UA95606C2 - Multi-layer protectedsecurity paper and method for making it - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to multi-ply security paper for the production of security or value documents, such as banknotes, identity cards and similar. An endless security element (54) is introduced into a first paper ply (52), which is freely accessible on at least one side of the paper ply (52). The first paper ply (52) is covered on the side thereof from which the security element (54) is freely accessible, by a second paper ply (56) and the second paper ply (56) comprises one or more openings (58) in the region of the security element (54).

Description

The present invention relates to multi-layer protected paper for the production of protected or valuable documents, for example, banknotes, identity cards and the like.

For protection, the protected paper or valuable documents are usually provided with authentication features, for example, watermarks, inserted security threads and the like, which allow establishing the authenticity of the protected paper or valuable document, and which at the same time serve as protection against unauthorized reproduction.

In the context of this invention, the term "protected paper" refers to unsealed paper, which is usually presented in a quasi-infinite form and which is subsequently subjected to further processing. A document prepared for its intended use is called a "valuable document". Valuable documents in the context of this invention are, in particular, banknotes, shares, bonds, certificates, vouchers, checks and valuable entrance tickets and other papers for which there is a risk of their forgery, for example, passports and other identification documents, as well as goods protection elements, for example, labels, stamps, packaging and the like. In the future, the simplified concept of "protected paper" or "valuable document" refers to all such documents and means of protection of goods.

In the past, such authentication features, which can be introduced into the protected paper only during the manufacturing process, were recognized as particularly reliable. Authentication features of the first type, such as watermarks, security threads, chemically active additives or colored fibers, serve to visually verify the authenticity performed by the individual. Although these features are visually noticeable, they guarantee a high degree of security, since paper equipped with such authentication features can only be produced using high-end equipment that the forger does not have access to and which is economically unprofitable to acquire or reproduce for counterfeiting.

In addition to features that can be determined visually and without aids, secure paper has also for a long time provided authentication features of a second kind, which can only be determined with the help of special detection devices. In the presence of signs of this type, the counterfeiter additionally experiences complications related to the need to first determine the presence of the sign and its special properties.

Many secure papers and valuable documents contain authentication features of both mentioned types to provide different levels of authentication. For example, a security thread intended for insertion into banknotes or other valuable documents may contain an inverted inscription that is visually visible in passing light and, additionally, a magnetic code that can only be read by machines.

Based on this, the purpose of this invention is to create a protected paper of the type described above, which has a high degree of protection against forgery.

Multi-layer protected paper is a protected paper consisting of many layers, and the connection can be made already during the manufacture of the paper or only after the manufacture of the paper. For both options, many different principles have been proposed, according to which the secured paper can be provided with one or more authentication features. Foreign elements may be applied to the protected paper, visual or machine-readable indicia may be introduced in the individual layers constituting the multi-layered protected paper, and interlayers may be included between two or more individual layers.

Multi-layered security paper contains at least one layer consisting of paper. Further layers can be similarly formed from paper, as well as from other materials, for example from plastic films.

Foreign elements can be applied, for example attached, to the protected paper both during and after the manufacture of the paper in an endless form, for example in the form of a strip or tape, or in the form of individual elements in the form of stickers. Individual elements such as fibers, coin disks, pigments, printing images and the like, or endless material such as security threads, security strips, nets, grids, woven material or foil tapes can be used as interlayers between the layers.

When making paper, quite a lot of features introduced into individual layers of paper can be used.

For example, individual layers may have a different thickness or different composition as a whole or only in certain areas.

The latter option can be implemented, for example, by introducing additives during the manufacture of separate layers or by forming separate layers from different fibers. In addition, individual layers may have different local structures. This option includes, for example, authentication features such as through-holes, watermarks or interlayers made in one or more separate layers. Further deformation of the paper layers can also be used, for example, with the help of a leveling roller.

If the paper layers are joined together only after the paper is made, for example by lamination, then the authentication features can be made, on the one hand, by the means just mentioned, so in particular by varying the thickness, composition or local structure of the layers paper Additional possible options are that different materials, for example, paper and plastic films, are combined with each other.

Then one, several or even all different layers of the material can be provided with authentication features, which allows to achieve a particularly high degree of protection against forgery, when authentication features from different layers show functional interaction with each other. For example, elements of information located in different layers can complement each other to form a constituent element of information, or for the manifestation of an authentication feature in one layer, the presence of another feature in another layer may be necessary.

In the first aspect of the present invention, in the first layer of the protected paper of general appearance, an endless protection element is made, which is freely accessible from at least one side of the paper layer. On the freely accessible side of the protection element, the first layer of paper is covered with a second layer of paper having one or more holes in the area of the protection element. Preferably, the size of the hole(s) in the direction perpendicular to the direction of movement of the endless protection element is smaller than the width of the specified protection element, so that it does not protrude beyond the protection element.

The endless protective element can, in particular, be formed by a protective thread or a wide protective strip. Here, the security threads have a width of 2 mm or less, usually around 1 mm. In the context of this description, the wider, endless protective elements are referred to as protective strips. They, in particular, have a width from 4 mm to 20 mm, in some cases even up to 30 mm.

While narrower security threads are usually inserted into the first layer of paper, wide security strips usually divide the first layer of paper in two so that they are visible and accessible from both sides of the paper layer. Here, at the edges of the protective strip, a characteristic uneven edge is mostly formed, which cannot be reproduced by cutting or cutting. The protection element can also be attached to the first layer of paper using an adhesive material.

In addition, the infinite protection element can be provided with variable optical effects, in particular, a diffraction pattern, a hologram, a color change effect, or another interference layer effect. It can also be provided with a typographic image, in particular, positive or inverse symbols.

The openings of the second layer of paper can be made, for example, in the form of a gap in the form of a strip extending along the endless protection element. Such a gap can be closed during manufacture with an opening tear-off strip, so that initially a closed protected paper is formed, in which the hole can be made later. Also, any other shape can be used for the holes, for example, a regular sequence of circular or angled gaps. In the preferred embodiment, the hole in the second layer of paper is filled with a transparent material, in particular, polyurethane glue.

Regarding the preferred embodiment of the protected paper according to the present invention, the first layer of paper contains a watermark, and the second layer of paper in the area of the watermark has a gap in which the watermark clearly stands out.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first layer of paper has a density of from 60 to 80 g/m, in particular from 65 to 70 g/m, while the second layer of paper has a density of from 15 to 45 g/m?, in particular from 20 to 25 g/m". In a second, also preferred embodiment, the relationship is reversed, and the first layer of paper has a density of from 15 to 45 g/m?, in particular from to 25 g/m, while the second layer of paper has a density of from 60 up to 80 g/m, in particular, from 65 to 70 g/m.

In the method for manufacturing the protected paper described above, the following steps are performed - a first paper web is formed, and an endless security element is introduced into the first paper web, so that the endless security element is freely accessible from at least one side of the paper web - a second paper web is formed, which then as it is still in a wet state, it is connected and firmly fastened to the first paper web, so that it covers the freely accessible side of the protection element - and one or more holes are made in the second paper web, which, after connecting with the first paper web canvas, turns out to be located on the site of an endless element of protection.

The production of the first and/or second paper web mainly takes place in a direct-flow round-mesh paper-making machine. Alternatively or additionally, the first and/or second paper web can be produced in a pressure forming device in which the paper mass is sprayed onto a casting cylinder.

In a particularly preferred variant of the development of the method, the second paper canvas is made on a casting cylinder, the holes of which are closed on the fragments of the sections. Thus, the formation of the sheet is blocked on these fragments of areas and areas without paper fibers, that is, holes are formed in the second paper web.

The holes are preferably closed by applying, in particular, attaching, an overlay strip, by local printing on the casting cylinder of a layer of varnish or by means of an overlay ring resting on the side surface of the casting cylinder from the inside. It is also possible that during the manufacture of the paper, the endless protection element is rolled onto the casting cylinder so that it closes the openings of the casting cylinder where it is rolled.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, at least two layers of paper made of different fibers are combined with each other in the protected paper of general appearance. At least two layers of paper can be, in particular, formed from fibers of different colors or lengths, or from fibers containing additives with different properties.

In one embodiment, layers of paper made of different fibers are made with the formation of complementary gaps and complement each other to form a combined layer of paper. This combined paper layer has a thickness no greater than the thickness of the individual layers, since each of the individual layers in the combined paper layer is located in the gaps of another paper layer. In the simplest case, the paper layers contain two complementary stripe patterns, so that the alternating sequence of stripes from each of the two separate paper layers forms a combined paper layer.

In another embodiment, at least two layers of paper made of different fibers have gaps in the form of vertical or horizontal stripes and overlap in the protected paper so that they form a checkerboard pattern.

In another preferred embodiment, the first layer of paper containing the watermark is formed from short fibers and, in order to increase its tensile strength, is combined with a second, thinner layer of paper containing long fibers. Preferably, the first layer of paper containing short fibers is uniformly inserted between two thinner layers of paper having long fibers. Thus, the high tensile strength of the long-fiber layer(s) is combined with the pronounced watermark effect of the short-fiber layer.

In another preferred embodiment, the first layer of paper containing the watermark is covered with a second layer of paper formed in the area of the watermark from transparent fibers, and outside the area of the watermark from ordinary, opaque fibers. In this case, the watermark is protected by a section of transparent fibers and, despite this, is clearly visible.

It should be understood that at least two layers of paper made from different fibers can be combined with other continuous or discontinuous layers of paper. They can also be combined with a protection element that is preferably visible through the layers of paper, at least on a fragment of the area, such as holes.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing protected paper, in which - in the first wet part of the paper machine, the first paper sheet is formed and, if necessary, provided with features that are individualized, for example, a hole or a watermark - in the second wet part of the paper machine, second paper web - the second paper web is connected and firmly fastened to the first paper web by means of a pick-up web, and in which - from the second paper web, which is still in a wet state, the paper fibers are removed by means of a suction device, preferably in a drive with signs of the first individualized paper canvas.

The suction device can be a perforated suction drum or a suction pipe. Here, the suction pipe can suck in pulses or, alternatively, in continuous mode.

The holes of the suction drum or the suction pipe can have an arbitrary shape, so that holes of a more complex shape can also be made, for example, stars, alphanumeric symbols, etc.

In the variant of this invention, the fibers of the second paper web are removed using a suction device only partially in order to form areas of smaller thickness in the second paper web. Sections of a smaller thickness in the second paper sheet can, for example, be performed in alignment with sections of the watermark of the first paper sheet in order to increase their brightness.

According to another variant, the fibers of the second paper web are completely removed with the help of a suction device in order to create holes in the second paper web. These holes are preferably made in a guide with holes in the first paper web. Thus, the holes in the first and second paper sheets can be complementary to each other to form a through hole. Preferably, the holes in the first paper web are made with the help of so-called e-types located on the casting cylinder, while the hole in the second paper web is formed in the form of a through strip during continuous suction with the help of a suction pipe, and the e-type hole and the hole in the form of a strip placed one above the other. Of course, the protection element in the form of a strip can also be additionally placed between the paper sheets or on one of the paper sheets, and the protection element in the preferred implementation options is placed in the area of the holes. Here, the width of the protection element can correspond to the width of the opening, but it can also be smaller or larger than it.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the method, the suction device is placed between the second and first wet parts so that it picks up the paper fibers of the second paper web on their way to the first paper web. However, the suction device can also be placed after the point of connection of the first and second paper webs. In this case, the paper fibers of the second paper web are preferably selected through the holes in the first paper web.

To ensure accurate alignment of the holes in the first and second paper webs, the first paper web is formed on the casting cylinder and a suction device, in particular, a perforated suction drum, is driven in alignment with this casting cylinder.

The specified precise marking of the holes of two paper sheets is preferably combined with a protection element, the corresponding signs of protection of which in this case are visible on both sides of the protected paper. Since the security element, in particular, the security thread, is preferably a double-sided security thread, it is possible to use, for example, a security thread in the form of a double-sided hologram, a security thread with a double-sided layer of printing ink, or the like. The protection element can also have in the direction of movement of the paper web an element located in the guide with the document to be produced. Then the protection element is performed in a longitudinal guide, which for protective threads can be realized, for example, by means of straight thread guidance.

In particular, in the case of a limited distance between the first and second wet parts, the suction device is formed preferably of a trapezoidal or triangular shape to obtain a sufficiently large contact surface with the second paper web.

In another preferred embodiment of the method, a suction device formed in the form of a suction wheel containing many segment plates is used.

Such a suction device can, as a rule, be used in the manufacture of paper for the purpose of forming thin areas or holes in a wet paper web. The suction device is formed by means of a suction wheel containing a plurality of segment plates, and one or more intermediate plates forming extraction holes for extracting the substance/water mixture from the wet paper web is made in the form of segment plates, and on both sides of the intermediate plates there are two overlay plates that serve to define boundaries. At least a portion of the segment plates preferably have channels connected in each case to extraction holes for selecting the substance/aqueous mixture. To prevent sticking of fibers, the sections of the intermediate plates adjacent to the pulling holes are preferably made recessed.

In addition, a fixed vacuum device can be provided, which, in the process of operation, is drawn behind the surface of at least one of the overlay plates of the rotating suction wheel, and which, in order to realize the sampling of the material/water mixture, is connected by means of one of the channels to the extraction opening, which is in each case in contact with the paper canvas.

According to the preferred variant of the development of this invention, the selecting device is covered with a flexible plastic mask, which has holes in the form of patterns, symbols or codes in the area of the extraction holes. These holes can have a very fine structure and be made, for example, in the form of alphanumeric symbols or finely engraved graphic symbols. They can also form patterns that are continuous or arranged in a precise pattern.

In another aspect of the present invention, the invention includes a method of manufacturing protected paper, in which a paper web is formed in the wet part of a paper machine on a casting cylinder and lifted from the casting cylinder by means of a carrying belt, and in which the lifting of the paper web is performed by means of a suction device located in in close proximity to the casting cylinder and at a short distance from the carrier belt. Here, a negative pressure is preferably created in the suction device, which is greater than the negative pressure inside the casting cylinder by at least 0.1 bar, in particular preferably by about 0.2 bar. With the help of such a suction device, the formed sheet can be separated from the casting cylinder of the paper machine especially cleanly and without tears.

In the preferred embodiment, the suction device is formed by means of a rotating suction drum, which is preferably driven synchronously in precise alignment with the discharge cylinder of the wet part. In the preferred embodiment, the suction drum has a perforated round chamber surrounded by a perforated rubber membrane and cloth of a certain permeability.

The described method is especially suitable for such manufacturing options, in which a watermark is made in the paper canvas on the casting cylinder. Due to the different thickness of the paper in the area of the watermark, the distance from the suction device to the discharge cylinder is then advantageously matched to the local thickness of the paper.

The present invention also includes a form intended for the production of paper in a paper machine, which has elevations and notches for the production of watermark areas and on which patterns are made in the notches, which facilitate the separation of the paper from the form.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the elevations and recesses for making watermarks in the form of a strip are located like a strip next to each other. In particular, the patterns are mainly formed by grooves, in particular, grooves cut in recesses. The presence of patterns in the recesses leads to a more even application of the paper mass on the form, easier separation and, therefore, to a more uniform brightness in the areas of the watermark of the paper canvas being produced.

Another aspect of the present invention includes a method of making a through hole in a multi-layer protected paper, in which - forming a first paper web and providing it with an opening - forming a second continuous paper web, which, while still wet, is connected to the first paper web - the connected first and second paper webs are pulled between the carrier cloth of the first web and the carrier cloth of the second web, and - the carrier cloth of the second web is lifted from the connected paper web in order to receive a fragment of the section of the second paper web in the area of the opening of the first paper web and, thus, in order to make a through hole in the connected paper web.

Here, the carrier cloth of the second web is mainly affected with the suction pressure 52, and the carrier cloth of the first cloth is affected in the areas outside the opening with the suction pressure 51, which is greater than 52, so the second paper cloth cannot be lifted in these areas. In one variant of the implementation of the method, no suction pressure is applied to the fabric of the first canvas in the area of the opening, which can be implemented, for example, by means of suction in pulse mode. Preferably, in the area of the opening, the carrier fabric of the first web is uniformly affected by means of opposite blowing pressure, in particular, with an air jet, a water jet or a laser beam to ensure the lifting of the second paper web in this area.

According to another aspect of the present invention, for a general type of protected paper, at least in the first layer of this protected paper, a luminescent substance is uniformly distributed in the volume of the paper layer and, if necessary, one additional substance with certain characteristics, and this first layer of paper has, at least on a fragment sections of at least two different paper thicknesses.

Because the phosphor is distributed evenly over the paper, different paper thicknesses are reflected in the amount of phosphor present or phosphor emitted, i.e. areas of thicker paper have more phosphor per unit area than areas of thinner paper, and therefore areas of thicker paper the intensity of fluorescent radiation is also higher than on areas of thinner paper.

If now, depending on the location of the detector above the finished document, the intensity of the fluorescent radiation turns out to be reduced, then you can draw a conclusion about the thickness of the paper in this place and you can make a profile of the thickness of the layer. A special advantage is that during the production of paper, it is possible to introduce a certain thickness modulation into it, for example, in the form of a bar code, which can be easily measured by the method according to this invention. Only when the measured intensity curve corresponds to the entered thickness modulation, the document can be considered authentic. Since it is very easy to modify the thickness modulation during the manufacture of the paper, the protected paper can be provided with many codes that vary widely. In addition, the number of codes can be significantly expanded by introducing an additional substance with certain characteristics.

All fluorescent and phosphorescent substances can be used here as luminescent substances, which, after appropriate excitation, emit light in the visible, ultraviolet and infrared range of the spectrum. Luminescent substances that emit light outside the visible range of the spectrum are mainly used. For example, substances similar to those disclosed in EP 0053183 B and EP 0052624 B can be used as luminescent substances.

The concentration of the luminescent substance in relation to the weight of full-size paper usually varies from 0.05 wt. 95 to 5 wt. 95, preferably from 0.1 wt. 95 to 1 wt. 95.

Preferably, the luminescent substance is transparent in the visible range of the spectrum, so that it is not easy to visually distinguish it. The spectrum of available luminescent substances and their optical properties is very wide, so that a potential counterfeiter, even if he knows that a luminescent substance is present, will have to perform a complex analysis to determine the correct luminescent substance and the optical properties of this substance. which are checked in certain areas. Fluorescent substances that are not commercially available and that have special optical properties and can only be detected by measuring devices specially set up for this purpose are suitable for machine validation. So, for example, luminescent substances with anti-Stokes or quasi-resonance characteristics can be used. Preferably, luminescent substances are used, in which both the excitation and emission spectra lie outside the visible range.

Luminescent substances are introduced into the paper, for example, by adding them to the paper pulp during the manufacture of paper and evenly distributing it through the mixing of the paper pulp.

The luminescent substance used can be combined with one or more additional luminescent substances, as well as with one or more additional substances with certain characteristics. Here, as a substance with certain characteristics, all materials that can be introduced into the paper pulp during the production of paper and can be perceived by machines, that is, in other words, exhibit a physically or chemically measurable or detecting effect, are suitable. Substances having electrical and/or magnetic properties can be used here, such as electrically conductive pigments such as metal particles, electrically conductive polymers, magnetizable iron oxide, or iron particles and paramagnetic particles, for example, containing Mi or Mp. The concentration of a substance with certain characteristics in relation to the weight of full-size paper is usually about 1 mab. 95.

Substances with certain characteristics can be processed as paper fillers in the papermaking process.

Methods for this are known to specialists in this field of technology.

The first layer of paper additionally has thickness modulation on at least one fragment of the area, that is, areas where the protected paper has a different thickness. There can be any possible forms. In the simplest case, there is a section in the paper layer that has two different thicknesses. Different paper thicknesses can be made using different methods. Windows can also be made in the paper layer, that is, areas with zero paper thickness.

However, in most cases, thickness modulation is implemented in the form of a watermark. Here, the watermark can be inserted into the paper layer at the stage of its production, or made by embossing later. Here, the thickness modulation can take any possible form. In its simplest form, a watermark forms a barcode. For example, a watermark can also be formed as a two-dimensional local code like a checkerboard. But complex watermarks can also be produced and used according to this invention, for example, portraits with different paper thicknesses, which are visible on the finished paper in the form of different shades of gray.

For the production of a watermark in the form of a strip in the form of a bar code, a method of manufacturing protected paper having windows in the form of threads, similar to that disclosed, for example, in EP 059056 A, can be used.

This method is performed in a paper machine containing a casting cylinder. In contrast, in a paper machine with an endless wire, by means of embossing on the paper web after the paper is made, a watermark is made in the form of a strip through the leveling roller, creating the desired thickness modulation.

The paper of the first layer of paper usually has a weight of 65 to 120 g/m, a density of 500 to 1000 kg/m3 and a thickness of up to 200 microns. For an average paper thickness of 100 µm, the thickness of areas that appear brighter in transmitted light is about 85 µm or less, and the thickness of areas that appear darker in transmitted light is about 115 µm or more.

Preferably, the paper of the first layer of paper has a weight of 70 g/m2, an average thickness of 100 microns and a density of 700 kg/m3. Here, the areas that appear brighter in transmitted light have a thickness of about 70 μm.

In another version of the implementation, the differences in paper thickness are visually imperceptible. This is achieved by keeping paper thickness variations very small. Here, the minimum or maximum thickness of the paper in the watermark area is from 1 to 10 95, preferably from 1 to 5 95, above or below the average thickness of the paper. In transmitted light modulation, paper thicknesses that are, for example, between 105 µm and 115 µm are no longer visible as a watermark to the naked eye, but can certainly be detected with a detector.

Another option for hiding areas with different paper thicknesses is to seal them. Preferably, printing inks are used that do not absorb in the range of the spectrum in which a substance with certain characteristics is excited and emits, that is, which are transparent.

In an embodiment of the multilayer protected paper according to the invention, the first layer contains thickness modulation and at least one luminescent substance, which, if necessary, can be combined with other luminescent substances. The second layer may not contain any luminescent substance, contain the same luminescent substance as the first layer, contain a luminescent substance that is different from the substance of the first layer, or a combination of different luminescent substances. This can also be applied to any layer of paper contained as an extra. The thickness of the paper varies in the first and second layers or, if necessary, also in subsequent layers, can be coordinated in different layers so that the layers complement each other, forming a multilayer protected paper of constant thickness.

If necessary, in addition, one or more additional substances with certain characteristics can be introduced into individual layers independently of each other. Substances with certain characteristics are, as described above, machine-readable substances that mainly have electrical and/or magnetic properties.

In this aspect, the present invention provides the advantage that although the protected paper is simply provided with luminescent substances, it can be made to have multiple codes implemented by simply varying the thickness of the paper. The number of different possible variations can be further increased by combining luminescent substances and substances with certain characteristics. The production of coded protected paper is particularly simple in that the introduction of luminescent substances and, if necessary, substances with certain characteristics, as well as the modulation of the paper thickness, occur in one step during the production of the paper, and do not require the integration of any additional equipment into the paper machine. Thus, various banknotes, denominations of banknotes or also tax stamps, etc. can be economically provided with machine-readable code.

In addition to the possibility of simple production, the degree of protection against forgery can also be significantly increased, which is carried out due to the fact that the code is made invisible, that is, visually imperceptible, but nevertheless can be easily determined with the help of machines. Due to the fact that luminescent substances and substances with certain characteristics are introduced into the volume of paper, it is also impossible to change the authentication mark further without destroying the paper.

In addition, a method of verifying the authenticity of the protected paper is proposed. In authentication, the luminescent, electrical, and/or magnetic properties of the protected paper are measured using a detector, and the specific intensity of the signal is related to the concentration of the luminescent substance or substance with certain characteristics, as well as to the thickness of the paper. The intensity of the signal depends as follows: the higher the concentration (amount of substance per unit volume) of a luminescent substance or a substance with certain characteristics in a given paper, or the thicker the paper in a certain place, the higher the intensity of the measured signal.

In the watermark area, relative to normal paper thickness, the paper is thinner in areas that appear brighter in transmitted light and thicker in areas that appear darker. Therefore, modulation of the thickness of the paper causes modulation of the amount of luminescent substance or substance with certain characteristics.

Accordingly, the intensity of the signal also varies. Measurements are mostly carried out using a hand-held sensor that reacts to various luminescent substances or substances with certain characteristics.

Next, some particularly preferred variants of the implementation of the multilayer protected paper according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings, in which, for ease of understanding, the scales and proportions are not observed.

The drawings show:

Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a double round mesh paper machine for the production of protected paper

In Fig. 2, a paper machine containing a circular mesh paper machine and a device for forming under pressure are shown schematically

In Fig. 3, the structure of the layers of protected paper according to an example of the implementation of this invention, in a cross section

In Fig. 4A, (a) is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the layers of protected paper according to another example of the implementation of this invention, and (B) and (c) are a top view of the front or back side of the protected paper

In Fig. 5 and 6, the structure of the layers of other types of protected paper according to this invention, in a cross section

In Fig. 7, (a) is a casting cylinder of a device for forming under pressure, which has an attached overhead strip, and (B) is a fragment of an overhead strip separately

Fig. 8 shows a casting cylinder corresponding to the one shown in Fig. 7(a) having an overlay ring located inside

In Fig. 9 and 10, the structure of the layers of other types of protected paper according to this invention, in a cross section

In Fig. 11, a three-layer protected paper according to an example of the implementation of this invention, in (a) - in a cross section and in (B) - a top view

Fig. 12 shows another view of the protected paper according to this invention, top view

In Fig. 13 and 14, the structure of the layers of other types of protected paper according to this invention, in a cross section

Fig. 15 is a schematic representation of a double casting cylinder system containing a perforated form cylinder for the production of protected paper according to this invention

In Fig. 16, the perforated form cylinder according to Fig. 15 is shown separately

In Fig. 17-20, the structure of the layers of other types of protected paper according to this invention, in a cross section

In Figs. 21 and 22, each of them shows a fragment of a section of a paper machine for the production of multilayer protected paper according to this invention

In Fig. 23, the suction couch-shaft according to Fig. 22, in a cross section

In Fig. 24, (a) is a schematic representation of a form for making watermarks in the form of a strip, and (B) is a cross-section of the paper separated from the form in the area of the watermark

In Fig. 25, an intermediate step of paper production, illustrating another possibility of making a through hole on a multilayer protected paper

Fig. 26 shows a valuable document containing protected paper according to the invention, which corresponds to another example of the implementation of this invention

In Fig. 27-29, variants of the protected paper according to Fig. 26, in a section along the line A-A

In Fig. 30, the measured signal during the reliability check, namely the intensity | depending on the measurement point

Fig. 31 is a schematic representation of a paper-making machine containing a selection device according to this invention

In Fig. 32, the protected paper according to this invention, in (a) - a top view, and in (B) - in a cross section

Fig. 33 and 34 are schematic images of types of protected paper according to other examples of implementation of this invention, top view

Fig. 35 shows another type of protected paper according to this invention, in cross-section

In Fig. 36 is an example of the implementation of the selecting device, which is suitable for use in the paper machine according to Fig. 31 and which is especially suitable for conditions of limited space

In Fig. 37, a fragment of the side view of the suction wheel according to another example of the implementation of this invention

Fig. 38 is a top view of the suction wheel, which, in comparison with Fig. 37, has extraction holes made in a slightly different way according to another example of the implementation of this invention, and

In Fig. 39 (a) and (p) is a side view of the middle segments of the suction wheel according to Fig. 38 in the direction of the lines A-A and in-v.

Figure 1 schematically shows the depicted double round mesh paper machine 10, which is used in the production of protected paper. The papermaking machine 10 contains two round-mesh papermaking machines 12 and 14, connected to each other by means of a pick-up cloth 16.

In the first paper machine 12, on the casting cylinder 18, a paper web 20 is formed, into which a protective element is introduced, here it is a wide, moisture-proof protective strip 22. For this, the protective strip 22 enters the protrusions 26 of the casting cylinder 18 before being immersed in the paper mass 24 of the paper machine cars. The protective strip 22 can have, for example, a width of 20 mm or even 30 mm. Due to its large width in the areas where the moisture-proof protective strip 22 is applied to the protrusions 26 of the first paper form 18, the formation of the sheet does not occur, so that the protective strip 22 divides the first paper sheet 20 into two parts.

Here, a characteristic uneven edge is formed at the edges of the protective strip 22. For better fastening of the protective strip 22, water-permeable or even fiber-permeable areas can be provided at its border areas.

On the second paper machine 14, a second, uniform paper sheet Z0 is produced in parallel, it is selected from the casting cylinder 34 with the help of a pick-up cloth 16, and transferred to the first paper machine 12, where it is connected to the first paper sheet 20 in the area of the pressure cylinder 36. Here, the first paper web 20 with the attached protective strip 22 is continuously covered with a uniform second paper web 30. Then the connected paper webs 38 are transferred to further processing points, for example, for calendering, sizing and the like.

As shown in Fig.2, the second paper web 30 can also be produced using a device 40 for forming under pressure, in which the paper mass is sprayed onto the surface of the casting cylinder 44 using the nozzle 42 of the pressure box. In particular, a thin layer of paper with a density of 15 to 25 g/m, for example, can be produced using such a pressure forming device.

It should be understood that with the help of the presented paper machines 12, 14, 40, three or more paper webs can also be produced and connected in a similar manner.

A multi-layer protected paper 50, for example, such as may be produced using one of the paper machines shown in Figures 1 and 2, is shown in cross-section in Figure 3. The protected paper comprises a first layer 52 of paper, separated by a wide protective strip 54, and a thinner second layer 56 of paper covering one side of the first layer 52 of paper. In a preferred embodiment, the first layer of paper 52 has a watermark, and the protective strip 54 contains a hologram or a hologram-like diffraction pattern. Here, a thin second layer of paper 56 serves as a reinforcing element in the area of the protective strip 54. Alternatively, in the first layer of paper, in the direction along the security thread introduced into the paper, there may be openings that will be wider than the protective strip. The second layer of paper covers the first layer of paper.

For the production of the multi-layer protected paper according to Fig. 3, a process can also be used in which, firstly, a layer of paper 52 having a hole in the shape of a strip and a layer of paper 56 are made and connected, and then in the hole in a protective strip 54 is inserted into the shape of the strip.

In the example of implementation according to Fig. 4, in the second layer 56 of paper, a gap 58 is made, the width or diameter of which 60 is smaller than the width 62 of the protective strip 54. The gap 58 can be made, for example, in the form of an opening in the form of a strip having a width of 60 , but it can also be made in the form of a separate hole of any shape.

The size 60 will then correspond to the size of the hole in the direction perpendicular to the direction of movement of the protective strip 54. In an embodiment in which the gap 58 is a sequence of holes arranged in a straight line, Fig. 4(a) shows the protected paper in cross section, and Fig. 4 (p) and 4(c) are top views of the front and back sides of the protected paper.

In another embodiment of Fig. 5, a protected paper 64 is presented, in which, in contrast to the embodiment of Fig. 4, not a wide protective strip is introduced, but rather a narrow protective thread 66 having a width of 1.5 mm or less. With such a protective thread, the formation of the reverse side of the sheet in the first paper machine 12 is not suppressed, so that the protective thread 66 does not separate the first layer 52 of the paper, but rather is introduced into it and freely accessible only from one side.

In both implementations, the first layer 52 of the paper may contain a watermark, additional holes, or other authentication marks. If the first layer 52 of paper contains, as shown in Fig. b, a watermark 68, then the second layer 56 of paper is preferably discontinuous in the area of the watermark 68 in order to improve the visibility of the watermark. Instead of a protective thread, a wide protective strip can also, of course, be inserted into the protected paper in Fig.b6.

In order to form a gap 58 in the second layer 56 of paper, the pore sections of the casting cylinder of the casting device of the second sheet, for example, the casting cylinder 44 of the device 40 for forming under pressure, are closed on the fragments. As shown in Fig. 7 (a) and (b), this can be implemented using a mesh strip 70 attached to the body of the casting cylinder 44 and having covered areas 72 in the shape of the desired holes. To form a gap in the form of a strip, the overlay strip 70 can also be made completely impermeable.

Alternatively, the openings of the mold surface can also be sealed at desired locations by varnish sealing. A layer of varnish applied with the help of screen printing can be easily washed off again after the work is completed, and then the form is provided with a new layer of varnish for further work.

According to another variant, shown in Fig. 8, an overlay ring 74 is provided inside the casting cylinder 44, located on the axis 46 of the mold and such that it has closed and perforated fragments of areas that abut in the radial direction on the outside of the mold body and, therefore, prevent the formation of a sheet on closed fragments of plots.

In all the described methods, gaps 58 are made in the second layer 56 of paper, which have an uneven edge that cannot be imitated by cutting or cutting.

According to another version of the manufacturing method, the protective thread or protective strip is supplied to the casting device of the second sheet, for example, to the device 40 for forming under pressure. Here, the casting cylinder of the casting device of the second sheet can be masked in the area of the protective thread or the protective strip, or the approaching protection element can itself cover the casting cylinder accordingly. In this variant, the thicker first paper web can be formed such that it contains or does not contain a through hole in the area of the protection element.

Fig. 9 shows an example of the implementation of the protected paper 80, made according to this manufacturing option. The first and second layers of paper 82 and 84 are marked with different hatching for illustrative purposes only, they appear as uniform layers of paper on the finished protected paper 80. The security element 86, located in the opening of the second layer of paper 84, is visible from both sides of the protected paper, thanks to the presence of a gap 88 in the first layer 82 of paper, and may contain, for example, optically inspected elements on both sides. If necessary, the protection element 86 can be attached in the opening of the second layer of paper using an adhesive material. Gaps in the form of strips or other holes of any shape can be filled after the polyurethane-protected paper has dried.

A variant of the modification of the multilayer protected paper according to Fig. 9, in which the gaps can be opened at any time after production, is presented in Fig. 10. As in the implementation example in Fig.9, in the second layer 84 of the protected paper, a protection element 86 is made, separating this layer of paper, and in the first layer 82 of the paper, a gap 88 is made in the form of a strip. In addition, in the gap 88 in the form of a strip during the manufacture of paper, a separating strip 90 is additionally introduced, on the reverse side of which a thin layer 92 of paper is formed. On the finished protected paper, the separation strip 90 can be removed together with the applied layer 92 of the paper in a similar manner to the tear strip, leaving behind the opening formed as a result in the first layer 82 of the paper, which provides a view of the element 86 protection.

It should be understood that more than two layers of paper can also be combined to form a multi-layered security paper. For example, a relatively thick layer of paper produced on a direct-flow casting cylinder, and into which watermarks, apertures or a security element may be introduced, may be combined with two or thinner layers of paper produced on other sheet forming devices, in particular the one described above devices for forming under pressure. These paper layers can be made using separate sheet formers or also produced by separate pressure boxes on the same short former.

Some particularly preferred embodiments of such a multi-layered security paper will now be described with reference to Figs. 11-14.

Fig. 11 presents, on (a) - a three-layer protected paper 100, in a cross section, and on (B) - a top view. A protective tape or a wide protective strip 104 is inserted into the first, thick layer of paper 102, made on a direct-flow casting cylinder, in the manner described above. Two heterochromic thin layers 106 and 110 of paper are applied to the first layer 102 of paper using two devices for forming under pressure.

Layers 106 and 110 of the paper are made by masking the casting cylinders of the corresponding devices for forming gaps in the form of strips under pressure. Here, the casting cylinder of the first device for forming under pressure in order to form in the second layer 106 of paper gaps 108 in the form of strips is provided with vertical adhesive strips. The casting cylinder of the second device for forming under pressure is masked with horizontal strips, which create on the third layer 110 of paper gaps 112 in the form of strips, which are located vertically in relation to the strips 108 of the second layer 106 of paper. Here, the terms "horizontal" and "vertical" for the adhesive strips refer to the axis of the corresponding shape of the pressure molding device.

Thanks to the gaps 108 and 112 in the form of strips, vertical to each other, a checkerboard pattern is formed on the protected paper 100, as well as an overview of the surface of the protection element 104 at the intersections.

In this embodiment, the second layer 106 of paper is colored reddish, while the first and third layers 104 and 110 of paper are white.

In areas 114 where neither the second nor the third paper layers have gaps, the reddish color of the second paper layer 106 shows through the thin third paper layer 110 and creates a slightly reddish appearance. On the horizontal spaces 112 in the third layer of paper, the image of the second layer of paper 106 is revealed, so that a stronger red color appears there. In the areas with gaps only in the second layer of paper 106, the red coloring is absent, so that in these places a pattern of vertical white stripes on a reddish background is visible. Finally, the surface of the first layer 102 of the paper is open at the areas 116 of the intersection of the two patterns in the form of gaps. On the gap in the form of a strip 108, which is located immediately above the protective strip 104, the surface of the protective strip 104 appears at the sections 118 of the intersection, so that other authentication features can be seen here.

In Fig. 12, the protected paper according to another variant is shown in a top view. In this embodiment, the first pressure forming device forms a paper layer 122 having strip-shaped gaps, and the second pressure forming device forms a paper layer 124 that is complementary to the first, also having strip-shaped gaps, so that the two layers 122, 124 of paper in the form of strips complement each other, forming a continuous layer 120 of paper. In order to create visually perceived or machine-readable contrast, the layers 122, 124 of the paper, in particular, are formed from different fibers, for example from fibers of different colors or different lengths, or from fibers containing additives with different properties. The paper layer 120 may also be combined with a third, uniform paper layer or with other layers containing paper or plastic.

Another example of the implementation of this invention is shown in Fig. 13. To combine particularly high tensile strength with a well-visible and clear watermark in protected paper 130, paper layers of different thicknesses and containing fibers of different lengths are used. The middle layer 132 of the paper is made of short fibers on a direct-flow casting cylinder. About 2/3 of the total thickness of the protected paper 130 is applied to this layer 132 of the paper. It is provided with a watermark 134 located on a fragment of the site, which, due to the use of short fibers, has a clear outline and a pronounced watermark effect.

On the upper and lower sides, the middle layer 132 of paper is combined with two thinner layers of paper 136, which are made, for example, using a device for forming under pressure. For their manufacture, longer fibers are used, which give the multilayer structure 130 particularly high tensile strength.

Another variant of this invention is shown in Fig.14. In this variant, the thicker layer 142 of the protected paper 140 is provided with a watermark 144. On the surface of the first layer 142 of the paper, two layers 146 and 148, complementary to each other, are applied to the surface of the first layer 142 of the paper using a pressure forming device, the first layer 146 applied using a pressure forming device has in the area of the watermark 144 there is a strip-shaped gap on which there is a second layer 148 applied using a device for forming under pressure. The second layer 148 applied using a device for forming under pressure is formed from transparent fibers, in this example of implementation - from corresponding polymer fibers , through which the area of watermark 144 is at the same time well protected and clearly visible.

Now, with reference to Figs. 15-20, one of the possibilities of producing protected paper by means of a dual system of high speed casting cylinders will be explained. For this purpose, Fig. 15 schematically presents a double system 150 of casting cylinders, which has a configuration similar to Fig. 1, containing the first casting cylinder 152 and the second casting cylinder 154 for the production of the first and second paper webs 156 and 158, which are also combined in the area of the pressure cylinder 160 are connected together. Typically, the first casting cylinder 152 has a separate configuration in each case for producing different types of protected paper.

If the second paper web 158 has a mass in the range from about 10 to 45 g/m, then it has been shown that the option when the second paper web 158 is made homogeneous, i.e. like vellum paper, because then the second casting cylinder 154 can have homogeneous structure. In particular, in this case, there is no need to match the second casting cylinder 154 with a certain configuration of the first casting cylinder 152 in each case. Thus, the optimization of the technical design provides a stable and cost-effective option for the production of just such vellum paper with low density.

However, in this case, the individual configuration of the second casting cylinder 154 can be implemented only with great expense or is impossible at all.

In some cases, however, an individual configuration of the second paper web is also required. If, for example, in addition to the hole in the side wall of the first casting cylinder, a side hole for the paper of the second casting cylinder should also be provided, and this hole should be in the wet part, then in general, the second casting cylinder 154 should have an individual configuration. The possibilities of implementing such an individual configuration by partially closing the holes of the second casting cylinder were already indicated above. The implementation of these possibilities, especially in the case when the opening of the second casting cylinder in the direction of movement of the paper web can be located in different places, leads to the fact that there can be no combination on any document that is produced.

If, in contrast, the openings of the second casting cylinder are to be superimposed on the documents being produced at some predetermined locations, then in the above approach, the circle of the second casting cylinder must correspond to the first casting cylinder and move in concert with the first casting cylinder in alignment with it and with its speed of rotation. This requires significant costs for the equipment of paper machines, as well as for the manufacture of the mold and the replacement of the mold.

Thus, the manufacturing process described below is not based on the principle of implementing a highly efficient operating mode of the second casting cylinder in the mass range of 10-45 g/m? and on achieving individualization not by individualizing the second casting cylinder 154, but rather by individualizing the vellum paper web being produced, 158. For this purpose, a perforated form cylinder 170 is provided in the implementation example, which is depicted again in Fig. 16 separately.

Perforated form cylinder 170 contains a metal drum 172 across the width of the paper web, which has channels 174 of the desired location and size and which, in addition, is provided with a vacuum-suction connection 176. Perforated form cylinder 170 is mounted on an axis and located between a second casting cylinder 154 and the first casting cylinder 152 at a short distance from the pick-up cloth, on which the second paper web 158 is led to the pressure cylinder 160. The circle of the metal drum 172 corresponds to the length of the printing sheet and, therefore, is located in the guide with the first casting cylinder 152. In addition, the perforated mold cylinder 170 is driven in alignment with the first casting cylinder 152 to ensure accurate alignment.

Using the vacuum-suction connection 176 and the channels 174, the paper fibers of the second paper web 158 can be sampled, so that new effects can be implemented in the guide with the first paper web 154.

For example, in the example implementation in Fig. 17 presents a protected paper 180 containing a first layer 182 of paper, which has a watermark 184, and a second layer 186 of paper applied to the first layer of paper. Here, with the help of the perforated mold cylinder 170 in the wet part of the paper machine 150, the paper fibers are removed from the second layer 186 of the paper in the guide with the watermark 184, so that the watermark 184 becomes clearly visible. For this variant of making the watermark 184, it is not necessary to remove all the paper fibers in the area of the watermark, but it is rather sufficient to partially remove the fibers from the second paper web 156, as shown in Fig.17.

Also, selective complete removal of the fibers of the second layer 186 of the paper can be applied, as illustrated for the protected paper 190 in Fig.18. At the removal areas 188, the first layer 182 of the paper is completely exposed.

In addition, in addition to the holes in the first paper web, the partial or complete removal of the paper fibers of the second paper web can be combined with the introduction of various security elements, for example, diving security threads or double-sided security threads, or double-sided security elements introduced only on one side. Here, the protection element can have an element in the direction of movement of the paper web, which is in the guide with the document, which is produced later. Then the protective element is introduced into the guide in the longitudinal direction, which for protective threads can be implemented, for example, by means of directional guidance of the thread.

Figure 19 shows a protected paper 200 having a plurality of through holes 202 which are formed by precisely aligned holes in the first and second layers 204 or 206 of the paper. After the paper is made, the through holes 202 can be closed on one or both sides with a transparent or translucent film 208.

In the modified version of Fig.20 in the manufacture of the first paper web, the two-sided protective thread 212 is made in such a way that it lies completely on the first upper side. If the perforated mold cylinder 170 is moved accordingly, then the through hole 214 formed by the precisely aligned holes in the first and second layers of paper is closed from the inside by means of a protective thread 212.

Then, each of the topside and bottomside security features of the security thread 212 becomes visible from two opposite sides of the security paper 210.

The through hole(s) in Fig. 19 or 20 can also be made to include a film thread element that is inserted only on one side and/or in longitudinal alignment with the document being produced later.

The perforated mold cylinder can also be located just after the point of connection of the first and second paper webs, and at this point it can select the paper fibers of the second, thinner web through the holes in the first paper web.

In particular, in the manufacture of relatively thin paper webs, such as those often used for one of the layers of multilayer security paper, there is a danger that holes will be torn in the finished paper web when the web is separated from the casting cylinder. This danger can be eliminated, for example, by means of a suction couch shaft located above the supporting form.

For this purpose, Fig. 21 shows a fragment of a section of a paper machine for the production of multilayer protected paper, for example, such a paper machine, which is shown in Fig. 2. Here, in addition to the elements already described in relation to Fig. 2, the suction gach-shaft 220 is located above the supporting mold 48 for carefully removing the formed sheet of the casting cylinder 44. For this, the suction gach-shaft 220 applies negative pressure, which in this implementation example is 0.2 bar greater than the negative pressure inside the casting cylinder 44. Thus, the sheet is pulled by the suction couch shaft 220 up onto the supporting mold 48 and separated from the casting cylinder 44 cleanly and without tears.

Such a suction couch shaft can preferably also be used in relation to a direct-flow casting cylinder, as illustrated in Fig.22. Fig. 22 shows a fragment of the section of the paper machine for the production of multilayer protected paper, in which the suction gauche shaft 230 is located in a floating state at a short distance above the casting cylinder 18. Due to the location in the floating state, the casting cylinder 18 and the watermark structure are protected from damage. Since the suction gouch shaft 230 does not rest on the casting cylinder, it must be additionally guided by means of an independent drive mechanism, preferably synchronously in precise alignment with the casting cylinder 18.

When the thickness of the paper is about 0.7 mm, the distance from the suction roll 230 to the discharge cylinder is preferably less than 1 mm. Therefore, the shaft 230 rises on areas of paper with watermarks where the paper thickness can be up to 1.2 mm, so that it also does not touch the form in these areas. Such a suction couch-valve 230 can preferably be used, for example, in the production of watermarks in the form of a strip on protected paper. By providing support when separating the paper web, strips with stable high brightness can be made.

In this embodiment, the suction couch shaft 230 contains, as shown in cross-section at

Fig. 23, the perforated bronze body 232 is about 2 cm thick. The holes 234 in the bronze body have a diameter of about 6 mm. From the outside, the bronze body 232 is surrounded by a perforated rubber membrane 236 and cloth 238 of a certain permeability.

The uniformity of watermarks in the form of a band on multilayer protected paper can also be increased by using the form 240 shown in Fig. 24(a). In order to form a watermark in the form of a strip, the form 240 according to the present invention has an appropriately located sequence of elevations 242 and recesses 244.

In the recesses 244 of the form, that is, the areas corresponding to the greater thickness of the paper, grooves 246 are cut, which facilitate the separation of the paper from the form 240. It was shown that the presence of the grooves 244 leads to a more uniform application of the paper mass to the form, improved selection, and, therefore, to a more uniform the brightness of watermarks produced in the form of a strip on a folded paper canvas 248 (Fig. 24(B)).

As already mentioned above, it may be necessary to form a through-hole on the multi-layer protected paper. For this purpose, holes can be made in the layers of paper, which are located in the guide, for example, with the help of the perforated form cylinder described above. Another possibility will now be described with reference to the image shown in Fig.25.

Fig.25 shows an intermediate step of paper production, in which the first and second paper webs 250 and 252 are already combined and connected to each other. The hole 254 is made in the first, thicker paper sheet 250, and the second paper sheet 252 is formed uniformly and without individual features. Two paper cloths 250, 252 move on the first cloth 256, which is affected by the suction pressure 51 at the areas 258 outside the opening 254. The suction pressure 52 is applied upwards to the second cloth 260 lying on the second paper cloth 252. Here, the suction pressure 5i is greater , than the suction pressure 52 , so the second paper web 252 in the areas 258 cannot be lifted from the second cloth 260 .

In the area of the opening 254, the suction pressure 51 is not applied in the downward direction, which is implemented, for example, by means of suction in pulse mode. Thus, the suction pressure 52 prevails in these areas and the second paper web 252 is lifted from the cloth so that a through hole is created in the multi-layer protected paper 250,252. If necessary, to facilitate the lifting of the second paper cloth in the area of the opening 254 on the first cloth 256 can also blow an air jet. Other means may also be provided, for example, the opposite pressure implemented by means of a laser beam or a water jet, or an opening of a special geometric shape, which facilitate the separation of the second paper web in the area of the opening 254.

As already mentioned, in addition to the use of substances with certain features, there is another possibility of introducing authentication features into multilayer protected paper, for example, the use of luminescent substances. It has been shown here that particularly preferred are embodiments in which, in at least one layer of paper, the luminescent substance is distributed uniformly throughout the volume of the paper layer, and this paper layer has a different paper thickness at least over a fragment of the area, which will be explained below for several examples of implementation .

For this purpose, Fig. 26 presents a valuable document 300 according to the invention, here - a banknote in which a watermark 302 is entered in the form of a strip in the form of a barcode. Fig. 27 presents a valuable document 300 in cross-section along a straight line and illustrates the used structure of layers of protected paper. Similarly, the protected paper contains a uniform first layer of paper 304 and a second layer of paper 306 connected to it, having a stepped profile.

The elevations 308 of the second layer of paper, i.e. areas of thicker paper, appear darker in transmitted light, and the recesses 310, i.e. areas of thinner paper, appear lighter in transmitted light. As a substance with certain characteristics, a luminescent substance 312 is evenly distributed in the second layer 306 of the paper.

This version of the protected paper can be produced in a number of ways. First, a barcode can be printed on the second paper web, in which a luminescent substance is uniformly introduced, and secondly, a watermark in the form of a barcode can be introduced into the second paper web during the process of forming the paper web on the casting cylinder. Of course, combinations of luminescent substances can also be used. In addition, a substance with certain characteristics or a combination of substances with certain characteristics of the type described above can be introduced into the second paper web.

Fig. 28 shows the structure of a valuable document according to another example of the implementation of this invention, in a cross section. When viewed from above, the valuable document 320 looks similar to the valuable document shown in Fig. 26, but here the second layer of paper 306 has through-holes 322, and the first layer of paper also contains a luminescent substance 324, which may, in particular, be different from the luminescent substance 312. The first and/or second layers of paper may also contain one or more than one other substance(s) with certain characteristics of the type described above. For example, the first layer may contain a luminescent substance, and the second layer - a substance with certain characteristics.

The production of this variant of the invention can be carried out according to the method of production of protected paper having windows in the form of threads described above. According to this option, two sheets are formed and connected, the upper and lower sheets, windows are made in the upper sheet, and the lower sheet is made solid. Desired luminescent substances and substances with certain characteristics are introduced into the sheets in the process of manufacturing the upper and lower sheets. Alternatively, the windows in the top sheet may also be made after its manufacture by punching, cutting or the like.

Fig. 29 shows the two-layer structure of the valuable document 330 according to the invention, which is formed when sectioned along the line AA in Fig. 26. In this implementation example, both layers of paper have watermarks in the form of a strip. The second layer 306 of the paper contains a luminescent substance 312, and the first layer 304 of the paper contains a luminescent substance 324, different from the substance 312, and in addition to it, a substance 332 with certain features. In addition, it is possible for other luminescent substances to be present in the first and/or second layer, independently of each other, and, if necessary, one or more substances with certain characteristics can be introduced into the first and/or second layer, independently of each other. one In the general case, the strips of different layers can be aligned, or they can also be arranged differently. In another version of the implementation, modulation of the thickness of both layers can be implemented using windows.

Fig. 30 shows a measurement signal 340, which is obtained when checking the authenticity of a valuable document 300 according to the invention, which has a watermark 302 in the form of a strip. The intensity I of the measured signal 340 is plotted along the y-axis as a function of the measured position x, that is, the position of the detector over the valuable document. Here, the emission intensity of the luminescent substance 312 is measured. In areas of thicker paper, the signal intensity is greater than in areas of thinner paper, because, depending on the thickness of the paper layer, there is more or possibly less of the luminescent substance or substance with certain characteristics under the detector. If the detector is moved in the direction across the watermark 302 in the form of a strip, the measured intensity in the area of the thicker paper will be greater than in the area of the thinner paper, and therefore the result of the measurements will be similar to the bar code that is obtained from the measured signal 340.

If the document of value to be examined or the layer of the document of value has windows without the luminescent substance 312, then the measured intensity of the luminescent substance drops to zero. Verification of the authenticity of valuable documents 320 or 330 containing different luminescent substances occurs in a similar way, and if necessary, filters are used that pass the radiation of only one luminescent substance.

Another embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to Figs. 31-39. First, in the example of implementation in Fig.31, a paper machine 370 is presented, in which the first layer of paper is made using a countercurrent casting cylinder 374, and the second layer of paper is made using a device 372 for forming under pressure. Although in the following description the first layer of paper will always be referred to as a layer of a counter-current casting cylinder, it should be understood that the first layer of paper in another embodiment can be made in the context of this invention using a direct-flow casting cylinder.

Two layers of paper are combined on the area of the glue roller 376 and pressed together. Between the layers of paper, a protective thread 378 is introduced, which is fed to the countercurrent casting cylinder 374, or a protective strip. Holes can be made in the second layer of paper 384 (the layer of the pressure forming device) using the first selection device 380 located between the pressure forming device 372 and the countercurrent casting cylinder 374. If necessary, the holes can also be made in the first layer of paper ( layers of the countercurrent casting cylinder) using an optional second selector 382 located after the junction of the two paper layers.

Fig. 32 shows a fragment of two-layer protected paper 350 according to the invention, viewed from above, which can be produced using a paper machine 370, similar to the one shown in Fig.

Fig. 31. In the first paper web 360, there is a round hole 354, which was mainly made using paper processing technology using e-types applied to the casting cylinder. In the second layer 358 of paper, preferably made using a device for forming under pressure, there are holes 356 in the shape of a star. In this example implementation, these holes were made by means of a perforated suction drum 380, which removes the fibers of the paper, which is still in a wet state, from this second paper web. Here, the shapes of the two holes 354 and 356 can be arbitrary. Also, the orientation of the holes relative to each other and their size can be controlled according to the requirements. For example, two openings can be placed one above the other, forming a through window. But they can also, of course, be located next to each other. Of course, the holes can also be larger or smaller with respect to one or the same size. In addition, as depicted in this example of implementation, a security element 352 in the form of a tape, for example, a wide security thread, can be inserted between the paper webs in the area of the openings. Here, the protection element 352 in the form of a tape is hidden by the first and second layers of paper and when viewed from above is visible only in the holes 354 and 356. Fig. 32(r) shows the protected paper in a section along the line A-A. The protection element 352 in the form of a tape is covered with the second layer 358 of paper, as well as the first layer 360 of paper and is open for access in the holes 354 and 356. Here, the size of the holes can correspond to the width of the protective strip. However, it is also of course possible for one or both openings to be wider or narrower than the strip-shaped security element.

If the two layers of paper are an injection molding device layer 358 and a countercurrent casting cylinder layer 360, between which a security thread 352 is inserted, then, due to the different relative sizes of the holes in the injection molding device layer and the countercurrent casting cylinder layer and the width of the security thread 352, as well as the relative location of these two holes and the potential features of the security thread, there are many possible implementations, all of which can be performed using the paper machine 370 shown in Fig. 31 (or in other paper machine implementations, in in which the first layer of paper is made using a direct-flow casting cylinder).

In the first variant, with the help of the first selecting device 380, holes 356 are formed in the layer of the pressure forming device, which can be formed in any shape, for example, in the form of letters, symbols or the like. The thread 352 lying on the e-type is inserted into the countercurrent casting cylinder 374. Here, the e-type is chosen so high that the fibers can "float" under the introduced thread, and the thread therefore lies in the area of the e-types exposed. In this version of the hole 354, the countercurrent casting cylinders are always narrower than the thread width.

The shape of the opening 356 of the layer of the device for forming under pressure can be narrower than the width of the thread, as shown in Fig.32(a), or also wider than it. The holes 356 can be oriented in the same exact position as the holes 354 of the countercurrent casting cylinder, as shown in Fig. 32(a) left, or randomly located between these holes or overlap with them. In the first case, this variant illustrates through windows, the size of which is limited by the opening 354 in the layer of the countercurrent casting cylinder, see Fig. 32(B). In the reflected light, the required shape of the holes 356 is visible only from the side of the pressure forming device layer. In the second case, in this variant, a substrate is provided, in which the protective thread 352 is inserted and is partially open on both sides. Then a through window is formed only when the opposite holes happen to coincide.

In the second variant, which is shown in the top view in Fig.33, the holes 354 in the layer of the countercurrent casting cylinder are always made larger than the holes 356 in the layer of the device for forming under pressure, and the holes 354 can be narrower or wider than the width of the thread. The holes 356 in the layer of the device for molding under pressure can be located exactly in the same place as the holes 354, as shown in Fig.33, or randomly located between these holes or overlap with them. A through window is formed only in the case of an arrangement with an exact combination of two openings. In this case, the shape of the holes 356 in the pressure forming device layer is visible from both sides of the substrate. If the holes are not aligned exactly with each other, the substrate is again provided with a protective thread 352, partially open on both sides.

In the third variant, shown in Fig.34, the holes 356 are made in the layer of the device for forming under pressure, as described above, while the countercurrent casting cylinder has neither e-types nor relief. With the help of control of the lead, which can be carried out, for example, with the help of drive marks 362, the holes 356 in the layer of the device for forming under pressure are aligned with certain sections of the protective thread 352, which is fed to the countercurrent casting cylinder. For example, the inverted inscription 364 of the security thread 352 may be visible in the holes 356 in the layer of the pressure forming device.

According to the fourth option, which is presented in Fig.35 in a cross section, the holes 356 are made in the layer 358 of the device for forming under pressure, and the protective thread 352 is fed to the countercurrent casting cylinder.

Here, the countercurrent casting cylinder 374 is provided with relief, the protrusions of which are preferably located in a guide with holes 356 in the layer of the pressure forming device, so that the formed openings 354 in the form of windows in the layer 360 of the countercurrent casting cylinder and holes 356 in the layer 358 of the pressure forming device are formed alternate on both sides of the substrate.

According to the fifth variant, firstly, a hole is made in the layer of the pressure forming device in the manner described above, and the layer of the pressure forming device and the layer of the countercurrent casting cylinder are pressed with a protective thread. After separation of the paper layer completely in the area of the protective thread, holes are selected using the second selecting device 382. The holes of the two layers of paper can be located in alignment with each other or in a random manner.

The sixth option is similar to the third option, but the countercurrent casting cylinder in this option is equipped with a watermark relief that falls on the area where the thread passes. With the help of the first selection device 380 in the layer of the device for forming under pressure, holes of any shape are selected, so that the thread becomes open in the selected areas. By combining the watermark and the holes in the layer of the pressure forming device, it can be realized, for example, that the watermarks of the layer of the countercurrent casting cylinder will be located around the selected holes.

Instead of suctioning areas from the first or second paper web, it is also possible to invert the suction mechanism of the first and/or second device 380, 382 and apply the substance to the paper layer. For example, the holes of any shape of the device 380 can be filled with material, for example, fibers, plastic granules or rubber, and the material is transferred to the wet web of the device for forming under pressure by means of positive pressure or adhesion. After that, the paper web is pressed with a layer of a countercurrent casting cylinder equipped with a thread. Then the introduced material looks like a dark figure in passing light.

If oil is applied as a material, the figure can also appear translucent on the dried substrate.

The diameter of the first or second selecting device 380, 382 depends on the length of the sheet and is preferably chosen as large as possible to maintain the rotational speed as low as possible. However, the maximum possible diameter is also limited by the space distance between the pressure forming device 372 and the countercurrent casting cylinder 374. Since in the case of a small diameter, the surface of contact with the layer 384 of the pressure forming device will also be small, it may be appropriate, in particular, in conditions of limited space, use the selector device 380 not of a round shape, but rather of a trapezoidal or triangular shape, as shown in Fig.36. In this embodiment of the selection device 380, the selection forms 386 are attached to the elastic material 388 of the base. In this example, traction is implemented using circuit 390.

Now, particularly preferred embodiments of the selecting device 380 according to the present invention will be described with reference to Figs. 37-39. In the presented example of implementation, a suction wheel 380 is depicted, which consists of many segments 400-406. Fig. 37 shows a side view of a fragment of the suction wheel 380, Fig. 38 shows a similar suction wheel 380, which has a slightly different implementation of extraction holes 408 or channels 414 in the area of these holes, a top view, and Fig. 39(a) and ( p) is a side view of the middle segments 402 and 404 according to Fig. 38, when observed in the direction of lines A-A and B-B in Fig. 38. Here, the areas marked with item numbers 416 and 418 mark the visible boundaries of the cross-sections shown in Fig. 39(a) and (p). Side view, presented

Fig. 37 corresponds to the side view of the overlay plate 406 when observed in the direction of the straight line C-C marked on

Fig. 38.

The suction wheel 380 has a multi-layered structure containing a plurality of segment plates, in which a variety of extraction holes 408 can be made. In this embodiment, the suction wheel contains a first overlay plate 400, two intermediate plates 402 and 404, and another overlay plate 406. Plates 400-406 can be made of metal or impact-resistant, not too fragile plastic, and manufactured using a laser beam, water jet, or similar method. The plates are fixed with screws, treated with sealant and/or, if necessary, gaskets are used for sealing. The length of the circle of the suction wheel 380 corresponds to the length of the sheet of the paper layer in the wet state to be processed. After fixing with screws, the suction wheel 380 is installed on the guide shaft, not shown here, and attached. If necessary, a number of suction wheels can also be mounted and attached to the guide shaft.

The guide shaft has a central drive and, in preferred embodiments, moves synchronously with the speed of the web.

After starting the paper machine, the suction wheel 380 also begins to move, it is brought to the operating speed, and the pressure forming device is placed on the web 384 until the holes are formed in the web of the pressure forming device as a result of sampling. Here, the raised sections 410, which are visible in Fig.37 and Fig.39(a), pierce the still wet paper web and through the drawing hole 408 select holes of the desired shape with the help of an applied partial vacuum. To prevent fibers from sticking to the surface of the suction wheel 380, the areas adjacent to the extraction holes 408 can be recessed.

The sampling of the material/water mixture is carried out through the extraction hole 408 and the channel 414, which passes through the intermediate plate 404 to the overlay plate 406. For reliable removal of the substance to be selected, the extraction holes 408 and the channels 414 must be cleaned. For this, for example, a bath 392 with filtered water (Fig. 31) can be provided, which the suction wheel 380 will pass in the area opposite to the sample. In this implementation example, the vacuum is applied with the help of a fixed vacuum device 394 (Fig. 31), which is drawn behind the surface of the overlay plate 406. Thus, the sampling takes place in each case with the help of one of the channels 414, which refers only to that extraction hole 408, which is in contact with the paper web 384.

As can be better seen from Fig.38, a multilayer structure containing many segment plates provides practically unlimited possibilities for the realization of pulling holes 408. Here, intermediate plates, which can be attached in any number, directly create a certain shape of pulling holes. The width of the opening can be specified by the number and thickness of the intermediate plates. For example, a hole with a width of 10 mm can be made with the help of two intermediate plates of 5 mm, or also with the help of five intermediate plates of 2 mm. Overlay plates 400, 406 serve to mark the boundaries and apply vacuum. Although only the cover plate 406 has a channel opening in Fig. 38, such openings may of course also be provided in both cover plates, and the vacuum device 394 should then be installed on both sides of the suction wheel 380.

It should be understood that the described embodiment can also be used for the second selecting device 382.

The selectors 380 and 382 can also be covered with a flexible plastic mask, in which not only relatively coarse, but also very fine patterns, such as alphanumeric or abstract symbols, can be left uncovered. Thus, continuous patterns can also be made on the layers of paper. patterns, for example, zigzag, or continuous text, or also patterns located in a precise register, for example, the denomination on a banknote. The patterns indicated here can be located on one of the layers of paper or located in agreement or with an offset on both layers of paper. 10 y 16 y ZV y 36 y, 30 34 eraltcho 22 her M x LB-y 14 12

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Claims (23)

1. Multi-layer protected paper for the production of protected or valuable documents, such as banknotes, identity cards and the like, in which: - in the first layer of paper, an endless protection element is made, which is freely accessible from at least one side of the paper layer; - the first layer of paper is covered from the freely accessible side of the protection element with a second layer of paper; - the second layer of paper has one or more holes in the area of the security element, which differs in that: - the first layer of paper has a watermark, and the second layer of paper is discontinuous in the area of the watermark. 2. Protected paper according to item I, which differs in that the size of the hole or holes in the direction perpendicular to the movement of the endless protection element is smaller than the width of this element. 3. Protected paper according to any 1 of claims 1, 2, which is characterized by the fact that the endless security element is provided with variable optical effects, in particular a diffraction pattern, a hologram, a color change effect or another effect of an interference layer. 4. Protected paper according to any of claims 1-3, characterized in that the endless security element is provided with a printing image, in particular positive or inverse symbols. 5. The protected paper according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the endless protection element is a wide protective strip separating the first layer of paper. 6. The protected paper according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the endless protection element is a narrow protective tape embedded in the first layer of paper. 7. Protected paper according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the first layer of paper has a density of 60-80 g/m", in particular 65-70 g/m", and the second layer of paper has a density of 15-45 g/m", in particular 20-25 g/m". 8. Protected paper according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that the first layer of paper has a density of 15-45 g/m", in particular 20-25 g/m", and the second layer of paper has a density of 60-80 g/m", in particular 65-70 g/m". 9. The protected paper according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that the endless protection element is attached to the first layer of paper by means of an adhesive material. 10. The protected paper according to any one of claims 1-9, which is characterized in that the second layer of paper in the region of the protection element has an opening in the form of a strip. 11. The protected paper according to claim 10, characterized in that the opening in the form of a strip is closed by means of an opening tear-off strip. 12. Protected paper according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that the holes in the second layer of paper are filled with a transparent material, in particular polyurethane glue. 13. The method of manufacturing protected paper according to any of claims 1-12, which is characterized by: - forming a first paper web, and introducing an endless protection element into the first paper web, so that the endless protection element is freely accessible at least on one side paper canvas; - a watermark is made on the first sheet of paper; - form a second paper sheet, which, while it is still wet, is connected and firmly fastened to the first paper sheet, so that it covers the freely accessible side of the protection element; - moreover, one or more holes are made in the second paper web, which, after connecting with the first paper web, turns out to be located in the area of the endless protection element; - 1 and in the second sheet of paper, a gap is additionally made, which, after connecting with the first sheet of paper, turns out to be located in the area of the watermark. 14. The method according to claim 13, which is characterized by the fact that the first and/or second paper web is made on a direct-flow round mesh paper machine. 15. The method according to claim 13 or 14, which is characterized by the fact that the first and/or second paper web is made in a device for forming under pressure, in which the paper mass is sprayed onto the casting cylinder. 16. The method according to any of claims 13-15, which is characterized by the fact that the second paper sheet is made on a casting cylinder, the holes of which are closed on the fragments of the sections. 17. The method according to claim 16, which is characterized by the fact that the holes of the casting cylinder are closed with the help of an applied, in particular glued, overlay strip. 18. The method according to claim 16, which is characterized by the fact that the holes of the casting cylinder are closed using local printing of a varnish layer. 19. The method according to claim 16, which is characterized by the fact that the holes of the casting cylinder are closed with the help of an overlay ring lying on the surface of rotation of the casting cylinder from the inside. 20. The method according to claim 16, which is characterized by the fact that the endless protection element rolls onto the casting cylinder and closes the openings of the casting cylinder in those places where it rolls. 21. The method according to any one of claims 13-20, characterized in that the endless protection element is attached to the first layer of paper using an adhesive. 22. The method according to any one of claims 13-21, which is characterized by the fact that in the second layer of paper a hole in the form of strip 1 is made, if necessary, the specified hole is closed during the manufacture of paper with the help of an opening subversive detachable strip. 23. The method according to any one of claims 13-21, which is characterized by the fact that the holes in the second layer of paper are filled with a transparent material, in particular polyurethane glue.