Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D249/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D249/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
  • C07D249/08—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
  • A01N43/653—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C43/00—Ethers; Compounds having groups, groups or groups
  • C07C43/02—Ethers
  • C07C43/257—Ethers having an ether-oxygen atom bound to carbon atoms both belonging to six-membered aromatic rings
  • C07C43/263—Ethers having an ether-oxygen atom bound to carbon atoms both belonging to six-membered aromatic rings the aromatic rings being non-condensed
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C43/00—Ethers; Compounds having groups, groups or groups
  • C07C43/02—Ethers
  • C07C43/257—Ethers having an ether-oxygen atom bound to carbon atoms both belonging to six-membered aromatic rings
  • C07C43/29—Ethers having an ether-oxygen atom bound to carbon atoms both belonging to six-membered aromatic rings containing halogen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C47/00—Compounds having —CHO groups
  • C07C47/52—Compounds having —CHO groups bound to carbon atoms of six—membered aromatic rings
  • C07C47/575—Compounds having —CHO groups bound to carbon atoms of six—membered aromatic rings containing ether groups, groups, groups, or groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C49/00—Ketones; Ketenes; Dimeric ketenes; Ketonic chelates
  • C07C49/20—Unsaturated compounds containing keto groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
  • C07C49/255—Unsaturated compounds containing keto groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms containing ether groups, groups, groups, or groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C49/00—Ketones; Ketenes; Dimeric ketenes; Ketonic chelates
  • C07C49/76—Ketones containing a keto group bound to a six-membered aromatic ring
  • C07C49/84—Ketones containing a keto group bound to a six-membered aromatic ring containing ether groups, groups, groups, or groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D303/00—Compounds containing three-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D303/02—Compounds containing oxirane rings
  • C07D303/12—Compounds containing oxirane rings with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by singly or doubly bound oxygen atoms
  • C07D303/18—Compounds containing oxirane rings with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by singly or doubly bound oxygen atoms by etherified hydroxyl radicals
  • C07D303/20—Ethers with hydroxy compounds containing no oxirane rings
  • C07D303/22—Ethers with hydroxy compounds containing no oxirane rings with monohydroxy compounds

Definitions

• the present invention relates to fungicidal substituted 2-[2-halogenalkyl-4-phenoxy-phenyl]-1-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl-ethanol compounds and the N-oxides and the salts thereof for combating phytopathogenic fungi, and to the use and methods for combating phytopathogenic fungi and to seeds coated with at least one such compound.
• the invention also relates to processes for preparing these compounds, intermediates and to compositions comprising at least one compound I.
• WO 2010/146114 relates to triazole compounds carrying a sulfur substituent according to formulae I and II as defined in WO 2010/146114 and inter alia to intermediate compounds IV, their use as fungicides and production methods:
• the fungicidal activity of the known fungicidal compounds is unsatisfactory. Based on this, it was an object of the present invention to provide compounds having improved activity and/or a broader activity spectrum against phytopathogenic harmful fungi.
• the present invention furthermore relates to processes for preparing compounds of formula I.
• the present invention furthermore relates to intermediates such as compounds of formulae IV, V, Va, VI, VII, IX, X and XI and the preparation thereof.
• the compounds I can be obtained by various routes in analogy to prior art processes known (cf. J. Agric. Food Chem. (2009) 57, 4854-4860; EP 0 275 955 A1; DE 40 03 180 A1; EP 0 113 640 A2; EP 0 126 430 A2) and by the synthesis routes shown in the following schemes and in the experimental part of this application.
• X 1 stands for I or Br, in particular bromo derivatives III, preferably in the presence of a base.
• the resulting compounds IVa, in particular IV are then transformed into Grignard reagents by the reaction with transmetallation reagents such as isopropylmagnesium halides and subsequently reacted with acetyl chloride preferably under anhydrous conditions and preferably in the presence of a catalyst such as CuCl 2 , AlCl 3 , LiCl and mixtures thereof, to obtain acetophenones V.
• transmetallation reagents such as isopropylmagnesium halides
• acetyl chloride preferably under anhydrous conditions and preferably in the presence of a catalyst such as CuCl 2 , AlCl 3 , LiCl and mixtures thereof, to obtain acetophenones V.
• These compounds V can be halogenated e.g.
• These triazole compounds VII can be reacted with a Grignard reagent such as R 1 MgBr or an organolithium reagent R 1 Li preferably under anhydrous conditions to obtain compounds I wherein R 2 is hydrogen, which compounds are of formula I.A.
• a Lewis acid such as LaCl 3 x2 LiCl or MgBr 2 xOEt 2 can be used. If appropriate, these compounds I.A can subsequently be alkylated e.g.
• LG represents a nucleophilically replaceable leaving group such as halogen, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonyloxy and arylsulfonyloxy, preferably chloro, bromo or iodo, particularly preferably bromo, preferably in the presence of a base, such as for example, NaH in a suitable solvent such as THF, to form compounds I.
• a base such as for example, NaH in a suitable solvent such as THF
• bromo derivatives IIIa in a first step, are reacted with e.g. isopropylmagnesium bromide followed by an acyl chloride agent R 1 COCl (e.g. acetyl chloride) preferably under anhydrous conditions and optionally in the presence of a catalyst such as CuCl 2 , AlCl 3 , LiCl and mixtures thereof, to obtain ketones VIII. Thereafter, ketones VIII are reacted with phenoles 11 preferably in the presence of a base to obtain compounds Va wherein R 1 is as defined herein. Compounds Va may also be obtained in analogy to the first process described for compounds V. This is illustrated in the following scheme:
• intermediates Va are reacted with trimethylsulf(ox)onium halides, preferably iodide, preferably in the presence of a base such as sodium hydroxide.
• a base such as sodium hydroxide.
• the epoxides IX are reacted with 1H-1,2,4-triazole preferably in the presence of a base such as potassium carbonate and preferably in the presence of an organic solvent such as DMF to obtain compounds I.A which may be further derivatized as described above.
• the preparation of compounds I.A can be illustrated by the following scheme:
• the epoxide ring of intermediates IX is cleaved by reaction with alcohols R 2 OH preferably under acidic conditions. Thereafter, the resulting compounds X are reacted with halogenating agents or sulfonating agents such as PBr 3 , PCl 3 mesyl chloride, tosyl chloride or thionyl chloride to obtain compounds XI wherein LG is a nucleophilically replaceable leaving group such as halogen, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonyloxy and arylsulfonyloxy, preferably chloro, bromo or iodo, particularly preferably bromo or alkylsulfonyl. Then compounds XI are reacted with 1H-1,2,4-triazole to obtain compounds I.
• the preparation of compounds I can be illustrated by the following scheme:
• the N-oxides may be prepared from the compounds I according to conventional oxidation methods, e. g. by treating compounds I with an organic peracid such as metachloroperbenzoic acid (cf. WO 03/64572 or J. Med. Chem. 38(11), 1892-903, 1995); or with inorganic oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide (cf. J. Heterocyc. Chem. 18(7), 1305-8, 1981) or oxone (cf. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 123(25), 5962-5973, 2001).
• the oxidation may lead to pure mono-N-oxides or to a mixture of different N-oxides, which can be separated by conventional methods such as chromatography.
• R, R 3 , R 4 , n and m are as defined and preferably defined for formula I herein, and wherein X 1 stands for I or Br, with the proviso that if X 1 is Br and R is CF 3 and n is 0, R 4 m is not 4-Br, 3-CF 3 , 4-F or 2-Cl and m is not 0.
• X 1 is I.
• X 1 is Br, corresponding to formula IV, taking into account said proviso.
• n is 0, with the said proviso.
• in compounds IV and IVa m is 1, 2 or 3 and at least one R 4 is at the para-position.
• in compounds IV and IVa m is 1, 2 or 3 and at least one R 4 is para-halogen, for example Cl or F, in particular Cl, with the said proviso.
• R 4 m is 4-Cl.
• the substituents R, R 4 , R 3 , m and n are as defined in tables 1 to 72, 73 to 237 and/or 73a to 237a for compounds I, taking into account the above proviso for compounds IV, wherein the substituents are specific embodiments independently of each other or in any combination.
• in compounds V and Va m is 1 and R 4 is at the para-position.
• R 1 is not hydrogen, but selected from C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkynyl, C 3 -C 8 -cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 8 -cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, phenyl, phenyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, phenyl-C 2 -C 4 -alkenyl and phenyl-C 2 -C 4 -alkynyl.
• the substituents R, R 1 , R4, R 3 , m and n are as defined in tables 1 to 72, 73 to 237 and/or 73a to 237a for compounds I, taking into account the above proviso for compounds Va, wherein the substituents are specific embodiments independently of each other or in any combination.
• R, R 3 , R 4 , n and m are as defined and preferably defined for formula I herein, and wherein Hal stands for halogen, in particular CI or Br.
• Hal stands for halogen, in particular CI or Br.
• m is 1, 2 or 3 and at least one R 4 is at the para-position.
• m is 1 and R 4 is at the para-position.
• Hal in compounds VI stands for Br.
• the substituents R, R 4 , R 3 , m and n are as defined in tables 1 to 72, 73 to 237 and/or 73a to 237a for compounds I, wherein the substituents are specific embodiments independently of each other or in any combination.
• R, R 3 , R 4 , n and m are as defined and preferably defined for formula I herein.
• the substituents R, R 4 , R 3 , m and n are as defined in tables 1 to 72, 73 to 237 and/or 73a to 237a for compounds I, wherein the substituents are specific embodiments independently of each other or in any combination.
• R 1 is not hydrogen, but selected from C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkynyl, C 3 -C 8 -cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 8 -cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, phenyl, phenyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, phenyl-C 2 -C 4 -alkenyl and phenyl-C 2 -C 4 -alkynyl.
• the substituents R, R 1 , R 4 , R 3 , m and n are as defined in tables 1 to 72, 73 to 237 and/or 73a to 237a for compounds I, wherein the substituents are specific embodiments independently of each other or in any combination.
• R 1 is not hydrogen, but selected from C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkynyl, C 3 -C 8 -cycloalkyl, phenyl, phenyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, phenyl-C 2 -C 4 -alkenyl and phenyl-C 2 -C 4 -alkynyl.
• the substituents R, R 1 , R 2 , R 4 , R 3 , m and n are as defined in tables 1 to 72, 73 to 237 and/or 73a to 237a for compounds I, wherein the substituents are specific embodiments independently of each other or in any combination.
• R 1 is not hydrogen, but selected from C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkynyl, C 3 -C 8 -cycloalkyl, phenyl, phenyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, phenyl-C 2 -C 4 -alkenyl and phenyl-C 2 -C 4 -alkynyl.
• the substituents R, R 1 , R 2 , R 4 , R 3 , m and n are as defined in tables 1 to 72, 73 to 237 and/or 73a to 237a for compounds I, wherein the substituents are specific embodiments independently of each other or in any combination.
• C n -C m indicates the number of carbon atoms possible in each case in the substituent or substituent moiety in question.
• halogen refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
• C 1 -C 2 -haloalkyl refers to an alkyl group having 1 or 2 carbon atoms, wherein some or all of the hydrogen atoms in these groups may be replaced by halogen atoms as mentioned above, for example chloromethyl, bromomethyl, dichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chlorofluoromethyl, dichlorofluoromethyl, chlorodifluoromethyl, 1-chloroethyl, 1-bromoethyl, 1-fluoroethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2-chloro-2-fluoroethyl, 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2-dichloro-2-fluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl or pentafluoroethyl
• C 1 -C 6 -alkyl refers to a straight-chained or branched saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, e.g. methy, ethyl, propyl, 1-methylethyl, butyl, 1-methylpropyl, 2-methylpropyl, 1,1-dimethylethyl, pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, hexyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 1-ethylbutyl
• C 2 -C 4 -alkyl refers to a straight-chained or branched alkyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, such as ethyl, propyl (n-propyl), 1-methylethyl (iso-propoyl), butyl, 1-methylpropyl (sec.-butyl), 2-methylpropyl (iso-butyl), 1,1-dimethylethyl (tert.-butyl).
• C 2 -C 4 -alkenyl refers to a straight-chain or branched unsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 4 carbon atoms and a double bond in any position, e.g. ethenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl (allyl), 1-methylethenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 1-methyl-1-propenyl, 2-methyl-1-propenyl, 1-methyl-2-propenyl, 2-methyl-2-propenyl.
• C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl refers to a straight-chain or branched unsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 6 carbon atoms and a double bond in any position.
• C 2 -C 4 -alkynyl refers to a straight-chain or branched unsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 4 carbon atoms and containing at least one triple bond, such as ethynyl, prop-1-ynyl, prop-2-ynyl (propargyl), but-1-ynyl, but-2-ynyl, but-3-ynyl, 1-methyl-prop-2-ynyl.
• C 2 -C 6 -alkynyl refers to a straight-chain or branched unsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 6 carbon atoms and at least one triple bond.
• C 3 -C 8 -cycloalkyl refers to monocyclic saturated hydrocarbon radicals having 3 to 8 carbon ring members, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl or cyclooctyl.
• C 3 -C 8 -cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl refers to alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms (as defined above), wherein one hydrogen atom of the alkyl radical is replaced by a cycloalkyl radical having 3 to 8 carbon atoms (as defined above).
• C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy refers to a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms which is bonded via an oxygen, at any position in the alkyl group, e.g. methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, 1-methylethoxy, butoxy, 1-methyl propoxy, 2-methylpropoxy or 1,1-dimethylethoxy.
• C 1 -C 4 -haloalkoxy refers to a C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy radical as defined above, wherein some or all of the hydrogen atoms in these groups may be replaced by halogen atoms as mentioned above, e.g., OCH 2 F, OCHF 2 , OCF 3 , OCH 2 C 1 , OCHCl 2 , OCCl 3 , chlorofluoromethoxy, dichlorofluoromethoxy, chlorodifluoromethoxy, 2-fluoroethoxy, 2-chloroethoxy, 2-bromoethoxy, 2-iodoethoxy, 2,2-difluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, 2-chloro-2-fluoroethoxy, 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethoxy, 2,2-dichloro-2-fluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trichloro ethoxy, OC 2 F 5 , 2-fluorine flu
• phenyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl refers to alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms (as defined above), wherein one hydrogen atom of the alkyl radical is replaced by a phenyl radical.
• phenyl-C 2 -C 4 -alkenyl and “phenyl-C 2 -C 4 -alkynyl” refer to alkenyl and alkynyl, respectively, wherein one hydrogen atom of the aforementioned radicals is replaced by a phenyl radical.
• Agriculturally acceptable salts of compounds I encompass especially the salts of those cations or the acid addition salts of those acids whose cations and anions, respectively, have no adverse effect on the fungicidal action of the compounds I.
• Suitable cations are thus in particular the ions of the alkali metals, preferably sodium and potassium, of the alkaline earth metals, preferably calcium, magnesium and barium, of the transition metals, preferably manganese, copper, zinc and iron, and also the ammonium ion which, if desired, may carry one to four C 1 -C 4 -alkyl substituents and/or one phenyl or benzyl substituent, preferably diisopropylammonium, tetramethylammonium, tetrabutylammonium, trimethylbenzylammonium, furthermore phosphonium ions, sulfonium ions, preferably tri(C 1 -C 4 -alkyl)sulfonium, and s
• Anions of useful acid addition salts are primarily chloride, bromide, fluoride, hydrogensulfate, sulfate, dihydrogenphosphate, hydrogenphosphate, phosphate, nitrate, bicarbonate, carbonate, hexafluorosilicate, hexafluorophosphate, benzoate, and the anions of C 1 -C 4 -alkanoic acids, preferably formate, acetate, propionate and butyrate. They can be formed by reacting a compound of formula I with an acid of the corresponding anion, preferably of hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or nitric acid.
• the compounds of formula I can be present in atropisomers arising from restricted rotation about a single bond of asymmetric groups. They also form part of the subject matter of the present invention.
• the compounds of formula I and their N-oxides may have one or more centers of chirality, in which case they are present as pure enantiomers or pure diastereomers or as enantiomer or diastereomer mixtures. Both, the pure enantiomers or diastereomers and their mixtures are subject matter of the present invention.
• the embodiments of the intermediates correspond to the embodiments of the compounds I.
• R is C 1 -halogenalkyl, more preferably selected from CF 3 and CHF 2 , in particular CF 3 .
• R 1 is H.
• R 1 is selected from C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkynyl, C 3 -C 8 -cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 8 -cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, phenyl, phenyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, phenyl-C 2 -C 4 -alkenyl and phenyl-C 2 -C 4 -alkynyl, wherein the aliphatic groups of R 1 are in each case unsubstituted or carry 1, 2, 3 or up to the maximum possible number of identical or different groups R a , and the cycloalkyl and/or phenyl moieties of R 1 are in each case unsubstituted or carry 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or up to the maximum number of identical or different groups R b .
• R 1 is C 1 -C 6 -alkyl. According to another embodiment, R 1 is C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl. According to still another embodiment, R 1 is C 2 -C 6 -alkynyl. According to a specific embodiment thereof, R 1 is C ⁇ C—CH 3 . According to still another embodiment, R 1 is C 3 -C 8 -cycloalkyl. According to still another embodiment, R 1 is C 3 -C 8 -cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl. According to still another embodiment, R 1 is phenyl. According to still another embodiment, R 1 is phenyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl.
• R 1 is unsubstituted or substituted by 1 to 3 R a selected from halogen, in particular F and Cl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy and CN and/or 1 to 3 R b selected from halogen, in particular Cl and F, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl and CN.
• R a selected from halogen, in particular F and Cl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy and CN and/or 1 to 3 R b selected from halogen, in particular Cl and F, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl and CN.
• R 1 is selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, allyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkynyl, Cyclopropyl, phenyl, benzyl, phenylethenyl and phenylethinyl.
• a further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein R 1 is selected from allyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkynyl, phenyl, benzyl, phenylethenyl and phenylethinyl, wherein the aforementioned groups carry 1, 2 or 3 halogen substituents, more preferably R 1 is C 1 -C 2 -haloalkyl, in particular R 1 is CF 3 .
• Particularly preferred embodiments of the invention relate to compounds I, wherein the R 1 is as defined in Table P below.
• R 2 is hydrogen
• R 2 is selected from C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkynyl, phenyl and phenyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, wherein the aliphatic groups of R 2 are in each case unsubstituted or carry 1, 2, 3 or up to the maximum possible number of identical or different groups R a , and the cycloalkyl and/or phenyl moieties of R 2 are in each case unsubstituted or carry 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or up to the maximum number of identical or different groups R b .
• R 2 is C 1 -C 6 -alkyl. According to one further specific embodiment, R 2 is C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, in particular allyl. According to one further specific embodiment, R 2 is C 2 -C 6 -alkynyl, in particular —CH 2 —C ⁇ CH or —CH 2 —C ⁇ C—CH 3 .
• R 2 is phenyl. According to one further specific embodiment, R 2 is phenyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, in particular benzyl. In everyone of these embodiments, R 2 is unsubstituted or substituted by 1 to 3 R a selected from halogen, in particular F and Cl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy and/or 1 to 3 R b selected from halogen, in particular Cl and F, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy and C 1 -C 4 -alkyl. One specific embodiment further relates to compounds wherein R 2 is C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl.
• a further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein R 2 is selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, allyl, propargyl (—CH 2 —C ⁇ C—H) and benzyl, in particular R 2 is hydrogen, which compounds are of formula I.A.
• a further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein R 2 is methyl which compounds are of formula I.B:
• a further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein R 2 is ethyl which compounds are of formula I.C:
• a further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein R 2 is isopropyl which compounds are of formula I.D and still a further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein R 2 is benzyl which compounds are of formula I.E:
• a further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein R 2 is 4-C 1 -benzyl which compounds are of formula I.F and still a further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein R 2 is 4-F-benzyl which compounds are of formula I.G:
• a further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein R 2 is 4-CH 3 -benzyl which compounds are of formula I.H, and still a further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein R 2 is 4-OCH 3 -benzyl which compounds are of formula I.J:
• a further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein R 2 is CH 2 —OCH 3 which compounds are of formula I.K, and still a further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein R 2 is allyl which compounds are of formula I.L:
• a further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein R 2 is n-propyl which compounds are of formula I.M, and still a further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein R 2 is propargyl which compounds are of formula I.N:
• a further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein R 2 is CH 3 -propargyl which compounds are of formula I.O, and still a further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein R 2 is CH 2 C(CH 3 ) ⁇ CH 2 which compounds are of formula I.P:
• a further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein n is 0, which compounds are of formula I.1:
• a further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein R 3 n is ortho-CH 3 (ortho in relation to the linkage of the alcohol group to the phenyl ring), which compounds are of formula I.2. Still a further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein R 3 n is meta-CH 3 (meta in relation to the linkage of the alcohol group to the phenyl ring), which compounds are of formula I.3:
• a further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein R 3 n is ortho-CI (ortho in relation to the linkage of the alcohol group to the phenyl ring), which compounds are of formula I.4. Still a further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein R 3 n is meta-CI (meta in relation to the linkage of the alcohol group to the phenyl ring), which compounds are of formula I.5:
• a further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein n is 1, 2, or 3.
• a further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein R 3 is halogen, in particular selected from F and Cl.
• R 3 is C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, in particular CH 3 .
• R 3 is C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, in particular OCH 3 .
• R 3 is independently selected from halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl and C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy.
• a further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein m is 0 or 1. According to one embodiment, m is 1. According to one specific embodiment thereof, said R 4 is in the 4-position of the phenyl ring.
• R 4 is C 1 -C 4 -alkyl.
• R 4 is C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl.
• R 4 is C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy.
• R 4 is C 1 -C 4 -haloalkoxy.
• a further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein m is 1, 2 or 3.
• a further embodiment relates to compounds I, wherein R 4 is halogen, in particular selected from F and Cl.
• R 4 m is selected from 4-Cl, 2-F, 4-F, 2,4-Cl 2 , 2,4-F 2 , 2-F-4-Cl, 2,4,6-Cl 3 and 2,6-F 2 -4-Cl.
• Tables 13 to 24 Compounds 1501 to 3000 of formula I.A1, wherein R 1 is defined as in Tables 1 to 12 and R is CHF 2 instead of CF 3 and the meaning of R 4 m for each individual compound corresponds in each case to one line of table A.
• Tables 25 to 48 Compounds 3001 to 6000 of formula I.B1, wherein R and R 1 are defined as in Tables 1 to 24 and the meaning of R 4 m for each individual compound corresponds in each case to one line of table A.
• Tables 49 to 72 Compounds 6001 to 9000 of formula I.C1, wherein R and R 1 are defined as in Tables 1 to 24 and the meaning of R 4 m for each individual compound corresponds in each case to one line of table A.
• compound 130 of the invention as disclosed in Table 2, has the structure of formula I.A1 (see above), R 1 is methyl (line P-2 of table P), R is CF 3 and R 4 m for compound 130 corresponds to the fifth line of table A and is, thus 2-F.
• FIG. 1 Further embodiments of the present invention are compounds I, wherein n is 0 and R 2 is isopropyl, CH 2 -phenyl, CH 2 -(4-Cl-phenyl), CH 2 -(4-F-phenyl), CH 2 -(4-CH 3 -phenyl), CH 2 -(4-OCH 3 -phenyl), CH 2 —OCH 3 , CH 2 —CH ⁇ CH 2 , n-propyl, CH 2 —C ⁇ C—H, CH 2 —C ⁇ C—CH 3 or CH 2 C(CH 3 ) ⁇ CH 2 , which compounds are of formulae I.D1, I.E1, I.F1, I.G1, I.H1, I.J1, I.K1, I.L1, I.M1, I.N1, I.O1 and I.P1, respectively:
• R 3 n is ortho-CH 3 (ortho in relation to the linkage of the alcohol group to the phenyl ring) and R 2 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, CH 2 -phenyl, CH 2 -(4-Cl-phenyl), CH 2 -(4-F-phenyl), CH 2 -(4-CH 3 -phenyl), CH 2 -(4-OCH 3 -phenyl), CH 2 —OCH 3 , CH 2 —CH ⁇ CH 2 , n-propyl, CH 2 —C ⁇ C—H, CH 2 —C ⁇ C—CH 3 or CH 2 C(CH 3 ) ⁇ CH 2 , which compounds are of formulae I.A2, I.B2, I.C2, I.D2, I.E2, I.F2, I.G2, I.H2, I.J2, I.K2, I.L2, I.M2, I.N2, I.O2 and
• R 3 n is meta-CH 3 (meta in relation to the linkage of the alcohol group to the phenyl ring) and R 2 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, CH 2 -phenyl, CH 2 -(4-Cl-phenyl), CH 2 -(4-F-phenyl), CH 2 -(4-CH 3 -phenyl), CH 2 -(4-OCH 3 -phenyl), CH 2 —OCH 3 , CH 2 —CH ⁇ CH 2 , n-propyl, CH 2 —C ⁇ C—H, CH 2 —C ⁇ C—CH 3 or CH 2 C(CH 3 ) ⁇ CH 2 , which compounds are of formulae I.A3, I.B3, I.C3, I.D3, I.E3, I.F3, I.G3, I.H3, I.J3, I.K3, I.L3, I.M3, I.N3, I.O3 and I
• FIG. 1 Further embodiments of the present invention are compounds I, wherein R 3 n is ortho-CI (ortho in relation to the linkage of the alcohol group to the phenyl ring) and R 2 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, CH 2 -phenyl, CH 2 -(4-Cl-phenyl), CH 2 -(4-F-phenyl), CH 2 -(4-CH 3 -phenyl), CH 2 -(4-OCH 3 -phenyl), CH 2 —OCH 3 , CH 2 —CH ⁇ CH 2 , n-propyl, CH 2 —C ⁇ C—H, CH 2 —C ⁇ C—CH 3 or CH 2 C(CH 3 ) ⁇ CH 2 , which compounds are of formulae I.A4, I.B4, I.C4, I.D4, I.E4, I.F4, I.G4, I.H4, I.J4, I.K4, I.L4, I.M4, I.N4, I.
• R 3 n is meta-CI (meta in relation to the linkage of the alcohol group to the phenyl ring) and R 2 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, CH 2 -phenyl, CH 2 -(4-Cl-phenyl), CH 2 -(4-F-phenyl), CH 2 -(4-CH 3 -phenyl), CH 2 -(4-OCH 3 -phenyl), CH 2 —OCH 3 , CH 2 —CH ⁇ CH 2 , n-propyl, CH 2 —C ⁇ C—H, CH 2 —C ⁇ C—CH 3 or CH 2 C(CH 3 ) ⁇ CH 2 , which compounds are of formulae I.A5, I.B5, I.C5, I.D5, I.E5, I.F5, I.G5, I.H5, I.J5, I.K5, I.L5, I.M5, I.N5, I.O5 and I.
• FIG. 1 Further embodiments of the present invention are compounds I, wherein R 3 n is ortho-Br (ortho in relation to the linkage of the alcohol group to the phenyl ring) and R 2 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, CH 2 -phenyl, CH 2 -(4-Cl-phenyl), CH 2 -(4-F-phenyl), CH 2 -(4-CH 3 -phenyl), CH 2 -(4-OCH 3 -phenyl), CH 2 —OCH 3 , CH 2 —CH ⁇ CH 2 , n-propyl, CH 2 —C ⁇ C—H, CH 2 —C ⁇ C—CH 3 or CH 2 C(CH 3 ) ⁇ CH 2 , which compounds are of formulae I.A6, I.B6, I.C6, I.D6, I.E6, I.F6, I.G6, I.H6, I.J6, I.K6, I.L6, I.M6, I.N6, I
• R 3 n is meta-Br (meta in relation to the linkage of the alcohol group to the phenyl ring) and R 2 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, CH 2 -phenyl, CH 2 -(4-Cl-phenyl), CH 2 -(4-F-phenyl), CH 2 -(4-CH 3 -phenyl), CH 2 -(4-OCH 3 -phenyl), CH 2 —OCH 3 , CH 2 —CH ⁇ CH 2 , n-propyl, CH 2 —C ⁇ C—H, CH 2 —C ⁇ C—CH 3 or CH 2 C(CH 3 ) ⁇ CH 2 , which compounds are of formulae I.A7, I.B7, I.C7, I.D7, I.E7, I.F7, I.G7, I.H7, I.J7, I.K7, I.L7, I.M
• FIG. 1 Further embodiments of the present invention are compounds I, wherein R 3 n is ortho-F (ortho in relation to the linkage of the alcohol group to the phenyl ring) and R 2 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, CH 2 -phenyl, CH 2 -(4-Cl-phenyl), CH 2 -(4-F-phenyl), CH 2 -(4-CH 3 -phenyl), CH 2 -(4-OCH 3 -phenyl), CH 2 —OCH 3 , CH 2 —CH ⁇ CH 2 , n-propyl, CH 2 —C ⁇ C—H, CH 2 —C ⁇ C—CH 3 or CH 2 C(CH 3 ) ⁇ CH 2 , which compounds are of formulae I.A8, I.B8, I.C8, I.D8, I.E8, I.F8, I.G8, I.H8, I.J8, I.K8, I.L8, I.M8, I.N8, I.
• FIG. 1 Further embodiments of the present invention are compounds I, wherein R 3 n is meta-F (meta in relation to the linkage of the alcohol group to the phenyl ring) and R 2 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, CH 2 -phenyl, CH 2 -(4-Cl-phenyl), CH 2 -(4-F-phenyl), CH 2 -(4-CH 3 -phenyl), CH 2 -(4-OCH 3 -phenyl), CH 2 —OCH 3 , CH 2 —CH ⁇ CH 2 , n-propyl, CH 2 —C ⁇ C—H, CH 2 —C ⁇ C—CH 3 or CH 2 C(CH 3 ) ⁇ CH 2 , which compounds are of formulae I.A9, I.B9, I.C9, I.D9, I.E9, I.F9, I.G9, I.H9, I.J9, I.K9, I.L9,
• R 3 n is ortho-OCH 3 (ortho in relation to the linkage of the alcohol group to the phenyl ring) and R 2 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, CH 2 -phenyl, CH 2 -(4-Cl-phenyl), CH 2 -(4-F-phenyl), CH 2 -(4-CH 3 -phenyl), CH 2 -(4-OCH 3 -phenyl), CH 2 —OCH 3 , CH 2 —CH ⁇ CH 2 , n-propyl, CH 2 —C ⁇ C—H, CH 2 —C EC-CH 3 or CH 2 C(CH 3 ) ⁇ CH 2 , which compounds are of formulae I.A10, I.B10, I.C10, I.D10, I.E10, I.F10, I.G10, I.H10, I.J10, I.K10, I.L10, I
• R 3 n is meta-OCH 3 (meta in relation to the linkage of the alcohol group to the phenyl ring) and R 2 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, CH 2 -phenyl, CH 2 -(4-Cl-phenyl), CH 2 -(4-F-phenyl), CH 2 -(4-CH 3 -phenyl), CH 2 -(4-OCH 3 -phenyl), CH 2 —OCH 3 , CH 2 —CH ⁇ CH 2 , n-propyl, CH 2 —C ⁇ C—H, CH 2 —C EC-CH 3 or CH 2 C(CH 3 ) ⁇ CH 2 , which compounds are of formulae I.A11, I.B11, I.C11, I.D11, I.E11, I.F11, I.G11, I.H11, I.J11, I.K11, I.L11, I.
• compound I.C1-75A1-375 is the inventive compound I.C1 (formula see above), wherein the substituent R is CF 3 (as defined in Table 75) and wherein the meaning of R 4 m and R 1 is given in line 375 of Table A1: R 4 m is 3-Cl and R 1 is n-butyl.
• Table 103 Compounds I.A3, wherein R is CF 3 , and wherein the combination of R 4 , and R 1 for each compound corresponds to one line of lines 1 to 1085 of Table A1 (Compounds I.A3-103A1-1 to I.A3-103A1-1085)
• Table 178 Compounds I.A8, wherein R is CF 3 , and wherein the combination of R 4 , and R 1 for each compound corresponds to one line of lines 1 to 1085 of Table A1 (Compounds I.A8-178A1-1 to I.A8-178A1-1085)
• Table 208 Compounds I.A10, wherein R is CF 3 , and wherein the combination of R 4 , and R 1 for each compound corresponds to one line of lines 1 to 1085 of Table A1 (Compounds I.A10-208A1-1 to I.A10-208A1-1085)
• Table 88a Compounds I.A2, wherein R is CF 3 , and wherein the combination of R 4 , and R 1 for each compound corresponds to one line of lines 1 to 1085 of Table A1 (Compounds I.A2-88aA1-1 to I.A2-88aA1-1085)
• Table 133a Compounds I.A5, wherein R is CF 3 , and wherein the combination of R 4 , and R 1 for each compound corresponds to one line of lines 1 to 1085 of Table A1 (Compounds I.A5-133aA1-1 to I.A5-133aA1-1085)
• Table 148a Compounds I.A6, wherein R is CF 3 , and wherein the combination of R 4 , and R 1 for each compound corresponds to one line of lines 1 to 1085 of Table A1 (Compounds I.A6-148aA1-1 to I.A6-148aA1-1085)
• Table 163a Compounds I.A7, wherein R is CF 3 , and wherein the combination of R 4 , and R 1 for each compound corresponds to one line of lines 1 to 1085 of Table A1 (Compounds I.A7-163aA1-1 to I.A7-163aA1-1085)
• Table 178a Compounds I.A8, wherein R is CF 3 , and wherein the combination of R 4 , and R 1 for each compound corresponds to one line of lines 1 to 1085 of Table A1 (Compounds I.A8-178aA1-1 to I.A8-178aA1-1085)
• Table 193a Compounds I.A9, wherein R is CF 3 , and wherein the combination of R 4 , and R 1 for each compound corresponds to one line of lines 1 to 1085 of Table A1 (Compounds I.A9-193aA1-1 to I.A9-193aA1-1085)
• Table 208a Compounds I.A10, wherein R is CF 3 , and wherein the combination of R 4 , and R 1 for each compound corresponds to one line of lines 1 to 1085 of Table A1 (Compounds I.A10-208aA1-1 to I.A10-208aA1-1085)
• the compounds I and the compositions according to the invention, respectively, are suitable as fungicides. They are distinguished by an outstanding effectiveness against a broad spectrum of phytopathogenic fungi, including soil-borne fungi, which derive especially from the classes of the Plasmodiophoromycetes, Peronosporomycetes (syn. Oomycetes), Chytridiomycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes (syn. Fungi imperfecti). Some are systemically effective and they can be used in crop protection as foliar fungicides, fungicides for seed dressing and soil fungicides. Moreover, they are suitable for controlling harmful fungi, which inter alia occur in wood or roots of plants.
• the present invention also relates to a method for combating phytopathogenic fungi, comprising: treating the fungi or the materials, plants, the soil or seeds to be protected against fungal attack with an effective amount of at least one compound of formula I as defined herein.
• the compounds I and the compositions according to the invention are particularly important in the control of a multitude of phytopathogenic fungi on various cultivated plants, such as cereals, e. g. wheat, rye, barley, triticale, oats or rice; beet, e. g. sugar beet or fodder beet; fruits, such as pomes, stone fruits or soft fruits, e. g.
• compounds I and compositions thereof are used for controlling a multitude of fungi on field crops, such as potatoes sugar beets, tobacco, wheat, rye, barley, oats, rice, corn, cotton, soybeans, rape, legumes, sunflowers, coffee or sugar cane; fruits; vines; ornamentals; or vegetables, such as cucumbers, tomatoes, beans or squashes.
• field crops such as potatoes sugar beets, tobacco, wheat, rye, barley, oats, rice, corn, cotton, soybeans, rape, legumes, sunflowers, coffee or sugar cane; fruits; vines; ornamentals; or vegetables, such as cucumbers, tomatoes, beans or squashes.
• plant propagation material is to be understood to denote all the generative parts of the plant such as seeds and vegetative plant material such as cuttings and tubers (e. g. potatoes), which can be used for the multiplication of the plant. This includes seeds, roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, shoots, sprouts and other parts of plants, including seedlings and young plants, which are to be transplanted after germination or after emergence from soil. These young plants may also be protected before transplantation by a total or partial treatment by immersion or pouring.
• treatment of plant propagation materials with compounds I and compositions thereof, respectively is used for controlling a multitude of fungi on cereals, such as wheat, rye, barley and oats; rice, corn, cotton and soybeans.
• cultiva plants is to be understood as including plants which have been modified by breeding, mutagenesis or genetic engineering including but not limiting to agricultural biotech products on the market or in development (cf. http://www.bio.org/speeches/pubs/er/agri_products.asp).
• Genetically modified plants are plants, which genetic material has been so modified by the use of recombinant DNA techniques that under natural circumstances cannot readily be obtained by cross breeding, mutations or natural recombination.
• one or more genes have been integrated into the genetic material of a genetically modified plant in order to improve certain properties of the plant.
• Such genetic modifications also include but are not limited to targeted post-translational modification of protein(s), oligo- or polypeptides e. g. by glycosylation or polymer additions such as prenylated, acetylated or farnesylated moieties or PEG moieties.
• auxin herbicides such as
• herbicides e. bromoxynil or ioxynil herbicides as a result of conventional methods of breeding or genetic engineering. Furthermore, plants have been made resistant to multiple classes of herbicides through multiple genetic modifications, such as resistance to both glyphosate and glufosinate or to both glyphosate and a herbicide from another class such as ALS inhibitors, HPPD inhibitors, auxin herbicides, or ACCase inhibitors.
• These herbicide resistance technologies are e. g. described in Pest Managem. Sci. 61, 2005, 246; 61, 2005, 258; 61, 2005, 277; 61, 2005, 269; 61, 2005, 286; 64, 2008, 326; 64, 2008, 332; Weed Sci.
• mutagenesis e.g. Clearfield® summer rape (Canola, BASF SE, Germany) being tolerant to imidazolinones, e. g. imazamox, or ExpressSun® sunflowers (DuPont, USA) being tolerant to sulfonyl ureas, e. g. tribenuron.
• plants are also covered that are by the use of recombinant DNA techniques capable to synthesize one or more insecticidal proteins, especially those known from the bacterial genus Bacillus , particularly from Bacillus thuringiensis , such as ⁇ -endotoxins, e. g. CryIA(b), CryIA(c), CryIF, CryIF(a2), CryIIA(b), CryIIIA, CryIIIB(b1) or Cry9c; vegetative insecticidal proteins (VIP), e. g. VIP1, VIP2, VIP3 or
• VIP3A insecticidal proteins of bacteria colonizing nematodes, e. g. Photorhabdus spp. or Xenorhabdus spp.; toxins produced by animals, such as scorpion toxins, arachnid toxins, wasp toxins, or other insect-specific neurotoxins; toxins produced by fungi, such Streptomycetes toxins, plant lectins, such as pea or barley lectins; agglutinins; proteinase inhibitors, such as trypsin inhibitors, serine protease inhibitors, patatin, cystatin or papain inhibitors; ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIP), such as ricin, maize-RIP, abrin, luffin, saporin or bryodin; steroid metabolism enzymes, such as 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase, ecdysteroid-IDP-glycosyl-transferase, cholesterol oxidases, ecdy
• these insecticidal proteins or toxins are to be understood expressly also as pre-toxins, hybrid proteins, truncated or otherwise modified proteins.
• Hybrid proteins are characterized by a new combination of protein domains, (see, e. g. WO 02/015701).
• Further examples of such toxins or genetically modified plants capable of synthesizing such toxins are disclosed, e. g., in EP-A 374 753, WO 93/007278, WO 95/34656, EP-A 427 529, EP-A 451 878, WO 03/18810 and WO 03/52073.
• the methods for producing such genetically modified plants are generally known to the person skilled in the art and are described, e. g.
• insecticidal proteins contained in the genetically modified plants impart to the plants producing these proteins tolerance to harmful pests from all taxonomic groups of athropods, especially to beetles (Coeloptera), two-winged insects (Diptera), and moths (Lepidoptera) and to nematodes (Nematoda).
• Genetically modified plants capable to synthesize one or more insecticidal proteins are, e.
• WO 03/018810 MON 863 from Monsanto Europe S.A., Belgium (corn cultivars producing the Cry3Bb1 toxin), IPC 531 from Monsanto Europe S.A., Belgium (cotton cultivars producing a modified version of the CryIAc toxin) and 1507 from Pioneer Overseas Corporation, Belgium (corn cultivars producing the CryIF toxin and PAT enzyme).
• plants are also covered that are by the use of recombinant DNA techniques capable to synthesize one or more proteins to increase the resistance or tolerance of those plants to bacterial, viral or fungal pathogens.
• proteins are the so-called “pathogenesis-related proteins” (PR proteins, see, e. g. EP-A 392 225), plant disease resistance genes (e. g. potato cultivars, which express resistance genes acting against Phytophthora infestans derived from the mexican wild potato Solanum bulbocastanum ) or T4-lysozym (e. g. potato cultivars capable of synthesizing these proteins with increased resistance against bacteria such as Erwinia amylvora ).
• PR proteins pathogenesis-related proteins
• plant disease resistance genes e. g. potato cultivars, which express resistance genes acting against Phytophthora infestans derived from the mexican wild potato Solanum bulbocastanum
• T4-lysozym e. g.
• plants are also covered that are by the use of recombinant DNA techniques capable to synthesize one or more proteins to increase the productivity (e. g. bio mass production, grain yield, starch content, oil content or protein content), tolerance to drought, salinity or other growth-limiting environmental factors or tolerance to pests and fungal, bacterial or viral pathogens of those plants.
• productivity e. g. bio mass production, grain yield, starch content, oil content or protein content
• plants are also covered that contain by the use of recombinant DNA techniques a modified amount of substances of content or new substances of content, specifically to improve human or animal nutrition, e. g. oil crops that produce health-promoting long-chain omega-3 fatty acids or unsaturated omega-9 fatty acids (e. g. Nexera® rape, DOW Agro Sciences, Canada).
• plants are also covered that contain by the use of recombinant DNA techniques a modified amount of substances of content or new substances of content, specifically to improve raw material production, e. g. potatoes that produce increased amounts of amylopectin (e. g. Amflora® potato, BASF SE, Germany).
• a modified amount of substances of content or new substances of content specifically to improve raw material production, e. g. potatoes that produce increased amounts of amylopectin (e. g. Amflora® potato, BASF SE, Germany).
• the compounds I and compositions thereof, respectively, are particularly suitable for controlling the following plant diseases:
• Albugo spp. (white rust) on ornamentals, vegetables (e. g. A. candida ) and sunflowers (e. g. A. tragopogonis ); Alternaria spp. ( Alternaria leaf spot) on vegetables, rape ( A. brassicola or brassicae ), sugar beets (A. tenuis ), fruits, rice, soybeans, potatoes (e. g. A. solani or A. alternata ), tomatoes (e. g. A. solani or A. alternata ) and wheat; Aphanomyces spp. on sugar beets and vegetables; Ascochyta spp. on cereals and vegetables, e. g. A.
• Botrytis cinerea (teleomorph: Botryotinia fuckeliana : grey mold) on fruits and berries (e. g. strawberries), vegetables (e. g. lettuce, carrots, celery and cabbages), rape, flowers, vines, forestry plants and wheat; Bremia lactucae (downy mildew) on lettuce; Ceratocystis (syn. Ophostoma ) spp. (rot or wilt) on broad-leaved trees and evergreens, e. g. C. ulmi (Dutch elm disease) on elms; Cercospora spp. ( Cercospora leaf spots) on corn (e.g.
• Gray leaf spot C. zeae - maydis ), rice, sugar beets (e. g. C. beticola ), sugar cane, vegetables, coffee, soybeans (e. g. C. sojina or C. kikuchii ) and rice; Cladosporium spp. on tomatoes (e. g. C. fulvum : leaf mold) and cereals, e. g. C. herbarum (black ear) on wheat; Claviceps purpurea (ergot) on cereals; Cochliobolus (anamorph: Helminthosporium of Bipolaris ) spp. (leaf spots) on corn ( C. carbonum ), cereals (e. g.
• C. sativus anamorph: B. sorokiniana
• rice e. g. C. miyabeanus , anamorph: H. oryzae
• Colletotrichum teleomorph: Glomerella
• spp. anthracnose on cotton (e. g. C. gossypii ), corn (e. g. C. graminicola : Anthracnose stalk rot), soft fruits, potatoes (e. g. C. coccodes : black dot), beans (e. g. C. lindemuthianum ) and soybeans (e. g. C. truncatum or C.
• Corticium spp. e. g. C. sasakii (sheath blight) on rice; Corynespora cassiicola (leaf spots) on soybeans and ornamentals; Cycloconium spp., e. g. C. oleaginum on olive trees; Cylindrocarpon spp. (e. g. fruit tree canker or young vine decline, teleomorph: Nectria or Neonectria spp.) on fruit trees, vines (e. g. C.
• liriodendri teleomorph: Neonectria liriodendri : Black Foot Disease) and ornamentals; Dematophora (teleomorph: Rosellinia ) necatrix (root and stem rot) on soybeans; Diaporthe spp., e. g. D. phaseolorum (damping off) on soybeans; Drechslera (syn. Helminthosporium , teleomorph: Pyrenophora ) spp. on corn, cereals, such as barley (e. g. D. teres , net blotch) and wheat (e. g. D. D.
• tritici - repentis tritici - repentis : tan spot), rice and turf; Esca (dieback, apoplexy) on vines, caused by Formitiporia (syn. Phellinus ) punctata, F. mediterranea, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (earlier Phaeoacremonium chlamydosporum ), Phaeoacremonium aleophilum and/or Botryosphaeria obtusa; Elsinoe spp. on pome fruits ( E. pyri ), soft fruits ( E. veneta : anthracnose) and vines ( E.
• ampelina anthracnose
• Entyloma oryzae leaf smut
• Epicoccum spp. black mold
• Erysiphe spp. potowdery mildew
• sugar beets E. betae
• vegetables e. g. E. pisi
• cucurbits e. g. E. cichoracearum
• cabbages e. g. E. cruciferarum
• Eutypa lata Eutypa canker or dieback, anamorph: Cytosporina lata , syn.
• Drechslera teleomorph: Cochliobolus ) on corn, cereals and rice; Hemileia spp., e. g. H. vastatrix (coffee leaf rust) on coffee; Isariopsis clavispora (syn. Cladosporium vitis ) on vines; Macrophomina phaseolina (syn. phaseoli ) (root and stem rot) on soybeans and cotton; Microdochium (syn. Fusarium ) nivale (pink snow mold) on cereals (e. g. wheat or barley); Microsphaera diffusa (powdery mildew) on soybeans; Monilinia spp., e.
• soybeans e. g. P. manshurica
• Phakopsora pachyrhizi and P. meibomiae on soybeans
• Phialophora spp. e. g. on vines (e. g. P. tracheiphlla and P. tetraspora )
• soybeans e. g. P. gregata : stem rot
• Phoma lingam root and stem rot
• rape and cabbage P. betae
• viticola can and leaf spot
• soybeans e. g. stem rot: P. phaseol i, teleomorph: Diaporthe phaseolorum
• Physoderma maydis brown spots
• Phytophthora spp. wilt, root, leaf, fruit and stem root
• various plants such as paprika and cucurbits (e. g. P. capsici ), soybeans (e. g. P. megasperma , syn. P. sojae ), potatoes and tomatoes (e. g. P. infestans late blight) and broad-leaved trees (e. g. P.
• Plasmodiophora brassicae club root
• Plasmopara spp. e. g. P. viticola (grapevine downy mildew) on vines and P. halstedii on sunflowers
• Podosphaera spp. powdery mildew on rosaceous plants, hop, pome and soft fruits, e. g. P. leucotricha on apples
• Polymyxa spp. e. g. on cereals, such as barley and wheat ( P. graminis ) and sugar beets ( P.
• Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides eyespot, teleomorph: Tapesia yallundae
• Pseudoperonospora downy mildew
• Pseudopezicula tracheiphlla red fire disease or, rotbrenner', anamorph: Phialophora ) on vines
• Puccinia spp. rusts
• oryzae (teleomorph: Magnaporthe grisea , rice blast) on rice and P. grisea on turf and cereals; Pythium spp. (damping-off) on turf, rice, corn, wheat, cotton, rape, sunflowers, soybeans, sugar beets, vegetables and various other plants (e. g. P. ultimum or P. aphandermatum ); Ramularia spp., e. g. R. collo - cygni ( Ramularia leaf spots, Physiological leaf spots) on barley and R. beticola on sugar beets; Rhizoctonia spp.
• R. solani root and stem rot
• S. solani silk and stem rot
• S. solani silk and stem rot
• S. solani silk blight
• rice or R. cerealis Rhizoctonia spring blight
• Rhizopus stolonifer black mold, soft rot
• strawberries carrots, cabbage, vines and tomatoes
• Rhynchosporium secalis scald
• Sarocladium oryzae and S. attenuatum sheath rot) on rice
• Sclerotinia spp Sclerotinia spp.
• seed rot or white mold on vegetables and field crops, such as rape, sunflowers (e. g. S. sclerotiorum ) and soybeans (e. g. S. rolfsii or S. sclerotiorum ); Septona spp. on various plants, e. g. S. glycines (brown spot) on soybeans, S. tritici ( Septoria blotch) on wheat and S . (syn. Stagonospora ) nodorum ( Stagonospora blotch) on cereals; Uncinula (syn.
• Erysiphe ) necator prowdery mildew, anamorph: Odium tuckeri ) on vines
• Setospaena spp. leaf blight
• corn e. g. S. turcicum , syn. Helminthosporium turcicum
• turf e. g. S. turcicum , syn. Helminthosporium turcicum
• Sphaerotheca fuliginea prowdery mildew
• Spongospora subterranea powdery scab
• the compounds I and compositions thereof, respectively, are also suitable for controlling harmful fungi in the protection of stored products or harvest and in the protection of materials.
• the term “protection of materials” is to be understood to denote the protection of technical and non-living materials, such as adhesives, glues, wood, paper and paperboard, textiles, leather, paint dispersions, plastics, coiling lubricants, fiber or fabrics, against the infestation and destruction by harmful microorganisms, such as fungi and bacteria.
• Ascomycetes such as Ophiostoma spp., Ceratocystis spp., Aureobasidium pullulans, Sclerophoma spp., Chaetomium spp., Humicola spp., Petriella spp., Trichurus spp.; Basidiomycetes such as Coniophora spp., Coriolus spp., Gloeophyllum spp., Lentinus spp., Pleurotus spp., Poria spp., Serpula spp.
• yeast fungi are worthy of note: Candida spp. and Saccharomyces cerevisae.
• the compounds I and compositions thereof, respectively, may be used for improving the health of a plant.
• the invention also relates to a method for improving plant health by treating a plant, its propagation material and/or the locus where the plant is growing or is to grow with an effective amount of compounds I and compositions thereof, respectively.
• plant health is to be understood to denote a condition of the plant and/or its products which is determined by several indicators alone or in combination with each other such as yield (e. g. increased biomass and/or increased content of valuable ingredients), plant vigor (e. g. improved plant growth and/or greener leaves (“greening effect”)), quality (e. g. improved content or composition of certain ingredients) and tolerance to abiotic and/or biotic stress.
• yield e. g. increased biomass and/or increased content of valuable ingredients
• plant vigor e. g. improved plant growth and/or greener leaves (“greening effect”)
• quality e. g. improved content or composition of certain ingredients
• tolerance to abiotic and/or biotic stress e. g. improved content or composition of certain ingredients
• the compounds of formula I can be present in different crystal modifications whose biological activity may differ. They are likewise subject matter of the present invention.
• the compounds I are employed as such or in form of compositions by treating the fungi or the plants, plant propagation materials, such as seeds, soil, surfaces, materials or rooms to be protected from fungal attack with a fungicidally effective amount of the active substances.
• the application can be carried out both before and after the infection of the plants, plant propagation materials, such as seeds, soil, surfaces, materials or rooms by the fungi.
• Plant propagation materials may be treated with compounds I as such or a composition comprising at least one compound I prophylactically either at or before planting or transplanting.
• the invention also relates to agrochemical compositions comprising an auxiliary and at least one compound I according to the invention.
• An agrochemical composition comprises a fungicidally effective amount of a compound I.
• the term “effective amount” denotes an amount of the composition or of the compounds I, which is sufficient for controlling harmful fungi on cultivated plants or in the protection of materials and which does not result in a substantial damage to the treated plants. Such an amount can vary in a broad range and is dependent on various factors, such as the fungal species to be controlled, the treated cultivated plant or material, the climatic conditions and the specific compound I used.
• compositions e.g. solutions, emulsions, suspensions, dusts, powders, pastes, granules, pressings, capsules, and mixtures thereof.
• composition types are suspensions (e.g. SC, OD, FS), emulsifiable concentrates (e.g. EC), emulsions (e.g. EW, EO, ES, ME), capsules (e.g. CS, ZC), pastes, pastilles, wettable powders or dusts (e.g. WP, SP, WS, DP, DS), pressings (e.g.
• compositions types are defined in the “Catalogue of pesticide formulation types and international coding system”, Technical Monograph No. 2, 6th Ed. May 2008, CropLife International.
• compositions are prepared in a known manner, such as described by Mollet and Grubemann, Formulation technology, Wiley VCH, Weinheim, 2001; or Knowles, New developments in crop protection product formulation, Agrow Reports DS243, T&F Informa, London, 2005.
• auxiliaries are solvents, liquid carriers, solid carriers or fillers, surfactants, dispersants, emulsifiers, wetters, adjuvants, solubilizers, penetration enhancers, protective colloids, adhesion agents, thickeners, humectants, repellents, attractants, feeding stimulants, compatibilizers, bactericides, anti-freezing agents, anti-foaming agents, colorants, tackifiers and binders.
• Suitable solvents and liquid carriers are water and organic solvents, such as mineral oil fractions of medium to high boiling point, e.g. kerosene, diesel oil; oils of vegetable or animal origin; aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, e. g. toluene, paraffin, tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylated naphthalenes; alcohols, e.g. ethanol, propanol, butanol, benzylalcohol, cyclohexanol; glycols; dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); ketones, e.g. cyclohexanone; esters, e.g.
• mineral oil fractions of medium to high boiling point e.g. kerosene, diesel oil
• oils of vegetable or animal origin oils of vegetable or animal origin
• aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons e. g. toluene, paraffin, tetrahydronaphthal
• lactates carbonates, fatty acid esters, gamma-butyrolactone; fatty acids; phosphonates; amines; amides, e.g. N-methylpyrrolidone, fatty acid dimethylamides; and mixtures thereof.
• Suitable solid carriers or fillers are mineral earths, e.g. silicates, silica gels, talc, kaolins, limestone, lime, chalk, clays, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide; polysaccharide powders, e.g. cellulose, starch; fertilizers, e.g. ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ureas; products of vegetable origin, e.g. cereal meal, tree bark meal, wood meal, nutshell meal, and mixtures thereof.
• mineral earths e.g. silicates, silica gels, talc, kaolins, limestone, lime, chalk, clays, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide
• polysaccharide powders e.g. cellulose, starch
• Suitable surfactants are surface-active compounds, such as anionic, cationic, nonionic and amphoteric surfactants, block polymers, polyelectrolytes, and mixtures thereof. Such surfactants can be used as emulsifier, dispersant, solubilizer, wetter, penetration enhancer, protective colloid, or adjuvant. Examples of surfactants are listed in McCutcheon's, Vol. 1: Emulsifiers & Detergents, McCutcheon's Directories, Glen Rock, USA, 2008 (International Ed. or North American Ed.).
• Suitable anionic surfactants are alkali, alkaline earth or ammonium salts of sulfonates, sulfates, phosphates, carboxylates, and mixtures thereof.
• sulfonates are alkylarylsulfonates, diphenylsulfonates, alpha-olefin sulfonates, lignine sulfonates, sulfonates of fatty acids and oils, sulfonates of ethoxylated alkylphenols, sulfonates of alkoxylated arylphenols, sulfonates of condensed naphthalenes, sulfonates of dodecyl- and tridecylbenzenes, sulfonates of naphthalenes and alkylnaphthalenes, sulfosuccinates or sulfosuccinamates.
• Examples of sulfates are sulfates of fatty acids and oils, of ethoxylated alkylphenols, of alcohols, of ethoxylated alcohols, or of fatty acid esters.
• Examples of phosphates are phosphate esters.
• Examples of carboxylates are alkyl carboxylates, and carboxylated alcohol or alkylphenol ethoxylates.
• Suitable nonionic surfactants are alkoxylates, N-substituted fatty acid amides, amine oxides, esters, sugar-based surfactants, polymeric surfactants, and mixtures thereof.
• alkoxylates are compounds such as alcohols, alkylphenols, amines, amides, arylphenols, fatty acids or fatty acid esters which have been alkoxylated with 1 to 50 equivalents.
• Ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide may be employed for the alkoxylation, preferably ethylene oxide.
• N-substituted fatty acid amides are fatty acid glucamides or fatty acid alkanolamides.
• esters are fatty acid esters, glycerol esters or monoglycerides.
• sugar-based surfactants are sorbitans, ethoxylated sorbitans, sucrose and glucose esters or alkylpolyglucosides.
• polymeric surfactants are home- or copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone, vinylalcohols, or vinylacetate.
• Suitable cationic surfactants are quaternary surfactants, for example quaternary ammonium compounds with one or two hydrophobic groups, or salts of long-chain primary amines.
• Suitable amphoteric surfactants are alkylbetains and imidazolines.
• Suitable block polymers are block polymers of the A-B or A-B-A type comprising blocks of polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide, or of the A-B-C type comprising alkanol, polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide.
• Suitable polyelectrolytes are polyacids or polybases. Examples of polyacids are alkali salts of polyacrylic acid or polyacid comb polymers. Examples of polybases are polyvinylamines or polyethyleneamines.
• Suitable adjuvants are compounds, which have a neglectable or even no pesticidal activity themselves, and which improve the biological performance of the compound I on the target.
• examples are surfactants, mineral or vegetable oils, and other auxiliaries. Further examples are listed by Knowles, Adjuvants and additives, Agrow Reports DS256, T&F Informa UK, 2006, chapter 5.
• Suitable thickeners are polysaccharides (e.g. xanthan gum, carboxymethylcellulose), anorganic clays (organically modified or unmodified), polycarboxylates, and silicates.
• Suitable bactericides are bronopol and isothiazolinone derivatives such as alkylisothiazolinones and benzisothiazolinones.
• Suitable anti-freezing agents are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, urea and glycerin.
• Suitable anti-foaming agents are silicones, long chain alcohols, and salts of fatty acids.
• Suitable colorants are pigments of low water solubility and water-soluble dyes.
• examples are inorganic colorants (e.g. iron oxide, titan oxide, iron hexacyanoferrate) and organic colorants (e.g. alizarin-, azo- and phthalocyanine colorants).
• Suitable tackifiers or binders are polyvinylpyrrolidons, polyvinylacetates, polyvinyl alcohols, polyacrylates, biological or synthetic waxes, and cellulose ethers.
• composition types and their preparation are:
• a compound I and 5-15 wt % wetting agent e.g. alcohol alkoxylates
• a water-soluble solvent e.g. alcohols
• a compound I and 1-10 wt % dispersant e. g. polyvinylpyrrolidone
• a compound I and 1-10 wt % dispersant e. g. polyvinylpyrrolidone
• organic solvent e.g. cyclohexanone
• emulsifiers e.g. calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate
• 20-40 wt % water-insoluble organic solvent e.g. aromatic hydrocarbon
• a compound I In an agitated ball mill, 20-60 wt % of a compound I are comminuted with addition of 2-10 wt % dispersants and wetting agents (e.g. sodium lignosulfonate and alcohol ethoxylate), 0.1-2 wt % thickener (e.g. xanthan gum) and up to 100 wt % water to give a fine active substance suspension. Dilution with water gives a stable suspension of the active substance. For FS type composition up to 40 wt % binder (e.g. polyvinylalcohol) is added.
• dispersants and wetting agents e.g. sodium lignosulfonate and alcohol ethoxylate
• 0.1-2 wt % thickener e.g. xanthan gum
• wt % of a compound I are ground finely with addition of up to 100 wt % dispersants and wetting agents (e.g. sodium lignosulfonate and alcohol ethoxylate) and prepared as water-dispersible or water-soluble granules by means of technical appliances (e. g. extrusion, spray tower, fluidized bed). Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion or solution of the active substance.
• dispersants and wetting agents e.g. sodium lignosulfonate and alcohol ethoxylate
• wt % of a compound I are ground in a rotor-stator mill with addition of 1-5 wt % dispersants (e.g. sodium lignosulfonate), 1-3 wt % wetting agents (e.g. alcohol ethoxylate) and up to 100 wt % solid carrier, e.g. silica gel. Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion or solution of the active substance.
• dispersants e.g. sodium lignosulfonate
• wetting agents e.g. alcohol ethoxylate
• solid carrier e.g. silica gel
• a compound I In an agitated ball mill, 5-25 wt % of a compound I are comminuted with addition of 3-10 wt % dispersants (e.g. sodium lignosulfonate), 1-5 wt % thickener (e.g. carboxymethylcellulose) and up to 100 wt % water to give a fine suspension of the active substance. Dilution with water gives a stable suspension of the active substance.
• dispersants e.g. sodium lignosulfonate
• 1-5 wt % thickener e.g. carboxymethylcellulose
• wt % of a compound I are added to 5-30 wt % organic solvent blend (e.g. fatty acid dimethylamide and cyclohexanone), 10-25 wt % surfactant blend (e.g. alcohol ethoxylate and arylphenol ethoxylate), and water up to 100%. This mixture is stirred for 1 h to produce spontaneously a thermodynamically stable microemulsion.
• organic solvent blend e.g. fatty acid dimethylamide and cyclohexanone
• surfactant blend e.g. alcohol ethoxylate and arylphenol ethoxylate
• An oil phase comprising 5-50 wt % of a compound I, 0-40 wt % water insoluble organic solvent (e.g. aromatic hydrocarbon), 2-15 wt % acrylic monomers (e.g. methylmethacrylate, methacrylic acid and a di- or triacrylate) are dispersed into an aqueous solution of a protective colloid (e.g. polyvinyl alcohol). Radical polymerization initiated by a radical initiator results in the formation of poly(meth)acrylate microcapsules.
• an oil phase comprising 5-50 wt % of a compound I according to the invention, 0-40 wt % water insoluble organic solvent (e.g.
• an isocyanate monomer e.g. diphenylmethene-4,4′-diisocyanatae
• a protective colloid e.g. polyvinyl alcohol
• the addition of a polyamine results in the formation of polyurea microcapsules.
• the monomers amount to 1-10 wt %.
• the wt % relate to the total CS composition.
• 1-10 wt % of a compound I are ground finely and mixed intimately with up to 100 wt % solid carrier, e.g. finely divided kaolin.
• a compound I is ground finely and associated with up to 100 wt % solid carrier (e.g. silicate). Granulation is achieved by extrusion, spray-drying or the fluidized bed.
• solid carrier e.g. silicate
• a compound I 1-50 wt % of a compound I are dissolved in up to 100 wt % organic solvent, e.g. aromatic hydrocarbon.
• organic solvent e.g. aromatic hydrocarbon.
• compositions types i) to xi) may optionally comprise further auxiliaries, such as 0.1-1 wt % bactericides, 5-15 wt % anti-freezing agents, 0.1-1 wt % anti-foaming agents, and 0.1-1 wt % colorants.
• auxiliaries such as 0.1-1 wt % bactericides, 5-15 wt % anti-freezing agents, 0.1-1 wt % anti-foaming agents, and 0.1-1 wt % colorants.
• the agrochemical compositions generally comprise between 0.01 and 95%, preferably between 0.1 and 90%, and most preferably between 0.5 and 75%, by weight of active substance.
• the active substances are employed in a purity of from 90% to 100%, preferably from 95% to 100% (according to NMR spectrum).
• Water-soluble concentrates (LS), Suspoemulsions (SE), flowable concentrates (FS), powders for dry treatment (DS), water-dispersible powders for slurry treatment (WS), water-soluble powders (SS), emulsions (ES), emulsifiable concentrates (EC) and gels (GF) are usually employed for the purposes of treatment of plant propagation materials, particularly seeds.
• the compositions in question give, after two-to-tenfold dilution, active substance concentrations of from 0.01 to 60% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 40%, in the ready-to-use preparations. Application can be carried out before or during sowing.
• Methods for applying or treating compound I and compositions thereof, respectively, on to plant propagation material, especially seeds include dressing, coating, pelleting, dusting, soaking and in-furrow application methods of the propagation material.
• compound I or the compositions thereof, respectively are applied on to the plant propagation material by a method such that germination is not induced, e. g. by seed dressing, pelleting, coating and dusting.
• the amounts of active substances applied are, depending on the kind of effect desired, from 0.001 to 2 kg per ha, preferably from 0.005 to 2 kg per ha, more preferably from 0.05 to 0.9 kg per ha, in particular from 0.1 to 0.75 kg per ha.
• amounts of active substance of from 0.1 to 1000 g, preferably from 1 to 1000 g, more preferably from 1 to 100 g and most preferably from 5 to 100 g, per 100 kilogram of plant propagation material (preferably seed) are generally required.
• the amount of active substance applied depends on the kind of application area and on the desired effect. Amounts customarily applied in the protection of materials are 0.001 g to 2 kg, preferably 0.005 g to 1 kg, of active substance per cubic meter of treated material.
• oils, wetters, adjuvants, fertilizer, or micronutrients, and other pesticides may be added to the active substances or the compositions comprising them as premix or, if appropriate not until immediately prior to use (tank mix).
• pesticides e.g. herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, growth regulators, safeners
• These agents can be admixed with the compositions according to the invention in a weight ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, preferably 1:10 to 10:1.
• the user applies the composition according to the invention usually from a predosage device, a knapsack sprayer, a spray tank, a spray plane, or an irrigation system.
• the agrochemical composition is made up with water, buffer, and/or further auxiliaries to the desired application concentration and the ready-to-use spray liquor or the agrochemical composition according to the invention is thus obtained.
• 20 to 2000 liters, preferably 50 to 400 liters, of the ready-to-use spray liquor are applied per hectare of agricultural useful area.
• composition according to the invention such as parts of a kit or parts of a binary or ternary mixture may be mixed by the user himself in a spray tank and further auxiliaries may be added, if appropriate.
• the present invention furthermore relates to agrochemical compositions comprising a mixture of at least one compound I (component 1) and at least one further active substance useful for plant protection, e. g. selected from the groups A) to O) (component 2), in particular one further fungicide, e. g. one or more fungicide from the groups A) to L), as described above, and if desired one suitable solvent or solid carrier.
• agrochemical compositions comprising a mixture of at least one compound I (component 1) and at least one further active substance useful for plant protection, e. g. selected from the groups A) to O) (component 2), in particular one further fungicide, e. g. one or more fungicide from the groups A) to L), as described above, and if desired one suitable solvent or solid carrier.
• Those mixtures are of particular interest, since many of them at the same application rate show higher efficiencies against harmful fungi.
• the order of application is not essential for working of the present invention.
• the weight ratio of component 1 and component 2 generally depends from the properties of the active substances used, usually it is in the range of from 1:100 to 100:1, regularly in the range of from 1:50 to 50:1, preferably in the range of from 1:20 to 20:1, more preferably in the range of from 1:10 to 10:1 and in particular in the range of from 1:3 to 3:1.
• the weight ratio of component 1 and component 2 depends from the properties of the active substances used, preferably it is in the range of from 1:50 to 50:1 and particularly in the range of from 1:10 to 10:1, and the weight ratio of component 1 and component 3 preferably is in the range of from 1:50 to 50:1 and particularly in the range of from 1:10 to 10:1.
• mixtures comprising a compound I (component 1) and at least one active substance selected from group A) (component 2) and particularly selected from azoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin; famoxadone, fenamidone; bixafen, boscalid, fluopyram, fluxapyroxad, isopyrazam, penflufen, penthiopyrad, sedaxane; ametoctradin, cyazofamid, fluazinam, fentin salts, such as fentin acetate.
• azoxystrobin dimoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin
• famoxadone fen
• mixtures comprising a compound of formula I (component 1) and at least one active substance selected from group B) (component 2) and particularly selected from cyproconazole, difenoconazole, epoxiconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triticonazole, prochloraz, fenarimol, triforine; dodemorph, fenpropimorph, tridemorph, fenpropidin, spiroxamine; fenhexamid.
• mixtures comprising a compound of formula I (component 1) and at least one active substance selected from group C) (component 2) and particularly selected from metalaxyl, (metalaxyl-M) mefenoxam, ofurace.
• mixtures comprising a compound of formula I (component 1) and at least one active substance selected from group D) (component 2) and particularly selected from benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, ethaboxam, fluopicolide, zoxamide, metrafenone, pyriofenone.
• mixtures comprising a compound I (component 1) and at least one active substance selected from group E) (component 2) and particularly selected from cyprodinil, mepanipyrim, pyrimethanil.
• mixtures comprising a compound I (component 1) and at least one active substance selected from group F) (component 2) and particularly selected from iprodione, fludioxonil, vinclozolin, quinoxyfen.
• mixtures comprising a compound I (component 1) and at least one active substance selected from group G) (component 2) and particularly selected from dimethomorph, flumorph, iprovalicarb, benthiavalicarb, mandipropamid, propamocarb.
• mixtures comprising a compound I (component 1) and at least one active substance selected from group H) (component 2) and particularly selected from copper acetate, copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, copper sulfate, sulfur, mancozeb, metiram, propineb, thiram, captafol, folpet, chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid, dithianon.
• mixtures comprising a compound I (component 1) and at least one active substance selected from group I) (component 2) and particularly selected from carpropamid and fenoxanil.
• mixtures comprising a compound I (component 1) and at least one active substance selected from group J) (component 2) and particularly selected from acibenzolar-S-methyl, probenazole, tiadinil, fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminium, H 3 PO 3 and salts thereof.
• mixtures comprising a compound I (component 1) and at least one active substance selected from group K) (component 2) and particularly selected from cymoxanil, proquinazid and N-methyl-2- ⁇ 1-[(5-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-acetyl]-piperidin-4-yl ⁇ -N-[(1R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-4-thiazolecarboxamide.
• mixtures comprising a compound I (component 1) and at least one active substance selected from group L) (component 2) and particularly selected from Bacillus subtilis strain NRRL No. B-21661, Bacillus pumilus strain NRRL No. B-30087 and Ulocladium oudemansii.
• the present invention furthermore relates to compositions comprising one compound I (component 1) and one further active substance (component 2), which further active substance is selected from the column “Component 2” of the lines B-1 to B-360 of Table B.
• a further embodiment relates to the compositions B-1 to B-372 listed in Table B, where a row of Table B corresponds in each case to a fungicidal composition comprising one of the in the present specification individualized compounds of formula I (component 1) and the respective further active substance from groups A) to O) (component 2) stated in the row in question.
• the compositions described comprise the active substances in synergistically effective amounts.
• B-21661 B-259 one individualized compound I Bacillus pumilus NRRL No. B-30087 B-260 one individualized compound I Ulocladium oudemansii B-261 one individualized compound I Carbaryl B-262 one individualized compound I Carbofuran B-263 one individualized compound I Carbosulfan B-264 one individualized compound I Methomylthiodicarb B-265 one individualized compound I Bifenthrin B-266 one individualized compound I Cyfluthrin B-267 one individualized compound I Cypermethrin B-268 one individualized compound I alpha-Cypermethrin B-269 one individualized compound I zeta-Cypermethrin B-270 one individualized compound I Deltamethrin B-271 one individualized compound I Esfenvalerate B-272 one individualized compound I Lambda-cyhalothrin B-273 one individualized compound I Permethrin B-274 one individualized compound I Tefluthrin B
• component 2 The active substances referred to as component 2, their preparation and their activity against harmful fungi is known (cf.: http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides/); these substances are commercially available.
• the compounds described by IUPAC nomenclature, their preparation and their fungicidal activity are also known (cf. Can. J. Plant Sci.
• the mixtures of active substances can be prepared as compositions comprising besides the active ingredients at least one inert ingredient by usual means, e. g. by the means given for the compositions of compounds I.
• the mixtures of active substances according to the present invention are suitable as fungicides, as are the compounds of formula I. They are distinguished by an outstanding effectiveness against a broad spectrum of phytopathogenic fungi, especially from the classes of the Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Deuteromycetes and Peronosporomycetes (syn. Oomycetes). In addition, it is referred to the explanations regarding the fungicidal activity of the compounds and the compositions containing compounds I, respectively.
• Step 1 4-Fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-acetophenone (35 g, 170 mmol), 4-chlorophenol (21.8 g, 170 mmol), potassium carbonate (28.1 g, 203 mmol) and DMF (284 g, 300 ml) were stirred together at about 115° C. for about five hours. After cooling, the mixture was added to a brine solution and extracted three times with MTBE. The organic phases were combined, washed twice with 10% aqueous LiCl solution and dried.
• Step 2 DMSO (154 g, 140 ml, 1.97 mol) was added to a mixture of sodium hydride (0.831 g, 33 mmol) in THF (53 g, 6 0 ml) and cooled to about 5° C. Trimethylsulf(ox)onium iodide (6.42 g, 31.5 mmol) in DMSO (80 ml) was then added dropwise and the mixture was stirred at about 5° C. for a further hour.
• Step 3 A mixture of 2-[4-(4-chloro-phenoxy)-2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl]-2-methyl-oxirane (1.92 g, 4.96 mmol), 1,2,4-triazole (1.715 g, 24.8 mmol), NaOH (0.496 g, 12.41 mmol) and N-methyl pyrrolidone (48 ml) was stirred at about 110° C. for about one hour, followed by further four hours at about 130° C. After cooling to room temperature, saturated ammonium chloride solution was added and the organic phases extracted three times with MTBE. The organic phases were combined, washed twice with 10% LiCl solution and dried.
• DMSO 140 mL was added to a mixture of sodium hydride (0.831 g, 33 mmol) in THF (53 g, 60 mL) and cooled to about 5° C. Trimethylsulfonium iodide (6.42 g, 31.5 mmol) in DMSO (80 ml) was then added dropwise and the mixture was stirred at about 5° C. for a further hour.
• Step 1 Bromine (29.6 g, 185 mmol) was added dropwise over three minutes to a solution of the 1-[4-(4-chloro-phenoxy)-2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl]-ethanone intermediate of step 1 of example 1, (61.4 g, 185 mmol), in diethyl ether (700 ml). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for about 90 min, after which a mixture of ice-cold water (11) and saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (300 ml) was added slowly under stirring until pH 7 to 8 was reached. The organic phases were extracted twice with MTBE and washed with LiCl solution.
• Step 2 1,2,4-Triazole (3.76 g, 53 mmol) was added slowly and portionwise to a mixture of sodium hydride (1.28 g, 53 mmol) in THF (150 ml), and the mixture stirred at room temperature for about 30 min. To this mixture the intermediate 2-bromo-1-[4-(4-chloro-phenoxy)-2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl]-ethanone (20.0 g, 40.7 mmol) in THF (100 ml) was added dropwise and stirred at room temperature for about 150 min. The reaction mixture was cooled to about 10° C.
• Step 3 Magnesium bromide diethyl etherate (2.65 g, 10.3 mmol) was added to a solution of 1-[4-(4-chloro-phenoxy)-2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl]-2-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl-ethanone (2.0 g, 5.1 mmol) in dichloromethane (DCM, 20 ml) and the mixture stirred at room temperature for 90 min. This mixture was then cooled to about ⁇ 10° C. and ethylmagnesium bromide (10.3 ml of a 1M solution in THF, 10.3 mmol) was added dropwise.
• DCM dichloromethane
• 1,2,4-Triazole (3.76 g, 53 mmol) was added slowly and portionwise to a mixture of sodium hydride (1.28 g, 53 mmol) in THF (150 ml), and the mixture stirred at room temperature for about 30 min.
• 2-bromo-1-[4-(4-chloro-phenoxy)-2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl]-ethanone (20.0 g, 40.7 mmol) in THF (100 ml) was added dropwise and stirred at room temperature for about 150 min.
• the reaction mixture was cooled to about 10° C. and added slowly to a mixture of ice-cold water and saturated ammonium chloride solution, and the organic components extracted three times with ethyl acetate.
• DMSO 120 ml was added to a mixture of sodium hydride (4.43 g, 175.24 mmol) in THF (130 ml) and cooled to about 5° C. Trimethylsulfonium iodide (34.97 g, 167.9 mmol) in DMSO (12 ml) was then added dropwise and the mixture was stirred at about 5° C. for a further hour.
• HPLC column RP-18 column (Chromolith Speed ROD from Merck KgaA, Germany), 50 mm ⁇ 4.6 mm with Eluent: acetonitrile + 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)/water + 0.1% TFA (gradient from 5:95 to 95:5 in 5 min at 40° C., flow of 1.8 ml/min)
• TFA trifluoroacetic acid
• the active substances were formulated separately or together as a stock solution comprising 25 mg of active substance which was made up to 10 ml using a mixture of acetone and/or DMSO and the emulsifier Wettol EM 31 (wetting agent having emulsifying and dispersing action based on ethoxylated alkylphenols) in a volume ratio of solvent/emulsifier of 99 to 1. This solution was then made up to 100 ml using water. This stock solution was diluted with the solvent/emulsifier/water mixture described to the active substance concentration given below.
• Young seedlings of tomato plants were grown in pots. These plants were sprayed to run-off with an aqueous suspension containing the concentration of active ingredient mentioned in the table below. The next day, the treated plants were inoculated with an aqueous suspension of Alternaria solani . Then, the trial plants were immediately transferred to a humid chamber. After 5 days at 20 to 22° C. and a relative humidity close to 100%, the extent of fungal attack on the leaves was visually assessed as % diseased leaf area.
• Young seedlings of green pepper were grown in pots to the 2 to 3 leaf stage. These plants were sprayed to run-off with an aqueous suspension containing the concentration of active ingredient or their mixture mentioned in the table below. The next day the treated plants were inoculated with a spore suspension of Botrytis cinerea in a 2% aqueous biomalt solution. Then, the trial plants were immediately transferred to a dark, humid chamber. After 5 days at 22 to 24° C. and a relative humidity close to 100% the extent of fungal attack on the leaves was visually assessed as % diseased leaf area. In this test, the plants which had been treated with 150 ppm of the active substance from examples I-2, I-3 and 14, respectively, showed an infection of less than or equal to 15% whereas the untreated plants were 90% infected.
• the first two developed leaves of pot-grown wheat seedling were sprayed to run-off with an aqueous suspension containing the concentration of active ingredient as described below.
• the trial plants were cultivated for 6 days in a greenhouse chamber at 22-26° C. and a relative humidity between 65 and 70%.
• the extent of fungal attack on the leaves was visually assessed as % diseased leaf area. In this test, the plants which had been treated with 150 ppm of the active substance from examples I-2, I-3 and I-4, respectively, showed an infection of less than or equal to 15% whereas the untreated plants were 90% infected.
• Leaves of pot-grown soy bean seedlings were sprayed to run-off with an aqueous suspension containing the concentration of active ingredient as described below.
• the plants were allowed to air-dry.
• the next day the plants were inoculated with spores of Phakopsora pachyrhizii .
• the plants were transferred to a humid chamber with a relative humidity of about 95% and 23 to 27° C. for 24 h. Thereafter the trial plants were cultivated for 14 days in a greenhouse chamber at 23-27° C. and a relative humidity between 60 and 80%.
• the extent of fungal attack on the leaves was visually assessed as % diseased leaf area.
• the first two developed leaves of pot-grown wheat seedling were sprayed to run-off with an aqueous suspension containing the concentration of active ingredient as described below.
• the plants were transferred for 4 days to a humid chamber with a relative humidity of 95 to 99% and 20 to 24° C. Thereafter the plants were cultivated for 4 weeks at a relative humidity of 70%. The extent of fungal attack on the leaves was visually assessed as % diseased leaf area.
• the active compounds were formulated separately as a stock solution having a concentration of 10000 ppm in dimethyl sulfoxide.
• the stock solutions were mixed according to the ratio, pipetted onto a micro titer plate (MTP) and diluted with water to the stated concentrations.
• MTP micro titer plate
• a spore suspension of Pyricularia oryzae in an aqueous biomalt or yeast-bactopeptone-glycerine solution was then added.
• the plates were placed in a water vapor-saturated chamber at a temperature of 18° C.
• the MTPs were measured at 405 nm 7 days after the inoculation.
• the measured parameters were compared to the growth of the active compound-free control variant (100%) and the fungus-free and active compound-free blank value to determine the relative growth in % of the pathogens in the respective active compounds.
• Compounds I-3, I-4 and I-10 showed a growth of 4% or less at 2 ppm.
• the spray solutions were prepared in several steps:
• the stock solution were prepared: a mixture of acetone and/or dimethylsulfoxide and the wetting agent/emulsifier Wettol, which is based on ethoxylated alkylphenoles, in a relation (volume) solvent-emulsifier of 99 to 1 was added to 25 mg of the compound to give a total of 5 ml. Water was then added to total volume of 100 ml. This stock solution was diluted with the described solvent-emulsifier-water mixture to the given concentration.
• Wettol which is based on ethoxylated alkylphenoles
• Leaves of pot-grown wheat seedling were sprayed to run-off with an aqueous suspension of the active compound or their mixture, prepared as described. The plants were allowed to air-dry. Seven days later the plants were inoculated with an aqueous spore suspension of Septoria tritici . Then the trial plants were immediately transferred to a humid chamber at 18-22° C. and a relative humidity close to 100%. After 4 days the plants were transferred to a chamber with 18-22° C. and a relative humidity close to 70%. After 4 weeks the extent of fungal attack on the leaves was visually assessed as % diseased leaf area.
• Leaves of pot-grown wheat seedling were sprayed to run-off with an aqueous suspension of the active compound or their mixture, prepared as described. The plants were allowed to air-dry. The next day the plants were inoculated with an aqueous spore suspension of Septoria tritici . Then the trial plants were immediately transferred to a humid chamber at 18-22° C. and a relative humidity close to 100%. After 4 days the plants were transferred to a chamber with 18-22° C. and a relative humidity close to 70%. After 4 weeks the extent of fungal attack on the leaves was visually assessed as % diseased leaf area.
• the active compounds were formulated separately as a stock solution having a concentration of 10000 ppm in dimethyl sulfoxide.
• the stock solutions were mixed according to the ratio, pipetted onto a micro titer plate (MTP) and diluted with water to the stated concentrations.
• MTP micro titer plate
• a spore suspension of Pyricularia oryzae in an aqueous biomalt or yeast-bactopeptone-glycerine solution was then added.
• the plates were placed in a water vapor-saturated chamber at a temperature of 18° C.
• the MTPs were measured at 405 nm 7 days after the inoculation.
• the measured parameters were compared to the growth of the active compound-free control variant (100%) and the fungus-free and active compound-free blank value to determine the relative growth in % of the pathogens in the respective active compounds.
• the spray solutions were prepared in several steps:
• the stock solution were prepared: a mixture of acetone and/or dimethylsulfoxide and the wetting agent/emulsifier Wettol, which is based on ethoxylated alkylphenoles, in a relation (volume) solvent-emulsifier of 99 to 1 was added to 25 mg of the compound to give a total of 5 ml. Water was then added to total volume of 100 ml. This stock solution was diluted with the described solvent-emulsifier-water mixture to the given concentration.
• Wettol which is based on ethoxylated alkylphenoles
• Leaves of pot-grown wheat seedling were sprayed to run-off with an aqueous suspension of the active compound or their mixture, prepared as described. The plants were allowed to air-dry. Seven days later the plants were inoculated with an aqueous spore suspension of Septoria tritici . Then the trial plants were immediately transferred to a humid chamber at 18-22° C. and a relative humidity close to 100%. After 4 days the plants were transferred to a chamber with 18-22° C. and a relative humidity close to 70%. After 4 weeks the extent of fungal attack on the leaves was visually assessed as % diseased leaf area.
• the spray solutions were prepared in several steps:
• the stock solution were prepared: a mixture of acetone and/or dimethylsulfoxide and the wetting agent/emulsifier Wettol, which is based on ethoxylated alkylphenoles, in a relation (volume) solvent-emulsifier of 99 to 1 was added to 25 mg of the compound to give a total of 5 ml. Water was then added to total volume of 100 ml. This stock solution was diluted with the described solvent-emulsifier-water mixture to the given concentration.
• Wettol which is based on ethoxylated alkylphenoles
• Leaves of pot-grown wheat seedling were sprayed to run-off with an aqueous suspension of the active compound or their mixture, prepared as described. The plants were allowed to air-dry. The next day the plants were inoculated with an aqueous spore suspension of Septoria tritici . Then the trial plants were immediately transferred to a humid chamber at 18-22° C. and a relative humidity close to 100%. After 4 days the plants were transferred to a chamber with 18-22° C. and a relative humidity close to 70%. After 4 weeks the extent of fungal attack on the leaves was visually assessed as % diseased leaf area.
• the active compounds were formulated separately as a stock solution having a concentration of 10000 ppm in dimethyl sulfoxide.
• the stock solutions were mixed according to the ratio, pipetted onto a micro titer plate (MTP) and diluted with water to the stated concentrations.
• MTP micro titer plate
• a spore suspension of the described fungus in an aqueous biomalt or yeast-bactopeptone-sodium acetate solution was then added.
• the plates were placed in a water vapor-saturated chamber at a temperature of 18° C. Using an absorption photometer, the MTPs were measured at 405 nm 7 days after the inoculation.
• Compounds I-13 and I-16 showed a growth of 1% or less at 32 ppm. M5. Activity against wheat leaf spots caused by Leptosphaeria nodorum (Leptno). Compounds I-13 and I-16 showed a growth of 1% or less at 32 ppm. M6. Activity against net blotch Pyrenophora teres on barley in the microtiter test (Pyrnte). Compound I-13 showed a growth of 1% at 32 ppm.
• the measured parameters were compared to the growth of the active compound-free control variant (100%) and the fungus-free and active compound-free blank value to determine the relative growth in % of the pathogens in the respective active compounds.
• the spray solutions were prepared in several steps:
• the stock solution were prepared: a mixture of acetone and/or dimethylsulfoxide and the wetting agent/emulsifier Wettol, which is based on ethoxylated alkylphenoles, in a relation (volume) solvent-emulsifier of 99 to 1 was added to 25 mg of the compound to give a total of 5 ml. Water was then added to total volume of 100 ml. This stock solution was diluted with the described solvent-emulsifier-water mixture to the given concentration.
• Wettol which is based on ethoxylated alkylphenoles
• Leaves of pot-grown wheat seedling were sprayed to run-off with an aqueous suspension of the active compound or their mixture, prepared as described. The plants were allowed to air-dry. Seven days later the plants were inoculated with an aqueous spore suspension of Septoria tritici . Then the trial plants were immediately transferred to a humid chamber at 18-22° C. and a relative humidity close to 100%. After 4 days the plants were transferred to a chamber with 18-22° C. and a relative humidity close to 70%. After 4 weeks the extent of fungal attack on the leaves was visually assessed as % diseased leaf area.
• Leaves of pot-grown wheat seedling were inoculated with an aqueous spore suspension of Septoria tritici . Then the trial plants were immediately transferred to a humid chamber at 18-22° C. and a relative humidity close to 100%. After 4 days the plants were transferred to a chamber with 18-22° C. and a relative humidity close to 70%. Seven days after inoculation the plants were sprayed to run-off with an aqueous suspension of the active compound or their mixture, prepared as described. Then the plants were transferred back to the chamber with 18-22° C. and a relative humidity close to 70%. After 4 weeks the extent of fungal attack on the leaves was visually assessed as % diseased leaf area.
• Grape cuttings were grown in pots to the 4 to 5 leaf stage. These plants were sprayed to run-off with an aqueous suspension, containing the concentration of active ingredient or their mixture mentioned in the table below. Three days later the treated plants were inoculated with spores of Uncinula necator by shaking heavily infestated stock plants over the treated pots. After cultivation in the greenhouse for 10 days at 21-23° C. and a relative humidity between 40 to 70% the extent of fungal attack on the leaves was visually assessed as % diseased leaf area.
• the spray solutions were prepared in several steps:
• the stock solution were prepared: a mixture of acetone and/or dimethylsulfoxide and the wetting agent/emulsifier Wettol, which is based on ethoxylated alkylphenoles, in a relation (volume) solvent-emulsifier of 99 to 1 was added to 25 mg of the compound to give a total of 5 ml. Water was then added to total volume of 100 ml. This stock solution was diluted with the described solvent-emulsifier-water mixture to the given concentration.
• Wettol which is based on ethoxylated alkylphenoles
• Leaves of pot-grown soy bean seedlings were sprayed to run-off with an aqueous suspension, containing the concentration of active ingredient or their mixture as described below.
• the plants were allowed to air-dry.
• the trial plants were cultivated for 1 day in a greenhouse chamber at 23-27° C. and a relative humidity between 60 and 80%.Then the plants were inoculated with spores of Phakopsora pachyrhizi . To ensure the success the artificial inoculation, the plants were transferred to a humid chamber with a relative humidity of about 95% and 20 to 24 C for 24 h.
• the trial plants were cultivated for fourteen days in a greenhouse chamber at 23-27° C. and a relative humidity between 60 and 80%.
• the first two developed leaves of pot-grown wheat seedling were sprayed to run-off with an aqueous suspension, containing the concentration of active ingredient or their mixture as described below.
• the next day the plants were inoculated with spores of Puccinia recondita . To ensure the success the artificial inoculation, the plants were transferred to a humid chamber without light and a relative humidity of 95 to 99% and 20 to 24° C. for 24 h. Then the trial plants were cultivated for 6 days in a greenhouse chamber at 20-24° C. and a relative humidity between 65 and 70%. The extent of fungal attack on the leaves was visually assessed as % diseased leaf area.
• Leaves of pot-grown wheat seedling were sprayed to run-off with an aqueous suspension of the active compound or their mixture, prepared as described. The plants were allowed to air-dry. At the following day the plants were inoculated with an aqueous spore suspension of Septoria tritici . Then the trial plants were immediately transferred to a humid chamber at 18-22° C. and a relative humidity close to 100%. After 4 days the plants were transferred to a chamber with 18-22° C. and a relative humidity close to 70%. After 4 weeks the extent of fungal attack on the leaves was visually assessed as % diseased leaf area.
• Young seedlings of green pepper were grown in pots to the 4 to 5 leaf stage. These plants were sprayed to run-off with an aqueous suspension, containing the concentration of active ingredient or their mixture mentioned in the table below. The next day the plants were inoculated with a aqueous biomalt solution containing the spore suspension of Botrytis cinerea . Then the plants were immediately transferred to a humid chamber. After 5 days at 22 to 24° C. and a relative humidity close to 100% the extent of fungal attack on the leaves was visually assessed as % diseased leaf area. In this test, the plants which had been treated with 300 ppm of the active substance from examples I-9, I-11 and I-18, respectively, showed an infection of less than or equal to 10% whereas the untreated plants were 90% infected.

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