US1935635A - Boiler with water wall tubes - Google Patents

Description

BOILER WITH WATER WALL TUBES Filed April 9, 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet l ATTORNEY- Nov. 21, 1933. D. s. JAcoBus BOILER WITH WATER WALL TUBES Filed April 9, 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 f fungi-@1mg il ll ll IIII l yENToRe /J/M r @Ma/ 14 ATTORNEKQ Nov. 21, 1933. D. s. JAcoBUs BOILER WITH WATER WALL TUBES Filed April 9, 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 ATTORNEY6 SDM Nov. 21, 1933. D. s. JAcoBus 1,935,635

BOILER WITH WATER WALL TUBES Filed April 9, 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR Patented Nov. 21, 193?,A

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UNITED "STA BoiLER WITH WATER WALL TUBES Davidl S. Jacobus, Montclair,v N.'J., assigner to The Babcock & Wilcox Company, Bayonne,

N. J., a corporation of Newllersey` Application april 9, 1929. 'serial No. 353,842

13 Claims. (01.7122-235) I This invention lrelates toY a` boiler vhaving a furnace that is provided with water Wall tubes connected in series throughwhich water is'circulated by a 'pump so arranged that circulation canvbe changedn directionin all Ytubes or in some of them or made to ow through the tubes inseries or in a Vseries-parallel relation or line 12-2 of Fig. l; Fig. 3 .is a section taken along the line 3 3 of Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a section taken along the line`4f-4 of Fig. 2; Fig. v5 is a vertical section onan enlarged scale, showing some of the' details; FigL 6Y is a section similar to Fig.'- 1, showing ak modification; and Fig. 7 is a section similar to Fig. v1 'showing another modification.

In the drawings', reference characterv 1 indi'- catesa furnace that may be' fired' by meansof the burners 2 located in the front zwallxof the furnace.y Anl outlet 31s provided at the top rearv A.

portion of the furnace and leads toV adownward- 1y extending flue 4 in which flue a superheater may be located. y f

A water pipe 5 leads toa vertically disposed header llocated near a rear corner of the furnace and Ashown with three horizontally disposed furnace wall tubes '7 leadingV therefromalong the rear wall of the furnace at the bottom. These .three tubes? are connected, by means of circularly shapedconnectors 8 (Figs. Sand 4) `to three side wall tubes 9, which are in turn connected by connectors Sto three horizontally disposed front wall tubes. which are connected by connectors 8'to three side wall tubes andsoon aroundand -around the furnacev to a vertically disposed header 10near the upper end ofthe furnace.. Housings 11A are -provided at the corners -of the furnace for the connectors 8.

A pipe 12 leads from the header 10.

The pipe 5 is connected to theoutlet pipe 14 from the circulating-pump 15, a valve lbeing interposed between the pipes 5 and 14. -A pipe v17 provided with aivalve 18 leads from therpipe 5 to the far side of a Valve 19 in the Apipe `20 that leads from the pipe 14- and is provided with a v'alve-21 between the pipe 14 and the valve 19. A pipe 22`leads fromthe pipej20 to a primary separator 23. VA pipe 24leads from the steam space Aof the primary separator 23 to the steam space of the secondary 'separator 25. A pipe 26 connects the'interrnediate portions ofthe sepanected to the pipe 27.'

rators 23 and 25 'near vthe normal water level in these separators, and a pipe 27 provided with valves -28 and 29V connects the lower .ends of the separators 23 'and 25. 1A drainpipe30 is con-1 A pipe 31 leads from the steam space of the steam and /watervseparator 25 to the superheater 32` that is locatedA in the upper `portion of the flue 4.. A pipe 33 -leads from thelsuperheater l32 toa steam main. o A'pipe 34-leads from the'water space of the steam and water separator 25 to the 'circulating pump 15.` A feed water pipe 35 leads fromqa source of feedwater to the feedpump 36 from the outlet of which a'pipe 37 leads to the steam '10; and water separator 25 that is'provided with` a valve 38 (Fig. 5) controlled by a float 39 in the separatorto regulate theamount of ffeed "water that enters the boiler. l V

In the operation of the boiler the feed Water 7;V

is forced into'the system by means of the pump 36- and passes with otherV water 4previously fed and separated from steam through'the circulating pump 15 andrthence through the' furnace Wall tubes in series to -the'separators 23Hand 25 from which the -steam passes to the superheater 32 and vthence toj the' main.VV The 'excess Water together withthe incoming feed water maintains Athe desiredwater levelin theseparators and water may be withdrawnfromfeitheror both separators 23 and l25rthrough the drain pipe 30to remove Water in which the: impurities .have become too -concentrate'd such water being replaced by feed water. When the valves 16 and 19 are open and valves 18 andv 21. closed,r theacirculation of the water through the furnace wall tubes willlbe from the bottom to the' top', and when the valves 18 and 21 are open with the valves 16 and 19 closed thecirculation of the Water Will be from the top to the bottom `through the furnace wall tubes. 'n By the reversal of the flow through the tubes, .the tubes can' be''k'ept cleaner than with the Water always owing in the samedirection through the tubes. 1 Also, under certain conditions of operation it is better to have more Water` and less steam 100A inthe upper tubes than .vin the lower'tubes of the `furnace Wall. and vice versa, so that by this infvention the-Water can be made to flovv'throughv the tubes in such av manner as -to provide most satisfactory operation of theboilen In vaddition, when thevheat absorption is great, the lastv tubes in the series may have too much steam and too little water in them for safetyrrequirements,

in which case the tubes'can be dividedv up into a seriesfparallel system, as will be described below. 110.

In the modification shown in Fig. 6, provision is made whereby water can be sent through the superheater tubes 32 to avoid burning them out during the starting up period. A valve is provided in the pipe 31 leading from the steam space of the steam and water separator 25 to the superheater 32. xA pipe 4l leads from lthe pipe 2O to a pointin the pipe 3l between the valve 40 and the superheater 32 and is provided with a valve 42. A pipe 43 provided with a valve 44 leads from a point in the pipe 41 between the valve 42 and the pipe 3l to a point in the pipe 17 between the valve 18 and the pipe 5. A valve 45 is provided in the superheated steam outletpipe 33 that leads from thesuperheater 32 to the main. A pipe 45 v provided with a valve 47 leads from a point in the pipe 33 between the valve 45 and the superheater 32 to the steam space of the steam and water separator 23.

The arrangement for protecting the superheater, as` described above in connection with Fig. 6, may be .used in connection with-the other modificationsshown in the drawings. During the starting up period with the waterowing upwardly through the furnace Wall tubes, the valves 16,l 42 and 47 are openfwhile'the valves 18, 19, 21, 40, 44 and 45 are closed until the boiler begins to steam, thus causingwater to pass to the separa'- tor through the superheater tubes 32 to protect them. The Water may, however, be caused to pass downwardly-throughthe furnace wall .tubes and thenV through the superheater during the starting up period by opening the valves 21, 44 and 47 and'closing` the valves 16, 18, 19,-40, 42 and 45. Inthe normal operation with upward flow through thefurnace Wall tubes, the valves 16, 19, 40 and Y 45 are open and the vvalves 18, 21, 42, 44 and 47 are. closed. In the normal operation with downward flow through the furnace wall tubes, the valves 18, 21,40and 45 are open and the valves 16, 19, 42, 44 and 47are closed.

In the modification shown inFig. 7, the furnace wall tubes are illustratedas being divided into three sections, each section comprising three tubes connected in parallel, the sections being joined through connections capable of. connecting the sections either in series or in parallel relation with each other. In vthis modification, headers 6, 6 and 5" are provided at the lower ends of the three sections and headers 10,10', and 10 are provided at the upper ends of the sections, yeach section corresponding somewhat to all of the tubes in Fig. 1. Pipes 12, 12 and 12" are connected to the headers 10, 10 'and 10 lsimilar to the way pipe 12 in Fig. lis connected to theheader 10.

A valve 49 is provided in the pipe 17 near the pipe 5, and a valve 50 is provided in the pipe 20 near the pipe 12. Valved pipes 51and 52 lead from the pipe 20 to the pipes 12'` and 12". Valved pipes 53 and 54 lead rfrom the. pipe 20 to the headers 6 and 6". Valved 'pipes 55 and 56 lead from the pipe 17 to .the pipes 12 and 12"'. Valved pipes 57 and 58 lead from the pipe 17 to the Valved pipes 53 and 54. Avalved pipe 59 connectsthe pipe 12 and Valved pipe 53, and a Valved pipe 60 connects the pipe 12" and the Valved pipe 54. By the connection of pipes as shown in Fig. 7 water can be made to circulate by means of the pump'15 from the bottom to the top of the furnace wall tubes in series orl can be made to pass from the top to the bottom in series, or the water can be passed throughthe three sections of furnace wall tubes in parallel either up or down, in accordance with the way the valves are manipu lated. For. example, if it is desired .toV have the water passthrough the three sections in parallel and to flow upwardly, the valves 16, 21, 51, 52, 57, 58, 18 and 19 are open while the other valves'near the furnace are closed, thus permitting water to enter the headers 6, 6 and 6" and leave through the headers 10', 10" and 10.

By opening and closing the proper valves in this arrangement,` not Yonly f can the parallel-series upward flow be obtained as above described, but also a parallel-series down flow or a series upward ow or a series down ow or other combinations through the furnace wall tubes can be obtained.

The variations enable the boiler to be operated most satisfactorily in accordance with different conditions under which it may be operating. The reversal of water through the furnace wall tubes helps'to keep them clean. At highV capacities,

' when there is a tendency for the upper part `of the furnace to be hotter than the lower part, the water may be supplied to the upper tubes. When the loadis light and there* is a tendency for steam to concentrate in' the topof a tubeand water in the bottom with the return bends'tend.- ing to act like a trap to prevent steam from flowing downward as freely as `the water, the water Vmay be supplied so asto have an upwardow through the tubes. When heat absorption is great and a .tube coilis very longthere maybe too much steam and too little waternear the exit for safety of the tubes, and the very highresistance to flow may necessitate large circulating pump power. For this reason, itis frequently desirable to vary the series parallel relationsof the tubes.

1. In a boiler, a furnace having water wall tubes, means for forcing water through said tubes and means for changing the directionof flow at will. v

2. Inv a boiler, a furnace having horizontally disposed water wall tubes, means for forcing waterthrough said tubes andv means for changing the direction of flow at will.

3. In aA boiler, a furnace havingv water wall tubes connected in series, means for forcing water through said tubes and means for changing Vthe direction of ow at will. g

4. In a boiler, a furnace having water wall tubes, meansA for forcing water through said tubes a plurality Yof times around said furnace and means `for changing the direction of flow at will. Y

5. In a boiler, a furnace having water Awall tubes, a steam and water separator to which said tubes are connected, means for passing water 13() fromsaid separator to said tubes, and means forV reversing its direction through the tubes.

6. In a boiler, a furnace having water Wall tubes, a steam and water separatorto which said tubes are connected, a circulating pump for passing water from said separator to saidtubes, and means for reversing its. .direction through the tubes.

7. In va boiler, a furnace having water wall tubes,\said tubes being divided intosectionswith connections to both ends of each section, means for vforcing water through said .tubes and means for changing the direction of flow at will.

8. In a boiler, a furnace having water wall tubes, said tubes being divided into sections with connections to'both ends l of each section, and means for changing said sections from series to parallel relation and vice versa. 1,. I.

9. Ina boiler, a Vfurnace having water. wall tubes, said tubes being divided into section with 15.113

connections'to both ends of each section, and

means forv passing Water in either directiony through said sections.

10. In a boiler, a furnace having Wall tubes, said tubes being divided into sections With connections to both ends of veach section, means for passing Water in parallel through said sections,

additional means for changing the parallel now groups for series flow or parallel flow With respect to each other selectively.

12. In a boiler of the class described, a substantially rectangular furnace, Water tubes 1ocated in the Walls of said furnace, said tubes` crossing each other at the corners of the furnace, adjacent tubes beingv joined together tions, said tubes. extending from the bottom of the furnace wall to the tcp thereof and housings surrounding' said circular connections.

13. In a boiler of they class described, a furnace, Water tubes located in the Walls'of'said furnace, said tubes crossing each other at their ends, adjacent tubes'connected together through substantially circular tubular connections.

DAVID s. JAcoBUs.

vthrough substantially circular tubular connecf

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