US1546009A - Water-tube boiler - Google Patents

Description

C. E. CHAPMAN WATER TUBE BOILER .l

Filed July 2,

AJuly 14, 1925( 1921 2 Sheets-Sheet l July 14, 1925.

c. E. CHAPMAN WATER TUBE BoILER Filed Jlu'hlyl 2, 1921 2 sheexs-shex .2

Patented July 14, 1925.

UNITED STATES PATENT' OFFICE.

CHARLES E. CHAQPMAN, OF FORT EDWARD, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR 0F ONE-HALF T0 JOSEPHVGOODFELLOW,-OF FORT EDWARD, NEW YORK.

WATER-TUBE IBOILER.

Application led July 2,

To all lwhom t may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES E. CHAP- MAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Fort Edward, in the county of Washington and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements' in Water-Tube Boilers, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in water tube boilers. f

AThe disadvantages attending the use of water tube boilers of the various types employing steam drums, boiler sheets, and other similar parts requiring rivets, are Well recognized. Such boilers are 'incapable of withstanding high steam pressure particularly after they have been in use for any considerable period or time and are therefore liable to explode. Also such boilers are extremely dicult to clean if they become incrusted with scale, and they are equally diicult to repair if they become damaged, due chie'ly to the fact that their parts cannot be conveniently disassembled, it being frequently necessary, in some types of such boilers, to dismantle practically the entire boiler in order to eHecty comparatively minor repairs. In consideration of the foregoing it is one of the objects of the present invention to provide a water tube boiler of such construction that the usual steam drums and boiler sheets are entirely eliminated and replaced by headers of a novel construction andcapable of withstanding exceptionally high pressure.

Another object of the invention is to provide a novel means for connecting the water tubes of the boiler with the headers so that in the event any one of the water tubes becomes damaged or bursts, repairs may be eli'ected without materially dlsturbing the connections of other tubes with the headers.

Another object of the invention is to provide a connection between the water tubes and headers of such construction as to withstand exceptionally high pressure, the invention contemplating also the provision, in connection with the means provided for uniting the water tubes to the headers, of clean-out plugs normally held in place with suliicient security to withstand the high pressure generated within the boiler` and yet capable of being readily removed when 1t becomes necessary to remove scale from the 1921. Serial No. 482,019.

boiler, provision thus being made for cleaning of the boiler more conveniently and expeditiously than is possible in t-he usual constructions of boilers of this type.

Various other objects and advantages will be made apparent as the description of the invention proceeds.

In the accompanyin drawings:

Figure. 1 is a vertica transverse sectional view through a boiler constructed in accordance with the present invention;

v Figure 2 is a sectional viewtaken substantially on the line 2-2 of Figure 1 looking in the direction indicated by the arrows;

Figure 3 is a detail vertical sectional view taken substantially on the line 3--3 of Fig- `ure 2;

Figure 4 is a top plan view of' a portion of one of the headers.

Figure 5 is a detail sectional view illustrating one of the upper header connections; Figure 6 is a similar view illustrating one of the lower header connections.

The boiler and its lire box are enclosed within side walls 1, a rear wall 2, and a front wall 3 which walls may be of any construction desired, and these walls surround and project above the plane of a top wall which is indicated in general by the numeral 4. Opposite each side wall 1, the furnace has built within its interior a baille wall indicated in general by the numeral 5 and comprising a lower section 6 which is 'inclined upwardly and inwardly from a point adjaoentthe bottom of the respective side wall 1, and an upper section 7 which is inclined upwardly and outwardly from the top of the section 6 to the plane of the top et and to a point adjacent the respective side wall 1. The lines of juncture of the sections 6 and 7 of the two batlie walls 5 are located horizontally opposite each other and in suitably spaced relation to accommodate the banks of water tubes at their crossing intermediate portions as will be evident by reference to Figure 1 of the drawings. The space between the baile walls 5 and the respective side walls 1 constitutes a dead air space, and in order that the sections 7 of these walls may be aiorded ample'supl port, hollow bolsters 8 are arranged within the upper portions of the air spaces and each preferably comprises a bottom wall 9 secured at its outer edge to the respective Wall 1 and extending horizontally across the aii` space to the juncture of the sections i 6 and 7 of the'respective baile wall; an

upwardly and outwardly inclined wall which extends upwardly from the inner edge of the wall 9 and affords a direct support for the bricks comprising the section 7 of the respective batile wall; and, a top wall 11 which extends horizontally outwardly from the upper edge of the wall 10 and is secured to the respective wall 1. The wall 11 of each bolster constitutes a portion of the top wall 4 heretofore referred to as will be apparent by reference to Figure 1. A portion of the top wall 4 indicated by the numeral 12 is built up of fire brick and constitutes in effect an inward horizontal extension from the upper edgesY of the sections 7 of the baille walls 5. The bafile lwalls 5, rear wall 2 and front wall 3 define the fire box of the boiler, and the products of combustion 'are conducted from the fire` box through a stack 13 which opens at its lower end through the section 12 of the top wall 4. The numeral 14 indicates protective walls preferably of fire brick which extend horizontally inwardly from the lower edge of the section 6 of each baille wall 5 and which, as also the sections 12 of the top 4, serve a purpose to be presently explained.

By reference to Figure 1 of the drawings it will be evident that as the front, rear and side walls of the boilerproject above the top wall 4, an enclosed space is provided above this wall from which the flames are excluded, and similarly an enclosed space is provided beneath the protective walls 14 and the foundation upon which the boiler is constructed. The spaces above referred to are indicated respectively by the numerals 15 and 16 and constitute header spaces to house and protect from the llames the headers with which thewater tubes of the boiler are connectedl as will -presently be pointed out. In order that access may be had to the spaces 15, each of these spaces is closed at its top by a door 17 preferably hinged at one side as at 18. Doors 17 are provided in the walls of the boiler at the bottom thereof so that access may be had to the lower header spaces 16.

The water tubes of the boiler are indicated by the numeral 19 and as will be evident by reference to Figures 1 and 2 ofthe drawings, these tubes are arranged in two banks disposed in the crossed relation illustrated in Figure 1 and inclined at angles cor responding to the angles of inclination of the sections 6 and 7 of the baiiie walls 5. The water tubes of `the two banks are arranged in staggered relation as shown in Figure 2 and each bank of tubes comprises a plurality of rows arranged inyparallel relation, the tubes .of thetwo banks crossing in the space between the juncture of the sections 6 and 7 of the two baiiie walls 5. ByY reference to Figure. 1 of the drawings it will be observed that the lower portions of the banks of" tubes lie beneath the lower sections 6 of the respective baffle walls 5, and that the upper portions of the banks'of tubes are inclined above the upper sections 7 of the baiiie walls, the tubes of the two banks at their upper portions extending upwardly through the respective sections 12 of the top wall 4 and at their lower portions extending through the protective wall sections 14 as shown in the said Figure 1.

The upper ends of the water tubes of each row of each bank are placed in communication with a header located within the respective header space 15, and lower ends of the tubes of each row are placedin communication with a header in the respective header space 16, the upper headers being indicated in general by the numeral 20 and the lower headers by the numeral 21. Inasmuch as the headers are all of identical construction, a description of one will suffice for all. Each lieader is provided with a longitudinally extending `passage way 22 and is forme-d at intervals in its side which is to be placed in communication with the associated water tubes, with tapered openings 23 communicating with the passage way 22. Each water tube at each end is provided with a circumscribing collar 24 preferably welded thereto, and beyond the collar the tube is exteriorly tapered as indicated by the numeral 25 adapting it to fit snugly in a wedging manner within the opening 23 in which it is to be received. At points suitably spaced from and at opposite sides of each opening 23, the header is provided with l a plurality of openings 26 through which are passed bolt rods 27 each threaded at one end into the collar 24 of the respective wat-er tube 19. Nuts 28 are threaded onto the other end portions of the bolt rods 27 and when these nuts are tightened to bind against the side of the header remote from p the side into which the end 25 of the `tube is fitted, the said end of the tube will be drawn tightly into the respective opening 23 and wedged therein in such a manner as to not only provide a steam-tight union but also to withstand a maximum degree of pressure.

Each header 20 is yformed opposite each of the openings 23 with a tapered opening 29 communicating withthe passage way 22, and a tapered plug. 30 is fitted into this opening 29 as best shown in Figure 3 of the drawings and is provided at its outer end with a head 31 through which the outer ends of the bolt rods 27 project, nuts 32 being threaded upon the said ends of the rods and being adapted to be tightened so as to force'the plug 30 int-o the opening 29 and thus normally plug or seal this opening in a steam-tight manner. It will be evident that in order to clean any of the water tubes it is only necessary to remove the plugs located opposite the ends thereof which may be done by removing the nuts 32 and without in any way disturbing the connection of the water tube with the headers.' Also it will be evident that access may be had to the headers for the purpose of adjusting the connections of the water tubes and plugs 30 therewith by opening the doors 1 7 and through the opening closed by the doors 17.

Regarding the construction illustrated particularly in Figure 3 of the drawings whereby the water tubes and plugs are connected and held to the headers, the fact will be appreciated that the push joint connection which is employed for this purpose constitutes a highly eiicient means for uniting the tube ends to the headers and for holding the plugs 30 in place, the union eected being ofsuch a nature as to withstand enormous pressure and being entirely free from any possibility of leakage.

The numeral 33 indicates the fire box door at the front 'of the furnace and b v reference to Figure 1 it will-be observed that the headers 21 at the lower ends of the water tubes of the two banks are located at opposite sides of the grate of the lire box, the headers of each bank being placed in communication with one another at their front and rear ends through the medium of trunks 34 each provided at intervals in its lengths with tapered nipples 35 seated in the tapered ends 36 of the passage ways 22 of the headers as best shown in Figure 6,

bolts 37 being passed through flanges 38 and 39 which respectively surround the ends of the headers 21 and the nipples 35 and being adapted to be tightened so as to draw the nipples with a wedging engagement into the said tapered ends of the passage ways 22 of the headers. .By similar push joint connection indicated by the numeral 40, a plug 41 is fitted into and closes the outer end of one of the trunks 34 at the front and rear of the boiler, and a water supply pipe 42 is connected by a similar push joint connection 43 with the outer end of the other trunk 34, the relatively adjacent ends of the trunks being placed in communication with each other throughthe medium of a pipe 44 interposed between the same and connected thereto by .push joint connections 45. This pipe 44 will extend between the fire box and ash pit doors of the boiler as shown in Figure 1 of the drawings, both at the front and rear of the boiler in the event the boiler is to be fired from both the the twol trunks 34 illustrated in the said ligure.

The ends of the passage ways 22 of the upper headers 2O are tapered as at 46 in the same manner as the ends 36 of the said passage ways in the case of the lower headers 21, and elbows 47 are provided with ta ered 'suitable intervals in the upper sides of trunks 52 and are drawn into place by push joint connections 53. The trunks 52 extend across the front and rear of the boiler and each is in communication with the adjacent ends of all of the headers 20 at the respective side of the boiler. One end of each trunk 52 is closed by a plug 54 wedged in place by a push joint connection 55, and by a similar connection 56 steam outlet pipes 57 are placed in communication with the opposite ends of the two trunks and serve to conduct steam from the boiler.

The numeral 58 indicates a pipe which is tapped at its lower end into one of the trunks 34 at the front of the boiler and at its upper end intoythe trunk 52 at the front of the boiler, and interposed in this pipe is a water gage 59 and a steam pressure gage-60.

In the operation of the boiler water is admitted through the supply pipe 42 and circulating through the lower. trunks 34 and headers 21, rises in the water tubes 19 approximately to the level indicated in Figure 1 of the drawings and which may be determined by inspection of the water gage 59. The flames from the fuel in the re box will impinge directly against the lower portions of the water tubes, being directed by the lower sections of the balile walls 5, and the heated products of' combustion will also impinge against the upper portions of the water tubes above the water level before passing out through the stack 13. Therefore by this arrangement each of the Water tubes constitutes in effect an individual boiler, and the upper portion of the tube above the water level constitutes a space in which the generated steam is heated to a higher temperature before being discharged into the upper headers 20.v However the baille or protective walls 12 and 14 serve to prevent direct contact of the flames and heated products of combustion with the bolt rods 27 and associated parts so that. there is no likelihood of deterioration of the connections establishing communication between the water 'tubes and headers. It will be evident that due-to the inclination of the' water tubes, they are more efectually subjected tothe heat from the fire box than would be the case if they were vertically disposed.

lit will be evident that by reason of the vtapered joint between the water tubes and headers, a much larger contactmarea is provided at the point of union ythan in the ordinary construction. lt will also be'evident that. after the water` tube ends have been fitted into the openings in the headers, the steam pressure within the tubes will tend to bring about a still more intimate contact between the tapered ends of the tubes and the walls of the tapered openings in which they are received thus automatically sealing the connections.

Having thus described the invention what is claimed as'new is:

rIn a water tube boiler, a fire box, the said fire box comprisin a back, a front, side walls, and a top, t e top having a sunken ortion at its intermediate part, a iiue leadlng upwardly from the sunken portion and communicating with the fire box, upper partition walls extending between the side walls of the fire box and the sunken portion of the top and providing air s aces at the opposite sidesv of the iiue, ba e walls extending between the front and back of the o fire box and inclined downwardly toward each other, other bae walls inclined downto wardly other from the lower edges of the first mentioned baiiie walls and extending likewise between the front and back of the tire box, lower partition walls extendin above the bottom of the tire box and etween the lower portions of the last mentioned baiiie walls and providing beneath them an air space, banks of water tubes arranged 'in crossed relation with their lower portions extending parallel to the under sides of the respectiveJ second mentioned bailie ,walls and having theiriupper portions extending parallel to the upper faces of the respective first mentioned baiie walls, the upper ends of the tubes of each bank extendingthrough the upper partition wall and the lower ends extendlng through the lower partition wall, headers connecting the upper ends of the series, of tubes comprising each bank and located within the first mentioned air and outwardly `away from each i spaces, headers connecting the lower ends v

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