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US20040238397A1 - Biological hazard protection store and collective bag - Google Patents

Biological hazard protection store and collective bag Download PDF

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Publication number
US20040238397A1
US20040238397A1 US10/855,561 US85556104A US2004238397A1 US 20040238397 A1 US20040238397 A1 US 20040238397A1 US 85556104 A US85556104 A US 85556104A US 2004238397 A1 US2004238397 A1 US 2004238397A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
bag
collective
hazard protection
biological hazard
vent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/855,561
Inventor
Hsiu-Chen Yu
Chin-Liang Lin
Cheng-Ping Chang
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Council of Labor Aff
Kang Ning Junior College of Medical Care and Management
Spring Environment Biotech Inc
Original Assignee
Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Council of Labor Aff
Kang Ning Junior College of Medical Care and Management
Spring Environment Biotech Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Council of Labor Aff, Kang Ning Junior College of Medical Care and Management, Spring Environment Biotech Inc filed Critical Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Council of Labor Aff
Assigned to SPRING ENVIRONMENT BIOTECH INC., INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATION SAFETY AND HEALTH, LIN, CHIN-LIANG reassignment SPRING ENVIRONMENT BIOTECH INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CHANG, CHENG-PING, LIN, CHIN-LIANG, YU, HSIU-CHEN
Publication of US20040238397A1 publication Critical patent/US20040238397A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D33/00—Details of, or accessories for, sacks or bags
    • B65D33/01—Ventilation or drainage of bags
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B50/00—Containers, covers, furniture or holders specially adapted for surgical or diagnostic appliances or instruments, e.g. sterile covers
    • A61B50/30—Containers specially adapted for packaging, protecting, dispensing, collecting or disposing of surgical or diagnostic appliances or instruments
    • A61B50/36—Containers specially adapted for packaging, protecting, dispensing, collecting or disposing of surgical or diagnostic appliances or instruments for collecting or disposing of used articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D33/00—Details of, or accessories for, sacks or bags
    • B65D33/16—End- or aperture-closing arrangements or devices
    • B65D33/18—End- or aperture-closing arrangements or devices using adhesive applied to integral parts, e.g. to flaps
    • B65D33/20—End- or aperture-closing arrangements or devices using adhesive applied to integral parts, e.g. to flaps using pressure-sensitive adhesive
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B50/00—Containers, covers, furniture or holders specially adapted for surgical or diagnostic appliances or instruments, e.g. sterile covers
    • A61B50/30—Containers specially adapted for packaging, protecting, dispensing, collecting or disposing of surgical or diagnostic appliances or instruments
    • A61B2050/314—Flexible bags or pouches

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a biological hazard protection store and collective bag, particularly to a store and collective bag that has a medical grade filter screen installed inside the bag and a plurality of airtight sealing strips to seal the bag opening.
  • the conventional bag used for collecting contaminative wastes usually has reserved a plastic string and a channel through which the plastic string is pulled to tighten the opening of the collecting bag.
  • the user would squeeze on the wastes contained inside the bag, which would cause vibration to the contaminative wastes in the bag.
  • the gasified aerosol which contains bacteria and other pathogens would burst out of the opening of the collecting bag with airflow and spread to the ambient environment.
  • the gasified pathogens are often sucked through conventional indoor air conditioner to the central system, resulting in air-borne contamination inside a hospital, especially those stubborn pathogens, such as pulmonary tuberculosis bacillus. In a warm and humid weather, the pathogens staying inside the central air condition system will survive and proliferate drastically when the air conditioning system of a hospital is operating at reduced capacity at nighttime or on holidays.
  • the gasified aerosol will flow around inside the ward and land on the entire item surface in the ward, including the body and the clothing of medical stuff. Consequently, the aerosol on these surfaces may be a source of iatrogenic infection contamination.
  • a medical grade filter screen is installed inside the collecting bag to enable free airflow into and out of the bag, and effectively filtering and arresting of the pathogens inside the bag, so that the bag is capable of effectively preventing virus contamination during handling and stacking processes of the biological hazard waste.
  • FIG. 1 is the schematic drawing of biological hazard protection store and collective bag of the invention comprising a vent filter device attached on the inside bag wall.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross sectional drawing to the vent filter device shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a partial schematic drawing to another embodiment of biological hazard protection store and collective bag of the invention comprising another kind of vent filter device attached on the inside bag wall different from that of vent filter device shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross sectional drawing to the vent filter device shown in FIG. 3.
  • the present invention of biological hazard protection store and collective bag 10 is consisted of a bag unit 20 and a vent filter device 30 that is installed on an inside of the bag wall of the bag unit 20 .
  • Two or more layers of the opening of the bag unit 20 are folded inwardly.
  • On the surface of the inner layer of bag opening is the formation of a plurality of airtight sealing strips 25 .
  • the opening of the bag unit 20 can be hermetically sealed.
  • the fastened airtight sealing strips 25 of the bag unit 20 will not burst due to the large pressure in the bag unit 20 .
  • the bag unit 20 may be made from the materials capable of withstanding high heat steaming sterilization process.
  • the bag unit 20 may be made of linear high density PE for further making autoclave process.
  • vent filter device 30 has two examples of embodiment.
  • the vent filter device 30 illustrated in the first embodiment has a base 31 attached on the inside bag wall of the bag unit 20 .
  • the surface of the base 31 is protruded to form a vent tube 34 .
  • a layer of medical grade filter screen 32 is attached to, or monolithically formed with the rear surface of the base 31 .
  • the medical grade filter screen 32 serves the filter function to filter and hermetically arrest germs or pathogens inside the bag unit 20 . Thereby, the air coming out of the vent filter device 30 , even if it carries a bad smell, is free from germs or pathogens and will not contaminate ambient environment.
  • the present invention has a sealing cap 35 that is used to seal the vent tube 34 on the vent filter device 30 , keeping the bad odor of the contaminative wastes from coming out of the biological hazard protection store and collective bag 10 .
  • vent filter device 30 Another embodiment of the present invention of vent filter device 30 is illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • a layer of medical grade filter screen 32 is directly pasted over, or monolithically formed with the wall of the bag unit 20 , to completely cover the air channels 26 on the bag unit 20 .
  • air channels 26 air can flow into or out of the bag unit 20 .
  • the medical grade filter screen 32 serves to filter and arrest germs or pathogens inside the bag unit 20 .
  • FIG. 4 shows, as in FIG. 4, an additional water-resistant vent layer 33 installed on the inside of the medical grade filter screen 32 , the side in contact with the contaminant, to resist water while allowing air to pass through, so that gases may pass through the water-resistant vent layer 33 , and be filtered by the medical grade filter screen 32 .
  • water-absorbent materials (not drawn) are spread inside the bag unit 20 to absorb contaminative liquids, such as blood, water, and the like. Because of the foregoing features, the present invention of biological hazard protection store and collective bag 10 is free from the sophisticated procedures as found in conventional type of collecting bags that require an outside bag to contain an inside bag to achieve the purposes of biological protection against hazards and contamination.
  • the present invention of biological hazard protection store and collective bag 10 is suitable for applications in hospitals, medical institutions, labs, and animal farms, and can be used as sealing bags to contain forensic evidences and nuclear wastes.
  • the user can quickly and hermetically seal the opening of the bag unit 20 simply by fastening the airtight sealing strips 25 on the opening of the bag unit 20 .
  • the vent filter device 30 on the bag unit 20 will perform its job to filter and completely arrest germs and pathogens inside the bag unit 20 while air flows into and out of the bag unit 20 .
  • the opening fastened by the airtight sealing strips 25 will not be busted by heavy stacking weight, thereby achieving effective protection against virus infection and contamination.
  • high heat sterilization by steaming process can be performed on the bag unit 20 to achieve the purpose of thorough sterilization.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Bag Frames (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)

Abstract

An innovated structure of biological protection collecting bag, having a medical grade filter screen installed inside the collecting bag, allowing free air flow into and out of the bag, thereby completely filtering and arresting pathogens inside the bag. Meanwhile, the bag opening is sealed by a plurality of airtight sealing strips, so the user can quickly and hermetically seal the bag without having to squeeze on the collecting bag, thereby effectively preventing pathogens from contaminating the ambient environment during handling and stacking processes.

Description

    BACKGROUND OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
  • 1. Field of the Present Invention [0001]
  • The present invention relates to a biological hazard protection store and collective bag, particularly to a store and collective bag that has a medical grade filter screen installed inside the bag and a plurality of airtight sealing strips to seal the bag opening. [0002]
  • 2. Description of Prior Act [0003]
  • The conventional bag used for collecting contaminative wastes usually has reserved a plastic string and a channel through which the plastic string is pulled to tighten the opening of the collecting bag. To facilitate convenient tying of the bag opening, the user would squeeze on the wastes contained inside the bag, which would cause vibration to the contaminative wastes in the bag. In this squeezing process, the gasified aerosol which contains bacteria and other pathogens would burst out of the opening of the collecting bag with airflow and spread to the ambient environment. Particularly, the gasified pathogens are often sucked through conventional indoor air conditioner to the central system, resulting in air-borne contamination inside a hospital, especially those stubborn pathogens, such as pulmonary tuberculosis bacillus. In a warm and humid weather, the pathogens staying inside the central air condition system will survive and proliferate drastically when the air conditioning system of a hospital is operating at reduced capacity at nighttime or on holidays. [0004]
  • Also, the gasified aerosol will flow around inside the ward and land on the entire item surface in the ward, including the body and the clothing of medical stuff. Consequently, the aerosol on these surfaces may be a source of iatrogenic infection contamination. [0005]
  • No matter how the bag opening is sealed, the conventional type of contaminative waste collecting bag could not serve hermetic sealing purpose nor prevent outflow of air and subsequent contamination. Especially, when the collecting bags are stacked on each other, the contaminated air which contain aerosol inside the bag is squeezed out of the bag by stacking weight, resulting in further contamination on the ambient environment. [0006]
  • In view of the foregoing shortcomings, it has become an imperative issue to make improvement on the sealing performance and infection containment of contaminative waste collecting bags, so as to facilitate risk-free handling, allowing free airflow into and out of the collecting bag, and arrest pathogens inside the bag to prevent further contamination spread out. [0007]
    • SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
  • It is an objective of the present invention to provide a type of biological hazard protection store and collective bag, having a plurality of airtight sealing strips provided at the opening of the store and collective bag with the aid of slider, to achieve the purpose of quick sealing without having to squeeze on the collecting bag. Importantly, a medical grade filter screen is installed inside the collecting bag to enable free airflow into and out of the bag, and effectively filtering and arresting of the pathogens inside the bag, so that the bag is capable of effectively preventing virus contamination during handling and stacking processes of the biological hazard waste. [0008]
  • It is a second objective of the present invention to provide a biological protection collecting bag, having an additional water-resistant vent layer installed on the inside of the medical grade filter screen to resist water but allow free airflow, so that when the biological protection collecting bag is used to contain liquid contaminants, there is no need for the sophisticated procedure to contain one bag with another outside bag, thereby preventing further contamination from liquid contaminants and effectively prevent virus infection and contamination during handling and stacking processes.[0009]
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES
  • FIG. 1 is the schematic drawing of biological hazard protection store and collective bag of the invention comprising a vent filter device attached on the inside bag wall. [0010]
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross sectional drawing to the vent filter device shown in FIG. 1. [0011]
  • FIG. 3 is a partial schematic drawing to another embodiment of biological hazard protection store and collective bag of the invention comprising another kind of vent filter device attached on the inside bag wall different from that of vent filter device shown in FIG. 1. [0012]
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross sectional drawing to the vent filter device shown in FIG. 3.[0013]
    • DETAILED DESCRITION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
  • As shown in FIG. 1, the present invention of biological hazard protection store and [0014] collective bag 10 is consisted of a bag unit 20 and a vent filter device 30 that is installed on an inside of the bag wall of the bag unit 20.
  • Two or more layers of the opening of the [0015] bag unit 20 are folded inwardly. On the surface of the inner layer of bag opening is the formation of a plurality of airtight sealing strips 25. By fastening the airtight sealing strips 25, the opening of the bag unit 20 can be hermetically sealed. When the bag unit 20 is subjected to a large pressure, since the bag opening of the bag unit 20 is folded inwardly, the folded-in flap of the opening becomes the point to actually withstand the inside pressure of the bag unit 20. Therefore, the fastened airtight sealing strips 25 of the bag unit 20 will not burst due to the large pressure in the bag unit 20.
  • And, the [0016] bag unit 20 may be made from the materials capable of withstanding high heat steaming sterilization process. For example, the bag unit 20 may be made of linear high density PE for further making autoclave process.
  • The present invention of [0017] vent filter device 30 has two examples of embodiment. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the vent filter device 30 illustrated in the first embodiment has a base 31 attached on the inside bag wall of the bag unit 20. The surface of the base 31 is protruded to form a vent tube 34. By installing the vent tube 34 through the bag wall of the bag unit 20, air can flow into or out of the bag unit via the vent tube 34. Furthermore, a layer of medical grade filter screen 32 is attached to, or monolithically formed with the rear surface of the base 31. The medical grade filter screen 32 serves the filter function to filter and hermetically arrest germs or pathogens inside the bag unit 20. Thereby, the air coming out of the vent filter device 30, even if it carries a bad smell, is free from germs or pathogens and will not contaminate ambient environment.
  • As shown in FIG. 1, the present invention has a sealing [0018] cap 35 that is used to seal the vent tube 34 on the vent filter device 30, keeping the bad odor of the contaminative wastes from coming out of the biological hazard protection store and collective bag 10.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention of [0019] vent filter device 30 is illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4. Provided on the ball of the bag unit 20 is the formation of pores or narrow air channels 26. Then, a layer of medical grade filter screen 32 is directly pasted over, or monolithically formed with the wall of the bag unit 20, to completely cover the air channels 26 on the bag unit 20. Using the air channels 26, air can flow into or out of the bag unit 20. Meanwhile, the medical grade filter screen 32 serves to filter and arrest germs or pathogens inside the bag unit 20.
  • Optionally, to prevent liquid contaminants from dampening the medical [0020] grade filter screen 32 on the vent filter device 30, which will result in contamination, another embodiment of the present invention shows, as in FIG. 4, an additional water-resistant vent layer 33 installed on the inside of the medical grade filter screen 32, the side in contact with the contaminant, to resist water while allowing air to pass through, so that gases may pass through the water-resistant vent layer 33, and be filtered by the medical grade filter screen 32. Optionally, water-absorbent materials (not drawn) are spread inside the bag unit 20 to absorb contaminative liquids, such as blood, water, and the like. Because of the foregoing features, the present invention of biological hazard protection store and collective bag 10 is free from the sophisticated procedures as found in conventional type of collecting bags that require an outside bag to contain an inside bag to achieve the purposes of biological protection against hazards and contamination.
  • The present invention of biological hazard protection store and [0021] collective bag 10 is suitable for applications in hospitals, medical institutions, labs, and animal farms, and can be used as sealing bags to contain forensic evidences and nuclear wastes.
  • Instead of squeezing the [0022] bag unit 20 of the biological protection collecting bag 10 after it has collected contaminative wastes, the user can quickly and hermetically seal the opening of the bag unit 20 simply by fastening the airtight sealing strips 25 on the opening of the bag unit 20. The vent filter device 30 on the bag unit 20 will perform its job to filter and completely arrest germs and pathogens inside the bag unit 20 while air flows into and out of the bag unit 20. Importantly, during handing and stacking processes, the opening fastened by the airtight sealing strips 25 will not be busted by heavy stacking weight, thereby achieving effective protection against virus infection and contamination. Optionally, high heat sterilization by steaming process can be performed on the bag unit 20 to achieve the purpose of thorough sterilization.

Claims (20)

What is claimed is:
1. A biological hazard protection store and collective bag comprising a bag unit with opening having a plurality of airtight sealing strips, and the bag unit provides a vent filter device installed on inside bag wall of the bag unit, thereby allowing free flow of air into and out of the bag unit, wherein the vent filter device has a medical grade filter screen.
2. The biological hazard protection store and collective bag of claim 1, wherein the opening of the bag unit is formed as two or more layers folded inwardly.
3. The biological hazard protection store and collective bag of claim 1, wherein a water-resistant vent layer is installed on the medical grade filter screen of the vent filter device.
4. The biological hazard protection store and collective bag of claim 2, wherein a water-resistant vent layer is installed on the medical grade filter screen of the vent filter device.
5. The biological hazard protection store and collective bag of claim 2, wherein a layer of water absorbent materials is spread on inside of the bag unit.
6. The biological hazard protection store and collective bag of claim 3, wherein a layer of water absorbent materials is spread on inside of the bag unit.
7. The biological hazard protection store and collective bag of claim 4, wherein a layer of water absorbent materials is spread on inside of the bag unit.
8. The biological hazard protection store and collective bag of claim 2, wherein the vent filter device has a base fixed on the bag wall, which surface of the base has a vent tube penetrating through the bag wall of the bag unit, and a medical grade filter screen is pasted over rear side of the base.
9. The biological hazard protection store and collective bag of claim 3, wherein the vent filter device has a base fixed on the bag wall, which surface of the base has a vent tube penetrating through the bag wall of the bag unit, and a medical grade filter screen is pasted over rear side of the base.
10. The biological hazard protection store and collective bag of claim 5, wherein the vent filter device has a base fixed on the bag wall, which surface of the base has a vent tube penetrating through the bag wall of the bag unit, and a medical grade filter screen is pasted over rear side of the base.
11. The biological hazard protection store and collective bag of claim 8, wherein the vent filter device has a water-resistant vent layer is installed over the medical grade filter screen.
12. The biological hazard protection store and collective bag of claim 2, wherein the bag unit is made of materials capable of withstanding high heat steaming sterilization process.
13. The biological hazard protection store and collective bag of claim 8, wherein the vent filter device has a sealing cap covering on a vent tube on the base.
14. The biological hazard protection store and collective bag of claim 2, wherein the bag wall of the bag unit has a formation of air channels completely covered by the medical grade filter screen on the bag wall of the bag unit.
15. The biological hazard protection store and collective bag of claim 14, wherein a layer of water absorbent materials is spread on inside of the bag unit.
16. The biological hazard protection store and collective bag of claim 14, wherein a water-resistant vent layer is installed on the medical grade filter screen
17. The biological hazard protection store and collective bag of claim 15, wherein a water-resistant vent layer is installed on the medical grade filter screen
18. The biological hazard protection store and collective bag of claim 14, wherein the air channels on the bag unit are shaped as pores.
19. The biological hazard protection store and collective bag of claim 14, wherein, the air channels on the bag unit are shaped as narrow gaps.
20. The biological hazard protection store and collective bag of claim 17, wherein, the air channels on the bag unit are shaped as narrow gaps.
US10/855,561 2003-06-02 2004-05-28 Biological hazard protection store and collective bag Abandoned US20040238397A1 (en)

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Cited By (19)

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US20060110079A1 (en) * 2004-06-29 2006-05-25 Zimmerman Dean A Storage bag
US20070034542A1 (en) * 2005-08-11 2007-02-15 Mark Cerreta Vacuum seal bag assembly
US20070110343A1 (en) * 2005-11-12 2007-05-17 Reynolds Consumer Products, Inc. Ventable package with zipper closure, and methods
US20070263948A1 (en) * 2006-01-05 2007-11-15 Buchman James E Ventable Package with Zipper Closure, and Methods
US20080019618A1 (en) * 2006-05-01 2008-01-24 Dayton Douglas C Systems and methods for a resealable waste disposal bag
US20090026401A1 (en) * 2007-07-27 2009-01-29 Chris Dobkins Systems and methods for vacuum sealing
US20090067123A1 (en) * 2005-06-30 2009-03-12 Hjalmar Edzer Ayco Huitema Bagged rollable display with improved lifetime
US20100205909A1 (en) * 2007-07-24 2010-08-19 Zimmerman Dean A Storage bag
US8419279B2 (en) 2004-06-29 2013-04-16 The Glad Products Company Flexible storage bag
US20140366486A1 (en) * 2011-12-21 2014-12-18 Piramal Imaging Sa Glove bag manifold for aseptic assembling of radiopharmaceutical filling units
US20150122841A1 (en) * 2013-11-06 2015-05-07 The Procter & Gamble Company Easy to empty flexible containers
US20150175313A1 (en) * 2013-12-20 2015-06-25 Disco Corporation Packaging material
US9694965B2 (en) 2013-11-06 2017-07-04 The Procter & Gamble Company Flexible containers having flexible valves
US9850046B2 (en) * 2013-11-06 2017-12-26 The Procter & Gamble Company Flexible containers with vent systems
US9988190B2 (en) 2015-04-10 2018-06-05 The Procter & Gamble Company Flexible containers with biased dispensing
US10017300B2 (en) 2015-04-10 2018-07-10 The Procter & Gamble Company Flexible containers with product dispensing visibility
US20190193896A1 (en) * 2017-10-24 2019-06-27 Emmerson Packaging Patch Vent for Flexible Packaging Bags
US20190193912A1 (en) * 2017-12-21 2019-06-27 Ronald McLeod Vacuum Bag Assembly
US11865071B2 (en) 2018-08-17 2024-01-09 Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Corporation System and method for storing pharmaceuticals or biological media

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