US1303760A - sheets-sheet i - Google Patents

Description

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 9. :9'13.

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mu. APPLICATIONFILED SEPT. 9 39M? T,3@3,76@ Patented May 13, 1919.

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KILN.

APPLICATION FILED SEPI- 9. NHL.

UNITED STATES PATENT ornron.

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To all whom it may concern: a

Be-it known thatI, Davin R. BONE, a citi zen of the United States of America, 'residing at Oglesby, State oil-Texas, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Kilns, of which the following is a'specification.- My invention relatesfto improved con-- struction-for kilns and the object is'to provide a method of producing heat for. kilns,

furnaces for burning lime and clay products and similar products, to provide apparatus for feeding fuel in powdered form by gravity to the combustion chambers and at the same time preventing cold or normal air from entering the chambers with the fuel, to provide a construction by which all cold -or normal air'is prevented from entering the combustion chambers, tp provide apparatus for preheating the air for combustion purposes, furnishing enough oxygento oxidize and combine with all carbon elements,' and for transmitting the heat so produced to places where it is to be used. Another object is to provide apparatus by which lignite and'other cheap fuel can'be used economically and with a'saving of'labor and, expense. This invention is in part practically a continuation of my copendi-ng application, Ser. No. 182,421, filed July 24, 1917, and .the object of the present application is-to protect various combined improvements for carrying out the heat producing process set forth in the patent granted. to moon October 15, 1918, No. 1,281,902. Other objectsand advantages will be fully explained in the following descript on and the invention will be more particularly pointed out in the claims. I Reference is 'had to the accompanying drawings which form a part of thls application. Figure '1 is a plan view of the mproved kiln, partly broken to. show the improved construction. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of a portion of a kiln. Fig. 3 is a broken longitudinal vertical section, of the kiln, show ingtwo compartments with wares -tobe burned and onecompartment empty. li g. d is a vertical cross-section of thestoknig device, or stoker. .Fig. 5 is a vertical section of the rotary 'discharge feeder; F1g.- 6 1s a vertical cross-section of the kiln. Fig. 7 1S a diagrammatic planview of the furnace.

66 .Fig. 8 .is a diagrammatic .verticalsection of in thecounty of Coryell' and par-tments a indicated bv 6,

parts may -tuting downwardly projecting Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Bray 1-3 1919, Application filedseptembere, 1918. SeriaI'Ko. I

all the compartments for illustrating and explainingthe method of operation.

' S milar characters of reference are used to indicate the same parts throughout the several views. Q

The improvements are embodied in what known as a continuous kiln or ring. kiln. The kilnis providediwith two walls 1 and 2,

which are connected at their ends by curv'ed perpendicular walls 3 and {1, being continuations ofthe side, walls 1 and 2. A centralwall 5 divides the kiln centrally but does not extend to'the ends thus providing an endless or'continuous space for forming compartments within the'walls in contiguous series.

The compartments are formed ,by placing permanent stationary walls or partitions 7' of masonry connected to the central wall 5 and the outer walls 1, 2, 3, and 4. The com- It is' apparent; that the number of compartments may be increasedor decreased and various changes in the sizes, prm

portions and construction of the several be made without departing from.

my invention. The kiln is, provided with a,

nace, the openings through the wares constishafts for the passage of burning fuel an heat. These openings are closed by caps 1Q which are opened only when fuel is tobe fed to the combustionchamb'er or compartment. Fuel is fed through stoking devices shown in detail/ in -Figs. 4 and 5. The fuelfeeder includes a hopper or hoppers 11 and a rotary discharge feeder 12. The -feeder has a-plurality of recesses 13, corresponding generally to the cover or platen 8. Openings-23 in the platen 'continue down through-the wares in the furnum'bnof'openings 23 in a compartment of the kiln to be supplied with fuel. The discharge feeder 12 is mounted in a casing '14.- which c mmunicateswit-h the hop r 11 and a discharge outlet 15, through which fuel is fed to the recesses 13 in the rotary feeder 12. The construction of the 'stoking devices. is such that the connection of the discharge outlet 15 can be connected with an opening 23 substantially excluding air from the atmosphere so that the fuel can be fed to the combustion chamber without admit-tin air. or so that; the admission of air will fie so small that it will not interfere with the'fuel burning process in the kiln sufiiciently to disl I i i 'sipate-'heat.; The stoking devices may be moved about over the kiln in the usual manher (not necessary tobe" described). The goods are to be. placed in and arranged in the furnace or burning chamber in the usual manner. Passages or heat transferring duct-s 16 are formed under the masonry partions 7 for the passage of heat from one compartment' to the. other in series. These'passages or ducts are closed and opened by dampers or valves 17 set edgewise and provided with 'handles 28. Two-dampersil'? with two handles 28 are necessary beca use the heat may progress from either direction.

A damper or valve is kept closed until it is necessary to transfer the heat to the next compartment or burning chamber. The different compartments or burning chambers are pmovided-with doors 18 for convenience 20 in placing the wares in the furnace. Other openings 22 are provided next to the ground for outside firing, and these openings may be closed and kept closed when necessary.

a The upright provisional firing shafts 23 are 25 provided at suitable intervals in the brick or other goods, and these may extend down to the provisional channels 25 which are provided in the goods along the floor of the fur- Dace so that there will be communication of the shafts- 23 with the channels 25. Openings '24 are provided in the floor of the furnace leading from the channels 25 to underground flues 21. There may be any suitable number of openings 2% for each burning chamber 6, all opening into a single flue 21. The fines 21 all lead to a smoke tunnel 19 and each flue 21 is provided with a damper have the fines at. one side or the other in the walls of the kilns; The fines '21 cause aspreading or uniform distribution of the heatby reason of the connection with the openings 2st and draft channels which communicate with the sha ts '23. The large smoke. tunnel 19 is placed below the surface and encircles the entire kiln and communicateswith the suction fan 20. The smaller draft fines 21. lead from thecenter of the V kiln outwardly into the main'fiue or tunnel l9. \Vhen the fan is in ope 'ation it will draw all smoke out-of the kiln and there isan advantage in having the tunnel 19 entirely.

around the kiln because the fan will draw in either direction. In this manner, certain burning chamber or compartment forward.

The work progresses in the ordinary way; that is, when the wares are burned in one compartment,- the next compartment forward will then be treated in the same manner.

The passages 16 under the partition walls i make it possible for the heat produced'in .one burning chamber to pass down under the partition walls and thus become transferred into the next compartment when and after the heat has finished its work of burning the wares in one compartment; The heat that is thus transferred into the next compartment is controlled by dampers 17 which covers the openings 16 under the partitions 7. This same heat is reinforced with additional heat produced byfeeding fresh fuel through the firingholes 23. \Vhenjthe burning of wares in this compartment is finished, the same process is continued in' the next compartment and so 'on, thus keeping up a continuous burning system by feed ing fresh-fuel by gravity in powdered form through firing holes provided in the top or platen 8. This top covering is made in the form of a platen over the topvof the kiln and made from slabs of fireproof material and bricks with a. covering of sand on top.

' The powdered fuel is fed by gravity into the kiln without allowing any of the atmosphere or cold air to enterjnto the burning of the fuel, and this is accomplished by means of the stoking devices above described and shown in the drawings. The burning of products 'is done within a compartment of the kiln which is so perfectly closed that no draft or air is allowed to enter, except a certain amount which is only permitted to come through the compartments in which the burning of the products has just been finished, and wherein there is still remain- '11 ing a high degree of. heat and which is-tr'ans- -mitted through ducts 16. The air thus be- I comes preheated before it reaches the chamber in which'i't is to serve for oxidizing the fuel gases and in bringing about a complete combustion of all fuel. In this construction no air ispermitted to come in contact with the combustion gases, except what has been preheated; and the principal object in building the solid partition walls in this kiln is especially for thelpurpose of exchlding air as stated, and the producing and conserving of heat is better controlled by doing away with the "ordinary removablepartitions in 11Q in conthiuons kilns,which are usually made of paper and other temporary arrange ments that cannot be made to exclude all air from the combustion compartment ofthe kiln.. Forward and"ahead of" the, burning zone, an outlet controlled by an air-tight damper isprovided for the passing out of certain gases, waste heat-and smoke into the large smoke tunnel 19, to the fan or to a chimney. This escape or evacuationprocess provides a draft, causing the main heat to progress, advancing forward as the burning of the product isbeing finished.- Through this large smoke tunnel, hot-air, certain gases and waste heat are drawn from the kiln and are driven through a system of tunnels or pipes. Other openings 22 into each compartment are provided in the outside walls next to the ground to make a slow smoky fire'to carry out the moisture from the green wares through the top of the kiln in the same way afs the water smoking process has always beeh done in the old time open top 'kilns. These. openings are closed up airtight-as soon as the water smoking is complete.

The: operationvmayibe followed in the order designated by the compartments, as

diagrammatically arranged in Fig. 8. 6 indicates the chamber which is being filled with green wares and 6 designates the chamber which has just been emptied. 6 rep're sents the chamber from which the finished goods are removed. 6 6 6, 6 and 6". indicate the chambers having various temperatures, and in which tlie'finished product is being slowly cooled oil, and through which the preheated air is supplied to the chambers 6 and 6, as the direction of arrow heads on thedrawings shows. 'Fuel is fed into those chambers through holes 23 in the top covering to increase the degree of heat as necessary for the burning of the wares. 6, 6, 6 6, 6 and 6 show chambers which have-gradually decreasing temperatures,- and through which. the heat passes from the fires in chambers 6 and 6, as shown bythe arrows pointing to the passages or openings. 6 and (S indicate chambers separated by the partition walls with openings 16 clos (1 up air-tight. -In these chambers the een wares are being water smoked from he fuel in openings 22, with door opening 18 on the outside wall closed up temporarily. Water smoking has just been started in chamber 6, the fires in chambers 6 :6, and 6Pbeing each about a day or so older; than the next adjacent, so that the temperatures 'in the chambers vary as indicated in cham- The advantages of. the improved kilns are derived from the following named outstanding features:

F irst. The construction the partition hi h degree of heat.

Second. Under the stationary partitions,

heat conveying ducts make it possible to control the heat and draft. with regulation in each of the compartments better than when;

such partitions are made temporary have to be removed.

Third. Having under the said "stationapartitions the heat and draft conveyin ducts, it is possible by opening the same by removing the damper or valve to have-the 1 heat and draft enter into the next compart .ment in a more regulated way than it is ossible to be done in cases where the w ole partitions have to be removed. i

Fourth. Bya plurality of draft openings in the floor of the kiln chamber in straight lines across from inside wall to outside wall, the heat and draft are made'to spread the full width of the burning chamber which is not the case where the draft openings going out. of the chamber or kiln are made eitherat one side or the other or are made in any of the walls of the kiln.

Fifth-The large draft tunnel :being out- 7 side the .kiln connecting with the smaller 0 fiues 21' in'each burning chamber,-.provides possible means for entering the said tunnel through numerous manholes located at points where the smaller flues 21' connect with the large tunnel 19 and makes it easy to enter the tunnel 19 for the purpose of plastering around the flue dampers for making the same air-tight while the kilnis in operation.

' Sixth. That the entire construction of this kiln is economical is in evidence because the need of expensiveconstruction, both in the center wall and the outside wall, is eliminated. The'plans are simple and the walls may havei the same -construction as the old. I g lkiln walls used in'the common open old type;field kilns.

Seventh.-.T-he efliciency of this-burni' process is; made possible by being provide with means for excluding all the air from the chamber which is under process of burning the goods and at the same time permitting a suflicient amount of preheated air to come inthrough goods or wares that have already beencured and which still retain a around said central wall, means for dividing said space into'a series of burning chambers, a floor for saidchambers having. pluralitles of openings therein, a smoke tunnel surrounding said outer wall, a series of tunnels or flues connecting the openings in said floor 125 with said surrounding tunnel, and means for creatmg a draft in saidsurrounding tunnel.

'2. A. ldln'of the continuousburnmg tylpe for burning clayproducts having a plum of connected in'; 13)

permanent masonry wells forming partitions normal air from entering with the fueLseid between said-oharmbers and a floor therefor- .floor havlng ,openings therein, an under- 14) having pas'sa'ges .under. each partition wall ground outslde continuous smoke tunnel surfor progressive feeding of preheated air forrounding said kiln and underground, flues .yvai'd'from cooling ofi'chembei's, mea'ns for connecting said openings with said tunnel.

closing and opening said passages, means for 4' In testimony whereof, I set my hand, this feeding bygravityiuel in powdered form 4th dayof September, 1918.

.to said chambers and for preventing cold 01 DAVID R. BONE.

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