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US20040149627A1 - Kerosene composition - Google Patents

Kerosene composition Download PDF

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Publication number
US20040149627A1
US20040149627A1 US10/726,376 US72637603A US2004149627A1 US 20040149627 A1 US20040149627 A1 US 20040149627A1 US 72637603 A US72637603 A US 72637603A US 2004149627 A1 US2004149627 A1 US 2004149627A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
paraffins
iso
kerosene
kerosene composition
carbon atoms
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/726,376
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English (en)
Inventor
Shyunichi Koide
Yasuyuki Komatsu
Masahiko Shibuya
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shell USA Inc
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Assigned to SHELL OIL COMPANY reassignment SHELL OIL COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KOMATSU, YASUYUKI, SHIBUYA, MASAHIKO, KOIDE, SHYUNICHI
Publication of US20040149627A1 publication Critical patent/US20040149627A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L2230/00—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole
    • C10L2230/08—Inhibitors
    • C10L2230/088—Inhibitors for inhibiting or avoiding odor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/42—Fischer-Tropsch steps

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to kerosene compositions, particularly for use as heating fuels.
  • Kerosene is widely used for heating and for cooking purposes.
  • Conventional kerosene when used for heating purposes, has an oily smell when the kerosene is being handled on refueling and this is unpleasant for the user.
  • the combustion is incomplete upon lighting and extinguishing and there is a disadvantage in that an unpleasant smell is produced by the unburned hydrocarbons that are produced at this time.
  • a method in which a kerosene vaporising catalyst is used, described in JP-B-59-16814, a method in which a deodorising agent is added to the kerosene, described in JP-B-54-32003, and kerosenes comprising n-paraffins and iso-paraffins, described in JP-A-63-150380, for example, have been proposed for resolving the problems of the unpleasantness when handling and the unpleasant smell on ignition and on extinguishing, which are observed generally with kerosenes.
  • kerosenes comprising iso-paraffins and n-paraffins which have 9 or 10 carbon atoms as the main components have a lower density than existing kerosenes and the fuel consumption by volume is increased, and so, for example, it is likely that the JIS specification (of the Japanese Standards Association) for fuel consumption in an oil stove will not be satisfied. Moreover, the flash point is reduced and there are also problems with safety.
  • a kerosene composition comprising at least 99 wt % of a) at least one n-paraffins and/or iso-paraffins, said n-paraffins and/or iso-paraffins having from 7 to 18 carbon atoms and b) at least one cyclo-paraffins and/or alkyl derivatives thereof having from 9 to 18 carbon atoms.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph of the change in the Saybolt value in an oxidation stability test for Examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 and 2.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph of the change in the amount of peroxide in an oxidation stability test for Examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 and 2.
  • the present invention provides kerosene compositions, particularly for use as heating fuels, which have excellent performance. For example, they do not have an unpleasant odour when they are being handled, when they are being ignited or when they are being extinguished, the combustion exhaust gas is clean and the storage stability is high.
  • the present invention is intended to provide kerosene compositions for which the cost, fuel consumption and flash point are similar to those of kerosenes in general, and with which, unlike those obtained using conventional methods, the smell of the kerosene itself is very slight, there is no unpleasant oily smell when it is being handled, with which there is no smell on ignition and extinguishing, which has good combustibility, with which the exhaust gas on combustion is clean, and which also has excellent storage stability.
  • a kerosene composition containing at least 99 wt % of n-paraffins which have from 7 to 18 carbon atoms and/or iso-paraffins which have from 7 to 18 carbon atoms along with cyclo-paraffins, and alkyl derivatives thereof, which have from 9 to 18 carbon atoms.
  • at least 99 wt % of said n-paraffins and/or iso-paraffins have from 7 to 12 carbon atoms.
  • at least 99 wt % of said cyclo-paraffins have from 9 to 12 carbon atoms.
  • the ratio by weight of the n-paraffins and/or iso-paraffins to the cyclo-paraffins and/or alkyl derivatives thereof is preferably from 92:8 to 25:75, more preferably from 85:15 to 55:45.
  • Said kerosene composition according to the present invention preferably has a smoke point of at least 30 mm.
  • n-paraffins and iso-paraffins which have from 7 to 18 carbon atoms which are used in the present invention can be obtained by taking synthetic gas obtained by partial oxidation, steam reforming from coal, natural gas, for example, and producing long-chain alkyl hydrocarbon polymer oil by means of a Fischer-Tropsch reaction and then carrying out hydrocracking and distillation. Furthermore, they can also be obtained in view of production costs by cracking or synthesis, for example, from the various fractions which are obtained in petroleum refining.
  • n-paraffins or iso-paraffins have less than 7 carbon atoms then the boiling point and flash point are too low and this is undesirable, and if the number of carbon atoms exceeds 18 then there are problems with low temperature fluidity, the boiling point is also raised too far and there is an adverse effect on the combustibility, which is undesirable.
  • n-paraffins and iso-paraffins which can be used in the present invention include n-heptane, iso-heptane, n-octane, iso-octane, n-nonane, iso-nonane, n-decane, iso-decane, n-undecane, iso-undecane, n-dodecane, iso-dodecane, 2-methylheptane, 2,2-dimethylhexane, 2-methyloctane, 2,2-dimethylheptane, 2-methylnonane, 2,2-dimethyloctane, 2-methyldecane, 2,2-dimethylnonane, and mixtures thereof.
  • the cyclo-paraffins, and the alkyl derivatives thereof, which have from 9 to 18 carbon atoms and which can be used in the present invention can be obtained by the hydrogenation of the light oil and intermediate oil fractions obtained by the distillation of coal tar, or by separation by distillation from crude oil and hydrogenation of the various distillate fractions.
  • Examples of the cyclo-paraffins and alkyl derivatives thereof which can be used in the present invention include n-butyl-cyclopentane, n-pentyl-cyclopentane, n-hexyl-cyclopentane, isopropyl-cyclohexane, n-butyl-cyclohexane, n-pentyl-cyclohexane, n-hexyl-cyclohexane, cis-decahydronaphthalene, trans-decahydronaphthalene, 1-methyl-trans-decahydronaphthalene), 9-ethyl-(cis-decahydronaphthalene) and mixtures thereof.
  • the kerosenes of the present invention must contain at least 99 wt % of the aforementioned n-paraffins and/or iso-paraffins along with the cyclo-paraffins and alkyl derivatives thereof. If the content is less than 99 wt %, then aromatic components, olefinic components, oxygen-containing components, nitrogen-containing components and sulfur-containing components are admixed and a smell is observed when handling, igniting and extinguishing the kerosene, and the storage stability is of the same order as that of a general kerosene.
  • the mixing ratio by weight of the n-paraffins and/or iso-paraffins to the cyclo-paraffins and alkyl derivatives thereof is preferably from 92:8 to 25:75, and most preferably from 85:15 to 55:45. If the cyclo-paraffins and alkyl derivatives content thereof is high then the smoke point which indicates the combustibility is less than 30 mm and so this is undesirable, and if it is low then the flash point falls below the JIS specification and actual fuel consumptions (L/h) become greater than the indicated fuel consumptions by volume for the stoves and exceed the +10% of the JIS specification and so this is undesirable.
  • n-paraffins and/or iso-paraffins have been obtained by means of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.
  • the kerosene compositions of the present invention comprising the compositions indicated above have the properties (1) to (4) indicated below, and in particular they have a high smoke point and excellent combustibility. As the smoke point is raised and the combustibility is improved, the time from ignition to complete combustion is shortened and complete combustion is promoted in the steady combustion state. Consequently there is no unpleasant smell or soot on ignition and the exhaust gas on ignition and during steady state combustion is also clean.
  • Distillation IBP Initial Boiling Point
  • the 95% distillation temperature is less than 270° C.
  • Flash point is at least 40° C.
  • Smoke point is at least 30 mm (compositions with smoke points of at least 35 mm, and even of 40 mm can also be obtained.)
  • n-paraffin/iso-paraffin mixed oil of the composition shown in Table 1 was obtained by production with the SMDS (Shell Middle Distillate Synthesis) process, in which natural gas is partially oxidised, heavy paraffins are synthesised by means of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, and naphtha, kerosene and light oil fractions are obtained by hydrocracking of the heavy paraffin oil obtained, and distillation.
  • SMDS Shell Middle Distillate Synthesis
  • Table 1 indicate the concentrations of all of the branched hydrocarbons which have the same carbon number since it is difficult to determine the isomers with different structures.
  • iso-octane includes all isomers such as 2-methylheptane, 2,2-dimethylhexane and the like.
  • Combustion performance tests were carried out using a wick top to bottom type stove and a petroleum fan heater.
  • the fuel consumption for maximum burning and the CO/CO 2 ratio of the exhaust gas were measured in accordance with the test methods laid down in JIS S 2019 and JIS S 2031 in the case of the wick top to bottom type stove and in accordance with JIS S 2036 and JIS S 3031 in the case of the petroleum fan heater.
  • the kerosene compositions of the present invention had a lower CO/CO 2 and a much lower SO 2 content in the exhaust gas when compared with the kerosene of Comparative Example 2, and they provided a cleaner exhaust gas. Furthermore, the kerosene of Comparative Example 1 was such that the difference between the indicated and measured fuel consumption (L/h) per stove capacity did not satisfy the JIS specification of within ⁇ 10%, while the kerosene compositions of the present invention did satisfy this JIS specification.
  • kerosene composition for which the cost, fuel consumption and ignition point are the same as those of a general kerosene, with which the odour of the kerosene itself is very slight so that there is no unpleasant oily smell when it is being handled, which has good burning properties and provides a cleanexhaust gas when it is burned, and which has excellent storage properties, which has not been obtained with conventional methods.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
US10/726,376 2002-12-03 2003-12-03 Kerosene composition Abandoned US20040149627A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP351205/02 2002-12-03
JP2002351205A JP4150579B2 (ja) 2002-12-03 2002-12-03 灯油組成物

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20040149627A1 true US20040149627A1 (en) 2004-08-05

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ID=32463138

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/726,376 Abandoned US20040149627A1 (en) 2002-12-03 2003-12-03 Kerosene composition

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US20040149627A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1567620A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4150579B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR20050085185A (fr)
CN (1) CN100526439C (fr)
AU (1) AU2003298342A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2508289A1 (fr)
NO (1) NO20053248D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004050804A1 (fr)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005059062A1 (fr) * 2003-12-19 2005-06-30 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V., Composition de kerosene
US20060161030A1 (en) * 2004-11-26 2006-07-20 Yasuyuki Komatsu Kerosene compositions
WO2006069408A3 (fr) * 2004-12-23 2006-08-31 Ica Pty Ltd The Petroleum Oil Huile de paraffine de chauffage et d'eclairage derivee synthetiquement
WO2009117426A1 (fr) * 2008-03-17 2009-09-24 Shell Oil Company Carburant à base de kérosène
US20100076232A1 (en) * 2008-09-25 2010-03-25 Kamita Osamu Hydrocarbon fuel oil for use in fuel cell system
US20100077655A1 (en) * 2008-09-05 2010-04-01 Joanna Margaret Bauldreay Liquid fuel compositions
US20100307428A1 (en) * 2007-05-11 2010-12-09 Christiane Behrendt Fuel composition
EP2006365A4 (fr) * 2006-03-31 2011-04-20 Nippon Oil Corp Composition d'huile hydrocarbonee polyfonctionnelle
US20120302813A1 (en) * 2011-05-27 2012-11-29 Uop Llc Processes and apparatuses for producing a substantially linear paraffin product
WO2014011250A3 (fr) * 2012-03-23 2014-04-03 Johann Haltermann Limited Propergol liquide pour fusées à performances élevées
US20140305839A1 (en) * 2011-03-31 2014-10-16 Japan Oil, Gas And Metals National Corporation Kerosene base material production method and kerosene base material
US9068963B2 (en) * 2013-03-12 2015-06-30 Johann Haltermann Limited Pentamethylheptane as a primary reference standard for cetane number
US20160215230A1 (en) * 2013-09-30 2016-07-28 Shell Oil Company Fischer-tropsch derived gas oil fraction
US20160230100A1 (en) * 2013-09-30 2016-08-11 Shell Oil Company Fischer-tropsch derived gas oil fraction
WO2016196015A3 (fr) * 2015-06-02 2017-02-09 Johann Haltermann Limited Propergol à haute densité énergétique volumétrique
US20170313922A1 (en) * 2014-11-18 2017-11-02 Total Marketing Services Anti-dust additive composition for construction material

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BRPI0409261A (pt) * 2003-04-11 2006-03-28 Sasol Tech Pty Ltd processo para a produção de um combustìvel diesel de baixo teor de enxofre, sintético, e um combustìvel de aviação de baixa emissão de fuligem a partir de uma carga de alimentação fischer-tropsch de baixa temperatura
JP4563216B2 (ja) * 2005-02-25 2010-10-13 コスモ石油株式会社 灯油組成物
JP5348821B2 (ja) * 2005-05-26 2013-11-20 Ｊｘ日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 灯油組成物
JP4847115B2 (ja) * 2005-11-30 2011-12-28 Ｊｘ日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 灯油
JP2007270058A (ja) * 2006-03-31 2007-10-18 Nippon Oil Corp 灯油基材の製造方法
JP4881663B2 (ja) * 2006-06-20 2012-02-22 コスモ石油株式会社 灯油組成物及び灯油組成物の製造方法
JP2009067993A (ja) * 2007-08-20 2009-04-02 Cosmo Oil Co Ltd 燃料電池用燃料油
US20100116711A1 (en) * 2008-11-12 2010-05-13 Kellogg Brown & Root Llc Systems and Methods for Producing N-Paraffins From Low Value Feedstocks
ITMI20120115U1 (it) * 2012-03-21 2013-09-22 Francesco Montescani Elemento riscaldante per ambienti e/o per apparati di cottura
CN103361130B (zh) * 2012-03-29 2015-02-04 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种用于重油活塞发动机的煤油燃料组合物
US11021666B2 (en) 2015-12-21 2021-06-01 Shell Oil Company Methods of providing higher quality liquid kerosene based-propulsion fuels
JP7136406B2 (ja) * 2018-09-25 2022-09-13 コスモ石油株式会社 灯油基材及び灯油組成物

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US3384574A (en) * 1965-07-27 1968-05-21 Mobil Oil Corp Catalytic process for making a jet fuel
US3985638A (en) * 1974-01-30 1976-10-12 Sun Oil Company Of Pennsylvania High quality blended jet fuel composition
US5713964A (en) * 1993-10-25 1998-02-03 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Low smoke composition and firefighter training process
US5689031A (en) * 1995-10-17 1997-11-18 Exxon Research & Engineering Company Synthetic diesel fuel and process for its production
US5807413A (en) * 1996-08-02 1998-09-15 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Synthetic diesel fuel with reduced particulate matter emissions
US5766274A (en) * 1997-02-07 1998-06-16 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Synthetic jet fuel and process for its production
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US6846402B2 (en) * 2001-10-19 2005-01-25 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Thermally stable jet prepared from highly paraffinic distillate fuel component and conventional distillate fuel component

Cited By (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050145539A1 (en) * 2003-12-19 2005-07-07 Masahiko Shibuya Kerosene composition
US7556727B2 (en) 2003-12-19 2009-07-07 Shell Oil Company Kerosene composition
WO2005059062A1 (fr) * 2003-12-19 2005-06-30 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V., Composition de kerosene
US20060161030A1 (en) * 2004-11-26 2006-07-20 Yasuyuki Komatsu Kerosene compositions
US20100210737A1 (en) * 2004-12-23 2010-08-19 The Petroleum Oil And Gas Corporation Of South Africa (Pty) Ltd Synthetically derived illuminating and heating paraffin oil
WO2006069408A3 (fr) * 2004-12-23 2006-08-31 Ica Pty Ltd The Petroleum Oil Huile de paraffine de chauffage et d'eclairage derivee synthetiquement
US20080250704A1 (en) * 2004-12-23 2008-10-16 The Petroleum Oil And Gas Corporation Of South Africa (Pty) Ltd Synthetically Derived Illuminating and Heating Paraffin Oil
US8552231B2 (en) * 2004-12-23 2013-10-08 The Petroleum Oil And Gas Corporation Of South Africa (Pty) Ltd. Synthetically derived illuminating and heating paraffin oil
EP2006365A4 (fr) * 2006-03-31 2011-04-20 Nippon Oil Corp Composition d'huile hydrocarbonee polyfonctionnelle
US20100307428A1 (en) * 2007-05-11 2010-12-09 Christiane Behrendt Fuel composition
US8715371B2 (en) * 2007-05-11 2014-05-06 Shell Oil Company Fuel composition
US20110005190A1 (en) * 2008-03-17 2011-01-13 Joanna Margaret Bauldreay Kerosene base fuel
AU2009225744B2 (en) * 2008-03-17 2011-12-01 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Kerosene base fuel
RU2474608C2 (ru) * 2008-03-17 2013-02-10 Шелл Интернэшнл Рисерч Маатсхаппий Б.В. Керосиновое базовое топливо
WO2009117426A1 (fr) * 2008-03-17 2009-09-24 Shell Oil Company Carburant à base de kérosène
US20100077655A1 (en) * 2008-09-05 2010-04-01 Joanna Margaret Bauldreay Liquid fuel compositions
US8697924B2 (en) * 2008-09-05 2014-04-15 Shell Oil Company Liquid fuel compositions
US20140187828A1 (en) * 2008-09-05 2014-07-03 Virent, Inc. Liquid fuel compositions
US9206366B2 (en) * 2008-09-05 2015-12-08 Shell Oil Company Liquid fuel compositions
US8419928B2 (en) * 2008-09-25 2013-04-16 Shell Oil Company Hydrocarbon fuel oil for use in fuel cell system
US20100076232A1 (en) * 2008-09-25 2010-03-25 Kamita Osamu Hydrocarbon fuel oil for use in fuel cell system
US20140305839A1 (en) * 2011-03-31 2014-10-16 Japan Oil, Gas And Metals National Corporation Kerosene base material production method and kerosene base material
US9725665B2 (en) * 2011-03-31 2017-08-08 Japan Oil, Gas And Metals National Corporation Kerosene base material production method and kerosene base material
US20120302813A1 (en) * 2011-05-27 2012-11-29 Uop Llc Processes and apparatuses for producing a substantially linear paraffin product
US9359974B2 (en) 2012-03-23 2016-06-07 Johann Haltermann Limited High performance liquid rocket propellant
WO2014011250A3 (fr) * 2012-03-23 2014-04-03 Johann Haltermann Limited Propergol liquide pour fusées à performances élevées
US9005380B2 (en) 2012-03-23 2015-04-14 Johann Haltermann Limited High performance liquid rocket propellant
US9068963B2 (en) * 2013-03-12 2015-06-30 Johann Haltermann Limited Pentamethylheptane as a primary reference standard for cetane number
US20160215230A1 (en) * 2013-09-30 2016-07-28 Shell Oil Company Fischer-tropsch derived gas oil fraction
US20160230100A1 (en) * 2013-09-30 2016-08-11 Shell Oil Company Fischer-tropsch derived gas oil fraction
US20170313922A1 (en) * 2014-11-18 2017-11-02 Total Marketing Services Anti-dust additive composition for construction material
US11214719B2 (en) * 2014-11-18 2022-01-04 Total Marketing Services Anti-dust additive composition for construction material
WO2016196015A3 (fr) * 2015-06-02 2017-02-09 Johann Haltermann Limited Propergol à haute densité énergétique volumétrique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP4150579B2 (ja) 2008-09-17
EP1567620A1 (fr) 2005-08-31
JP2004182854A (ja) 2004-07-02
NO20053248L (no) 2005-07-01
CA2508289A1 (fr) 2004-06-17
CN1723267A (zh) 2006-01-18
KR20050085185A (ko) 2005-08-29
AU2003298342A1 (en) 2004-06-23
CN100526439C (zh) 2009-08-12
NO20053248D0 (no) 2005-07-01
WO2004050804A1 (fr) 2004-06-17

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AS Assignment

Owner name: SHELL OIL COMPANY, TEXAS

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:KOIDE, SHYUNICHI;KOMATSU, YASUYUKI;SHIBUYA, MASAHIKO;REEL/FRAME:015247/0092;SIGNING DATES FROM 20040128 TO 20040129

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- AFTER EXAMINER'S ANSWER OR BOARD OF APPEALS DECISION