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US20120097151A1 - Steam supply apparatus - Google Patents

Steam supply apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US20120097151A1
US20120097151A1 US13/380,315 US201013380315A US2012097151A1 US 20120097151 A1 US20120097151 A1 US 20120097151A1 US 201013380315 A US201013380315 A US 201013380315A US 2012097151 A1 US2012097151 A1 US 2012097151A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
steam
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pressure
item
collector
Prior art date
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Abandoned
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US13/380,315
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English (en)
Inventor
Shinsuke Matsuno
Kazuo Miyoshi
Hiroyuki Otsuka
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IHI Corp
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IHI Corp
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Assigned to IHI CORPORATION reassignment IHI CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MATSUNO, SHINSUKE, MIYOSHI, KAZUO, OTSUKA, HIROYUKI
Publication of US20120097151A1 publication Critical patent/US20120097151A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T19/00—Manipulating 3D models or images for computer graphics
    • G06T19/006—Mixed reality
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/006—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method using solar heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B3/00—Other methods of steam generation; Steam boilers not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F22B3/04—Other methods of steam generation; Steam boilers not provided for in other groups of this subclass by drop in pressure of high-pressure hot water within pressure-reducing chambers, e.g. in accumulators
    • F22B3/045—Other methods of steam generation; Steam boilers not provided for in other groups of this subclass by drop in pressure of high-pressure hot water within pressure-reducing chambers, e.g. in accumulators the drop in pressure being achieved by compressors, e.g. with steam jet pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B33/00—Steam-generation plants, e.g. comprising steam boilers of different types in mutual association
    • F22B33/14—Combinations of low- and high-pressure boilers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S90/00—Solar heat systems not otherwise provided for
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/50—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of still image data
    • G06F16/58—Retrieval characterised by using metadata, e.g. metadata not derived from the content or metadata generated manually
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/011—Arrangements for interaction with the human body, e.g. for user immersion in virtual reality
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/0304—Detection arrangements using opto-electronic means
    • G06F3/0325—Detection arrangements using opto-electronic means using a plurality of light emitters or reflectors or a plurality of detectors forming a reference frame from which to derive the orientation of the object, e.g. by triangulation or on the basis of reference deformation in the picked up image
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers

Definitions

  • FIG. 6 shows an example of the steam supply methods used in the related art.
  • a necessary decompression valve 2 is connected to the downstream side of a steam outlet 1 a in a boiler 1 .
  • the low-pressure steam 10 is generated at the steam-generating portion 7 by recovering the exhaust heat of the internal combustion engine 6 when the generator 5 is driven and power is generated.
  • the low-pressure steam 10 is sucked into the ejector 11 and mixed with the high-pressure steam 9 from the steam-generating boiler 8 .
  • Process steam 12 is generated from the mixture of the low-pressure steam 10 and the high-pressure steam 9 .
  • Patent Document 2 As a method of generating low-pressure steam by using the exhaust heat of an engine, other than the above-described method, an evaporative cooling engine for cogeneration is suggested in Patent Document 2.
  • high-pressure steam is generated by heat exchange between the exhaust gas of a gas engine and water.
  • a steam ejector is disposed in a high-pressure steam line in which the high-pressure steam is transported.
  • the steam ejector is connected to a jacket portion which is installed in the outer peripheral portion of the engine.
  • a water supply pipe is connected to the jacket portion and engine cooling water is supplied. The temperature of the engine cooling water supplied to the jacket portion is increased by cooling the engine.
  • the steam ejector assumes a negative pressure
  • the inner portion of the jacket portion which is connected to the steam ejector assumes a decompression state which is equal to or less than the atmospheric pressure. If the inner portion of the jacket portion is in a decompression state, cooling water with an increased temperature by cooling the engine will evaporate, and become steam. The cooling water steam is sucked into the steam ejector and mixed with the high-pressure steam, and intermediate pressure steam is generated.
  • the steam ejector assumes a negative pressure and the inner portion of the decompression evaporator connected to the steam ejector is decompressed. If the inner portion of the decompression evaporator assumes a decompression state, the warm water supplied into the decompression evaporator is evaporated and becomes steam. The water vapor of the warm water is sucked into the steam ejector, mixed with the high-pressure steam, and generates an intermediate steam.
  • the steam sucked into the ejector 18 is mixed with the high-temperature and high-pressure steam which is generated at the high-temperature heat-collector 15 .
  • the mixed steam stream enters the heat exchanger 14 via the outlet of the ejector 18 , and is condensed and liquefied.
  • the heat of condensation generated at this time increases the temperature of the water in the storage tank 13 , and the heat is stored.
  • Patent Document 1 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. S59-196956
  • Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent (Granted) Publication No. 2942851
  • Patent Document 3 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. 2002-4943
  • the steam-generating portion 7 which recovers the exhaust heat of the internal combustion engine 6 for driving the generator 5 and generates the low-pressure steam 10 is essential. Thereby, there is a problem in that the method can only be applied to factories or the like in which exhaust heat which can be used for steam generation is discharged.
  • the solar water heater shown in FIG. 8 obtains warm water by increasing the temperature of the water in the storage tank 13 by using CFC or the like as the heating medium.
  • the solar water heater cannot generate steam which can be supplied to a variety of steam-utilizing equipment types used in factories, buildings, or the like.
  • a heat-collector of complicated configuration such as a vacuum tube type heat-collector or a plate-shaped heat collector having a double transmissive body, needs to be used as the high-temperature heat-collector 15 , there is a problem in that the costs increase.
  • water can be heated to 100° C. or more by using solar heat as the heat source.
  • solar heat it is important to prevent heat of the water, which is heated by absorbing solar heat, from being diffused into the atmosphere.
  • the heat quantity which can be obtained is highly dependent on the weather.
  • a backup heat source which can supply 100% of the heat quantity required by factories or the like even on days without sunshine is additionally needed. Therefore, there is a problem in that the equipment costs increase.
  • the present invention provides a steam supply apparatus capable of supplying a required amount of steam (process steam) at a pressure and temperature which match required predetermined pressure and temperature conditions to a variety of steam-utilizing equipment used in usage destinations such as factories and buildings in which exhaust heat for use in steam generation is not generated, and is capable of reducing the equipment costs and the operating costs.
  • process steam process steam
  • a steam supply apparatus related to the present invention includes: a steam-generating device; a steam injector in which a steam inlet is connected to a steam outlet of the steam-generating device; a heat-collector which is connected to an inlet port of the steam injector, stores water therein, and increases the temperature of the water by natural energy; and steam-utilizing equipment which is connected to a discharging port of the steam injector, wherein the steam injector is driven by steam which is generated by the steam-generating device, pressure in the heat-collector is decreased by driving the steam injector and steam is generated in the heat-collector, and steam which is supplied from the steam-generating device and steam which is generated in the heat-collector are mixed by the steam injector and supplied to the steam-utilizing equipment.
  • the steam-generating device has a capability to supply an entire amount of steam required by the steam-utilizing equipment.
  • the steam-generating device is a high-pressure steam-generating boiler.
  • the heat-collector is a solar heat-collector.
  • the solar heat-collector is a closed-loop type which circulates a heating medium whose temperature is increased by absorbing solar heat, and the temperature of the water stored in an inner portion of the solar heat-collector is increased by circulating the heating medium.
  • the steam supply apparatus according to the present invention shows improved effects such as the following.
  • the steam supply apparatus includes: the steam-generating device; the steam injector in which the steam inlet is connected to the steam outlet of the steam-generating device; the heat-collector which is connected to the inlet port of the steam injector, stores water therein, and increases the temperature of the water by natural energy; and the steam-utilizing equipment which is connected to the discharging port of the steam injector.
  • the steam injector is driven by steam which is generated by the steam-generating device. Pressure in the heat-collector is decreased by driving the steam injector and steam is generated in the heat-collector. Steam which is supplied by the steam-generating device and steam which is generated in the heat-collector are mixed by the steam injector and supplied to the steam-utilizing equipment.
  • the heat-collector satisfy the following conditions in order to be able to boil and evaporate the stored water by decompression. That is, the heat collector is able to: (i) store water; (ii) be strong enough not to be deformed even when the pressure of the inner portion thereof is decreased; and (iii) collect the heat, which is lost as evaporation heat when the water is evaporated, through heat exchange with the ambient environment. Thereby, a complicated configuration or an advanced insulation configuration is not needed in the heat-collector, and the costs necessary for the heat-collector can be reduced.
  • the steam-generating device included in the steam supply apparatus has a capability to supply an entire amount of steam required by the steam-utilizing equipment connected to the discharging side of the steam injector.
  • the heat-collector By making the heat-collector a solar heat-collector, the temperature of the water in the inner portion of the solar heat-collector can be increased when the solar heat-collector is irradiated with sunlight. Thereby, in the inner portion of the solar heat-collector which is decompressed when the steam injector is operated, the water whose temperature is increased can be efficiently boiled and evaporated, and a large amount of steam can be generated.
  • the steam generated by the solar heat-collector is introduced into the steam injector, and large amounts of the steam can be mixed with the steam which is generated by the steam-generating device. In this way, when an amount of steam corresponding to the required amount of the desired steam-utilizing equipment is supplied, the amount of steam generated in the steam-generating device can be further decreased. Thereby, fuel consumption of the steam-generating device can be further decreased, and the operating costs can be further reduced.
  • the solar heat-collector has a closed-loop type configuration in which the temperature of water stored in the inner portion of a evaporator is increased by using circulation of a heating medium whose temperature is increased by absorbing solar heat, it is possible to divide the solar heat collection function and the evaporation function in the solar heat-collector. Thereby, a portion in which the heating medium absorbs the solar heat can be optimally designed into the solar heat collection function, and the evaporator can be optimally designed into the evaporation function. Moreover, since the solar heat-collector is the closed-loop type, water is not directly evaporated at the portion where the heating medium absorbs the solar heat.
  • the evaporator can be designed in advance so as to simplify the performance of maintenance during occurrence of scaling, and an effect of decreased labor required for maintenance during the occurrence of scaling can be anticipated.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of a steam supply apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of operating results of the steam supply apparatus related to the embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing results of a performance prediction simulation of the steam supply apparatus related to the embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an outline of an example of the steam supply method in the related art.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a method for generating process steam in factories or the like which is suggested in the related art.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the solar water heater which is suggested in the related art.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a steam supply apparatus of the present invention.
  • a steam inlet 20 a of a steam injector 20 is connected to a steam outlet 19 a of a high-pressure steam-generating boiler 19 which is a steam-generating device to generate high-pressure and high-temperature steam, via a steam line 21 .
  • a hollow container whose shape can be maintained even when the inner portion thereof is decompressed, is placed so as to be exposed to sunlight 24 .
  • water can be stored in the container, and if the container is irradiated with the sunlight 24 , the temperature of the water stored in the container can be increased by absorbing energy which is held in the sunlight 24 .
  • the area which receives the sunlight 24 is as large as possible.
  • the container in the solar heat-collector 22 , from the standpoint of increasing efficiency when water is evaporated in the inner portion of the container which is decompressed according to the suction through the steam injector 20 , it is preferable that the container have a shape in which the surface area of water stored in the inner portion of the container is as large as possible.
  • Steam-utilizing equipment 25 is connected to a discharging port 20 c of the steam injector 20 via a steam supply line 26 .
  • equipment is used which requires steam (process steam) 27 a with pressure and temperature conditions lower than the pressure and the temperature of the high-pressure and high-temperature steam 27 generated by the high-pressure steam-generating boiler 19 .
  • the high-pressure steam-generating boiler 19 has the capability to supply the entire amount of steam required by the steam-utilizing equipment 25 .
  • a reference number 28 indicates steam which is generated by the solar heat-collector 22 .
  • a reference number 29 indicates a shut-off valve which is provided on the suction line 23 .
  • the solar heat-collector 22 is installed so that the solar heat-collector 22 is irradiated with the sunlight 24 . Moreover, water stored in the inner portion of the solar heat-collector 22 absorbs energy of the irradiated sunlight 24 and the temperature of the water is increased.
  • the steam 27 which is generated by the high-pressure steam-generating boiler 19 is introduced from the steam outlet 19 a to the steam inlet 20 a of the steam injector 20 via the steam line 21 .
  • the steam injector 20 is driven. If the steam injector 20 is driven, pressure of the inlet port 20 b is decreased.
  • the inner portion of the solar heat-collector 22 connected to the inlet port 20 b assumes a decompression (low pressure) state. If the inner portion of the solar heat-collector 22 assumes a decompression state, boiling and evaporation occur in the inner portion of the solar heat-collector 22 even when the temperature of the water with a temperature increased by the energy of the sunlight 24 is less than 100° C., which is the boiling point by one atmospheric pressure, and the steam 28 is generated. Thereby, the steam 28 , which is generated in the inner portion of the decompressed solar heat-collector 22 , is continuously sucked into the inlet port 20 b of the steam injector 20 .
  • the steam 27 which has a high pressure and high temperature and flows into the steam inlet 20 a from the high-pressure steam-generating boiler 19 and the steam 28 which has a low pressure and low temperature and is sucked into the inlet port 20 b from the solar heat-collector 22 are mixed with each other, and steam 27 a which has an intermediate pressure and intermediate temperature is generated.
  • the intermediate pressure and intermediate temperature steam 27 a generated by the mixing is supplied to the steam-utilizing equipment 25 through the steam supply line 26 from the discharging port 20 c, in a state where the amount of the steam 27 a was increased more than the amount of the steam 27 generated by the high-pressure steam-generating boiler 19 by mixing the steam 28 generated by the solar heat-collector 22 .
  • the amount of the steam 27 generated by the high-pressure steam-generating boiler 19 may be smaller than the amount of steam which is required by the steam-utilizing equipment 25 . Thereby, the amount of fuel which is necessary for operating the high-pressure steam-generating boiler 19 can be decreased compared to that of the case where the entire amount of steam required by the steam-utilizing equipment 25 is generated by the high-pressure steam-generating boiler 19 .
  • the temperature of water is not sufficiently increased in the solar heat-collector 22 .
  • the amount of the steam 27 which is generated by the high-pressure steam-generating boiler 19 may be increased by strengthening the operation of the high-pressure steam-generating boiler 19 .
  • the shut-off valve 29 on the suction line 23 is closed, and in this state, the high-pressure steam-generating boiler 19 may be operated so that the entire amount of steam required by the steam-utilizing equipment 25 is fulfilled through the steam 27 generated by the high-pressure steam-generating boiler 19 .
  • the steam 27 generated by the high-pressure steam-generating boiler 19 is supplied with the amount thereof corresponding to the required amount to the steam-utilizing equipment 25 , in the state where the pressure and the temperature of the steam 27 are decreased according to the pressure drop when the steam 27 passes through the steam injector 20 .
  • the amount of the steam 27 generated by the high-pressure steam-generating boiler 19 can be smaller than the amount of steam which is required by the steam-utilizing equipment 25 .
  • fuel consumption of the high-pressure steam-generating boiler 19 can be decreased when the steam 27 a corresponding to the amount required by the steam-utilizing equipment 25 is supplied, and reduction in the operating costs can be improved.
  • the solar heat-collector 22 increases the temperature of water stored in the inner portion thereof by the irradiated sunlight 24 to the temperature in which the water can be boiled and evaporated when pressure of the inner portion of the solar heat-collector 22 is decreased according to the pressure decrease of the inlet port 20 b due to the driving of the steam injector 20 .
  • an advanced insulation configuration is not particularly needed. Therefore, if the solar heat-collector 22 is capable of storing water and has strength enough not to deform its shape when the inner portion thereof is decompressed, there is no need to use expensive glass or complicated configurations in manufacture.
  • a hollow panel made of resin or the like, which is reinforced by ribs disposed in parallel with the required spacing in the inner space, can be used as the solar heat-collector 22 .
  • the cost necessary for the solar heat-collector 22 can be greatly reduced compared with that of the solar heat-collector which is generally used in the related art.
  • FIG. 2 an application example of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is shown in FIG. 2 as another embodiment of the present invention.
  • a bypass line 30 in which an on-off valve 31 and a decompression valve 32 are installed in order from the upstream side, is provided so as to be divided at a middle position of the steam line 21 which connects the steam outlet 19 a of the high-pressure steam-generating boiler 19 and the steam inlet 20 a of the steam injector 20 .
  • the end of the downstream side of the bypass line 30 is connected to a middle position of the steam supply line 26 which connects the discharging port 20 c of the steam injector 20 and the steam-utilizing equipment.
  • shut-off valve 33 is provided further on the downstream side than the division location of the bypass line 30 in the steam line 21 .
  • the shut-off valve 33 on the steam line 21 is opened in advance.
  • the on-off valve 31 on the bypass line 30 is closed.
  • the solar heat-collector 22 is irradiated with the sunlight 24 .
  • water stored in the inner portion of the solar heat-collector 22 absorbs energy of the irradiated sunlight 24 and the temperature of the water is increased.
  • the steam injector 20 is driven by the steam 27 generated by the high-pressure steam-generating boiler 19 , and water with a temperature increased by the sunlight 24 is boiled and evaporated at the inner portion of the solar heat-collector 22 which is decompressed according to the pressure decrease of the inlet port 20 b.
  • the steam 28 generated at this time is continuously sucked into the inlet port 20 b of the steam injector 20 .
  • the sucked steam 28 is mixed with the high-pressure and high-temperature steam 27 from the high-pressure steam-generating boiler 19 in the steam injector 20 .
  • the intermediate pressure and intermediate temperature steam 27 a which is increased in amount since the steam 28 is mixed with the steam 27 , is discharged from the discharging port 20 c of the steam injector 20 , and supplied to the steam-utilizing equipment 25 through the steam supply line 26 .
  • the amount of the steam 27 generated by the high-pressure steam-generating boiler 19 can be decreased to less than the amount of steam required by the steam-utilizing equipment 25 .
  • fuel consumption of the high-pressure steam-generating boiler 19 can be reduced, and reduction in the operating costs can be improved.
  • the shut-off valve 33 on the steam line 21 is closed and the on-off valve 31 on the bypass line 30 is opened.
  • the high-pressure steam-generating boiler 19 may be operated so that the entire amount of steam required by the steam-utilizing equipment 25 is supplied by the steam 27 generated by the high-pressure steam-generating boiler 19 .
  • the entire amount of the steam 27 generated by the high-pressure steam-generating boiler 19 is supplied to the steam-utilizing equipment 25 through the bypass line 30 which is divided from the middle position of the steam line 21 and to which the decompression valve 32 is attached, and through the steam supply line 26 . Therefore, by appropriately regulating the decompression valve 32 provided on the bypass line 30 according to conditions of the pressure and the temperature of steam required by the steam-utilizing equipment 25 in advance, the steam 27 which is reliably regulated to the pressure and the temperature matching the pressure and the temperature conditions of steam required by the steam-utilizing equipment 25 at the decompression valve 32 can be supplied to the steam-utilizing equipment 25 .
  • the 3 is a closed-loop type solar heat-collector which circulates a heating medium 35 with a temperature increased by absorbing solar heat and can increase the temperature of water 37 stored in an inner portion of an evaporator 36 .
  • the evaporator 36 included in the solar heat-collector 34 is connected to the inlet port 20 b of the steam injector 20 via the suction line 23 .
  • a heat-exchanging portion 38 is installed in the inner portion of the evaporator 36 which is a hollow container which can store water 37 and has strength enough not to deform its shape even when being decompressed by the suction through the steam injector 20 .
  • the solar heat-collector 34 can cause the heating medium 35 to circulate through the solar heat-receiving container 39 , the heating medium line 40 , the heating-exchanging portion 38 , and the heating medium line 41 in order.
  • the temperature of the heating medium 35 which is circulated in the inner portion of the solar heat-receiving container 39 can be increased by absorbing energy held in the sunlight 24 .
  • the heating medium 35 which absorbs energy held in the sunlight 24 at the solar heat-receiving container 39 and is increased in temperature, is sequentially circulated to the heat-exchanging portion 38 installed in the inner portion of the evaporator 36 .
  • the temperature of the water 37 stored in the inner portion of the evaporator 36 can be increased by heat-exchange with the heating medium 35 which is circulated to the heat-exchanging portion 38 and increased in temperature.
  • FIG. 3 is similar to that shown in FIG. 1 , and the same reference numbers are associated with the same parts.
  • the solar heat-receiving container 39 of the solar heat-collector 34 is irradiated with the sunlight 24 .
  • the circulation pump 42 is driven, and temperature of the water 37 stored in the inner portion of the evaporator 36 of the solar heat-collector 34 is increased with the energy held in the irradiated sunlight 24 as the heat source.
  • the steam injector 20 is driven by the steam 27 which is generated by the high-pressure steam-generating boiler 19 . If the steam injector 20 is driven, the inner portion of the evaporator 36 of the solar heat-collector 34 is decompressed according to the pressure decrease of the inlet port 20 b. If the inner portion of the evaporator 36 of the solar heat-collector 34 is decompressed, even when the water 37 with a temperature increased by the energy held in the sunlight 24 as the heat source is less than 100° C., the water 37 is boiled and evaporated. The low-pressure and low-temperature steam 28 generated at this time is continuously sucked into the inlet port 20 b of the steam injector 20 .
  • the intermediate pressure and intermediate temperature steam 27 a which is increased in amount is discharged from the discharging port 20 c of the steam injector 20 .
  • the steam 27 a discharged from the discharging port 20 c of the steam injector 20 is supplied to the steam-utilizing equipment 25 through the steam supply line 26 .
  • the amount of the steam 27 generated by the high-pressure steam-generating boiler 19 can be decreased to less than the amount of steam required by the steam-utilizing equipment 25 .
  • fuel consumption of the high-pressure steam-generating boiler 19 can be reduced, and reduction in the operating cost can be improved.
  • the amount of the steam 27 which is generated by the high-pressure steam-generating boiler 19 may be increased by strengthening the operation of the high-pressure steam-generating boiler 19 .
  • the high-pressure steam-generating boiler 19 may be operated so that the entire amount of steam required by the steam-utilizing equipment 25 is supplied by the steam 27 generated by the high-pressure steam-generating boiler 19 .
  • the steam 27 generated by the high-pressure steam-generating boiler 19 can be supplied with the amount thereof corresponding to the required amount to the steam-utilizing equipment 25 , in the state where the pressure and the temperature of the steam 27 are decreased according to the pressure drop when the steam 27 passes through the steam injector 20 .
  • a solar heat collection function and an evaporation function'in the solar heat-collector 34 can be individually allotted to the solar heat-receiving container 39 and the evaporator 36 . Therefore, the solar heat-receiving container 39 and the evaporator 36 can be optimally designed for the solar heat collection function and the evaporation function respectively.
  • the solar heat-collector 34 is the closed-loop type, water is not directly evaporated in the solar heat-receiving container 39 . Thereby, possibility of scale occurrence in the inner portion of the solar heat-receiving container 39 can be prevented, and the place in which the scale may occur can be limited to the evaporator 36 . Therefore, since the evaporator 36 is designed so as to simplify the performing of maintenance when responding to the occurrence of scaling in advance, an effect of decreased labor required for maintenance during the occurrence of scaling can be anticipated.
  • the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. That is, in the embodiment of FIG. 2 , the closed-loop type solar heat-collector 34 shown in FIG. 3 may be used instead of the solar heat-collector 22 .
  • a geothermal heat-collector which collects geothermal heat and increases the temperature of the stored water may be connected to the inlet port 20 b of the steam injector 20 instead of the solar heat-collectors 22 and 34 .
  • the steam injector 20 is driven by the high-pressure and high-temperature steam 27 which is generated by the high-pressure steam-generating boiler 19 , water is boiled and evaporated even at normal temperatures in the inner portion of the geothermal heat-collector which is decompressed according to the pressure decrease of the inlet port 20 b.
  • the steam generated by boiling and evaporation of water in the geothermal heat-collector is introduced to the steam injector 20 and mixed with the high-pressure and high-temperature steam 27 generated by the high-pressure steam-generating boiler 19 , and therefore, intermediate pressure and intermediate temperature steam which is increased in amount can be generated.
  • a heat-collector of a type in which the heat of the stored water can be exchanged with the heat of the ambient environment such as the ambient air may be connected to the inlet port 20 b of the steam injector 20 instead of the solar heat collectors 22 and 34 .
  • the steam generated by boiling and evaporation of water of a normal temperature in the heat collector is introduced to the steam injector 20 and mixed with the high-pressure and high-temperature steam 27 which is generated by the high-pressure steam-generating boiler 19 . Therefore, an effect in which the intermediate pressure and intermediate temperature steam which is increased in amount is generated and can be supplied to the steam-utilizing equipment 25 can be anticipated. Further, configuration of the heat-collector can be made simpler and it can be installed regardless of whether or not irradiation of sunlight is present. Thereby, an effect of a reduction in equipment costs being further improved can also be anticipated.
  • any type of steam-generating device such as a device which generates steam through a heat source using electric power, for example, a heater or a heat pump, may be adopted.
  • FIG. 4 The results of actual operation of the steam supply apparatus of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 are shown in FIG. 4 as a working example of the present invention.
  • a boiler which burns fossil fuels and generates steam is used as the high-pressure steam-generating boiler 19 .
  • the boiler has a performance in which steam of 180° C. and 850 kPa is generated.
  • the solar heat-collector 22 a solar heat-collector of a type which uses a solar thermal collector panel is used.
  • the solar heat 24 is collected by the solar thermal collector panel, and the temperature of water in the inner portion thereof is increased. Accordingly, in the steam supply apparatus which is used in the working example, the temperature of water in the inner portion can be detected by measuring the temperature of the solar thermal collector panel.
  • a horizontal axis represents elapsed time.
  • the elapsed time is represented in seconds, and operation results shown in FIG. 4 represent the results up to three hours after the start of the operation.
  • the left vertical axis represents temperature of the solar thermal collector panel which is used in the solar heat-collector.
  • the right vertical axis represents the driving pressure of the steam injector and amount of solar radiation.
  • the unit of driving pressure of the steam injector is kPaG
  • the unit of the amount of solar radiation is W/m 2 .
  • the driving pressure of the steam injector means the pressure as output of the boiler.
  • the panel temperature represented about 100° C.
  • the driving pressure of the steam injector was approximately zero.
  • the steam injector was driven.
  • the driving of the steam injector means that the shut-off valve 29 is opened and the inner portion of the solar heat-collector 22 is decompressed.
  • FIG. 5 results of a performance simulation of the steam supply apparatus are shown in FIG. 5 as a working example of the steam supply apparatus related to the present invention.
  • the simulation was performed so as to predict the performance of the supply apparatus when size of the boiler for generating the high-pressure steam is constant and the area of the solar thermal collector panel included in the solar heat-collector is changed.
  • the performance of the steam supply apparatus was evaluated in triplicate such as panel efficiency, a solar share, and a panel temperature.
  • the solar share means a ratio of the steam 28 generated by the solar heat-collector 22 which accounts for the steam 27 a discharged from the steam injector.
  • the panel temperature means the temperature of the solar thermal collector panel which is included in the solar heat-collector 22 .
  • the left vertical axis represents the panel efficiency and the solar share.
  • the right vertical axis represents the panel temperature.
  • the horizontal axis of FIG. 5 represents the panel area.
  • a square symbol represents the panel temperature.
  • a triangle symbol represents the panel efficiency.
  • a diamond symbol represents the solar share.
  • black symbols represent actual test data results, and white symbols represent simulation results.
  • the panel efficiency is high and the solar share is low. For example, under conditions of 20 m 2 , which is the minimum panel area assumed in the simulation range, the solar share is about 10% while the panel efficiency is about 46%. However, as the panel area is increased, the panel efficiency is decreased and the solar share is increased. For example, under conditions of 180 m 2 , which is a maximum panel area in the simulation range, the panel efficiency is decreased to about 20%. However, the solar share is increased to about 30%. The reason is as follows.
  • the decompression amount due to the driving of the steam injector is constant under conditions in which the size of the boiler is constant and the same steam injector is used, if the panel area is increased, the effect of the decompression amount due to the driving of the steam injector is decreased. However, if the panel area is increased, the amount of the water stored in the inner portion is also increased, and the amount of the steam 28 sucked into the steam injector is increased. Thereby, the solar share is increased according to the increase of the panel area.
  • the panel temperature is increased according to the increase of the panel area.
  • the value of the solar share is close to the simulation results.
  • the test data of the panel temperature represents higher values than the simulation results
  • the test data of the panel efficiency represents lower values than the simulation results. This is considered to be because the amount of the water stored in the solar heat-collector is insufficient with respect to amount of the steam 28 which can be generated in the solar heat-collector through the driving of the steam injector and drying-out occurs in the solar heat-collector. It is considered that both the panel temperature and the panel efficiency are close to the simulation results by storing a proper amount of water in the solar heat-collector in order to prevent the drying-out.
  • the operation conditions can be appropriately set according to the steam condition required by the steam-utilizing equipment 25 , or the fuel consumption or the operating cost required by the boiler by changing the panel area of the solar heat-collector 22 .
  • the amount of steam which is generated by the steam-generating device can be smaller than the amount of steam which is required by the steam-utilizing equipment.
  • the entire required amount of steam can be easily supplied by increasing the amount of steam generated by the steam-generating device.

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US11651398B2 (en) 2012-06-29 2023-05-16 Ebay Inc. Contextual menus based on image recognition
US11694427B2 (en) 2008-03-05 2023-07-04 Ebay Inc. Identification of items depicted in images
US11727054B2 (en) 2008-03-05 2023-08-15 Ebay Inc. Method and apparatus for image recognition services
US11741681B2 (en) * 2012-12-10 2023-08-29 Nant Holdings Ip, Llc Interaction analysis systems and methods
US20240377106A1 (en) * 2021-05-07 2024-11-14 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Method for Providing Process Steam and Industrial Plant for Utilizing Process Steam

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JP2013019661A (ja) * 2011-07-12 2013-01-31 Koichi Yorii 太陽光ガラス球体発電システム
WO2013136407A1 (ja) * 2012-03-12 2013-09-19 株式会社日立製作所 コンバインドサイクル発電システム
JP6842302B2 (ja) * 2017-01-05 2021-03-17 株式会社テイエルブイ ドレン回収システム
FR3068442A1 (fr) * 2017-06-30 2019-01-04 Enertime Dispositif de refroidissement combine a une production de vapeur
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CN110407271B (zh) * 2019-08-06 2020-03-20 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所 一种海水淡化装置
CN115183211B (zh) * 2022-08-25 2024-11-08 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 蒸汽供应系统

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AU2010269395A1 (en) 2012-02-02
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EP2453171A1 (en) 2012-05-16
CN102472483A (zh) 2012-05-23
TW201104174A (en) 2011-02-01

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