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US20110290386A1 - Low-density granular blasting agent for use in mining - Google Patents

Low-density granular blasting agent for use in mining Download PDF

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Publication number
US20110290386A1
US20110290386A1 US13/147,931 US200913147931A US2011290386A1 US 20110290386 A1 US20110290386 A1 US 20110290386A1 US 200913147931 A US200913147931 A US 200913147931A US 2011290386 A1 US2011290386 A1 US 2011290386A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
blasting agent
low density
granular
ammonium nitrate
preparing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US13/147,931
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English (en)
Inventor
Guillermo Carlos Oscar Silva
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ENAEX SERVICIOS SA
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of US20110290386A1 publication Critical patent/US20110290386A1/en
Assigned to ENAEX SERVICIOS S.A. reassignment ENAEX SERVICIOS S.A. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SILVA, GUILLERMO CARLOS OSCAR
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
    • C06B31/28—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate
    • C06B31/285—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate with fuel oil, e.g. ANFO-compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
    • C06B23/002—Sensitisers or density reducing agents, foam stabilisers, crystal habit modifiers
    • C06B23/003—Porous or hollow inert particles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B25/00—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound
    • C06B25/34—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the compound being a nitrated acyclic, alicyclic or heterocyclic amine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B29/00—Compositions containing an inorganic oxygen-halogen salt, e.g. chlorate, perchlorate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product

Definitions

  • the present invention refers to the development of a low density granular Oxidizing Agent whose ingredients do not segregate and that when mixed with combustible elements, is transformed into a low density granular Blasting Agent suitable for using in open pit and underground mining applications in order to control rock fragmentation and damage.
  • AN ammonium nitrate
  • ANFO prilled ammonium nitrate and fuel oil
  • ANFO has been mixed with other industrial explosives such as “explosive emulsions” (to produce the so called Heavy ANFOs) in order to modify the performance of the resulting mixture and adapt it to the operation requirements.
  • Damage control in blasting environments requires in many operational instances the use of explosives developing lower energies than the one liberated by the above-mentioned industrial products, being density reduction by the addition of a diluent agent one of the most accepted practices for the purpose of reducing the energy.
  • the density of an explosive mixture plays a very important role in the energy and pressure delivered during detonation and consequently, in the results of rock fragmentation and/or wall control; reason why a great effort in time and resources has been placed to reduce the density of explosive mixtures, particularly mixtures comprising ANFO prills.
  • a typical option to reduce density of prilled ANFO is to mix it with diluents such as sawdust, bagasse, silica or plastic microbubbles, volcanic rock, rice hulls, expanded polystyrene and a series of similar products.
  • diluents such as sawdust, bagasse, silica or plastic microbubbles, volcanic rock, rice hulls, expanded polystyrene and a series of similar products.
  • Patent 246 457 to Gotz et al. published in East Germany on Jun. 10, 1987, introduces an explosive mixture comprising 10% to 80% by volume of ammonium nitrate treated with 0% to 1% by volume of diesel oil and 90% to 10% by volume of foamed polystyrene.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,955,731 B2 issued in the name of WALDOCK refers to mixtures of an emulsion and ANFO known in the art as Heavy ANFOs, to which rice hulls have been added in order to reduce density of the mixture and increase sensitivity of the explosive.
  • Patent 1,601,972 published in Russia on Jul. 9, 1995, introduces an explosive mixture that contains ammonium nitrate and polystyrene, the latter being expanded in a hot aqueous solution of ethylene glycol as an inherent part of the manufacturing process.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,425,965 B1 of Jul. 30, 2002 of G. Silva includes a novel concept by which a reactive nature is conferred to a diluent agent without losing its low density characteristics, thus allowing its use as a reactive diluent agent in the typical explosives employed in blasting operations, particularly of ANFO in prilled form.
  • the present invention may be summarized as the development of a low density granular Oxidizing Agent (PAN) to which explosive properties are conferred through the simple mixture thereof with combustible ingredients, thereby producing a low density granular Blasting Agent (PANFO) having many applications in the mining industry.
  • PAN low density granular Oxidizing Agent
  • PANFO low density granular Blasting Agent
  • the source of the oxidizing ingredient consists in a concentrated aqueous solution of ammonium nitrate, which is absorbed by expanded perlite granules, an inert mineral of a very low density and with a high liquid absorption and retention capacity.
  • the expanded perlite is soaked in the ammonium nitrate solution until ensuring that all its pores are completely saturated with said solution.
  • Precipitation of the ammonium nitrate crystals in the perlite shall start as a result of the solution cooling below its saturation temperature and by the evaporation process of water from the solution.
  • the granular product that we have named PAN shall be obtained upon precipitation of said crystals within the pores and on the surface of perlite and when residual moisture has been removed.
  • PAN consists of an oxidizing salt mainly contained within the pores of inert material granules.
  • PAN should be classified as an Oxidizing Agent, in the same way as prilled ammonium nitrate (AN) used for manufacturing ANFO.
  • PAN granules may conveniently be treated with typical combustible ingredients such as gas oil, fuel oil, mineral or vegetable oils and others, to originate the product we have named PANFO, a low density granular explosive product that for regulatory purposes should be classified as a Blasting Agent, in the same way as prilled ANFO.
  • PANFO When used as a diluent agent of ANFO, the reactive nature of PANFO allows dilution of the mixture to values that are not possible with other diluents without running the risk of detonation failure, whether the latter is a result of requiring a higher degree of dilution, the unavoidable segregation of the selected diluent or of a combination of the above two.
  • PANFO as a diluent added to ANFO allows working in a density range starting from ANFO's nominal density (850 kg/m 3 ) to the density of PANFO itself (250-300 kg/m 3 ) without any risk of generating detonation failures due to an excessive dilution and/or segregation of the components.
  • the main purpose of the present invention is the development of PANFO, a low density granular explosive that for handling, storing and transportation purposes should be classified as a Blasting Agent.
  • the manufacture of PANFO would comprise two stages, an initial stage where two ingredients are mixed to form PAN, followed by a second stage that would comprise the addition to PAN, preferably at the moment of unloading it into the blastholes, of a third ingredient which would give origin to PANFO.
  • Perlite is an inert material obtained from siliceous rocks, its more distinctive characteristic with respect to similar volcanic rocks being its capacity of being expanded when subjected to high temperatures, whereby it will become an extremely light and absorbent product. Owing to its high absorption capacity, perlite is commonly used to control spills (oil, water), deodorize liquid effluents and in its granular form, as a carrier for pesticides, herbicides and similar liquid substances.
  • expanded perlite is used in granular form, with a preferred particle size between 2 mm and 100 mm with densities going between 50 kg/m 3 and 350 kg/m 3 , its preferred density being about 100 kg/cm 3 , because at said value perlite preserves an adequate liquid absorption and retention capacity while maintaining sufficient mechanic strength.
  • ammonium nitrate is the most used in the explosives industry for its cost, safety and availability.
  • the ammonium nitrate aqueous solution typically used during prill manufacture is a 96% concentrated solution with a saturation temperature of 125° C.
  • solutions at a lower concentration and saturation temperature are transferred and used for different purposes, such as the case of solutions having 83% by weight ammonium nitrate with a saturation temperature that fluctuates about 65° C.
  • This last concentration has proved convenient in PAN manufacture due to its relatively high ammonium nitrate contents and to its low saturation temperature that makes handling thereof easier during operations.
  • PAN due to the inert composition of perlite, PAN should be classified for storage, handling and transport purposes as an Oxidizing Agent. Furthermore, after adding the combustible ingredient that would give origin to PANFO, this should be classified in turn as a Blasting Agent, in the same way as standard prilled ANFO.
  • PAN or PANFO density There are two ways of reducing PAN or PANFO density, namely: using a less porous perlite or else using a more diluted ammonium nitrate solution such that not sufficient crystals form within the perlite pores.
  • oversaturated solutions is preferred so that crystallization is mainly produced by a cooling action and not by evaporation, thus reducing drying times and making the manufacturing stage easier.
  • Liquid combustibles typically used in industry such as fuel oil or gas oil are recommended; however any other liquid combustible that may be absorbed by PAN or dissolved in the ammonium nitrate aqueous solution would also be adequate.
  • PAN Liquid combustible that may be absorbed by PAN or dissolved in the ammonium nitrate aqueous solution
  • dissolution of sugar in the oxidizing solution of ammonium nitrate would give rise to precipitation of both crystals in perlite.
  • said alternative is not advantageous because in so doing we will end up working with a Blasting Agent instead of with an Oxidizing Agent such as PAN.
  • Addition of the combustible agent to PAN must be carried out at a weight ratio so to produce a resulting PANFO balanced in oxygen. For that purpose approximately 6% of the weight corresponding to precipitated ammonium nitrate crystals must be absorbed through the pores. Due to the high absorption capacity of liquid combustible characterizing perlite, part of said percentage may not be in an intimate contact with the ammonium nitrate crystals, thus tending to promote formation of toxic nitrogen gases. If possible, it is recommended to carry out trials with the available products in order to determine the fuel percentage that will prevent a development of said highly toxic gases.
  • PAN nor PANFO have resistance to the damaging effects of water dissolving the ammonium nitrate crystals and desensitizing the product.
  • there are ways of conferring a certain water resistance to the product the most practical being mixing PANFO with an explosive emulsion at a ratio that ensures an adequate protection. Said ratio shall be a function of the degree of protection sought, and will have to be established in the field.
  • certain patented products based on guar gums and other powdery components such as that used in WR-ANFO (registered trademark) that consists of standard ANFO mixed with guar gum), would also provide a certain degree of protection from water damage.
  • PANFO may be mixed with high explosive fines to provide higher initiation sensitivity and a performance that complies with user's requirements.
  • Said compounds include pentaerythrol tetraamine (PETN), cyclo-1,3,5-trimethylene-2,4,6-trinitramine (RDX), trinitrotoluene (TNT), nitroguanidine, cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX), as well as the typical products known in the mining industry, particularly prilled ANFO and explosive emulsions.
  • PAN was treated by adding fuel oil in an amount equivalent to a 6% weight basis of the ammonium nitrate contained within PAN, resulting in PANFO having a density of 0.37 g/cm 3 .
  • the mixing process of PAN and fuel oil was done right before loading it into the blastholes.
  • VOD velocity of detonation
  • VOD Velocity of Detonation

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
US13/147,931 2009-02-06 2009-09-21 Low-density granular blasting agent for use in mining Abandoned US20110290386A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CL2009000278A CL2009000278A1 (es) 2009-02-06 2009-02-06 Agente de tronadura granular de baja densidad que consta de perlita expandida con rango de tamaño de particula entre 0,5 y 15 mm y con densidad entre 0,05 y 0,35 g/cm3, cristales de nitrato de amonio en poros y superficie de la perlita y combustible liquido tipo fue oil; proceso de preparacion, compuesto intermedio; y uso.
CL278-2009 2009-02-06
PCT/CL2009/000015 WO2010088785A1 (es) 2009-02-06 2009-09-21 Agente de tronadura granular de baja densidad con aplicación en minería

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20110290386A1 true US20110290386A1 (en) 2011-12-01

Family

ID=42541635

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US13/147,931 Abandoned US20110290386A1 (en) 2009-02-06 2009-09-21 Low-density granular blasting agent for use in mining

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20110290386A1 (es)
AU (1) AU2009339243B2 (es)
CA (1) CA2751488A1 (es)
CL (1) CL2009000278A1 (es)
CO (1) CO6420331A2 (es)
MX (1) MX2011008247A (es)
PE (1) PE20120684A1 (es)
WO (1) WO2010088785A1 (es)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100320735A1 (en) * 2008-02-07 2010-12-23 Autoliv Development Ab Gas generation for a safety device, the charge of which is initiated by a heat-generating means
US20150013858A1 (en) * 2012-01-05 2015-01-15 Qingdao Target Mining Services Co., Ltd. Preparation method of explosives with differrnt densities and explosives with different density
CN105693440A (zh) * 2016-02-01 2016-06-22 宏大矿业有限公司 一种小直径低爆速工业炸药及其制备方法
CN112919996A (zh) * 2021-02-22 2021-06-08 巴彦淖尔盛安化工有限责任公司 一种低密度多孔粒状铵油炸药及其制备系统

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102173968A (zh) * 2011-01-26 2011-09-07 陈靖宇 一种多孔粒状硝酸铵的生产方法
EA028310B1 (ru) * 2012-01-05 2017-11-30 Циндао Таргет Майнинг Сервисиз Ко., Лтд. Способ получения взрывчатых веществ с разными плотностями и взрывчатые вещества с разными плотностями
CN103130591B (zh) * 2013-03-07 2014-01-22 煤炭科学研究总院爆破技术研究所 高能型煤矿乳化炸药
CN118771948A (zh) * 2024-06-21 2024-10-15 武汉鑫资升贸易有限公司 一种基于图像识别的静态致裂专用混合粉料的制备方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3242019A (en) * 1963-05-13 1966-03-22 Atlas Chem Ind Solid emulsion blasting agents comprising nitric acid, inorganic nitrates, and fuels
US4933029A (en) * 1989-07-26 1990-06-12 Sheeran John P Water resistant ANFO compositions
US5567911A (en) * 1993-12-16 1996-10-22 Nitro Nobel Ab Particulate explosive, manufacturing method and use
US20060243362A1 (en) * 2005-02-01 2006-11-02 Houston Donald J Explosive compositions

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2009381A6 (es) * 1987-11-18 1989-09-16 Cbs Explosives Composicion explosiva de mezclado en seco.
AU621994B2 (en) * 1989-03-09 1992-03-26 William Lee Gane Explosive composition
CA2127302C (en) * 1994-07-04 1998-07-14 Melvin A. Mcnicol Low density ammonium nitrate emulsion explosive
JO1980B1 (en) * 1996-09-19 1997-12-15 ساسول كيميكال اندستريز ليمتد Porous granules of ammonium nitrate

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3242019A (en) * 1963-05-13 1966-03-22 Atlas Chem Ind Solid emulsion blasting agents comprising nitric acid, inorganic nitrates, and fuels
US4933029A (en) * 1989-07-26 1990-06-12 Sheeran John P Water resistant ANFO compositions
US5567911A (en) * 1993-12-16 1996-10-22 Nitro Nobel Ab Particulate explosive, manufacturing method and use
US20060243362A1 (en) * 2005-02-01 2006-11-02 Houston Donald J Explosive compositions

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100320735A1 (en) * 2008-02-07 2010-12-23 Autoliv Development Ab Gas generation for a safety device, the charge of which is initiated by a heat-generating means
US8708367B2 (en) * 2008-02-07 2014-04-29 Seva Technologies Gas generation for a safety device, the charge of which is initiated by a heat-generating means
US20150013858A1 (en) * 2012-01-05 2015-01-15 Qingdao Target Mining Services Co., Ltd. Preparation method of explosives with differrnt densities and explosives with different density
CN105693440A (zh) * 2016-02-01 2016-06-22 宏大矿业有限公司 一种小直径低爆速工业炸药及其制备方法
CN112919996A (zh) * 2021-02-22 2021-06-08 巴彦淖尔盛安化工有限责任公司 一种低密度多孔粒状铵油炸药及其制备系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2009339243B2 (en) 2015-11-05
WO2010088785A1 (es) 2010-08-12
AU2009339243A1 (en) 2011-09-01
MX2011008247A (es) 2012-01-20
CL2009000278A1 (es) 2011-01-21
CA2751488A1 (en) 2010-08-12
CO6420331A2 (es) 2012-04-16
PE20120684A1 (es) 2012-06-21

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Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: ENAEX SERVICIOS S.A., CHILE

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SILVA, GUILLERMO CARLOS OSCAR;REEL/FRAME:029391/0854

Effective date: 20121108

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION