US1479035A - Roof covering - Google Patents

Description

www5 l A. C. .FISCHER ROOF COVERING Filed Allg- 16 1920 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 jan., l, E924 -'QS A. C. FISCHER ROOF covERING l Filed Aug. 16 1920 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 V". e i 1 l ffM'W/ 74H5 74 fJ---J --m ---/--J '--fw f-f- 7* l l J Vl 1i] l A. C. FISCHER ROOF COVERING Filed Aug. 16, 1920 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 patented dan. il, 124.

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ALBERT'C. FISCHER, 0F CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

B001? COVERING.

Application led Aug-ust 16, 1920. Serial No. 403,894.

To all whom t may concern.:

Be it known that I, ALBERT C. FISCHER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Roof Coverings, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to coverings in the form of strips or shingles adapted to protect roofs or sides of buildings and the coverings are composed of thin strips of more or less flexible material adapted to withstand the action of the weather when exposed as a covering on such structure.

The strips are laid to form horizontal courses., the lower edge of each shingle or strip of shingles overlapping the upper edge of the next strip or row of shingles below l it. rIhe shingles or strips of shingles are preferably made of a fibrous material compressed and treated to render same waterproof whereby it is rendered capablev of withstanding the heat from the sun and the weather actlon and may also by the use of suitable fire proof ingredients be rendered free from liability of ignition by sparks falling on the roof.

`It has heretofore been proposed to form shingles or strips of roofing material as a protective roof covering from compressed fibrous material and such shingles or strips have heretofore been made in a great variety of forms exposing ends thereof when laid in roof formation, which 'are of rectangular or,other.desired shapes. In such roofs it has heretofore been a difficult matter to prevent the exposed shingle ends .from blowing up and'curling as no suitable method has heretofore been devised by whichthe exposed ends or shingle tabs may be held down.

It is therefore the primary object of my invention to provide a roof covering made -up of shingles or shingle strips provided with interlocking means for preventing the exposed ends or tabs of the shingles or shingle strips from curling or blowing up due to the action of wind or sun whereb the exposed ends or tabs of the shingle willI be separated from the underlying course or courses.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a form of shingle or strip of shingles which are self spacing or which have the desired spacing indications thereon for marking th'e proper spacing of the shingles from each other laterally or in the direction `et the length of the course.

Other objects of the invention will a pear from the description of thevpreferre embodiments of the invention which are depicted in the accompanying drawings forming a part of the specification, the novel features being set forth in the appended claims.

In the said drawings Fig. 1 is a fragmental or broken portion of a roof showing a'plan View of same.

Figs. 2 and 3 are sectional views on lines 2 2 and 3--3 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary plan View similar to Fig. 1 showing in greater detail the manner in which the tab ends of the shingles are secured when formed of strips similar yto the constructions shown in Figs. 5 to 8 inclusive.

Fig. 5 is a plan view showin two strips interlocked together, the view eing taken from the normal reverse side of the interlocked strips.

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the border strip 'of Fig. 5 applied to a supplemental covering strip which is preferably used in laying the first course of the roofing next to the lower edge of the roof.

Fig. 7 is a perspective view similar to Fig. 6 showing the application of the lirst strip of shingles with interlocking means thereto and Fig. 8 shows in perspective the strip of Fig. 7 in process of attachment, attached and secured to the roof. f

Fig. 9 is a perspective view of an individual shingle provided with the interlocking means for holding down the tab ends as shownvin Fi s. 1 to '4 inclusive and also in Figs. Z an 8.

y Fig. 10 is a fragmentary plan view of a roof constructed of individual shingles of the form shown in Fig. 9.

Fig. 11 is a perspective view of a shingle showing the interlocking means slightly modified over the form shown in Fig. 9.

Fig. 12 is aplan view of an individual shingle having the interlocking means for the tab end of the shingle formed separately therefrom and attached thereto, and Fig. 13 is a transverse sectional view on line 13-13 of Fig. 12.

The views of the roof shown in Figs. 1 to 3 inclusive are illustrative of a roof formed of my improved form of interlocking shingle, Whether it be of the individual type of Figs. 9 and 10 or whether it be fol-ined in courses or strips as illustrated in Figs. 5 to Cil 7 inclusive. Reference character 10 of Fig. 9 illustrates the body ortion of a shingle rectangular in form an preferably cut from a sheet of suitable water proof material as felt or aper saturated with water proofing material) such as asphalt, pitch or the like,

Vand having cut..:from the body thereof the interlocking means which forms one of the important features of my tinvention rThis interlocking means is formed by cutting near the tab end or normally exposed end of the shingle two transverse slots 11 and 12 extending from the longitudinal edges of the shingle toward each other but not quite meeting so as to leave a narrow flexible neck portion 13 joining to the shingle an interlocking head composed of lateral extensions 14., 15, which head is permitted by the Hexiblc neck to be bodily depressed from the plane of the shingle of the succeeding row, which carries it, toa plane beneath two spaced shingles of the antecedent row, which are bridged. In ap lying the shingle of Fig. 9 the roof will rst be provided with a Vsuitable sheathing or covering as of lwood or other suitable material, as indicated by reference character 16, Figs. 2 and 3. At the lower or trough edge of the roof there will be preferably rstv provided a sheet of suitable water proof material that may be of any desired width so as to yunderlie one or more courses of the shingles 10, such a strip being desi nated by reference character 17, Fig. 6. ollowing the application of the strip 17 I next lay a course of shingles 10`in the ordinary manner with a spacing between adjacent shingles suHiciently narrow to sustain the bridgin shingles in a plane above them. These s ngleson the first course will preferabl`x have the neck portion 13 and the inter ocking heads 14 and 15 clipped from the bodies ofthe shingles leaving them perfectly plain in form, as indicatedb'y reference character 10a, Fig. 10, since it will be obvious that the interlocking extensions 14 and 15 would not function upon the lowermost course of the roof. In the application of the plain shingles ltrl to the first course the spacing between adjacent shingles will be regulated according to the width of the neck portion 13 onthe shingles 10 so that when the` lain shingles 10il of the first course are astened to the roof sheathing or foundation by nails or other suitable retaining devices, as indicated by reference character 18, Fig. 10, the interlockin heads 14, 15 of the succeeding row of shing es can be introduced as su gested in Figure 7, and brought to the positions indicated in Fig.- ures 1 to 5, 8, and 10, and then nailed or otherwise secured, as indicated at 19, and other and succeeding overlying courses of shingles may be ap lied in the same manner until the root 1s completed.

intense lin the form of shingle shown inFig. 11 the extensions which form the interlocking head are slightly modified asindicated at 14 and 15 by being shortened over the .portion 13, which will be uniform in each shingle desired for a particular installation and'will for symmetrical purposes be about the relative width of the neck portion illustrated in Figs. 9 and 10, which will result in a finished root having the appearance of that illustrated in Fig. 1.

In Fi 8 the body portionsof the shingles 10 are. s own formed in connection with an integral strip of material designated by reference character 20, the tab ends of the shingles 10 being provided with the integral 4interlocking heads 111, 15 connected to the body, part of the shingles 10 by the neck portions 13. When the shingles are formed in continuous strips, as illustrated in Figs. 7 and 8 their application is more economical as the strips may be formed in any desired lengths, and thus a plurality of shingles may be handled collectively. Moreover, by drawing an upper strip upward until'the necks 13 bring up against the integral stri next below, row-spacing is accurately e ected, and the row being laid is justilied in its position, parallel with the antecedent row. When in stri formation at the bottom or lower edge o the roof an lunderlying strip v17 of suitable Waterproof materia. will first be applied as explained in connection with shingle 'of Fig. 10 (Figs. 6 to 8 inclusi-ve) and the interlocking necks 13 of the first course will preferably be clipped ed to form the .lirst row of shingles 10b as indicated in" Figs. `5 to 8 inclusive. Thereafter the a plication of the strips will be precisely as in the case of the Aindividual shingles,-the edges of. the tabs 10b being raised to allow the insertion of the interlocking portions 14 and 15 thereunder, Figs. 5, 7 and 8, and when the strip and the interlocking portions are in proper position the stri s will be nailed down or otherwisev secure as indicated at 2l, Fig.l 8. Suitable fastening means will also be used as well understood for securing the strip 17 and the first strip comprising the shingles 1()b (as indicated by the nails 30, Fig. 7).v

In Figs. 12 and 13 is showna modified form of the shingle of Fi 9, the body art of the shingle indicated y reference c aracter 10 being .formed precisely like the aereos@ body part 10 of Fig. 9 of a rectangular form and having a metallic retaining or lockin device with a neck 33 similar to the nec 13 of the shingle of Fig. 9 and with interlockingheads comprised in extensions 34, 35 thereon which function precisely as the extensions 14 and 15 of the shingle of Fig. 9.,. This attached part will preferably have a widened portion 35a at the extremity of the neck 33 by which same may be riveted, as indicated by reference character 36, Fig. 12, or otherwise suitably attached to the body 10. In the application of the shingle of Figs. 12 and 13 no change is' made over tre 4application of the similar shingle of While I prefer the form of shingle illustrated in Fig. 9 itl will be obvious that thel modifications of the invention as shown in Figs. 11 to'13 may be used to advantage and when any of these forms is employed' it will be seen that the interlocking of the -tab ends of the shingle-s will be so complete with respect to each underlying course that the raising or curling of any of the tab ends of the shingles will be rendered almost impossible or at least very unlikely, which will result in a roof that will be practically impervious to moisture and will endurev in this condition for a long time as it will not be susceptible lto corrosive or rotting effects of the elements when properly prepared of well known. fire :proofing materials and by reason of the described characteristics it will avoid many, if not'all, ofthe objections which have been urged against roofing materials of asimilar character as heretofore constructed.

l claim:

1. ln felt rooting, an antecedent course of closely spaced shingle-like roofing members, and a succeeding course of shingle-like roofing members bridging the spaces between the `members of the antecedent course. and supported thereby in a planev above that of said antecedenti course; the members of the succeeding course being constructed on their lower edges with interlocking heads connected with said members by narrow flexible necks that permit the heads to be bodily depressed from the plane of the course which carries them downwardly'to a plane 'beneath the members of the antecedent course.

2. In felt rooting, an antecedent course of spaced shingle-like roofing members, and a succeeding course of shlngle-like roofing members bridging the spaces between the members of the antecedent course and su ported thereby in a plane above that of said antecedent course; the members of the suoceeding course being constructed on their lower edges with interlocking heads connected with said members by narrow flexible necks that permit the heads to be bodily depressed from the plane of the course which carries them downwardly to a plane beneath the members of the antecedent course; spaces between the members of the antecedent course being closed at their upper ends to arrest the upward movement therein of the necks of the succeeding course and thereby dtermine the position of the succeeding course with reference to the antecedent course.

3. In felt roofing, an antecedent series of shingle-like members, Aa connectin portion uniting said members in a course with spaces between them, a succeeding series of shinglelike members overlapping the antecedent series and provided upon their lower ends with interlocking heads adapted to underlie adjacent edges of the spaced members ofthe antecedent series, andv flexible necks connecting said heads, corresponding in width with the spaces between the members of the antecedent series; the members of the succeeding series being united in fixed spaced relation with their necks at distancesapart to correspond in position with the spaces between the members of the antecedent series, and said necks having a dimension which-permits them to reach from the plane of the succeeding series of members which-carries them, to the plane beneath the members of the antecedent series under which the interlocking heads lie.

4. In felt rooing, an antecedent series of shinglelike members, a connecting member uniting said members in a course with shingle spaces between them, said spaces being open at their lower' end but closed at their upper ends by means of said connecting member, a succeeding series of shingle-like members overlapping the series first named and constructed upon their lower ends with flexible necks correspondin in' positions to the spaces between the mem ers'of the antecedent series, and interlocking heads carried by said necks, :adapted to enter beneath the edges which define said spaces; said heads being adapted, by encountering the closed vends of the slots, to detee the position of the succeeding series upon the antecedent series.

5. A roof covering comprising a stripv of material having transverse slots intersectin the same romone longitudinal edge thereo toward but not reaching the opposite longitudinal edge, thereby orming a Series of united shingle-like tabs; said tabs havin each upon the free end thereof a ilexible nec portion and an interlocking head at the end of said neck portion; the distance between neck portions corresponding to the distance between slots and the necks bein restricted in width within the width of the s ots so that with a pluralit of strips the interlockin heads on the tabs of an overlying strip mi enter beneath the which dee the slots of an underlying strip, and the necks can be defiected from the plane of the overlying strip to a plane beneath the underlying strip.

6. Flexible strip roofing comprising courses of spaced shingles having the shingles of each course united by a portion of the strip extending) transversely of the shingles, the courses eing adapted to be laid with the shingles of a succeeding course lapping those of an antecedent course and covering the spaces between them, the shingles of the succeeding course being provided with slots extending laterally inward from their side edges, that permit lateral portions lof the shinglesl of the antecedent course tooverlap those portions of the succeeding course which lie below the slots and to undel-lie those portions of the succeeding course which lie above the slotsu 7. Flexible strip roofing comprising courses of spaced shingles having the shin- :Leashes their side edges, that permit lateral portions of the shingles of the antecedent course to overlap -those portions of the succeeding course which lie below the slots and to underlie those portions of the succeedin .course which lie above the slots; the lengt of the slots being such as to leave-between their opposed inner ends, necks corresponding in width and position to the spacing of the shingles upon the connecting strips.

llntestimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification on kthis 6th day of August, A. 4D. 1920.

ALBERT (l FISCHER.

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