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US20100101767A1 - Heat pump type hot water supply apparatus - Google Patents

Heat pump type hot water supply apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US20100101767A1
US20100101767A1 US12/593,115 US59311508A US2010101767A1 US 20100101767 A1 US20100101767 A1 US 20100101767A1 US 59311508 A US59311508 A US 59311508A US 2010101767 A1 US2010101767 A1 US 2010101767A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
hot water
heat
side portion
water supply
stage side
Prior art date
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Abandoned
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US12/593,115
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English (en)
Inventor
Syuuji Furui
Mitsuharu Numata
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Daikin Industries Ltd
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Individual
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Assigned to DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD. reassignment DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FURUI, SYUUJI, NUMATA, MITSUHARU
Publication of US20100101767A1 publication Critical patent/US20100101767A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/0206—Heat exchangers immersed in a large body of liquid
    • F28D1/0213—Heat exchangers immersed in a large body of liquid for heating or cooling a liquid in a tank
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/02—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps
    • F24D11/0214—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system
    • F24D11/0228—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system combined with conventional heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/08—Hot-water central heating systems in combination with systems for domestic hot-water supply
    • F24D3/087—Tap water heat exchangers specially adapted therefore
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/18—Hot-water central heating systems using heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H4/00—Fluid heaters characterised by the use of heat pumps
    • F24H4/02—Water heaters
    • F24H4/04—Storage heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/047—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F28D1/0472—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits being helically or spirally coiled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/0034—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
    • F28F13/08—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by varying the cross-section of the flow channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/08—Electric heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/12—Heat pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
    • F24D2220/06—Heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
    • F24D2220/08—Storage tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
    • F24D2220/20—Heat consumers
    • F24D2220/209—Sanitary water taps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2240/00—Characterizing positions, e.g. of sensors, inlets, outlets
    • F24D2240/10—Placed within or inside of
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2240/00—Characterizing positions, e.g. of sensors, inlets, outlets
    • F24D2240/12—Placed outside of
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2240/00—Characterizing positions, e.g. of sensors, inlets, outlets
    • F24D2240/20—Placed at top position
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2240/00—Characterizing positions, e.g. of sensors, inlets, outlets
    • F24D2240/22—Placed at bottom position
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D2020/0065—Details, e.g. particular heat storage tanks, auxiliary members within tanks
    • F28D2020/0078—Heat exchanger arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2210/00—Heat exchange conduits
    • F28F2210/08—Assemblies of conduits having different features
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/12—Hot water central heating systems using heat pumps
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to heat pump type hot water supply apparatuses for heating water in a hot water tank by a heat pump unit and for heating, by the heated water in the hot water tank, water flowing through within a hot water supply heat exchanger placed in the hot water tank with a view to supplying hot water.
  • a heat pump type hot water supplier which includes a heat pump unit for heating water, and a hot water tank for storing hot water heated by the heat pump unit, to fulfill heating and hot water supply by utilizing the hot water stored in the hot water tank (see, e.g., JP 2006-329581 A).
  • heat pump type hot water supply apparatus is so designed that hot water stored in the hot water tank is outputted as it is
  • another heat pump type hot water supply apparatus is also available in which a hot water supply heat exchanger is placed within the hot water tank in terms of hygienics or the like so that hot water is outputted from a water supply port through the hot water supply heat exchanger.
  • a heat pump type hot water supply apparatus using a hot water supply heat exchanger has a problem that it is difficult to realize a hot water supply heat exchanger capable of fulfilling efficient heat exchange between the hot water within the hot water tank and the supplied hot water.
  • the present invention having been accomplished in view of these and other problems, an object thereof is to provide a heat pump type hot water supply apparatus, as well as a heating and hot water supply apparatus using the heat pump type hot water supply apparatus, which is capable of improving heat exchange efficiency of the hot water supply heat exchanger with a simple construction and supplying high-temperature hot water.
  • the present invention provides heat pump type hot water supply apparatuses having the following effective solutions.
  • the heat pump type hot water supply apparatus of the invention comprises:
  • a hot water tank for storing therein hot water heated by the heat-source side heat pump unit
  • supply hot water while being heated by heat exchange, flows from lower side toward upper side according to the temperature gradient within the hot water tank, so that there occurs no disturbance of the temperature distribution within the hot water tank, allowing a high heat exchange efficiency to be obtained.
  • lower-temperature water on the lower side in the hot water tank is heated by the heat pump unit, by which a COP (Coefficient Of Performance) of the heat pump unit can be improved.
  • the temperature gradient in the vertical direction within the hot water tank is increased as much as possible, so that heating performance as a hot water supply apparatus can be increased as much as possible.
  • the heat exchange performance of the lower-stage side portion higher than the heat exchange performance of the upper-stage side portion of the hot water supply heat exchanger, temperature increases in the hot water region on the lower side within the hot water tank is suppressed, by which the COP of the heat pump unit is further improved.
  • the heat exchange performance of the upper-stage side portion of the hot water supply heat exchanger higher than the heat exchange performance of the lower-stage side portion, the heat source in the upper-side higher-temperature region of hot water stored in the hot water tank can be effectively utilized for hot water supply while a large temperature gradient is provided in the vertical direction within the hot water tank.
  • the heat-source side heat pump unit having a radiative heat exchanger for condensing a refrigerant to radiate heat derived from the refrigerant;
  • a hot water supply unit including: the hot water tank in which water is stored; water circulation pipes which are communicated with bottom side and top side of the hot water tank and which allow water in the hot water tank to be circulated from the bottom side to the top side in a bypass state; an endothermic heat exchanger which is placed on way of the water circulation pipes and which is heat-absorbably coupled to the radiative heat exchanger of the heat-source side heat pump unit; and the hot water supply heat exchanger which is of an annular coil type and allows water to flow, from outside, in thereinto and out therefrom in a flow-through state, wherein
  • the water in the hot water tank is heated by the radiative heat exchanger of the heat-source side heat pump unit via the endothermic heat exchanger provided on the way of the water circulation pipes, while the water to be heated flowing within the hot water supply heat exchanger is heated by the water in the hot water tank.
  • water supplied from the bottom side of the hot water tank is heated by the radiative heat exchanger of the heat-source side heat pump unit via the endothermic heat exchanger on the way of the water circulation pipes and turned back to the top side of the hot water tank, by which a temperature gradient (higher temperature on the upper side and lower temperature on the lower side) in the vertical direction within the hot water tank can be easily provided.
  • inner-surface machined tubes are used for annular-coil heat transfer tubes of either one of the lower-stage side portion or the upper-stage side portion of the hot water supply heat exchanger, whereby a heat transfer rate of heat-transfer-tube part of either one of the lower-stage side portion or the upper-stage side portion is set higher than a heat transfer rate of the other of the lower-stage side portion and the upper-stage side portion.
  • cooling performance for the stored water of the annular-coil part in the lower-stage side portion of the hot water supply heat exchanger is improved by the high heat transfer performance of the inner-surface machined tubes, so that the temperature of the stored water in the lower-stage side portion is more easily lowered.
  • the temperature of the stored water flowing through within the hot-water-supply-unit side endothermic heat exchanger corresponding to the heat-pump-unit side radiative heat exchanger can be lowered to a corresponding extent, so that an effective temperature difference from the condensed refrigerant of the heat-pump-unit side radiative heat exchanger can be ensured.
  • annular-coil heat transfer tube of either one of the lower-stage side portion or the upper-stage side portion of the hot water supply heat exchanger are set smaller in inner diameter than an annular-coil heat transfer tube of the other portion so that a flow velocity of water flowing through inside the heat transfer tube of the either one is enhanced, whereby a heat transfer rate of heat-transfer-tube part of the either one of the lower-stage side portion or the upper-stage side portion is improved over a heat transfer rate of the other of the lower-stage side portion ( 10 b ) and the upper-stage side portion.
  • an annular-coil heat transfer tube in the lower-stage side portion of the hot water supply heat exchanger is smaller in inner diameter than an annular-coil heat transfer tube in the upper-stage side portion so that the flow velocity of fluid flowing through inside the heat transfer tube of the lower-stage side portion is higher than that of the upper-stage side portion, the heat transfer rate of heat-transfer-tube part of the lower-stage side portion is improved, by which the cooling performance (endothermic performance) for the stored water of the annular-coil part in the lower-stage side portion is improved, making the temperature of the stored water in the lower-stage side portion more easily lowered.
  • the temperature of the stored water flowing through within the hot-water-supply-unit side endothermic heat exchanger corresponding to the heat-pump-unit side radiative heat exchanger can be lowered to a corresponding extent, so that an effective temperature difference from the condensed refrigerant of the heat-pump-unit side radiative heat exchanger can be ensured.
  • annular-coil heat transfer tube in the upper-stage side portion of the hot water supply heat exchanger smaller in inner diameter than an annular-coil heat transfer tube in the lower-stage side portion so that the flow velocity of water flowing through inside the heat transfer tube of the upper-stage side portion is made higher, the heat transfer rate of heat-transfer-tube part of the annular coil in the upper-stage side portion is improved, so that the heat source of the higher-temperature region on the upper side in the hot water tank can be effectively utilized for hot water supply.
  • annular-coil winding pitch of either one of the lower-stage side portion or the upper-stage side portion of the hot water supply heat exchanger is set smaller than an annular-coil winding pitch of the other portion, whereby an annular-coil heat transfer area of the either one of the lower-stage side portion or the upper-stage side portion is set larger than an annular-coil heat transfer area of the other of the lower-stage side portion and the upper-stage side portion.
  • the annular-coil heat transfer area of the lower-stage side portion is larger than the annular-coil heat transfer area of the upper-stage side portion.
  • the temperature of the stored water flowing through within the hot-water-supply-unit side endothermic heat exchanger corresponding to the heat-pump-unit side radiative heat exchanger can be lowered to a corresponding extent, so that an effective temperature difference from the condensed refrigerant of the heat-pump-unit side radiative heat exchanger can be ensured.
  • the heat source of the higher-temperature region on the upper side in the hot water tank can be effectively utilized for hot water supply.
  • a lower part of the annular coil in the lower-stage side portion of the hot water supply heat exchanger gradually decreases in annular-coil outer diameter so as to be wound into a helical state.
  • a hypothetic bottom-face side opening surface of the annular coil of the lower-stage side portion is closed with the annular coil of the lower part converged downward.
  • the temperature of the stored water in the bottom portion is easily lowered, so that the temperature of the stored water flowing through within the hot-water-supply-unit side endothermic heat exchanger corresponding to the heat-pump-unit side radiative heat exchanger can be lowered more effectively.
  • a sufficiently effective temperature difference from the condensed refrigerant of the radiative heat exchanger can be ensured.
  • a lower part of the annular coil in the lower-stage side portion of the hot water supply heat exchanger gradually decreases in annular-coil outer diameter so as to be wound into a planar spiral state.
  • a hypothetic bottom-face side opening surface of the annular coil of the lower-stage side portion is closed with the annular coil of the lower part converged in a plan view.
  • the temperature of the stored water in the bottom portion is even more easily lowered, so that the temperature of the stored water flowing through within the hot-water-supply-unit side endothermic heat exchanger corresponding to the heat-pump-unit side radiative heat exchanger can be lowered more effectively.
  • a sufficiently effective temperature difference from the condensed refrigerant of the radiative heat exchanger can be ensured.
  • heat exchange performance of the lower-stage side portion of the hot water supply heat exchanger is set higher than heat exchange performance of the upper-stage side portion.
  • the cooling performance (endothermic performance) for the stored water in the lower-stage side portion of the vertically-extending annular-coil type hot water supply heat exchanger becomes higher than that of the upper-stage side portion, so that the temperature of the stored water in the lower-stage side portion is more easily lowered.
  • the temperature of the stored water flowing through within the hot-water-supply-unit side endothermic heat exchanger corresponding to the heat-pump-unit side radiative heat exchanger can be lowered to a corresponding extent, so that an effective temperature difference from the condensed refrigerant of the heat-pump-unit side radiative heat exchanger can be ensured.
  • the heat exchange efficiency of the hot water supply heat exchanger can be improved with a simple construction, making it implementable to realize a heat pump type hot water supply apparatus capable of supplying high-temperature hot water.
  • FIG. 1 is a view showing a construction of a heat pump type hot water supply apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line II-II of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 is a partial perspective view showing an internal structure of a main part of a heat exchanger within the hot water tank shown in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 4 is a view showing a construction of a heat pump type hot water supply apparatus according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a view showing a construction of a heat pump type hot water supply apparatus according to a third embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a view showing a construction of modification 2 of the heat pump type hot water supply apparatus according to the third embodiment
  • FIG. 7 is a view showing a construction of a heat pump type hot water supply apparatus according to a development example under discussion by the present inventor et al..
  • FIG. 8 is an explanatory view showing problems and solutions of the heat pump type hot water supply apparatus.
  • a hot water tank 1 and an endothermic heat exchanger 42 on a hot water supply unit side are connected to each other in a bypass state by two water circulation pipes, a lower-position side water circulation pipe 21 with a first water pump P 1 interposed thereon and a higher-position side water circulation pipe 22 .
  • Stored water W 0 at a bottom portion of the hot water tank 1 is supplied by the first water pump P 1 in a circulatory state to the endothermic heat exchanger 42 provided in correspondence to a radiation-side heat exchanger 41 on a heat pump unit 2 side so that the water is circulated for a specified time duration via the endothermic heat exchanger 42 to make the stored water W 0 heated to a desired temperature (e.g., around 85° C.)
  • a desired temperature e.g., around 85° C.
  • a heat transfer tube of a hot water supply heat exchanger 10 first enters from a top 1 a side of the hot water tank 1 straight to a bottom 1 b side, and then helically turns and extends from the bottom 1 b side toward the top 1 a side, thus being set up in a U-turn placement.
  • the heat transfer tube is formed into an annular coil structure with its diameter uniform in a vertical or up/down direction, as a whole.
  • water W 1 coming from an external water supply pipe 14 flows in a flow-through state into the heat transfer tube of the above structure, during which the water is effectively heated while flowing in the turning direction for prolonged time, resulting in hot water W 2 of the above-mentioned desired temperature that flows out through a hot water supply pipe 15 .
  • reference sign 30 denotes a radiator as a radiative heat exchanger for indoor space heating installed close to an indoor wall surface as an example.
  • a hot water inlet port of the radiator 30 is connected to the top 1 a of the hot water tank 1 via a hot water inlet pipe 32 , while the other hot water outlet port is connected to the bottom 1 b of the hot water tank 1 via a hot water outlet pipe 31 .
  • heat of the hot water introduced from the top 1 a side of the hot water tank 1 by a second water pump P 2 is radiated into the indoor space by the radiator 30 to fulfill effective heating action.
  • heating efficiency for the water W 0 to be heated increases more and more with increasing temperature differences between a condensed refrigerant and the water W 0 to be heated.
  • improvement target in the graph of FIG. 8 as an example, improve the vertical temperature distribution of water within the hot water tank 1 so that the temperature of water on the lower portion side in the hot water tank 1 is lowered as much as possible to enlarge the temperature gradient against the upper portion side temperature (see A 2 in FIG. 8 ).
  • FIG. 1 shows a construction of a heating and hot water supply apparatus using a heat pump type hot water supply apparatus according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • This heating and hot water supply apparatus is constituted by a hot water supply unit which includes a hot water tank 1 , a hot water supply heat exchanger 10 and an endothermic heat exchanger 42 ; a heat pump unit 2 which includes a compressor 3 , a radiative heat exchanger 41 , an expansion valve 5 and an endothermic heat exchanger 6 ; and a radiator 30 as an example of a heating terminal, and the like.
  • the hot water tank 1 has a longitudinally elongate cylindrical-shaped closed housing in which water W 0 is internally stored generally up to a vicinity of an upper end while the later-described hot water supply heat exchanger 10 is placed over a range from a top 1 a to a bottom 1 b.
  • the hot water supply heat exchanger 10 is so constructed that a heat transfer tube of a specified diameter is first inserted from the top 1 a side of the hot water tank 1 straight toward the bottom 1 b side and then, while being helically turned, extended in a coil form from the bottom 1 b side toward the top 1 a side so as to be in a U-turn placement, thus being formed into an annular coil structure as a whole with its diameter substantially constant vertically.
  • the hot water supply heat exchanger 10 is erectly housed in the hot water tank 1 , in which an annular-coil end portion of an upper-stage side portion 10 a of the hot water supply heat exchanger 10 is connected to the external hot water supply pipe 15 , while an upper end portion of the straight tube is connected to an external water supply pipe 14 .
  • water coming along the water supply pipe 14 after flowing down to a lower end portion of the straight tube, flows in a flow-through state from a lower-stage side portion 10 b of the annular coil toward the upper-stage side portion 10 a , while turning and taking prolonged time, where the water is heat-exchanged efficiently with the water W 0 contained in the hot water tank 1 during the flow within the annular coil so as to be increased in temperature (up to, e.g., around 85° C.).
  • the water is then taken out as hot water W 2 through the hot water supply pipe 15 , being offered for desired use.
  • annular coil (heat transfer tube) of the hot water supply heat exchanger 10 only a part of its lower-stage side portion 10 b ranging over a specified vertical length (e.g., five turns from below hatched in FIG. 1 ) is formed by such inner-surface machined tubes (inner-surface grooved tubes) as shown in FIG. 3 , in which helical recessed grooves 13 , 13 , . . . are formed in its inner circumferential surface so as to provide higher heat transfer performance than in the other part (upper stage side).
  • the other part (upper stage side) is formed by ordinary inner-surface plain tubes having no recessed grooves.
  • a baffle (baffle plate) 9 formed by a porous plate such as a punched plate is so placed as to, in a plan view, divide an interior of the hot water tank 1 diametrically into two as shown in FIG. 2 as an example and, in a side view, stretch from the top 1 a to the bottom 1 b of the hot water tank 1 as shown in FIG. 1 as an example.
  • the baffle 9 the hot water tank 1 is provided in a coupled structure of a pair of semi-cylindrical tanks having half-reduced lateral widths.
  • the heat pump unit 2 serves as a heat source for the water W 0 stored in the hot water tank 1 and includes a compressor 3 for compressing a refrigerant, a radiative heat exchanger 41 for condensing the compressed refrigerant to radiate heat, an expansion valve 5 for expanding the condensed refrigerant, and an endothermic heat exchanger 6 for evaporating the refrigerant and absorbing heat from the air.
  • the endothermic heat exchanger 42 is connected to the bottom 1 b side of the hot water tank 1 by the lower-position side water circulation pipe 21 , and moreover connected to the top 1 a side of the hot water tank 1 by the higher-position side water circulation pipe 22 .
  • the heated and temperature-increased stored water W 0 is made to flow back toward the top 1 a side of the hot water tank 1 through the higher-position side water circulation pipe 22 .
  • the water W 0 in the hot water tank 1 is heated to a specified temperature (e.g., around 85° C. as described above).
  • reference sign 30 denotes a radiator as a radiative heat exchanger for use of indoor space heating installed close to an indoor wall surface as an example.
  • the hot water inlet port of the radiator 30 is connected to the top 1 a of the hot water tank 1 via the hot water inlet pipe 32 , while the other hot water outlet port is connected to the bottom 1 b of the hot water tank 1 via the hot water outlet pipe 31 .
  • Heat of the hot water introduced from the top 1 a side of the hot water tank 1 by the second water pump P 2 as an example of a circulating pump is radiated into the indoor space by the radiator 30 with a view to fulfilling effective heating action.
  • an auxiliary heater 40 is mounted at a rather upper position on a trunk portion of the hot water tank 1 .
  • the auxiliary heater 40 is to be activated on to heat the stored water W 0 .
  • Water W 0 stored in the hot water tank 1 is circulated in a bypass state from bottom side to top side via the lower-position side water circulation pipe 21 , the higher-position side water circulation pipe 22 and the endothermic heat exchanger 42 so as to be heated to a desired temperature (around 85° C.) by the radiative heat exchanger 41 on the heat pump unit 2 side.
  • a desired temperature e.g. 42° C.
  • the hot water W 0 of high temperature (85° C.) on the upper portion side of the hot water tank 1 is introduced to the radiator 30 side, being circulated and radiated.
  • the heating efficiency increases more and more with increasing differences between the temperature of the condensed refrigerant in the radiative heat exchanger 41 and the temperature of the stored water W 0 introduced from the bottom 1 b side of the hot water tank 1 into the endothermic heat exchanger 42 . Therefore, for enhancement of the heating efficiency of the heat pump unit 2 , the temperature distribution of the stored water W 0 in the hot water tank 1 needs to be maintained at higher temperatures on the top 1 a side of the hot water tank 1 and as low temperatures as possible on the bottom 1 b side, as shown in the improvement example in FIG. 8 .
  • the water W 0 in the hot water tank 1 tends to be uniformized in its vertical temperature distribution due to temperature uniformization action by natural convection. Under this condition as it is, there is a limitation in enhancing the heating efficiency of the heat pump unit 2 .
  • the lower-stage side portion 10 b of the hot water supply heat exchanger 10 is formed by such inner-surface machined tubes (e.g., inner-surface grooved tubes) of particularly high heat transfer performance as shown in FIG. 3 .
  • inner-surface machined tubes e.g., inner-surface grooved tubes
  • the heat transfer rate associated with the stored water W 0 in the lower-stage side portion 10 b is improved by an increase of heat transfer area and by disturbance of flow of the water W 1 flowing inside the lower-stage side portion 10 b .
  • an amount of heat absorption (amount of heat removal) from the stored water W 0 on the lower portion side of the hot water tank 1 is increased, so that the water temperature of the stored water W 0 is suppressed low to an extent corresponding to an increase of the heat absorption amount.
  • the baffle 9 that extends longitudinally so as to divide the interior of the hot water tank 1 diametrically into two.
  • the hot water tank 1 becomes larger in aspect ratio artificially, facilitating the formation of temperature stratification (higher temperatures in upper layer portion and lower temperatures in lower layer portion) in the vertical direction within the hot water tank 1 , so that the uniformization of water temperatures within the hot water tank 1 is suppressed. Accordingly, the water temperature on the bottom 1 b side of the hot water tank 1 is maintained lower, making it possible to allow for a larger temperature difference between the condensed refrigerant in the radiative heat exchanger 41 on the heat pump unit 2 side and the stored water W 0 flowing inside the endothermic heat exchanger 42 .
  • the heating performance of the heat pump unit 2 is improved, so that the temperature of the stored water W 0 on the top 1 a side of the hot water tank 1 can be made even higher, allowing higher-temperature hot water W 2 to be taken out stably through the hot water supply pipe 15 by heat exchange of high efficiency with the high-temperature stored water W 0 .
  • the baffle 9 by the presence of the baffle 9 , the temperature stratification on the other-side semi-cylindrical portion becomes less easily disturbed even during the above-described heating operation.
  • radiator 30 the baffle 9 , the auxiliary heater 40 and the like for heating use in the above description are not necessarily essential components for the present invention and, needless to say, are given only for enhanced functions and generality of the invention.
  • supply hot water while being heated by heat exchange, flows from lower side toward upper side according to the temperature gradient within the hot water tank 1 . Accordingly, there occurs no disturbance of the temperature distribution within the hot water tank 1 so that a high heat exchange efficiency can be obtained. Further, with a large temperature gradient provided in the vertical direction within the hot water tank 1 , low-temperature water on the lower side in the hot water tank 1 is heated by the heat pump unit, by which the COP (Coefficient Of Performance) of the heat pump unit is improved. Thus, the temperature gradient in the vertical direction within the hot water tank 1 is increased as much as possible, so that heating performance as a hot water supply apparatus can be increased as much as possible.
  • COP Coefficient Of Performance
  • FIG. 4 shows a construction of a heating and hot water supply apparatus using a heat pump type hot water supply apparatus according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • This heating and hot water supply apparatus is basically similar in construction to the heating and hot water supply apparatus of the first embodiment, but differs therefrom in that a tube diameter of the lower-stage side portion 10 b of the hot water supply heat exchanger 10 is set thinner than a tube diameter of the other upper-stage side portion 10 a , whereas the heating and hot water supply apparatus of the first embodiment is so set that the entire range from the upper-stage side portion 10 a to the lower-stage side portion 10 b is equal in tube diameter.
  • the heating performance of the heat pump unit 2 is further improved so that the heating performance as a heat pump type hot water supply apparatus is further improved.
  • FIG. 5 shows a construction of a heating and hot water supply apparatus using a heat pump type hot water supply apparatus according to a third embodiment of the invention.
  • This heating and hot water supply apparatus is also similar in basic construction to the heating and hot water supply apparatus of the first embodiment.
  • the heating and hot water supply apparatus of the first embodiment is so set that the entire range from upper end to lower end of the hot water supply heat exchanger 10 is uniform in a coil-portion pitch as well as in an outer diameter of its heat-transfer-tube coil portion
  • the coil portion in this embodiment is formed in such a helical state that the pitch of the coil portion is smaller in the lower-stage side portion 10 b than in the upper-stage side portion 10 a and moreover the outer diameter of the coil portion is so reduced as to gradually decrease toward the lower end.
  • the heat transfer rate is improved by an increase of the heat transfer area due to compactness of the heat-transfer-tube coiled tube portion, so that the amount of heat absorption (amount of heat removal) from the stored water present on the lower-portion side of the hot water tank 1 is increased while the resulting high-density portion functions as a baffle of the vertical opening surface.
  • the amount of heat absorption (amount of heat removal) from the stored water present on the lower-portion side of the hot water tank 1 is increased while the resulting high-density portion functions as a baffle of the vertical opening surface.
  • the heat-transfer-tube coil portion is coiled with its outer diameter reduced so that the coil portion is given a baffle function
  • both pitch and outer diameter of its heat-transfer-tube coil portion are varied.
  • the pitch of the coiled pipes of the hot water supply heat exchanger 10 is set denser, making the heat exchange power enhanced, so that temperature increases in the hot water region on the lower side within the hot water tank 1 are suppressed.
  • a larger temperature gradient between upper portion and lower portion in the hot water tank 1 is provided, and the lower-temperature water on the lower side in the hot water tank 1 is heated by the heat pump unit 2 , so that the COP of the heat pump unit 2 can be improved.
  • the heat exchange performance on the lower-portion side can be enhanced, so that the water temperature on the bottom portion side of the hot water tank 1 can be lowered.
  • the heat exchange performance of the lower-stage side portion 10 b of the hot water supply heat exchanger 10 is set higher than the heat exchange performance of the upper-stage side portion 10 a .
  • the heat exchange performance of the upper-stage side portion of the hot water supply heat exchanger may be made higher than the heat exchange performance of the lower-stage side portion. In this case, while a larger temperature gradient is provided in the vertical direction within the hot water tank, the heat source in the upper-side higher-temperature region of hot water stored in the hot water tank can be effectively utilized.
  • the water that has flowed from the top portion of the hot water tank 1 is let to flow from lower side toward upper side of the hot water supply heat exchanger 10 .
  • water that has flowed in from the lower portion of the hot water tank may be supplied to the hot water supply heat exchanger.
  • the heat pump type hot water supply apparatus of this invention comprises: a heat-source side heat pump unit having a radiative heat exchanger 41 for condensing a refrigerant to radiate heat derived from the refrigerant; and a hot water supply unit composed of a hot water tank 1 for storing water W 0 therein, water circulation pipes 21 , 22 which are communicated with bottom 1 b side and top 1 a side of the hot water tank 1 and which circulate the water W 0 contained in the hot water tank 1 from the bottom 1 b side toward the top 1 a side in a bypass state, an endothermic heat exchanger 42 which is provided on way of the water circulation pipes 21 , 22 and which is heat-absorbably coupled to the radiative heat exchanger 41 of the heat-source side heat pump unit, and an annular coil type hot water supply heat exchanger 10 which extends from the top 1 a side toward the bottom 1 b side, as well as from the bottom 1 b side toward the top 1 a side, in the hot water tank 1 so as to
  • cooling performance for the stored water W 0 of the lower-stage side portion 10 b of the vertically-extending annular-coil type hot water supply heat exchanger 10 is higher than that of the upper-stage side portion, so that the temperature of the stored water W 0 in the lower-stage side portion 10 b is more easily lowered.
  • the temperature of the stored water W 0 flowing through within the hot-water-supply-unit side endothermic heat exchanger 42 corresponding to the heat-pump-unit side radiative heat exchanger 41 can be lowered to a corresponding extent, so that an effective temperature difference from the condensed refrigerant of the heat-pump-unit side radiative heat exchanger 41 can be ensured.
  • a high heat exchange performance part of the lower-stage side portion 10 b of the hot water supply heat exchanger 10 is formed with inner-surface machined tubes used for heat transfer tubes of the annular coil of the lower-stage side portion 10 b , so that the heat transfer rate of the heat transfer tube portion is improved.
  • the cooling performance (endothermic performance) for the stored water W 0 of the annular coil part of the lower-stage side portion 10 b of the hot water supply heat exchanger 10 is improved, so that the temperature of the stored water W 0 in the lower-stage side portion 10 b is more easily lowered.
  • the temperature of the stored water W 0 flowing through within the hot-water-supply-unit side endothermic heat exchanger 42 corresponding to the heat-pump-unit 2 side radiative heat exchanger 41 can be lowered to a corresponding extent, so that an effective temperature difference from the condensed refrigerant of the heat-pump-unit side radiative heat exchanger 41 can be ensured.
  • the heat pump type hot water supply apparatus of this invention is so constructed that the high heat exchange performance part of the lower-stage side portion 10 b of the hot water supply heat exchanger 10 is formed with the annular-coil heat transfer tubes of the lower-stage side portion 10 b smaller in inner diameter than the annular-coil heat transfer tubes of the upper-stage side portion 10 a , so that the flow velocity of the fluid flowing through inside the heat transfer tubes is made higher, allowing the heat transfer rate of the heat transfer tube part to be improved.
  • annular-coil heat transfer tubes of the lower-stage side portion 10 b of the hot water supply heat exchanger 10 are smaller in inner diameter than the annular-coil heat transfer tubes of the upper-stage side portion 10 a and since the flow velocity of the fluid flowing through inside the heat transfer tubes of the lower-stage side portion 10 b is higher than that of the upper-stage side portion 10 a , the heat transfer rate of the heat transfer tube part of the lower-stage side portion 10 b is improved.
  • cooling performance endothermic performance for the stored water W 0 of the annular coil part of the lower-stage side portion 10 b is improved, so that the temperature of the stored water W 0 in the lower-stage side portion 10 b is more easily lowered.
  • the temperature of the stored water W 0 flowing through within the hot-water-supply-unit side endothermic heat exchanger 42 corresponding to the heat-pump-unit side radiative heat exchanger 41 can be lowered to a corresponding extent, so that an effective temperature difference from the condensed refrigerant of the heat-pump-unit side radiative heat exchanger 41 can be ensured.
  • the heat pump type hot water supply apparatus of this invention is so constructed that the high heat exchange performance part of the lower-stage side portion 10 b of the hot water supply heat exchanger 10 is formed with the annular-coil winding pitch of the lower-stage side portion 10 b smaller than the annular-coil winding pitch of the upper-stage side portion 10 a , so that the heat transfer area of the annular coil of the lower-stage side portion 10 b is made larger than the heat transfer area of the annular coil of the upper-stage side portion 10 a.
  • the heat transfer area of the annular coil of the lower-stage side portion 10 b is larger than the heat transfer area of the annular coil of the upper-stage side portion 10 a .
  • the cooling performance (endothermic performance) for the stored water W 0 of the annular coil part of the lower-stage side portion 10 b is improved, so that the temperature of the stored water W 0 in the lower-stage side portion 10 b is more easily lowered.
  • the temperature of the stored water W 0 flowing through within the hot-water-supply-unit side endothermic heat exchanger 42 corresponding to the heat-pump-unit side radiative heat exchanger 41 can be lowered to a corresponding extent, so that an effective temperature difference from the condensed refrigerant of the heat-pump-unit side radiative heat exchanger 41 can be ensured.
  • the heat pump type hot water supply apparatus of this invention is so constructed that the lower part of the annular coil in the lower-stage side portion 10 b of the hot water supply heat exchanger 10 is made gradually decreasing in outer diameter so as to be coiled in a spiral state.
  • the temperature of the stored water W 0 of the bottom portion is even more easily lowered, so that the temperature of the stored water W 0 flowing through within the hot-water-supply-unit side endothermic heat exchanger 42 corresponding to the heat-pump-unit side radiative heat exchanger 41 can be lowered more effectively.
  • an effective temperature difference from the condensed refrigerant of the radiative heat exchanger 41 can be ensured.
  • the heat pump type hot water supply apparatus of this invention is so constructed that the lower part of the annular coil in the lower-stage side portion 10 b of the hot water supply heat exchanger 10 is coiled in a planar spiral state with the annular coil gradually decreasing in outer diameter.
  • the temperature of the stored water W 0 of the bottom portion is even more easily lowered, so that the temperature of the stored water W 0 flowing through within the hot-water-supply-unit side endothermic heat exchanger 42 corresponding to the heat-pump-unit 2 side radiative heat exchanger 41 can be lowered more effectively.
  • a sufficiently effective temperature difference from the condensed refrigerant of the radiative heat exchanger 41 can be ensured.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
  • Details Of Fluid Heaters (AREA)
US12/593,115 2007-03-27 2008-03-24 Heat pump type hot water supply apparatus Abandoned US20100101767A1 (en)

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JP2007-081210 2007-03-27
JP2007081210 2007-03-27
JP2008069674A JP4787284B2 (ja) 2007-03-27 2008-03-18 ヒートポンプ式給湯装置
JP2008-069674 2008-03-18
PCT/JP2008/055414 WO2008123185A1 (fr) 2007-03-27 2008-03-24 Appareil d'alimentation en eau chaude de type pompe à chaleur

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JP4787284B2 (ja) 2011-10-05
CN101627263A (zh) 2010-01-13
CN101627263B (zh) 2012-07-25
EP2136150A1 (fr) 2009-12-23
JP2008267792A (ja) 2008-11-06
WO2008123185A1 (fr) 2008-10-16

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