position refers to a position at which the state illustrated in (A), (C), (D), and (F) in FIG. 3 occurs
  • the lower-limit position refers to a position at which the state illustrated in (B), (E), and (F) in FIG. 3 and (G) in FIG. 4 occurs.
  • the first rotary table 80 generates a pressing force that moves the elevating rod 43 downward to the lower-limit position against the biasing force applied by the spring 48 (see (D) and (E) in FIG. 3 ).
  • the first rotary table 80 is supported by a transfer drive shaft 87 (rotation drive shaft 88 and elevation shaft 89 ).
  • the rotation angle of the rotation drive shaft 88 can be controlled by a servo motor, and the rotation drive shaft 88 can stop the first rotary table 80 at the set angle. Therefore, the die holding section 85 can be accurately positioned at the positions Z11, Z12, and Z13.
  • the elevation shaft 89 that is spline-connected to the rotation drive shaft 88 can selectively move (position) the first rotary table 80 upward or downward to the upper-limit position or the lower-limit position using a cylinder device.
  • the first die 31 (die 32 ) is attached to the die holding section 85 .
  • the second rotary table 90 can be intermittently rotated around the second axis Z2 in a DRR (clockwise) direction so that the die holding section 95 can be positioned at the reception relay position Z21, the final green compact molding position Z22, and the product discharge position Z23.
  • the second rotary table 90 can stop the die holding section 95 at the reception relay position Z21, the final green compact molding position Z22, and the product discharge position Z23.
  • the transfer rotary shaft 97 is used only for rotation. In the first embodiment, the transfer rotary shaft 97 does not have an elevation function.
  • the second rotary table 90 is maintained at a given height (i.e., see (F) in FIG. 3 and (G), (H), and (I) in FIG. 4 ).
  • the second die 61 (die 62 ) is attached to the die holding section 95 .
  • a plurality of (three) die holding sections 85 are provided to the first rotary table 80 at equal angles (120°), and the first die 31 is attached to each die holding section 85 .
  • a plurality of (three) die holding sections 95 are provided to the second rotary table 90 at equal angles (120°), and the second die 61 is attached to each die holding section 95 .
  • the rotary tables 80 and 90 are formed using a large-diameter disc. Note that the rotary tables 80 and 90 may be formed by disposing a plurality of bracket-like members at equal angles (120°) so that each bracket-like member can rotate around the first axis Z1 or the second axis Z2 in synchronization.
  • the first die transfer device 81 , the unheated green compact transfer device 82 , and the heated green compact transfer device 83 are integrated using the first rotary table 80 (first die transfer device 81 , unheated green compact transfer device 82 , and heated green compact transfer device 83 ).
  • the first die transfer device 81 , the unheated green compact transfer device 82 , and the heated green compact transfer device 83 transfer the first die 31 while transferring the die holding section 85 along the first circular path R1 by utilizing intermittent rotation of the first rotary table 80 around the first axis Z1 in the DRL direction.
  • the first rotary table 80 is moved upward and downward when the first die 31 is transferred.
  • the first die transfer device 81 transfers the first die 31 situated at the transfer relay position Z13 (see (F) in FIG. 3 ) to the mixed powder filling position Z11 (see (A) in FIG. 3 ), and positions the first die 31 relative to the container 23 situated at the mixed powder filling position Z11.
  • the first die transfer device 81 moves the first die 31 upward from the lower-limit position to the upper-limit position during the above transfer operation.
  • the first die transfer device 81 that returns the first die 31 from the transfer relay position Z13 to the mixed powder filling position Z11 may be referred to as “first die return transfer device”.
  • the unheated green compact transfer device 82 transfers the first die 31 situated at the intermediate green compact molding position (mixed powder filling position Z11) (see (B) in FIG. 3 ) from the intermediate green compact molding position (mixed powder filling position Z11) to the heating position Z12 (see (E) in FIG. 3 ), and positions the first die 31 at the heating position Z12.
  • the first die 31 is moved upward from the lower-limit position (see (B) in FIG. 3 ) to the upper-limit position (see (C) in FIG. 3 ) during the above operation.
  • the first die 31 is then transferred to the heating position Z12 (see (D) in FIG. 3 ) due to rotation of the first rotary table 80 .
  • the first die 31 is placed (positioned) on the receiving section 44 situated at the upper-limit position, and moved downward to the lower-limit position due to downward movement of the elevating rod 43 .
  • the heated green compact transfer device 83 transfers the first die 31 that holds the mixed powder intermediate compressed body 110 from the heating position Z12 (see (E) in FIG. 3 ) to the transfer relay position Z13 (see (F) in FIG. 3 ).
  • the first die 31 is moved upward to the upper-limit position due to upward movement of the first rotary table 80 , positioned at the transfer relay position Z13, and moved downward to the lower-limit position.
  • the second die transfer device 91 , the final green compact transfer device 92 , and the second die return transfer device 93 are integrated using the second rotary table 90 (second die transfer device 91 , final green compact transfer device 92 , and second die return transfer device 93 ).
  • the second die transfer device 91 , the final green compact transfer device 92 , and the second die return transfer device 93 transfer the second die 61 while transferring the die holding section 95 along the second circular path R2 by utilizing intermittent rotation of the second rotary table 90 around the second axis Z2 in the DRR direction.
  • the second die transfer device 91 transfers the second die 61 that is situated at the reception relay position Z21 (see (G) in FIG. 4 ) and holds the intermediate green compact 110 to the final green compact molding position Z22 (see (H) in FIG. 4 ), and positions the second die 61 on the lower punch stage 67 situated at the final green compact molding position Z22.
  • the second rotary table 90 is rotated by 120°.
  • the final green compact transfer device 92 transfers the second die 61 that holds the final green compact 120 from the final green compact molding position Z22 (see (H) in FIG. 4 ), and positions the second die 61 at the product discharge position Z23 (see (I) in FIG. 4 ).
  • the second rotary table 90 is rotated by 120° in the DRR direction.
  • the second die return transfer device 93 transfers the second die 61 that has discharged the final green compact 120 from the product discharge position Z23 to the reception relay position (product discharge position Z23) (see (F) in FIG. 3 ), and positions the second die 61 at the reception relay position (product discharge position Z23). Specifically, the second die 61 is returned prior to the next cycle.
  • the green compact transfer device has the rotary table structure, and transfers the green compact along the circular path.
  • the green compact is transferred directly from the first die 31 to the second die 61 (see (F) in FIG. 3 and (G) in FIG. 4 ).
  • this rotary transfer/direct transfer method it is possible to prevent a situation in which the workpiece falls, prevent collision of the workpiece with the slide or the die, and promptly and accurately transfer the workpiece, as compared with a related-art transfer method that linearly transfers the workpiece using a robot or a transfer device.
  • the mixed powder 100 is also transferred as described above (see (A) and (B) in FIG. 3 ).
  • the mixed powder high-density molding system 1 implements the high-density molding method as described below.
  • the process is described below referring to the steps illustrated in (A) in FIG. 1 and the transfer operation illustrated in (B) in FIG. 1 .
  • the reference sign e.g., Z22
  • the reference sign e.g., Z22
  • the position e.g., final green compact molding position
  • the basic metal powder (magnetic-core vitreous insulating film-coated iron powder) and the lubricant powder (zinc stearate powder) (0.2 wt %) are mixed to prepare the mixed powder 100 in a dry state.
  • a given amount of the mixed powder 100 is fed to the mixed powder feeding device 10 (step PR0 in FIG. 1 ).
  • the mixed powder feeding device 10 is moved from a given position (not illustrated in the drawings) to a supply position (indicated by the dotted line in FIG. 3 (see (A)) at a given timing.
  • the inlet of the mixed powder feeding device 10 is opened, and the container device 20 (empty container cavity 24 ) is filled with the mixed powder 100 (step PR1 in FIG. 1 ).
  • the container device 20 (empty container cavity 24 ) can be filled with the mixed powder 100 within 2 seconds, for example.
  • the inlet is closed after the filling, and the mixed powder feeding device 10 is returned to the given position.
  • the first die transfer device 81 returns the first die 31 (die 32 ) from the state illustrated in (F) in FIG. 3 to the state illustrated in (A) in FIG. 3 .
  • the upper punch 36 When the upper punch 36 is moved downward in the state illustrated in (A) in FIG. 3 , the first die 31 is moved downward together with the first rotary table 80 .
  • the upper punch 36 moves the first die 31 and the container 23 downward against the biasing force applied by the spring 26 . Since the lower punch 37 is positioned at a given position, the mixed powder 100 in the container 23 is transferred to the cavity 33 of the first die 31 (die 32 ) while being preliminarily compressed.
  • the mixed powder transfer device (lower punch 37 ) operates.
  • the upper punch 36 is moved downward to apply the first pressure P1 to the mixed powder 100 in the die 32 (cavity 33 ).
  • the first press molding process (step PR3 in FIG. 1 ) is thus performed (see (B) in FIG. 3 ).
  • the powdery (solid) lubricant produces a sufficient lubricating effect.
  • the density ⁇ of the compressed intermediate green compact 110 increases along the characteristics A (dotted line) illustrated in FIG. 5 .
  • the first pressure P1 has reached a pressure (3.0 tons/cm 2 ) corresponding to a horizontal axis index of 30, for example, the true density ratio increases to 85% (i.e., the density rho increases to 6.63 g/cm 3 ) (vertical axis index: 87).
  • the press molding process is performed for 8 seconds, for example.
  • the intermediate green compact 110 thus obtained remains in the cavity 33 of the first die 31 .
  • the unheated green compact transfer device 82 starts to operate (see (C) in FIG. 3 ).
  • the first die 31 that holds the intermediate green compact 110 is moved upward to the upper-limit position (i.e., a position lower than the upper position of the upper punch 36 ).
  • the first die 31 and the intermediate green compact 110 are transferred from the intermediate green compact molding position (mixed powder filling position Z11) to the heating position Z12 (see (D) in FIG. 3 ).
  • the first rotary table 80 is rotated by 120° in the DRL direction (see FIG. 2 ).
  • the container 23 is returned to the initial position (upper-limit position) (see (A) in FIG. 3 ) from the lower-limit position for performing the next cycle.
  • the container 23 is returned by the biasing force applied by the spring 26 .
  • the first die 31 is positioned on the heating device 40 (receiving section 44 ) that is situated at the heating position Z12 and set at the upper-limit position (i.e., a position lower than the upper-limit position of the first die 31 ) (see (D) in FIG. 3 ).
  • the elevating rod 43 is moved downward to position the first die 31 at the lower-limit position (heating position) (see (E) in FIG. 3 ).
  • the heating device 40 starts to operate (i.e., the heater 47 is turned ON).
  • the intermediate green compact 110 in the die 32 is heated to the melting point (e.g., 120° C.) of the lubricant powder (step PR4 in FIG. 1 ). Specifically, the lubricant is melted, and the distribution of the lubricant in the intermediate green compact 110 becomes uniform.
  • the heating time is 8 to 10 seconds, for example.
  • the timing at which the heater 47 is turned ON can be changed. For example, the heater 47 may be turned ON in the state illustrated in (D) in FIG. 3 .
  • the heated green compact transfer device 83 starts to operate after completion of the heating step.
  • the heated intermediate green compact 110 is transferred from the heating position Z12 to the transfer relay position Z13 in a state in which the intermediate green compact 110 is placed in the first die 31 (see (E) and (F) in FIG. 3 ).
  • the first rotary table 80 is rotated by 120° in the DRL direction (see FIG. 2 ). Since the intermediate green compact 110 is transferred without being exposed to the air, a decrease in the temperature of the intermediate green compact 110 occurs to only a small extent.
  • the first die 31 is placed on the second die 61 that is positioned on the transfer relay stage 55 .
  • the intermediate green compact transfer device (extrusion rod 50 ) starts to operate.
  • the extrusion rod 50 is moved downward from the upper position (see (F) in FIG. 3 ) to transfer the heated intermediate green compact 110 placed in the first die 31 to the second die 61 (step PR5 in FIG. 1 ).
  • the extrusion rod 50 is returned to the upper position after completion of transfer.
  • the first die transfer device 81 moves the first die 31 upward to the upper-limit position (see (F) in FIG. 3 ), and returns the first die 31 from the transfer relay position Z13 to the mixed powder filling position Z11 (see (A) in FIG. 3 ).
  • the first die 31 is thus positioned on the container 23 .
  • the first rotary table 80 is rotated by 120° in the DRL direction.
  • the second die transfer device 91 also starts to operate.
  • the second die transfer device 91 transfers the intermediate green compact 110 received at the reception relay position Z21 (transfer relay position Z13) (see (F) in FIG. 3 ) from the reception relay position Z21 (see (G) in FIG. 4 ) to the final green compact molding position Z22 (see (H) in FIG. 4 ).
  • the intermediate green compact 110 is transferred in a state in which the intermediate green compact 110 is placed in the second die 61 .
  • the second rotary table 90 is rotated by 120° in the DRR direction (see FIG. 2 ).
  • the upper punch 66 is moved downward from the upper position together with the slide (not illustrated in the drawings) (see (H) in FIG. 4 ).
  • the second pressure P2 is applied to the lower punch stage 67 in a stationary state. Specifically, the second pressure P2 is applied to the heated intermediate green compact 110 in the die 62 (cavity 63 ).
  • the liquid lubricant produces a sufficient lubricating effect.
  • the sweating phenomenon in which the lubricant flows in all directions occurs during the press molding process. It is also possible to efficiently reduce the friction resistance between the basic metal particles, and the friction resistance between the basic metal particles and the die.
  • the density ⁇ of the compressed intermediate green compact 110 increases along the characteristics B (solid line) illustrated in FIG. 5 .
  • the density ⁇ rapidly increases from 6.63 g/cm 3 to a value (7.75 g/cm 3 ) corresponding to a vertical axis index of 102.
  • the density ⁇ (7.75 g/cm 3 ) becomes uniform over the entire green compact.
  • the second press molding process is performed for 8 seconds, for example, to obtain the final green compact 120 that has been molded in the die 41 (step PR6 in FIG. 1 ).
  • the upper die 66 is then moved upward to the upper position using the slide.
  • the vitreous material included in the final green compact 120 having a density ⁇ of 7.75 g/cm 3 corresponding to a vertical axis index of 102 is not modified/melted since the melting point of the lubricant powder was low. Therefore, a high-quality magnetic-core green compact that can reduce eddy current loss and improve magnetic flux density can be efficiently produced.
  • the final green compact transfer device 92 transfers the second die 61 that holds the final green compact 120 from the final green compact molding position Z22 (see (H) in FIG. 4 ) to the product discharge position Z23 (see (I) in FIG. 4 ).
  • the second die 61 is positioned at the product discharge position Z23 (discharge stage 77 ).
  • the discharge rod 71 stands by at the upper position during this period.
  • the second rotary table 90 is rotated by 120° in the DRR direction.
  • the product discharge device 70 starts to operate.
  • the discharge rod 71 is moved downward from the upper position to push the final green compact 120 in the second die 61 into the chute 73 (see (I) in FIG. 4 ).
  • the product is thus discharged (step PR7 in FIG. 1 ).
  • the discharge rod 71 is then moved upward to the upper position, and stands by.
  • the second die return transfer device 93 transfers the second die 61 from the product discharge position Z23 (see (I) in FIG. 4 ) to the reception relay position Z21 (transfer relay position Z13) (see (F) in FIG. 3 ).
  • the second rotary table 90 is rotated by 120° in the DRR direction. Since the second rotary table 90 is not moved upward and downward, prompt return transfer can be implemented.
  • the high-density green compact (final green compact 120 ) can be produced in a cycle time of 12 to 14 seconds (i.e., maximum heating time (10 seconds)+green compact transfer time (e.g., 2 to 4 seconds)).
  • maximum heating time (10 seconds)+green compact transfer time e.g., 2 to 4 seconds
  • high-temperature sintering time 30 minutes or more.
  • the high-density molding method according to the first embodiment can reliably and stably produce a high-density green compact while significantly reducing the production cost by filling the container 23 with the mixed powder 100 , transferring the mixed powder 100 to the first die 31 , applying the first pressure P1 to the mixed powder 100 to form the intermediate green compact 110 , heating the intermediate green compact 110 to the melting point (e.g., 120° C.) of the lubricant powder, placing the intermediate green compact 110 in the second die 61 , and applying the second pressure P2 to the intermediate green compact 110 to form the final green compact 120 . It is also possible to improve the efficiency of the operation that fills the die with the mixed powder 100 , and reduce the weight of the first die 31 and the like taking account of actual production.
  • the lubricant powder has a low melting point within the range of 90 to 190° C., it is possible to ensure that the lubricant powder produces a sufficient lubricating effect during the first press molding step. It is also possible to suppress oxidation, and enhance the selectivity of the lubricant.
  • the second die 61 can be pre-heated to the melting point of the lubricant powder before the second die 61 receives the intermediate green compact 110 , it is possible to improve the fluidity of the melted lubricant in all directions during the second press molding step. This makes it possible to significantly reduce the friction resistance between the basic metal particles, and the friction resistance between the basic metal particles and the second die 61 .
  • the first die 31 can be pre-heated after the intermediate green compact 110 has been molded, it is possible to shorten the production cycle time including the time in which the intermediate green compact 110 is heated.
  • the second pressure P2 can be set to be equal to the first pressure P1
  • the high-density molding method according to the first embodiment can efficiently and stably produce a magnetic core part that exhibits magnetic properties corresponding to the type of basic metal powder, using a magnetic-core vitreous insulating film-coated iron powder, a magnetic-core iron-based amorphous powder, or a magnetic-core Fe—Si alloy powder as the basic metal powder.
  • the high-density molding system 1 includes the mixed powder feeding device 10 , the mixed powder transfer device (lower punch 37 ), the first press molding device 30 , the heating device 40 , the intermediate green compact transfer device (extrusion rod 50 ), the second press molding device 60 , and the product discharge device 70 , it is possible to reliably and stably implement the high-density molding method. Moreover, the high-density molding system 1 facilitates handling.
  • the high-density molding system 1 includes the first die transfer device 81 , the unheated green compact transfer device 82 , and the heated green compact transfer device 83 that transfer the first die 31 , and also includes the second die transfer device 91 , the final green compact transfer device 92 , and the second die return transfer device 93 that transfer the second die 61 , the system configuration can be simplified, and the green compact can be transferred promptly and smoothly.
  • the mixed powder filling position Z11, the heating position Z12, and the transfer relay position Z13 are separately provided along the first circular path R1 defined around the first axis Z1
  • the reception relay position Z21, the final green compact molding position Z22, and the product discharge position Z23 are separately provided along the second circular path R2 defined around the second axis Z2
  • the first die transfer device 81 , the unheated green compact transfer device 82 , and the heated green compact transfer device 83 are implemented by utilizing the first rotary table 80 that can be rotated around the first axis Z1
  • the second die transfer device 91 , the final green compact transfer device 92 , and the second die return transfer device 93 are implemented by utilizing the second rotary table 90 that can be rotated around the second axis Z2
  • the system configuration can be further simplified. It is also possible to simplify the production line, and further facilitate handling. It is possible to implement prompt transfer and a reduction in size and weight as compared with a related-art linear transfer method.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate a second embodiment of the invention.
  • the basic configuration and function are the same as those described above in connection with the first embodiment (see FIGS. 1 to 6E ).
  • a second pre-heating device 64 is provided to the second die 61 (die 62 ) included in the second press molding device 60
  • a first pre-heating device 34 is provided to the first die 31 (die 32 ) included in the first press molding device 30 .
  • a high-density molding system is configured so that the second die 61 can be pre-heated, and a decrease in temperature of the heated intermediate green compact 110 can be prevented. Moreover, the intermediate green compact 110 can be preliminarily heated while pre-heating the first die 31 .
  • the first pre-heating device 34 and the second pre-heating device 64 are provided in the second embodiment, only the first pre-heating device 34 or the second pre-heating device 64 may be provided depending on the temperature of the work environment and the like.
  • FIG. 7 corresponds to FIG. 3 ( FIG. 4 ) according to the first embodiment.
  • FIGS. 1 , 2 , 5 , and 6 A to 6 E are similarly applied to the second embodiment.
  • the high-density molding method according to the invention can be implemented without pre-heating the second die 61 as long as the temperature of the heated intermediate green compact 110 has not decreased to a low temperature outside a specific temperature range until the second pressure P2 is applied to the intermediate green compact 110 in the second die 61 . It may be unnecessary to preliminary heat the intermediate green compact 110 by pre-heating the first die 31 before performing the heating step. In such a case, a pre-heating function for pre-heating the second die 61 and the first die 31 may not be provided.
  • the temperature of the heated intermediate green compact 110 may decrease before molding the final green compact 120 when the heat capacity of the intermediate green compact 110 is small, or when the transfer time or the transfer path until the second die 61 is reached is long, or depending on the composition of the mixed powder 100 or the configuration of the intermediate green compact 110 .
  • the desirable molding effect can be obtained by pre-heating the second die 61 .
  • the second pre-heating device (heater) 64 that can be adjusted in heating temperature is provided to the second die 61 (die 62 ).
  • the second pre-heating device 64 heats (pre-heats) the second die 61 to the melting point (e.g., 120° C.) of the lubricant powder (zinc stearate) before the intermediate green compact 110 is received (placed). Therefore, the heated intermediate green compact 110 can be placed in the second die 61 without allowing the intermediate green compact 110 to cool. This makes it possible to ensure a lubricating effect while preventing a situation in which the lubricant that has been melted (liquefied) solidifies.
  • the pre-heating step is performed before the final green compact-forming step (PR6) described above in connection with the first embodiment.
  • the second pre-heating device 64 can heat the second die 61 until the final green compact 120 is obtained. Therefore, the fluidity of the melted lubricant in all directions can be further improved during press molding, and the friction resistance between the basic metal particles, and the friction resistance between the basic metal particles and the second die 61 (die 62 ), can be significantly reduced.
  • the composition of the mixed powder 100 or the configuration of the intermediate green compact 110 is unique, or when the heat capacity of the mixed powder intermediate compressed body 110 is large, or when it is difficult to provide a large heating device, or when the temperature of the work environment is low, it may take time to heat the intermediate green compact 110 . In such a case, it is desirable to pre-heat the first die 31 . In the second embodiment, the first die 31 is pre-heated for the above reason.
  • the first pre-heating device (heater) 34 that can be adjusted in heating temperature is provided to the first die 31 (die 32 ) so that the first die 31 can be pre-heated in the state illustrated in (A) in FIG. 7 (corresponding to (A) in FIG. 3 ).
  • the first pre-heating device 34 can be used as the heating device 40 . This makes it possible to reduce the heating time of the heating device 40 , and shorten the production cycle.
  • the intermediate green compact 110 can be promptly heated at an average temperature.
  • the pre-heating step is performed after the intermediate green compact-forming step (PR3) described above in connection with the first embodiment.
  • the intermediate green compact 110 can be pre-heated until the intermediate green compact 110 is transferred to the heating device 40 .
  • the first pre-heating device 34 and the second pre-heating device 64 are implemented using an electric heating method (electric heater). Note that the first pre-heating device 34 and the second pre-heating device 64 may also be implemented using a hot oil/hot water circulation heating device or the like.
  • the second embodiment can thus achieve the same advantageous effects as those achieved by the first embodiment. Moreover, since the second die 61 can be pre-heated, it is possible to further improve the fluidity of the melted lubricant in all directions during the press molding step that applies the second pressure P2, and significantly reduce the friction resistance between the basic metal particles, and the friction resistance between the basic metal particles and the second die 61 .
  • the first die 31 can be pre-heated, it is possible to reduce the load imposed on the heating device 40 , and promptly increase the temperature of the intermediate green compact 110 by pre-heating the first die 31 . This makes it possible to shorten the production cycle.

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JPWO2013161746A1 (ja) 2015-12-24
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EP2842666A4 (en) 2016-01-13

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