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US20100170425A1 - Cooling system for the dry extraction of heavy ashes from boilers - Google Patents

Cooling system for the dry extraction of heavy ashes from boilers Download PDF

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Publication number
US20100170425A1
US20100170425A1 US12/438,125 US43812509A US2010170425A1 US 20100170425 A1 US20100170425 A1 US 20100170425A1 US 43812509 A US43812509 A US 43812509A US 2010170425 A1 US2010170425 A1 US 2010170425A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
air
cooling
exchanger
cooling air
anyone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US12/438,125
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English (en)
Inventor
Mario Magaldi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Magaldi Power SpA
Original Assignee
Magaldi Power SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Magaldi Power SpA filed Critical Magaldi Power SpA
Assigned to MAGALDI POWER S.P.A. reassignment MAGALDI POWER S.P.A. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MAGALDI, MARIO
Publication of US20100170425A1 publication Critical patent/US20100170425A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23JREMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J1/00Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
    • F23J1/02Apparatus for removing ash, clinker, or slag from ash-pits, e.g. by employing trucks or conveyors, by employing suction devices
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23JREMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2700/00Ash removal, handling and treatment means; Ash and slag handling in pulverulent fuel furnaces; Ash removal means for incinerators
    • F23J2700/001Ash removal, handling and treatment means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23JREMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2900/00Special arrangements for conducting or purifying combustion fumes; Treatment of fumes or ashes
    • F23J2900/01002Cooling of ashes from the combustion chamber by indirect heat exchangers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23JREMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2900/00Special arrangements for conducting or purifying combustion fumes; Treatment of fumes or ashes
    • F23J2900/01003Ash crushing means associated with ash removal means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a plant and to a method for the dry extraction and cooling of combustion residues coming from a combustion chamber, in particular for large quantities of heavy ashes originating, for example, from fossil fuel used in thermo-electric energy-producing plants.
  • the known cooling systems do not succeed in implementing, in an effective and efficient way, the dry cooling or mainly dry, cooling of the heavy ashes and the disposal of the latter and of the related cooling air, above all if such ashes are in large quantities and at high temperature.
  • the dry cooling or mainly dry, cooling of the heavy ashes and the disposal of the latter and of the related cooling air above all if such ashes are in large quantities and at high temperature.
  • even when such cooling and disposal are succeeded to be obtained they are achieved with considerable plant complications and with consequent very high implementation and handling costs.
  • the technical problem underlying and solved by the present invention is to provide a system and method for the dry extraction and cooling of combustion residues coming from a solid fuel combustion chamber which allow obviating to the drawbacks just mentioned with to reference to the known art.
  • the present invention provides some important advantages which will be appreciated in full in the light of the detailed description reported hereinafter.
  • the main advantage consists in that the invention allows, in case of coals with high ash content, to carry out an adequate and effective dry cooling of the ash itself without exceeding the above-mentioned limit of 1.0-1.5% of cooling air introduced in the combustion chamber from the bottom. Such advantage is particularly important in the above-mentioned case of coals with high content of heavy ashes.
  • the cooling air quantity introduced into the system can be adjusted based upon a combination of measures of ash quantity and/or temperature.
  • the present invention mainly relates to an additional cooling system for the dry extraction of heavy ashes produced by solid fuel boilers, apt to reduce the ash temperature.
  • the system mainly comprises, arranged subsequentially:
  • FIG. 1 shows a general layout exemplifying a first embodiment or preferred operation mode of the invention system, providing to send the cooling air coming from a gravitational air/ash exchanger into the fume duct associated to the combustion chamber, upstream of the air heater;
  • FIG. 2 shows a general layout exemplifying a second embodiment or preferred operation mode of the invention system, providing that the air coming from a gravity air/ash exchanger is moved by an auxiliary fan and discharged into the atmosphere;
  • FIG. 3 shows a general layout exemplifying a third embodiment or preferred operation mode of the invention system providing to send the cooling air coming from a gravity air/ashes exchanger into the fume duct associated to the combustion chamber, upstream of the dust removal system;
  • FIGS. 4 a and 4 b refer to the gravity air/ash exchanger of the previous figures equipped with an air-dosing system, showing a side view and a front view thereof, respectively.
  • a system for extracting and cooling combustion residues of the kind used for example in solid fossil fuel thermo-electric plants and according to a first preferred embodiment of the invention, is designated as a whole with 1 .
  • the system 1 is particularly suitable to handle large flow of heavy ashes, produced, for example by the combustion of coals or lignites with high content of ashes.
  • the system 1 Immediately downstream of the combustion chamber 100 , or better of a transition hopper 105 thereof, the system 1 provides a first extraction and/or transport unit, in particular a dry extractor 2 mainly made of steel with high thermal resistance.
  • a dry extractor 2 mainly made of steel with high thermal resistance.
  • Such extractor 2 is of an already known type and described for example in EP 0 252 967, herein incorporated by means of this reference.
  • the extractor 2 gathers the heavy ashes which precipitate downwards into the combustion chamber 100 through the transition hopper 105 mentioned above.
  • Extractor 2 at the side walls of its own casing, has a plurality of entrance holes for the outer cooling air, distributed in a substantially regular way along the development of the extractor 2 itself and each one designated with 13 .
  • Such entrances 13 preferably are equipped with means for regulating cooling air-flow, for example one or more gate valves, apt also to wholly interdict one or more selected entrances.
  • Cooling air is sucked through the entrances 13 inside the extractor 2 and in countercurrent with respect to the ashes' transportation because of the depression existing in the combustion chamber 100 . More in detail, the air enters thanks to the depression existing in the transition hopper 105 , on the bottom thereof there is a depression adjusted by the control system of the combustion chamber 100 (generally around 300-500 Pa under the atmospheric pressure). Such cooling air involving the extractor 2 enters then the boiler 100 from the bottom thereof.
  • the ashes Downstream of the extractor 2 the ashes are fed to a breaker or crusher 3 , which triturates the coarsest fractions thereof so as to increase the thermal exchange surface and thus to improve the potentials of such exchange and therefore the cooling process.
  • the ashes Downstream of the crusher 3 , the ashes are conveyed to a second extraction and/or transport unit, in particular a steel-belt conveyor-cooler 4 .
  • the ash continues to be cooled by means of air in countercurrent resucked from the outside through additional entrances 13 arranged onto the side walls of the conveyor 4 itself in a way analogous to what already illustrated for the first extractor 2 .
  • additional entrances 13 arranged onto the side walls of the conveyor 4 itself in a way analogous to what already illustrated for the first extractor 2 .
  • the air is resucked from the mentioned-above depression existing in the combustion chamber 100 and also such entrances can be equipped with means for flow—regulation of the already described kind.
  • cooling air involving such second conveyor 4 enters the boiler from the bottom thereof.
  • a duct for the passage for the cooling air, designated with 42 , can be provided between the conveyor 4 and the extractor 2 for the bypass of the crusher 3 .
  • the system 1 is equipped with a dry cooling system, implemented among other things by the air entrances 13 .
  • such cooling system Downstream of the second conveyor 4 such cooling system comprises an air/ash dry gravitational thermal exchanger, preferably of the plate-like type 19 , designated as a whole with 5 and shown in greater detail in the FIGS. 4 a - 4 b .
  • the plates 19 preferably are made of wear-resistant metal.
  • the system 1 can provide an additional crusher 10 , which can be selectively driven in case of need.
  • an additional cooling air entrance 17 is then provided, equipped with means for cooling air-flow regulation as well, of the already described kind.
  • the system 1 Downstream of the exchanger 5 the system 1 further provides a third extraction and/or transport unit, in particular a third conveyor 6 ending into a silo 11 for discharging the ashes for their disposal and/or possible reuse thereof.
  • a third extraction and/or transport unit in particular a third conveyor 6 ending into a silo 11 for discharging the ashes for their disposal and/or possible reuse thereof.
  • an additional air entrance 14 is provided, equipped with means for cooling air-flow regulation as well, of the already described type.
  • the system 1 then comprises means for sensing the temperature and/or volumetric and/or ponderal flow of the ashes which in the present example are arranged at the ending portion or the exhaust of the conveyor 4 and/or on the main extractor 2 or more preferably at the ashes' discharge at the conveyor 6 .
  • the system 1 further comprises control means, in communication with said sensor means and apt to control the cooling system mentioned above as well as the extraction and/or transport units 2 , 4 and B.
  • the system 1 then comprises feeding means apt to send part of the cooling air—and in particular the additional air introduced through the entrances 17 and 14 and which crosses the exchanger 5 —downstream of the ashes' cooling process, into the atmosphere or in a fume duct 101 associated to the combustion chamber 100 .
  • said additional air necessary to cool the ashes in the gravity air/ash exchanger 5 and introduced through the additional entrances 14 and 17 can follow three different paths depending upon the specific embodiment or considered construction configuration.
  • the cooling air introduced through the additional entrances 14 and 17 is resucked, downstream of the countercurrent crossing of the exchanger 5 , by the depression of the fume duct 101 upstream of an exchanger 102 associated to the boiler 100 .
  • Such exchanger 102 usually existing in the known systems, is used to pre-heat the combustion air. Said cooling air, heated by the ashes, is then sent in such exchanger 102 (fume side) and used for pre-heating the boiler combustion air.
  • said feeding means comprises then a duct 20 to connecting the entrance of the exchanger 5 with the fume duct 101 .
  • duct 20 must be selectively adjusted and however interdicted/enabled by means of an automatic valve 15 (or equivalent means) arranged along its development thereof.
  • the duct 20 then connects, or better is apt to connect, the exchanger 5 with the economizers' area of the combustion system, under negative pressure too with respect to the one of the exchanger 5 itself.
  • the air crosses a cyclone dust collector 7 arranged in line onto the duct 20 and apt to discharge said exceeding fine dusts onto the third conveyor 6 .
  • This configuration allows then an effective recovery of the heat ceased by the ash to the air during the contact time in the gravity air/ash exchanger 5 .
  • a valve with double clapet (not illustrated) or an equivalent pressure control means can be installed, for example a differential pressure transmitter measured upstream of and downstream of the entrance to the gravity air/ash exchanger 5 which, upon acting on the valve 15 of the duct 20 , brings the pressure difference back to zero.
  • the air flow entering the gravitational air/ash exchanger 5 that is in the present example the one fed into the system through the entrances 14 and 17 , can be adjusted by the above-mentioned control means based upon the ash temperature and/or quantity detected by the sensors mentioned above, also based upon thresholds which can be set selectively by an operator managing the system 1 .
  • the additional cooling air entering the gravitational exchanger 5 follows a path different from the one described by referring to the first embodiment.
  • the air instead of being sucked by the depression existing in the fume line 101 of the thermo-electric plant, is sucked by a dedicated fan 16 or by equivalent means along a duct 200 equipped with adjusting means 150 to analogous to those already described and then discharged into the atmosphere after having passed through a dedicated filter 9 arranged upstream of the fan 16 .
  • a fan work is necessary helping the air to cross at first the third conveyor belt 6 and then the gravity air/ash exchanger 5 .
  • the additional cooling air entering the exchanger 5 upon possible passage into the cyclone 7 mentioned above for the fines separation, is brought to a system for treating the combustion fumes 104 associated to the boiler 100 , by entering the fume duct 101 downstream of the air exchanger (heater) 102 mentioned above.
  • the duct of the above-mentioned feeding means has been designated with 201 and the related adjusting means with 151 .
  • FIGS. 1 , 2 and 3 can exist simultaneously in a same system as different operation modes, which can be activated depending upon the specific needs.
  • the system 1 has a great operating versatility and therefore the capability of handling even very large flow of ashes and this without the problems associated to the introduction of an excessive cooling air-flow from the bottom of the boiler 100 .
  • such versatility is obtained by allowing the controlled introduction of even very large quantities of cooling air and feeding the additional cooling air-flow (in particular the ratio exceeding 1.0-1.5% of the total combustion air) in the fume duct or outwards since it is not appropriate to introduce said air-flow in the boiler from its bottom.
  • the invention has also as object a method for extracting and dry cooling combustion residues as described so far with reference to the system 1 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
US12/438,125 2006-08-22 2006-08-22 Cooling system for the dry extraction of heavy ashes from boilers Abandoned US20100170425A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/IT2006/000626 WO2008023394A1 (en) 2006-08-22 2006-08-22 Cooling system for the dry extraction of heavy ashes from boilers

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20100170425A1 true US20100170425A1 (en) 2010-07-08

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US12/438,125 Abandoned US20100170425A1 (en) 2006-08-22 2006-08-22 Cooling system for the dry extraction of heavy ashes from boilers

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US20100170425A1 (es)
EP (1) EP2057415A1 (es)
JP (1) JP2010501822A (es)
CN (1) CN101506579A (es)
AU (1) AU2006347455A1 (es)
BR (1) BRPI0621955A2 (es)
CA (1) CA2661623A1 (es)
EA (1) EA014862B1 (es)
MX (1) MX2009001890A (es)
WO (1) WO2008023394A1 (es)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110226194A1 (en) * 2010-03-22 2011-09-22 Mooney Gary D Bottom Ash Dewatering System Using a Remote Submerged Scraper Conveyor
US20110286817A1 (en) * 2008-10-31 2011-11-24 Clyde Bergemann Drycon Gmbh Method and apparatus for the conveyance of material out of a combustion boiler
US20120183376A1 (en) * 2009-09-24 2012-07-19 Mario Magaldi System for extraction and transport of light ashes by means of a steel belt conveyor
US10399881B2 (en) 2016-12-14 2019-09-03 General Electric Company Methods and systems for separating solid particulates from waste water
US11135547B1 (en) * 2012-11-09 2021-10-05 Arkansas State University—Jonesboro Air cooled condensing heat exchanger system with acid condensate neutralizer

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008044709A1 (de) * 2008-08-28 2010-03-04 Clyde Bergemann Drycon Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Fördern von Verbrennungsrückständen
DE102008052085B4 (de) 2008-10-17 2020-06-18 Clyde Bergemann Dryc0N Gmbh Anlage mit einer Fördereinrichtung für Verbrennungskessel
IT1392240B1 (it) * 2008-12-12 2012-02-22 Magaldi Ind Srl Sistema di estrazione e raffreddamento per grandi portate di ceneri pesanti con incremento dell'efficienza.
FI122189B (fi) 2009-12-21 2011-09-30 Foster Wheeler Energia Oy Menetelmä ja järjestely lämmön talteenottamiseksi palamisprosessin pohjatuhkasta
CN104566407A (zh) * 2010-09-15 2015-04-29 任振伟 余热回收装置及包括该余热回收装置的干排渣锅炉
IT1405071B1 (it) * 2011-01-21 2013-12-16 Magaldi Power Spa Impianto e metodo di estrazione e raffreddamento di ceneri con incremento dell'efficienza complessiva di caldaia.
CN102679764B (zh) * 2012-06-05 2014-12-10 高玉宗 粉料悬浮冷却机
ITRM20120351A1 (it) * 2012-07-20 2014-01-21 Magaldi Ind Srl Impianto di trasporto a secco di scorie e/o materiali eterogenei.
ITRM20130029A1 (it) * 2013-01-18 2014-07-19 Magaldi Power Spa Impianto e metodo di estrazione e raffreddamento di ceneri con incremento dell'efficienza complessiva di caldaia.
CN106247346B (zh) * 2016-10-12 2018-09-28 桃江县博强再生资源有限公司 一种用于生活垃圾焚烧后炉渣回收处理系统
CN112503557B (zh) * 2020-11-13 2024-03-08 内蒙古蒙达发电有限责任公司 吸尘动力装置及吸尘系统
JP7642138B1 (ja) * 2024-08-07 2025-03-07 日鉄エンジニアリング株式会社 冷却装置、焼却装置、及び冷却方法

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GB2093961A (en) * 1981-01-09 1982-09-08 Bigwood Joshua & Son Ltd Solid fuel burners
US4476816A (en) * 1982-10-25 1984-10-16 Cannon Joseph N Staged cascade fluidized bed combustor
US5185134A (en) * 1988-12-21 1993-02-09 The United States Of America As Represented By The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Reduction of chlorinated organics in the incineration of wastes
US5255615A (en) * 1990-03-02 1993-10-26 Mario Magaldi System for discharging bottom ash from steam-producing boilers
US5501160A (en) * 1992-03-25 1996-03-26 Ormat Industries Ltd Method of and means for generating combustible gases from low grade fuel
US6230633B1 (en) * 1995-06-19 2001-05-15 Mario Magaldi Conveyor/cooler of loose materials
US7146915B2 (en) * 2002-02-21 2006-12-12 Magaldi Ricerche E Brevetti S.R.L. Extractor/cooler of loose materials through the use of conveyor belt equipped with bored and winged plates

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JP2895336B2 (ja) * 1993-01-29 1999-05-24 三菱重工業株式会社 高温灰搬送装置
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JPH09178149A (ja) * 1995-12-21 1997-07-11 Chugoku Electric Power Co Inc:The 石炭灰の含有未燃分低減装置系における石炭灰流動層燃焼装置及び粉体用混合物供給装置
IT1298162B1 (it) * 1998-01-15 1999-12-20 Magaldi Ricerche & Brevetti Apparecchiatura e metodo per la postcombustione di ceneri pesanti ad alto contenuto di incombusti
ITMI20020744A1 (it) * 2002-04-09 2003-10-09 Magaldi Ricerche & Brevetti Trasportatore raffreddore ad aria ed acqua di materiali caldi sfusi
ITMI20040225A1 (it) * 2004-02-12 2004-05-12 Magaldi Ricerche & Brevetti S R L Dispositivo di pre-frantumazione per un trasportatoe raffreddatore di materiali caldi sfusi caldi
ITMI20041371A1 (it) * 2004-07-09 2004-10-09 Magaldi Power Spa Sistema integrato di estrazione ceneri pesanti trasformazione delle stesse in ceneri leggere e riduzione degli incombusti
JP2006105485A (ja) * 2004-10-05 2006-04-20 Babcock Hitachi Kk 灰処理装置

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2093961A (en) * 1981-01-09 1982-09-08 Bigwood Joshua & Son Ltd Solid fuel burners
US4476816A (en) * 1982-10-25 1984-10-16 Cannon Joseph N Staged cascade fluidized bed combustor
US5185134A (en) * 1988-12-21 1993-02-09 The United States Of America As Represented By The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Reduction of chlorinated organics in the incineration of wastes
US5255615A (en) * 1990-03-02 1993-10-26 Mario Magaldi System for discharging bottom ash from steam-producing boilers
US5501160A (en) * 1992-03-25 1996-03-26 Ormat Industries Ltd Method of and means for generating combustible gases from low grade fuel
US6230633B1 (en) * 1995-06-19 2001-05-15 Mario Magaldi Conveyor/cooler of loose materials
US7146915B2 (en) * 2002-02-21 2006-12-12 Magaldi Ricerche E Brevetti S.R.L. Extractor/cooler of loose materials through the use of conveyor belt equipped with bored and winged plates

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110286817A1 (en) * 2008-10-31 2011-11-24 Clyde Bergemann Drycon Gmbh Method and apparatus for the conveyance of material out of a combustion boiler
US20120183376A1 (en) * 2009-09-24 2012-07-19 Mario Magaldi System for extraction and transport of light ashes by means of a steel belt conveyor
US20110226194A1 (en) * 2010-03-22 2011-09-22 Mooney Gary D Bottom Ash Dewatering System Using a Remote Submerged Scraper Conveyor
US9593850B2 (en) * 2010-03-22 2017-03-14 Clyde Bergemann, Inc. Bottom ash dewatering system using a remote submerged scraper conveyor
US11135547B1 (en) * 2012-11-09 2021-10-05 Arkansas State University—Jonesboro Air cooled condensing heat exchanger system with acid condensate neutralizer
US10399881B2 (en) 2016-12-14 2019-09-03 General Electric Company Methods and systems for separating solid particulates from waste water

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EA014862B1 (ru) 2011-02-28
WO2008023394A1 (en) 2008-02-28
AU2006347455A1 (en) 2008-02-28
EA200900335A1 (ru) 2009-06-30
BRPI0621955A2 (pt) 2011-12-20
JP2010501822A (ja) 2010-01-21
EP2057415A1 (en) 2009-05-13
MX2009001890A (es) 2009-06-08
CN101506579A (zh) 2009-08-12
CA2661623A1 (en) 2008-02-28

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