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US20060112702A1 - Energy efficient capacity control for an air conditioning system - Google Patents

Energy efficient capacity control for an air conditioning system Download PDF

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Publication number
US20060112702A1
US20060112702A1 US11/305,969 US30596905A US2006112702A1 US 20060112702 A1 US20060112702 A1 US 20060112702A1 US 30596905 A US30596905 A US 30596905A US 2006112702 A1 US2006112702 A1 US 2006112702A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
compressor
refrigerant
speed
evaporator
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US11/305,969
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
George Martin
Carol Galloway
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Modine Manufacturing Co
Original Assignee
Modine Manufacturing Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US11/130,576 external-priority patent/US20050257543A1/en
Application filed by Modine Manufacturing Co filed Critical Modine Manufacturing Co
Priority to US11/305,969 priority Critical patent/US20060112702A1/en
Publication of US20060112702A1 publication Critical patent/US20060112702A1/en
Assigned to MODINE MANUFACTURING COMPANY reassignment MODINE MANUFACTURING COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GALLOWAY, CAROL S., MARTIN, GEORGE
Priority to DE102006058165A priority patent/DE102006058165A1/de
Priority to CNA2006101684530A priority patent/CN1995847A/zh
Priority to FR0655580A priority patent/FR2894882A1/fr
Priority to JP2006340053A priority patent/JP2007168775A/ja
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F25B49/025—Motor control arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
    • B60H1/00378—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for tractor or load vehicle cabins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
    • B60H1/3205—Control means therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
    • B60H1/3205—Control means therefor
    • B60H1/322—Control means therefor for improving the stop or idling operation of the engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D29/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25D29/003—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for movable devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H2001/3236—Cooling devices information from a variable is obtained
    • B60H2001/3248—Cooling devices information from a variable is obtained related to pressure
    • B60H2001/325—Cooling devices information from a variable is obtained related to pressure of the refrigerant at a compressing unit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H2001/3236—Cooling devices information from a variable is obtained
    • B60H2001/3255—Cooling devices information from a variable is obtained related to temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H2001/3236—Cooling devices information from a variable is obtained
    • B60H2001/3255—Cooling devices information from a variable is obtained related to temperature
    • B60H2001/3261—Cooling devices information from a variable is obtained related to temperature of the air at an evaporating unit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H2001/3236—Cooling devices information from a variable is obtained
    • B60H2001/3255—Cooling devices information from a variable is obtained related to temperature
    • B60H2001/3263—Cooling devices information from a variable is obtained related to temperature of the refrigerant at an evaporating unit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H2001/3236—Cooling devices information from a variable is obtained
    • B60H2001/3266—Cooling devices information from a variable is obtained related to the operation of the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H2001/3269—Cooling devices output of a control signal
    • B60H2001/327—Cooling devices output of a control signal related to a compressing unit
    • B60H2001/3272—Cooling devices output of a control signal related to a compressing unit to control the revolving speed of a compressor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H2001/3269—Cooling devices output of a control signal
    • B60H2001/328—Cooling devices output of a control signal related to an evaporating unit
    • B60H2001/3282—Cooling devices output of a control signal related to an evaporating unit to control the air flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H2001/3286—Constructional features
    • B60H2001/3292—Compressor drive is electric only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/02—Compressor control
    • F25B2600/025—Compressor control by controlling speed
    • F25B2600/0253—Compressor control by controlling speed with variable speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/11—Fan speed control
    • F25B2600/111—Fan speed control of condenser fans
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/11—Fan speed control
    • F25B2600/112—Fan speed control of evaporator fans
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/21—Refrigerant outlet evaporator temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/19—Pressures
    • F25B2700/193—Pressures of the compressor
    • F25B2700/1931—Discharge pressures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/19—Pressures
    • F25B2700/193—Pressures of the compressor
    • F25B2700/1933—Suction pressures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2104—Temperatures of an indoor room or compartment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2115—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor
    • F25B2700/21151—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor at the suction side of the compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2115—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor
    • F25B2700/21152—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor at the discharge side of the compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2116—Temperatures of a condenser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2117—Temperatures of an evaporator
    • F25B2700/21171—Temperatures of an evaporator of the fluid cooled by the evaporator
    • F25B2700/21173—Temperatures of an evaporator of the fluid cooled by the evaporator at the outlet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2700/00—Means for sensing or measuring; Sensors therefor
    • F25D2700/12—Sensors measuring the inside temperature

Definitions

  • the invention relates to vehicle air conditioning systems, and in more particular applications to air conditioning systems for the sleeper cabs or compartments of large trucks.
  • auxiliary power units wherein a diesel engine rotates an automotive style AC compressor and an alternator DC/AC, and that interfaces with existing cab air handling and existing vehicle heating, venting and air conditioning (HVAC) cooling system; a generator set (GENSET) wherein a diesel engine powers a generator providing AC electric for use in a vehicle; 120 AC electricity, shore power wherein the truck stop provides electrical outlets; and auxiliary batteries wherein additional batteries are added for the vehicle for use by a sleeper HVAC system.
  • HVAC heating, venting and air conditioning
  • a method if provided for operating a vapor compression air conditioning system for a sleeper compartment of a truck including a variable speed compressor for pressurizing a refrigerant, a condenser, an evaporator, and a variable speed blower for directing an air flow through the evaporator.
  • the method includes the steps of:
  • step d adjusting the speed of the blower based on the monitoring of step d).
  • step e) includes adjusting a voltage to the variable speed compressor.
  • step f) includes adjusting a voltage to the variable speed blower.
  • step e) includes comparing the air temperature out of the evaporator to a dew point.
  • step e) includes comparing the sleeper compartment temperature to a set temperature. In a further feature, step e) further includes comparing the air temperature out of the evaporator to the set temperature. In yet a further feature, step e) further includes comparing the air temperature out of the evaporator to a dew point.
  • step f) includes comparing the super heat of the refrigerant to a check value.
  • the step e) includes comparing the discharge pressure to a check value.
  • the method further includes:
  • step g adjusting the speed of a condenser fan based on the monitoring of step g).
  • an air conditioning system for use in cooling a sleeper compartment of a truck.
  • the system includes a refrigerant flow path; a variable speed compressor to pressurize a refrigerant in the refrigerant flow path; a condenser in the refrigerant flow path downstream from the compressor; an evaporator in the refrigerant flow path downstream from the condenser; a variable speed blower configured to direct an air flow through the evaporator to cool the sleeper compartment; a plurality of sensors to monitor the air temperature of the sleeper compartment, the temperature of the air flow out of the evaporator, the refrigerant discharge pressure of the compressor; and the super heat of the refrigerant in the refrigerant flow path; and a controller connected to the sensors and the compressor and blower, the controller configured to selectively adjust the speed of the compressor and the blower based on signals received from the plurality of sensors.
  • the controller is configured to adjust the speed of the compressor based on a signal indicating the air temperature of the sleeper compartment.
  • the controller is configured to adjust the speed of the compressor based on a signal indicating the temperature of the air flow exiting the evaporator.
  • the controller is configured to adjust the speed of the compressor based on a signal indicating the discharge pressure of the compressor.
  • the controller is configured to adjust the speed of the compressor based on a signals indicating the air temperature of the sleeper compartment, the temperature of the air flow exiting the evaporator, and the discharge pressure of the compressor.
  • the controller is configured to adjust the speed of the blower based on a signal that indicates the super heat of the refrigerant.
  • the system further includes a variable speed condenser fan configured to direct an air flow through the condenser, and the controller is configured to adjust the speed of the fan based on a signal indicating the sub-cooling of the refrigerant.
  • a method if provided for operating a vapor compression air conditioning system for a sleeper compartment of a truck including a variable speed compressor for pressurizing a refrigerant, a condenser, an evaporator, and a variable speed blower for directing an air flow through the evaporator.
  • the method includes the steps of:
  • step a) further includes adjusting the speed of the compressor based on the air temperature in the sleeper compartment.
  • the method further includes the step of adjusting the speed of a variable speed condenser fan based on the sub-cooling of the refrigerant.
  • an air conditioning system for use in cooling a sleeper compartment of a truck.
  • the system includes a refrigerant flow path; a variable speed compressor to pressurize a refrigerant in the refrigerant flow path; a condenser in the refrigerant flow path downstream from the compressor; an evaporator in the refrigerant flow path downstream from the condenser; a variable speed blower configured to direct an air flow through the evaporator to cool the sleeper compartment; and a controller configured to selectively adjust the speed of the compressor and the blower based on signals indicating the temperature of the air flow out of the evaporator, the refrigerant discharge pressure out of the compressor, and the super heat of the refrigerant.
  • system of further includes a variable speed fan configured to direct an air flow through the condenser, and wherein the controller is configured to adjust the speed of the fan based on a signal indicating the sub-cooling of the refrigerant.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of an air conditioning system embodying the present invention for use in cooling a sleeper cab or compartment of a truck;
  • FIG. 2 is an electrical control schematic for the system of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating the non-idling cooling requirements of a sleeper compartment of a truck in which the system of FIG. 1 can be used;
  • FIG. 4 is a control algorithm for the system of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 5 is a side elevation view of a truck in which the system of FIG. 1 can be used;
  • FIG. 6 is a graph showing certain temperatures associated with the truck of FIG. 5 during certain non-idle conditions
  • FIG. 7 is a table showing the weights of a test system built according to the invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a graph showing the test results of a test system embodying the present invention.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 are graphs of input watts and cooling watts versus condenser ambient for a system embodying the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a graph showing cooling capacity versus compression ratio for a system embodying the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a table comparing certain system parameters of a system embodying the present invention.
  • the invention provides an electrically driven, hermetic, vapor compression A/C system 10 that will maintain comfortable temperatures in a vehicle, shown schematically at 12 , without operating the main engine by utilizing an electronic control scheme or controller 14 that efficiently matches the cooling output to the cooling requirements.
  • Wind tunnel tests were run on a typical class H sleeper cab 16 and some additional computer calculations were done to determine the cooling requirements for the cab 16 . The results are shown in FIG. 3 of this application.
  • the system 10 according to the invention matches or attempts to match the cooling requirements exactly in order to operate the A/C system 10 in the most efficient manner.
  • This system 10 consists of selected air conditioning components and sensors that can be controlled to deliver cooling capacity as required while minimizing the power consumed.
  • the system 10 includes a compressor 20 , a compressor controller 21 , a condenser fan 22 , and an evaporator blower 24 , all of which are continuously variable speed.
  • the system 10 further preferably includes a condenser 26 , a pressure reduction device 28 , such as an expansion valve, thermostatic expansion valve, orifice tube, and preferably an electronically controlled expansion valve 28 , and an evaporator 30 , all connected in series in a refrigerant flow path 32 with the compressor 20 .
  • the sensors used to determine the control operation are shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 1 which shows sensors 34 and 36 for monitoring the compressor discharge temperature T 1 and compressor discharge pressure P 1 , respectively, sensors 38 and 40 for monitoring the compressor suction temperature T 2 and compressor suction pressure P 2 , respectively, sensor 42 for monitoring the expansion valve inlet temperature T 3 , sensor 44 for monitoring the expansion valve outlet temperature T 4 , sensor 46 for monitoring the evaporator air outlet temperature T 5 , and sensor 47 for monitoring the vehicle interior temperature T 6 , which is preferably the interior temperature of the sleeper compartment 16 of the vehicle 12 .
  • Sensors 48 and 49 are also included to monitor the ambient dry bulb and the ambient relative humidify, respectively.
  • An operator control 50 is also provided and is connected to the controller 14 , as are the previously described sensors.
  • the controller 14 will preferably include a printed circuit board having a control algorithm which will be described later.
  • the system 10 is powered by a battery pack 52 when in non-idle mode, and by a vehicle alternator 54 , battery 56 , and charger/converter 58 when in idle mode.
  • the charger/converter 58 converts 120 volt AC to 24 volt DC for unit and auxiliary battery charging.
  • the system controller 14 preferably operates off of 12 volt DC, while the variable speed compressor 20 , condenser fan 22 , and evaporator blower 24 operate off of 24 volt DC. Further, while it has not been shown, an electronically controlled expansion valve 28 could be connected in the Electronic Control Schematic in the same fashion as the compressor 20 , condenser fan 22 , and evaporator blower 24 .
  • FIG. 4 shows a System Algorithm Diagram that is used by the electronic controller. It should be noted that the values of various checking parameters shown represent a current best guess for a particular system, but can easily be changed in order to optimize the system and control scheme for each particular application. Accordingly, it should be understood that the values for the adjustments to the Set temperatures for the Sleeper Temperature and for the Evaporator Out Temperature, the adjustment to the Dew Point for the Evaporator Out Temperature versus Dew Point comparison, the check pressure value for the compressor discharge pressure (P 1 ), the check values for the subcooling (SC), and the check values for the superheat (SH) may all be adjusted to optimize each particular system dependent upon the particular components and parameters associated with each system.
  • P 1 the check pressure value for the compressor discharge pressure
  • SC subcooling
  • SH superheat
  • controller 14 is configured to adjust the speed of the compressor 20 , the fan 22 , and the blower 24 based on the air temperature in the sleeper compartment 16 , the temperature of the air flow out of the evaporator 30 , the discharge pressure P 1 of the compressor 20 , the subcooling of the refrigerant, and the superheat of the refrigerant.
  • the controller preferably adjusts the speed of the compressor 20 , via an increase or decrease in the voltage to the compressor 20 , based upon the sleeper temperature in comparison to a set temperature, the temperature of the air flow out of the evaporator 30 in comparison to the set temperature, the temperature of air flow out of the evaporator 30 in comparison to the dew point, and the discharge pressure P 1 out of the compressor 20 in comparison to a check pressure.
  • the controller 14 adjusts the speed of the blower 24 , via an increase or decrease in the voltage to the blower 24 , based upon the super heat of the refrigerant in comparison to a check value, and adjusts the speed of the fan 22 , via an increase or decrease in the voltage to the fan, based on the sub-cooling of the refrigerant in comparison to a check value.
  • control of certain system components appears to be more critical to the goal of minimizing power consumption.
  • the control of the compressor voltage appears to have the highest order effect on power consumption, followed by the control of the blower voltage, and then last by the control of the fan voltage.
  • the algorithm would be changed by simply eliminating the checks of the sub-cooling (SC) and the associated commands to either increase or decrease the fan voltage.
  • SC sub-cooling
  • a system built and controlled according to the invention was installed in a test bed vehicle and performance tested in a wind tunnel.
  • the test bed vehicle was a Class 8 heavy truck, as shown in FIG. 5 , which included a cab width of 6.5 feet, a sleeper width of 7.9 feet, a front windshield area of 6.8 square feet, a sleeper window of 3.3 square feet, a sleeper body of 5.9 feet length by 6.5 foot width by 9.8 foot height with almost no insulation in the walls.
  • the test unit included a compressor 20 , a condenser fan 22 , and an evaporator blower 24 that were continuously variable.
  • a manually controlled expansion valve 28 was used rather than an electronically controlled expansion valve.
  • the test system 10 was built as a module that was 24 inches wide by 24 inches high by 16 inches deep and was installed beneath the sleeper bed. The weights of the system components are shown in FIG. 7 .
  • the vehicle cooling load requirements shown in FIG. 3 were generated, at least in part, from the wind tunnel testing of the test vehicle, the results of which are shown in FIG. 6 for overnight cool down after the end of engine idle.
  • the peak in the cooling requirements is a result of the engine heat (represented by the engine oil temperature and radiator top tank temperature), which heats the interior of the cab and sleeper during the initial non-idle time period.
  • the results of this testing were then built into a simulation computer model, which generated an accurate comparison between the simulation results and the test results.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 show the results from initial tests that were done to help determine the most efficient operating points for the system. Further in this regard, FIG. 11 shows the effect of compressor compression ratio on capacity, and FIG. 12 is a table that relates the pressure ratio to amps, superheat, the suction pressure of the compressor 20 , and the discharge pressure of the compressor 20 and provides an indication of how to control the system 10 to get better battery life.
  • the advantages of this invention include the proper selection of controllable components, and the controls that efficiently match the system output to the requirements thereby minimizing power consumption.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
US11/305,969 2004-05-18 2005-12-19 Energy efficient capacity control for an air conditioning system Abandoned US20060112702A1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/305,969 US20060112702A1 (en) 2004-05-18 2005-12-19 Energy efficient capacity control for an air conditioning system
DE102006058165A DE102006058165A1 (de) 2005-12-19 2006-12-09 Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Klimaanlage und Klimaanlage
CNA2006101684530A CN1995847A (zh) 2005-12-19 2006-12-13 空调系统的能量效能控制
FR0655580A FR2894882A1 (fr) 2005-12-19 2006-12-18 Procede et systeme de climatisation pour un compartiment couchette d'un camion
JP2006340053A JP2007168775A (ja) 2005-12-19 2006-12-18 空調システムのための省エネ容量制御

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US57265404P 2004-05-18 2004-05-18
US11/130,576 US20050257543A1 (en) 2004-05-18 2005-05-17 Energy efficient capacity control for an air conditioning system
US11/305,969 US20060112702A1 (en) 2004-05-18 2005-12-19 Energy efficient capacity control for an air conditioning system

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US9568209B2 (en) 2013-04-30 2017-02-14 Eaton Corporation System and method for controlling output flow of parallel connected blowers
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EP3787916A4 (de) * 2018-05-03 2022-02-23 Paccar Inc Systeme und verfahren zum erwärmen und kühlen eines fahrzeuges mittels einer wärmepumpe
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US12516855B2 (en) 2022-10-27 2026-01-06 Supercritical Storage Company, Inc. High-temperature, dual rail heat pump cycle for high performance at high-temperature lift and range
US12331664B2 (en) 2023-02-07 2025-06-17 Supercritical Storage Company, Inc. Waste heat integration into pumped thermal energy storage
US20240361057A1 (en) * 2023-04-25 2024-10-31 Atieva, Inc. Controlling vapor compression cooling in a thermal system

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JP2007168775A (ja) 2007-07-05
CN1995847A (zh) 2007-07-11
DE102006058165A1 (de) 2007-07-05

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