US20030208831A1

US20030208831A1 - Cooling garment made of water-resistant fabric

Info

Publication number: US20030208831A1
Application number: US10/425,803
Authority: US
Inventors: Robert Lazar; Dorothy Hill
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2002-05-07
Filing date: 2003-04-29
Publication date: 2003-11-13

Abstract

A cooling garment constructed, at least in part, of a cooling fabric. The cooling fabric includes an upper layer that includes a water-resistant fabric, a lower layer that includes a water-resistant fabric, a plurality of chambers disposed between the upper layer and the lower layer formed by stitching the upper layer and the lower layer together using a water wickable thread, and a superabsorbent polymer contained within a majority of the chambers.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60/380,165, filed May 7, 2002, entitled “Thermal Control Device Using Fabric and Synthetic Anionic Acrylic Copolymer,” the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to garments that are particularly useful for cooling or enhancing heat flow out of and away from humans or animals.

2. Description of Related Art

During physical activity, such as strenuous exercise or manual labor, the body generates heat. In humans, the body acts to cool itself and maintain a constant temperature through perspiration, which cools the skin surfaces of the body through evaporation. Many animals, on the other hand, cool themselves through panting, and the associated evaporative cooling of saliva.

When atmospheric temperatures are high, i.e., greater than about 30° C. (86° F.), and particularly when the relative humidity is also high (typically greater than 50%), the aforementioned natural cooling methods are insufficient, and the body temperature rises above a normal temperature. In such cases, the human or animal is at risk of developing various ailments such as heat stroke and in severe cases heart failure and death.

In order to aid body cooling in such situations, various cooling garments have been devised to draw heat from the body and/or to promote lowering the body temperature. U.S. Pat. No. 6,473,910 to Creagan et al., for example, discloses a cooling garment that has an inner layer of a thermoplastic polymer material that is liquid impermeable and vapor permeable, an outer liquid permeable layer, and a central absorbent layer that contains a stabilized matrix of cellulosic fibers and thermoplastic polymer fibers. The cooling garment is saturated with water or other liquids to provide the wearer relief from the heat by evaporative cooling through the outer liquid permeable layer.

U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,464,672 and 5,722,482 to Buckley disclose a multilayer composite material and method for evaporative cooling of a person. The material employs an evaporative cooling liquid that changes phase from a liquid to a gaseous state to absorb thermal energy. The evaporative cooling liquid is absorbed into a superabsorbent material enclosed within the multilayer composite material. The composite is made of a perforated barrier material around the outside to regulate the evaporation rate of the phase change liquid. The multilayer composite material may be fashioned into blankets, garments and other articles.

U.S. Pat. No. 6,185,744 to Poholski discloses a thermal garment that includes a shell and a thermal insert that overlay and cover a substantial portion of the back and the chest of a user. The shell has inner and outer layers that are interconnected to define a chamber between the layers. A thermal insert is placed in the chamber. The thermal insert has two congruent layers and multiple compartments defined between the two layers, with one of the compartments being sealed and containing a thermal storage medium. The thermal storage medium is a layer of insulating material such as Thinsulate brand insulation (3M, St. Paul, Minn.) or other suitable, garment-quality insulation.

U.S. Pat. No. 6,017,606 to Sage et al. discloses a reusable thermal pack that includes a bag formed of a water-permeable fabric having a plurality of laterally adjacent compartments, and a superabsorbent polymer disposed in the bag compartments. The polymer forms a gel in the presence of an aqueous solution, and the bag compartments are gel-retainable. The thermal pack, once hydrated, becomes cool and stays cool for several days without refrigeration.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,787,505 to Piwko et al. discloses a shirt having one or more pouches to receive a cooling pack. The cooling pack is cooled before use, and includes sealed compartments containing water or other material which changes state by absorbing heat to cool the wearer.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,755,110 to Silvas discloses a cooling vest having a plurality of elongated pocket partitions formed on the front and backside of the vest, which contain beads of polyacrylamide material that absorb water to form a gel that may be chilled or frozen to provide a cooling effect on the upper torso of a wearer. The cooling effect is facilitated by the non-impervious properties of cotton containing double layer fabric used in the construction of the vest that permits evaporation.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,606,746 to Shelton et al. discloses a vest having a polyacrylamide copolymer filler that cools the body by activating the cooling stage, which is done by placing the vest in water for a period of time. The vest is made of materials that can be washed by the individual. They can be stored for days in plastic bags in the refrigerator. If long-term storage is needed, the vest is readily dried by line-drying and then put away until ready for use again.

All of the above-described body cooling garments are constructed of porous fabrics that in various ways include compartments that contain a water-absorbing material. The water-absorbing material is saturated with water prior to wear and provides cooling through the evaporation of water through the porous fabric.

The above-described garments have several shortcomings. First, in many cases, moisture from the the water-absorbing material may be transferred from the water-absorbing material through the porous fabric to the clothing or skin of the wearer, causing discomfort or damaging clothing. Second, the water-absorbing material in the garment dries out, i.e., loses its water and cooling capacity after a few days due to evaporation of the water through the porous fabric. Finally, often the water-absorbing material will settle to the lower portions of the garment, leaving the primary heat transfer sites of the upper torso unexposed or minimally exposed to the heat transfer properties of the water-absorbing material.

There is a need to provide garments that provide thermal cooling to humans and animals that maintain their moisture level and cooling capacity for a week or more when left hanging at ambient conditions, do not transfer moisture to the skin or clothing of the wearer, and maintain the water-absorbing material at locations adjacent to the primary heat transfer points in the upper torso.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to a cooling garment that includes an upper layer that includes a water-resistant fabric, a lower layer that includes a water-resistant fabric, a plurality of chambers disposed between the upper layer and the lower layer formed by stitching the upper layer and the lower layer together using a water wickable thread, and a superabsorbent polymer contained within a majority of the chambers.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a plan view of a cooling fabric of the present invention; [0018]
FIG. 2 shows a sectional view of the cooling fabric taken along line A-A in FIG. 1; [0019]
FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 show a sectional view of the cooling fabric taken along line B-B in FIG. 1; [0020]
FIG. 5 shows a perspective front view of a first vest structure of the present invention; [0021]
FIG. 6A shows a front elevation view of a second vest structure of the present invention; [0022]
FIG. 6B shows a front elevation view of a third vest structure of the present invention; [0023]
FIG. 7 shows a perspective view of a cap structure of the present invention; [0024]
FIG. 8 shows a perspective view of a person wearing a headband structure of the present invention; [0025]
FIG. 9 shows a front elevation view of a hat structure of the present invention; and [0026]
FIG. 10 shows a perspective front view of a fourth vest structure of the present invention.[0027]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers or expressions referring to quantities of ingredients, reaction conditions, etc., used herein are to be understood as modified in all instances by the term “about.”[0028]
Various numerical ranges are disclosed in this patent application. Because these ranges are continuous, they include every value between the minimum and maximum values. Unless expressly indicated otherwise, the various numerical ranges specified in this application are approximations. [0029]
As used herein and in the claims, the term “superabsorbent polymer” refers to any suitable natural or synthetic polymeric material in a dry form that is capable of absorbing and storing many times its weight in water. After absorbing water, the superabsorbent polymer takes on a particulate, jelly-like or hydrogel form, but remains in a non-flowable state. [0030]
As used herein and in the claims, the term “water-resistant” refers to materials that generally repel or resist penetration by water through the material where the materials are not entirely waterproof. In other words, water-resistant materials generally hinder the penetration of water through their fabric and provide a water-repellent barrier. [0031]
As used herein and in the claims, the term “water wickable thread” refers to any suitable fiber that is capable of conveying water and/or aqueous solutions by capillary action. In other words, a water wickable thread useful in the present invention may include, but is not limited to, any fiber, bundle of fibers, or loosely twisted, braided, or woven cord, tape, or tube that by capillary attraction draws water from one location to another. [0032]
As used herein and in the claims, the term “cooling garment” refers to any suitable fabric, piece of fabric, article of clothing, or other article that is capable of transfering heat from the body of a human and/or an animal. Suitable articles that the term cooling garment includes are, without limitation, blankets, capes, vests, scarfs, neckerchiefs, caps, hats, headbands, do rags, and other headware or other systems. [0033]
The present invention provides a cooling garment that includes an upper layer that contains a water-resistant fabric, a lower layer that contains a water-resistant fabric, a plurality of chambers disposed between the upper layer and the lower layer formed by stitching the upper layer and the lower layer together using a water wickable thread, and a superabsorbent polymer contained within a majority of the chambers. [0034]
The present cooling garment is made, at least in part, using a cooling fabric as shown in FIGS. [0035] 1-4. The cooling fabric 10 includes a plurality of chambers 11, that are defined by an upper layer 12, a lower layer 14 and edges defined by the stitched pattern of a water wickable thread 18. Chamber 11 contains superabsorbent polymer particles 16.
When used as a cooling garment or as part of a cooling garment, [0036] superabsorbent polymer 16 in chamber 11 is exposed to and adsorbs or is hydrated by water or an aqueous solution. Once the superabsorbent polymer 16 has been hydrated, when cooling fabric 10 is placed against the skin of a human or animal, it actively acts to draw heat or thermal energy from the skin, cooling the wearer.
Although not being limited to any one theory, it is believed that when cooling garments containing the above-described cooling fabric are draped or worn or placed in proximity of a human or animal body, the evaporative effects of the hydrated superabsorbent polymer provide convective or conductive cooling. [0037]
Hydration of [0038] superabsorbent polymer 16 is accomplished by placing or otherwise contacting cooling fabric 10 with water or an aqueous solution. As FIG. 3 shows, water does not directly enter chamber 11 through upper layer 12 or lower layer 14 because each layer contains a water-resistant material. As indicated by the arrows in FIG. 3, water or an aqueous solution is conveyed by water wickable thread 18 to chamber 11. Once the water or aqueous solution has entered chamber 11, it is absorbed by superabsorbent polymer 16, which expands from its dry state as shown in FIG. 3 to its enlarged hydrated state as shown in FIG. 4. Typically, superabsorbent polymer 16 absorbs enough water or aqueous solution to expand and fill the volume of chamber 11.
In an embodiment of the present invention, holes created by sewing and stitching [0039] upper layer 12 to lower layer 14 provide a pathway for water or aqueous solution to be conveyed into chamber 11. In this embodiment, thread 18 may or may not be of a water wickable construction.
The cooling fabric can be used to make any suitable type of cooling garment known in the art. Suitable cooling garments include, but are not limited to, blankets, capes, vests, scarfs, neckerchiefs, caps, hats, headbands, do rags, and other headware or other systems. [0040]
In a non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, the cooling garment may be a first vest as shown in FIG. 5. [0041] First vest 20 includes the above-described cooling fabric in the areas of first vest 20 that contact the chest, neck, and upper back of the wearer. The chambers 24 are defined by the stitching pattern of water wickable thread 22. First vest 20 may be closed by fastening buttons 26 through button holes 28. As shown in FIG. 5, the portion of first vest 20 that would be in contact with the lower back and waist area of the wearer does not include chambers 24 defined by a stitching pattern of water wickable thread 22. This portion of first vest 20 may be constructed of the present cooling fabric without any superabsorbent polymer being present in chambers 24, or alternatively, this portion of first vest 20 may be constructed of another fabric, which may or may not be water-resistant. Examples of non-water-resistant fabrics that may be used include, but are not limited to, cotton, wool, nylon, rayon, acrylics, and fabric blends as are well known in the art.
In another non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, the cooling garment may be a second vest as shown in FIG. 6A. [0042] Second vest 30 includes the above-described cooling fabric in the areas of second vest 30 that contact the shoulders, upper back and lower torso of the wearer. Chambers 34 extend laterally and are defined by the stitching pattern of water wickable thread 32. Second vest 30 may be closed by fastening a VELCRO® fastener 36 (Velcro Industries B. V., Curacao, AN). Further to this embodiment as shown in FIG. 6B, which includes the features described in FIG. 6A above, the second vest 30 may include light reflective material 38 positioned so as to encircle the chest and waist areas when the vest is worn.
In an additional non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, the cooling garment is a cap as shown in FIG. 7. [0043] Cap 40 may be entirely constructed of the above-described cooling fabric. Cap 40 generally includes a dome portion 44 and a headband portion 46. Dome portion 44 and headband portion 46 may be individual chambers defined by the stitching pattern of water wickable thread 42.
In a further non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, the cooling garment is a headband as shown in FIG. 8. [0044] Headband 50 includes the above-described cooling fabric in the areas of headband 50 that contact the front and sides of the forehead of the wearer. The chambers 54 are defined by the stitching pattern of water wickable thread 52.
In a further additional non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, the cooling garment is a hat as shown in FIG. 9. [0045] Hat 60 may be entirely constructed of the above-described cooling fabric. Hat 60 generally includes a dome portion 44, a headband portion 66, ear flap portions 67, and back flap portion 68. The chambers in hat 60 are defined by the stitching pattern of water wickable thread 62.
In another non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, the cooling garment may be a fourth vest as shown in FIG. 10. [0046] Fourth vest 70 includes the above-described cooling fabric in the areas of fourth vest 70 that contact the shoulders, upper back, and lower torso of the wearer. Chambers 74 extend laterally and are defined by the stitching pattern of water wickable thread 72. Fourth vest 70 may be closed by fastening a VELCRO® fastener 76.
In the above-described cooling fabric, the upper layer and the lower layer may be made using any suitable water-resistant fabric. Suitable water-resistant fabrics of the upper layer and the lower layer may independently include, but not be limited to, fabrics containing one or more fibers selected from polyamides, polyesters, polyurethanes, vinyl, acrylic, fluoropolymers, and aramid materials. [0047]
Specific examples of suitable fibers and fabrics that may be used to make the upper layer and/or the lower layer of the cooling fabric include, but are not limited to, the segmented polyurethanes available under the trade name Lycra® from E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, Del.; the solution dyed polyester fabric with a urethane coating available as Sur Last™ all weather fabric from Sur Last, Indianapolis, Ind.; the coated fabrics available under the name Hydro-No from Norsk Hydro, Oslo, Norway; Power-Tex® available from GLAMORISE FOUNDATIONS, INC., New York, N.Y.; Ultrex® available from Burlington Performance Wear, GREENSBORO, N.C.; nylon or polyester coated with a polyurethane-based coating available as Hydroflex® from Consoltex, Saint-Laurent, Quebec; Demizax®, H2OFF®, REPLEX®, and Entrant G-11® materials available from Toray Industries, Inc., New York, N.Y.; the Fluoro Carbon fiber Toyoflon™ available from ToRay Industries; the Aramid fibers Kevlar® and NOMEX® available from DuPont; ARAFLEX® available from Second Chance Body Armor, Inc., Central Lake, Mich.; Twaron® available from AKZO NOBEL, Inc.; BASOFIL® fibers commercially available from BASF, Charlotte, N.C.; the poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) (PBO) sold under the trademark ZYLON® by Toyobo Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan; and composites such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,261,678 to von Fragstein et al. [0048]
In an embodiment of the present invention, the fabrics used to make the upper layer and the lower layer of the cooling fabric are comprised of one or more fabrics containing fibers comprised of materials selected from polyamides, polyesters, polyurethanes, vinyl, acrylic, fluoropolymers, aramid, poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisthiazole), and poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole). [0049]
The fabrics used to make the upper layer and the lower layer of the cooling fabric and/or the lower layer of the cooling fabric may have any suitable thread count. As used herein and in the claims, the term “thread count” is the number of horizontal and vertical threads in one square inch of fabric. The fabrics of the present invention may have a thread count of at least 50, in some cases at least 70, in other cases at least 80, and in other cases at least 100 threads per square inch. Further, the fabrics of the present invention may have a thread count of up to 350, in some cases up to 300, in other cases up to 250, in some situations up to 200, and in other situations up to 150 threads per square inch. The thread count of the fabrics in the upper layer and in the lower layer may vary between any of the values recited above. [0050]
The fabrics used to make the upper layer and the lower layer of the cooling fabric and/or the lower layer of the cooling fabric may have any suitable degree of thickness or fineness. The fineness of a fabric is measured by its denier, a unit of fineness equal to the fineness of a fiber weighing one gram for each 9000 meters. A fiber of <100 denier is finer than a 150 denier fiber. [0051]
The water-resistant fabric of the upper layer and the lower layer has a total denier of at least 30, in some situations at least 40, in other situations at least 50, in some cases at least 60, and in other cases at least 70. The total denier of the water-resistant fabric may be up to 500, in some cases up to 400, in other cases up to 300, in some situations up to 200, and in other situations up to 100. When the total denier is too low, the properties of the fabric may be unsatisfactory. The total denier of the water-resistant fabrics in the upper layer and in the lower layer may vary between any of the values recited above. [0052]
In general, the denier of a single fiber used in the water-resistant fabric is at least 1, in some cases at least 2, in other cases at least 3, and in some situation at least 4. Further, the denier of a single fiber used in the water-resistant fabric may be up to 15, in some cases up to 12, in other cases up to 10, and in other cases up to 8. The denier of a single fiber used in the water-resistant fabrics in the upper layer and in the lower layer may vary between any of the values recited above. [0053]
Typically, the strength of a single fiber used in the water-resistant fabric is at least 0.5 g/denier, in some cases at least 1 g/denier, and in other cases at least 2 g/denier or more. [0054]
In an embodiment of the present invention, the water-resistant fabric of the upper and/or lower layers has a Moisture Vapor Transmission Rate (MVTR) of less than 500 g/m[0055] ²per 24 hours, in some cases less than 400 g/m²per 24 hours, in other cases less than 300 g/m²per 24 hours, in some situations less than 200 g/m²per 24 hours, and in other situations less than 100 g/m²per 24 hours. If the MVTR is too high, the superabsobent polymer may dehydrate (lose its water content) too quickly and require re-hydration too frequently. Additionally, although not required, it may be desirable that the water-resistant material have some measurable MVTR, so that the cooling fabric and/or cooling garments containing the cooling fabric may be dried (the superabsorbent polymer dehydrated) when desired. As such, the water-resistant fabric of the upper and lower layers may have an MVTR of at least 0.1 g/m²per 24 hours, in some cases at least 1 g/m²per 24 hours, in other cases at least 5 g/m²per 24 hours, in some situations at least 10 g/m²per 24 hours, and in other situations at least 25 g/m²per 24 hours. The MVTR of the water-resistant fabric of the upper layer and/or lower layer may vary between any of the values recited above.
As used herein and in the claims, the MVTR of the water-resistant fabric is determined by the following procedure. Approximately 70 ml of a solution consisting of 35 parts by weight of potassium acetate and 15 parts by weight of distilled water are placed into a 133 ml polypropylene cup having an inside diameter of 6.5 cm at its mount. An expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film having a minimum MVTR of approximately 60,000 g/m[0056] ²per 24 hours as tested by the method described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,862,730 to Crosby using potassium acetate and available from W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. of Newark, Del. is heat sealed to the lip of the cup to create a taut, leakproof, microporous barrier containing the solution. A similar expanded PTFE film was mounted to the surface of a water bath. The water bath assembly is controlled at 23±0.2° C. utilizing a temperature-controlled roll and a water circulating bath. The sample to be tested is allowed to condition at a temperature of 23° C. and a relative humidity of 50% prior to performing the test procedure. Samples are placed so that the water-resistant fabric to be tested is in contact with the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene film mounted to the surface of the water bath and an equilibration of at least 15 minutes is used prior to the introduction of the cup assembly. The cup assembly is weighed to the nearest 0.001 g and is placed in an inverted manner onto the center of the test sample. Water transport is provided by the driving force between the water in the water bath and the saturated salt solution providing water flux by diffusion in that direction. The sample is tested for 15 minutes and the cup assembly is then removed and weighed again. The MVTR is calculated from the weight gain of the cup assembly and expressed in grams of water per square meter of sample surface area per 24 hours.
In a particular embodiment of the present invention, the cooling fabric used for one or both of the upper layer and the lower layer is a fabric that includes a substrate fabric, which may include any of the fabrics or fiber based materials described above, and a water-resistant coating layer formed from a water-resistant coating composition over at least a portion of a surface of the substrate fabric. Any suitable coating composition can be used to form the coating layer. Suitable coating compositions include, but are not limited to, those that include one or more water-resistant materials selected from natural rubber, synthetic rubber, silicone rubber, fluoropolymers, polyurethanes, and acrylics. [0057]
In an embodiment of the present invention, a coated fabric useful as either or both of the upper layer and the lower layer is produced as follows. First, a woven fabric is constructed or obtained that is suitable for use in the present cooling fabric. As described above, the fabric may be made from any of the suitable materials described above. Prior to applying a water-resistant composition, the fabric may be scoured. When scoured, the material may be scoured with an alkaline solution. [0058]
In some cases, after being scoured, the fabric is put on a tenter frame, dried and heat set. In some situations, it is advantageous that the fabric be substantially dry and free of moisture prior to being treated with the water-resistant composition. As a non-limiting example, the fabric may be dried so that the moisture level is substantially equivalent to the natural moisture level of the fibers used to make the fabric. For many fibers, the moisture level should be less than 10%, and in some cases less than 7%. [0059]
After the fabric has been dried and heat set, the water-resistant composition is applied to at least one side of the fabric. The composition may be sprayed on the fabric, printed on the fabric, and/or the fabric is dipped into a bath containing the water-resistant composition in solution, dispersion, or emulsion form. [0060]
After the water-resistant composition is applied to the fabric, the fabric may be heated to a temperature sufficient for the coating to dry and/or cure. Once the water-resistant composition has been sufficiently heat treated, the fabric may be used in constructing the cooling garments in accordance with the present invention. [0061]
The water-resistant materials can be combined in water with a drying agent such as an alcohol and an emulsifier. The amount of the water-resistant composition applied to the fabric will depend upon the particular formulation and the particular application method. [0062]
In an embodiment of the present invention, the water-resistant material comprises a fluorocarbon, an acrylic polymer, and/or a polyurethane. [0063]
When the cooling fabric used for one or both of the upper layer and the lower layer is a fabric and includes a substrate fabric coated by a water-resistant coating layer, the substrate fabric may comprise one or more fabrics containing fibers comprised of materials selected from cotton, wool, polyamides, polyesters, polyurethanes, vinyl, acrylic, fluoropolymers, aramid, poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisthiazole), and poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) or any other fabric described above. [0064]
As was indicated above, a water wickable thread may be used to sew and/or stitch the upper layer and the lower layer together to form a plurality of chambers. Any suitable water wickable thread may be used in the present invention. Examples of suitable materials from which the wickable thread may be made include, but are not limited to, cotton, wool, hemp, copolyetheresters, polyesters, polyethers, and mixtures thereof. [0065]
The chambers formed in the present cooling garments may be dimensioned to form any suitable type of shape. Suitable shapes include, but are not limited to, squares, rectangles, triangles, circles, and ovals, as well as non-descriptive shapes, so long as the stitching forms a continuous barrier to contain and hold the superabsorbent polymer in place. The shape of the chambers may be dimensioned to encompass an area in the upper layer and/or the lower layer of at least 1 mm[0066] ², in some cases at least 2 mm², in other cases at least 3 mm², in some situations at least 5 mm², and in in other situations at least 10 mm². When the area of the chambers are too small, the cooling fabric may have poor heat transfer properties. Further, the chambers may be dimensioned to encompass an area of up to 60 mm², in some cases up to 55 mm², in other cases up to 50 mm², in some situations up to 45 mm², in other situations up to 40 mm², in some circumstances up to 35 mm², and in other circumstances up to 25 mm². When the area of the chambers is too large, the superabsorbent polymer particles may settle to the lower portions of the chamber and provide insufficient heat transfer properties to the cooling garment. The chambers of the cooling garment may have an area between any range of values inclusive of those stated above.
In a particular embodiment of the present invention, the water-resistant fabric of the upper layer and/or the lower layer comprises nylon, has a 70×70 warp/filling, has a 104×86 thread count, has one side coated by a coating composition comprising a polyurethane, and the other side coated by a coating composition comprising an acrylic polymer. In this embodiment, either side may be the side in contact with the superabsorbent polymer and either side may be the side in contact with skin, clothing or the atmosphere. [0067]
As indicated above, the chambers contain a superabsorbent polymer. Any suitable superabsorbent polymer may be used in the present cooling garment. Suitable superabsorbent polymers include, but are not limited to, natural gums, cellulosics, synthetic hydrogel polymers, and mixtures thereof. [0068]
In an embodiment of the present invention, the natural gums useful as superabsorbent polymers may be selected without limitation from xanthan, guar, agar, pectin, gum arabic, locust bean gum, hydroxypropyl guar gum, polyglucomannan gum, cationic guar gum, anionic guar gum, alginate, irish moss, and gum arabic. The cellulosics useful as superabsorbent polymers may be selected without limitation from methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxy ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, and hydroxypropylcellulose. The synthetic hydrogel polymers useful as superabsorbent polymers may be selected without limitation from suitable crosslinked, water-swellable acrylic copolymers. [0069]
In a particular embodiment of the present invention, the synthetic hydrogel polymers include, but are not limited to, copolymers that include repeat units from one or more monomers selected from (meth)acrylic acid, maleic acid, 2-(meth)acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid, styrene sulfonate, vinyl sulfonic acid, and their corresponding ammonia, amine and alkali metal salts, (meth)acrylamide, vinyl alcohol, vinyl acetate, maleic anhydride, alkyl vinyl ethers, vinylmorpholinone, vinylpyrridine, vinyl pyrrolidone, and acrylonitrile; and one or more crosslinking agents selected from N,N′-methylenebis(meth)acrylamide, (poly)ethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, (poly)propylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, glycerol tri(meth)acrylate, glycerol acrylate methacrylate, ethylene-oxide-modified trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, dipentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate, triallyl cyanurate, triallyl isocyanurate, triallyl phosphate, triallylamine, poly(meth)allyloxyalkanes, (poly)ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, glycerol diglycidyl ether, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, pentaerythritol, ethylenediamine, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, polyethylenimine, glycidyl (meth)acrylate, diallyl sucrose, triallyl sucrose triallyl amine, and triallyl methyl ammonium chloride. [0070]
In another particular embodiment of the present invention, the superabsorbent polymer comprises a synthetic anionic acrylic copolymer. [0071]
Additional superabsorbent polymers and methods to manufacture such polymers are described, without limitation, in U.S. Pat. No. 6,469,080 to Miyake et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,399,668 Miyake et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,127,454 to Wada et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,087,002 to Kimura et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,244,735 to Kimura et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,925,603 to Nambu, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,734,478 to Tsubakimoto et al. Non-limiting examples of superabsorbent polymers that may be used in the present cooling garment include those available under the trade names ALCOSORB® from Ciba Specialty Chemicals, Chatanooga, Tenn.; DRYTECH® from the Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Mich.; NORSOCRYL® and AQUAKEEP® from Atofina, Paris, France; HYDROSORB™ from HYDROSORB Inc., Orange, Calif.; and AQUALIC CA from Nippon, Shokubai Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan. [0072]
The superabsorbent polymer, when dry, is typically in particulate form. The particle size of the superabsorbent polymer particulates are typically at least 20 microns, in some cases at least 35 microns, in other cases at least 50 microns, and in certain situations at least 100 microns. It is desirable that the particle size of the superabsorbent polymer particulates be large enough that they can be contained in the fabric. Further, the particle size of the superabsorbent polymer particulates is up to 1,000 microns, in some cases up to 750 microns, in other cases up to 500 microns, and in certain situations up to 350 microns. If the particle size of the superabsorbent polymer particulates is too large, they may take too long to hydrate effectively. The particle size of the superabsorbent polymer particulates may vary between any of the values recited above. [0073]
The cooling garment of the present invention may be made entirely of the cooling fabric described above. Alternatively, the cooling garment may be constructed in part using the present cooling fabric and the remainder constructed of any suitable conventional fabric. Suitable conventional fabrics include, but are not limited to, those including cotton, wool, nylon, and other materials known in the art. [0074]
The cooling garments described above, once hydrated (i.e., the superabsorbent polymer is hydrated), maintain their moisture level and cooling capacity for a week or more when left hanging at ambient conditions. In other words, because of the fabric selection and/or fabric coating, the fabric is water-resistant and the superabsorbent polymer particles retain their moisture and do not dry out as quickly as when non-water-resistant fabrics are used as the upper layer and/or lower layer of the cooling garment. Further, moisture, water, or aqueous solutions absorbed by the superabsorbent polymer do not “wick out” or transfer to the skin or clothing of the wearer. [0075]
The invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments. Obvious modifications and alterations will occur to others upon reading and understanding the preceding detailed description. It is intended that the invention be construed as including all such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of appended claims or the equivalents thereof. [0076]

Claims

We claim:

1. A cooling fabric comprising:

an upper layer comprising a water-resistant fabric;

a lower layer comprising a water-resistant fabric;

a plurality of chambers disposed between the upper layer and the lower layer formed by stitching the upper layer and the lower layer together using a water wickable thread; and

a superabsorbent polymer contained within a majority of the chambers.

2. The cooling fabric of claim 1, wherein the water-resistant fabric of the upper layer and the lower layer are independently comprised of fabrics containing fibers comprised of materials selected from the group consisting of polyamides, polyesters, polyurethanes, vinyl, acrylic, fluoropolymers, aramid, poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisthiazole), and poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole).

3. The cooling fabric of claim 1, wherein one or both of the fabric of the upper layer and the fabric of the lower layer is a fabric comprising a substrate fabric and a water-resistant coating layer formed from a water-resistant coating composition over at least a portion of a surface of the substrate fabric.

4. The cooling fabric of claim 3, wherein the substrate fabric is comprised of fabrics containing fibers comprised of materials selected from the group consisting of cotton, wool, polyamides, polyesters, polyurethanes, vinyl, acrylic, fluoropolymers, aramid, poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisthiazole), and poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole).

5. The cooling fabric of claim 3, wherein the water-resistant coating composition comprises one or more materials selcted from the group consisting of natural rubber, synthetic rubber, silicone rubber, fluoropolymers, polyurethanes, and acrylics.

6. The cooling fabric of claim 1, wherein the chambers are dimensioned to form a shape of from 1 to 60 mm²in area in the upper layer and the lower layer.

7. The cooling fabric of claim 1, wherein the water wickable thread includes one or more materials selected from the group consisting of cotton, wool, hemp, copolyetheresters, polyesters, and polyehters.

8. The cooling fabric of claim 1, wherein the superabsorbent polymer is selected from the group consisting of natural gums, cellulosics, synthetic hydrogel polymers, and mixtures thereof.

9. The cooling fabric of claim 8, wherein the natural gums are selected from xanthan, guar, agar, pectin, gum arabic, locust bean gum, hydroxypropyl guar gum, polyglucomannan gum, cationic guar gum, anionic guar gum, alginate, irish moss, and gum arabic.

10. The cooling fabric of claim 8, wherein the cellulosics are selected from methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, and hydroxypropylcellulose.

11. The cooling fabric of claim 8, wherein the synthetic hydrogel polymers comprise crosslinked, water-swellable acrylic copolymers.

12. The cooling fabric of claim 8, wherein the synthetic hydrogel polymers comprise repeat units from one or more monomers selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylic acid, maleic acid, 2-(meth)acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid, styrene sulfonate, vinyl sulfonic acid, and their corresponding ammonia, amine and alkali metal salts, (meth)acrylamide, vinyl alcohol, vinyl acetate, maleic anhydride, alkyl vinyl ethers, vinylmorpholinone, vinylpyrridine, vinyl pyrrolidone, and acrylonitrile; and one or more crosslinkers selected from the group consisting of N,N′-methylenebis(meth)acrylamide, (poly)ethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, (poly)propylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, glycerol tri(meth)acrylate, glycerol acrylate methacrylate, ethylene-oxide-modified trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, dipentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate, triallyl cyanurate, triallyl isocyanurate, triallyl phosphate, triallylamine, poly(meth)allyloxyalkanes, (poly)ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, glycerol diglycidyl ether, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, pentaerythritol, ethylenediamine, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, polyethylenimine, glycidyl (meth)acrylate, diallyl sucrose, triallyl sucrose triallyl amine, and triallyl methyl ammonium chloride.

13. The cooling fabric of claim 1, wherein the superabsorbent polymer has an unhydrated particle size of from 20 to 1,000 microns.

14. The cooling fabric of claim 1, fashioned in the form of a garment selected from the group consisting of a blanket, a cape, a vest, a scarf, a neckerchief, a cap, a hat, a headband, and a do rag.

15. A cooling garment comprising a cooling fabric comprised of:

an upper layer comprising a water-resistant fabric comprising a substrate fabric and a water-resistant coating layer formed from a water-resistant coating composition over at least a portion of a surface of the substrate fabric;

a lower layer comprising a water-resistant fabric comprising a substrate fabric and a water-resistant coating layer formed from a water-resistant coating composition over at least a portion of a surface of the substrate fabric;

a plurality of chambers disposed between the upper layer and the lower layer formed by stitching the upper layer and the lower layer together using a water wickable thread wherein the chambers are dimensioned to form a shape of from 1 to 60 mm²in area in the upper layer and the lower layer; and

a superabsorbent polymer selected from the group consisting of natural gums, cellulosics, synthetic hydrogel polymers, and mixtures thereof, contained within the chambers.

16. The cooling garment of claim 15, wherein the substrate fabric is comprised of fabrics containing fibers comprised of materials selected from the group consisting of cotton, wool, polyamides, polyesters, polyurethanes, vinyl, acrylic, fluoropolymers, aramid, poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisthiazole), and poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole).

17. The cooling garment of claim 15, wherein the water-resistant coating composition comprises one or more materials selected from the group consisting of natural rubber, synthetic rubber, silicone rubber, fluoropolymers, polyurethanes, and acrylics.

18. The cooling garment of claim 15, wherein the water wickable thread includes one or more materials selected from the group consisting of cotton, wool, hemp, copolyetheresters, polyesters, and polyethers.

19. The cooling garment of claim 15, wherein the natural gums are selected from xanthan, guar, agar, pectin, gum arabic, locust bean gum, hydroxypropyl guar gum, polyglucomannan gum, cationic guar gum, anionic guar gum, alginate, irish moss, and gum arabic.

20. The cooling garment of claim 15, wherein the cellulosics are selected from methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxy ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, and hydroxypropylcellulose.

21. The cooling garment of claim 15, wherein the synthetic hydrogel polymers comprise crosslinked, water-swellable acrylic copolymers.

22. The cooling garment of claim 15, wherein the synthetic hydrogel polymers comprise repeat units from one or more monomers selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylic acid, maleic acid, 2-(meth)acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid, styrene sulfonate, vinyl sulfonic acid, and their corresponding ammonia, amine and alkali metal salts, (meth)acrylamide, vinyl alcohol, vinyl acetate, maleic anhydride, alkyl vinyl ethers, vinylmorpholinone, vinylpyrridine, vinyl pyrrolidone, and acrylonitrile; and one or more crosslinkers selected from the group consisting of N,N′-methylenebis(meth)acrylamide, (poly)ethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, (poly)propylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, glycerol tri(meth)acrylate, glycerol acrylate methacrylate, ethylene-oxide-modified trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, dipentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate, triallyl cyanurate, triallyl isocyanurate, triallyl phosphate, triallylamine, poly(meth)allyloxyalkanes, (poly)ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, glycerol diglycidyl ether, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, pentaerythritol, ethylenediamine, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, polyethylenimine, glycidyl (meth)acrylate, diallyl sucrose, triallyl sucrose triallyl amine, and triallyl methyl ammonium chloride.

23. The cooling garment of claim 15, wherein the superabsorbent polymer has an unhydrated particle size of from 20 to 1,000 microns.

24. The cooling garment of claim 15, wherein the garment is a type selected from the group consisting of a blanket, a cape, a vest, a scarf, a neckerchief, a cap, a hat, a headband, and a do rag.