UA52726C2 - Method for gasification of carbon-containing substances with preliminary dry rectification - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for gasification with preliminary dry rectification of carbon-containing substances relates to the methods for production of generator gas, water gas, synthesis-gas or mixes including those gases with separate outlet of the products of preliminary rectification of solid fuels, bio-mass, municipal wastes, and other carbon-containing substances. Chambers of the battery one-by-one with alternation and simultaneously are operated in the mode of dry rectification and gasification-heating. Heat of coke-ash residuals or ash, gaseous products of dry rectification and gasification are utilized by heating gasification agents. Realization of the method makes it possible to process any carbon-containing substance to fuel – gas; important chemical raw material – tar, phenols, gasoline and primary gas; raw material for building materials or fertilizers – coke-ash residual or ash.

Description

The invention relates to methods of production of generator gas, water gas, synthesis gas or mixtures containing these gases, with the separate removal of products of the previous dry distillation of solid fossil fuels, biomass, municipal waste, any other carbon-containing substances.

A known method of direct layer gasification of solid fuels |1). The disadvantage of this method is that the entire organic part of the fuel is subjected to partial oxidation. This ultimately reduces the calorific value of gasification products.

The method of dry distillation of coal for the production of metallurgical coke is widely used. It is implemented in batteries composed of reaction chambers that have the shape of a parallelepiped |2). A significant difference of this method is the presence between the reaction chambers of heating channels in which gas is burned. This method of heating completely solves the problem of coke-chemical production, but it is unacceptable for technology in which gaseous products are the target.

The purpose of the claimed method is the production of gas and liquid hydrocarbons from any solid carbon-containing substances: solid fuel fossils, various low-grade fuels, biomass, which combines waste from agricultural production, the pulp and paper industry, woodworking, fuel of plant origin, urban garbage etc.

The goal is achieved by subjecting the initial solid carbon-containing substance to gasification with prior dry distillation in a battery composed of parallelepiped-shaped reaction chambers.

The significant differences and novelty of the proposed method include the fact that a carbon-containing substance is loaded into the chambers, which are separated from each other by heat-transfer walls, through one, conditionally odd ones, and after sealing, the process of dry distillation is carried out in them due to the heat that is transmitted through the wall, and is formed in the process of direct layer gasification of the products of dry distillation of a carbon-containing substance, which is carried out in adjacent steam chambers, by supplying them with air, or oxygen, or water, or their mixtures as gasifying agents. At the same time, gaseous products of dry distillation and gasification are removed separately. After the gasification process is completed and the supply of gasifying agents is stopped, the coke-sol residue or ash is unloaded from the steam chambers, and the carbon-containing substance is loaded into them and sealed. After that, gasifying agents for gasification of dry distillation products are fed into odd chambers. In this way, the cycle is completed and repeated in the same order, while the cells in the battery are alternately and simultaneously operated in the modes of dry distillation and gasification - heating.

In order to reduce heat emissions into the environment and increase the energy efficiency of the process, the heat of coke ash residue or ash, gaseous products of dry distillation and gasification is utilized by heating gasifying agents.

If necessary, sulfur-absorbing substances are loaded into the chambers together with the raw materials.

Working moisture removed with gaseous products of dry distillation is used as a gasifying agent.

The claimed method can be explained with the help of Figs. 1 and 2, which show fragments of the layout of the battery with a cross-section of the reaction chambers, and, respectively, the first and second half of the full cycle of gasification with preliminary dry distillation. This method of arrangement, by analogy with a coke battery, is chosen to minimize heat losses. But the essential difference is that the chambers are separated from each other only by heat-transferring walls without heating channels. This allows you to use the excess heat generated during the gasification of solid products of dry distillation to heat the adjacent chambers. Thus, gaseous products are not used for battery heating (as in coke-chemical production), but are removed as a target product. In addition, the performance of such a battery is not technologically limited and is determined only by economic expediency, since the number of cameras can be any, but not less than two.

The essence of the claimed method is as follows. A carbon-containing substance is loaded into the chambers through one, conventionally called odd, and marked 3, 5, 7 (Fig. 1). After sealing, they undergo drying, preheating or bertining, semi-coking (depending on the final temperature level) due to the heat transferred through the walls from the adjacent steam chambers marked 4, 6, 8.

Excess heat in steam chambers is produced as a result of gasification, or actually as a result of partial oxidation of solid products of dry distillation, formed at the previous stage of the process. For this purpose, gasifying agents are supplied to steam chambers. Gaseous products of dry distillation, which have a high heat capacity, and gasification products are separated for further processing with the separation of liquid products or incineration. After the gasification process is completed, and the supply of gasifying agents is stopped, the coke-sol residue or ash is discharged from the steam chambers. Next, a carbon-containing substance is loaded into them and sealed (Fig. 2). After that, gasifying agents for gasification of hot and highly reactive dry distillation products are now fed into odd chambers. Gasifying agents also have a high temperature as a result of the heat regeneration of coke ash residue or ash, gaseous products of dry distillation and gasification. The high temperature and reactivity of the reagents make it possible to process low-grade raw materials with a low content of combustible substances. And the repetition of cyclic processes in a large number of cameras ensures the continuity of the entire battery.

If high-sulfur raw materials are processed, and the gas is not purified from sulfur by known methods, then the raw materials are loaded into the chambers together with sulfur-absorbing substances.

Due to the fact that high-moisture raw materials can not be dried before processing, a large amount of water is removed together with the gaseous products of dry distillation. After separation of phenols, this water is used as a gasifying agent to reduce harmful emissions into the environment.

Implementation of the claimed method makes it possible to process any carbon-containing substance into a technically perfect fuel - gas; valuable chemical raw materials - resin, phenols, gas gasoline and primary gas; raw materials for building materials or fertilizers - coke ash residue or ash. In addition, the disposal of the huge amount of anthropogenic waste accumulated in industrial regions and the use of renewable fuels of vegetable origin will help to solve social, energy and environmental problems.

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Claims (4)

1. The method of gasification of carbonaceous substances with preliminary dry distillation in a battery, which is composed of reaction chambers having the shape of a parallelepiped, which differs in that the chambers, which are separated from each other by heat transfer walls, are loaded with a carbonaceous substance 1 after sealing, the process of dry distillation is carried out in them due to the heat transmitted through the wall and formed in the process of direct single-layer gasification of the products of dry distillation of a carbon-containing substance, which is carried out in adjacent steam chambers by supplying them with air or oxygen or water as gasifying agents, or their mixtures, while the gaseous products of dry distillation and gasification are removed separately, and after the completion of the gasification process and the cessation of the supply of gasifying agents, the coke-sol residue or ash is unloaded from the even chambers, and a carbon-containing substance is loaded into them, and then they are sealed into the odd chambers provide gasifying agents for gasification of dry distillation products, thus the cycle is completed and repeated in the same order, while the cells in the battery are alternately and simultaneously operated in the modes of dry distillation and gasification-heating. 2. The method according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the heat of coke ash residue or ash, gaseous products of dry distillation and gasification is utilized by heating gasifying agents. 3. The method according to any of the paragraphs! 1 2, which differs in that sulfur-absorbing substances are loaded into the chambers together with the carbon-containing substance. 4. The method according to any of claims 1-3, which differs in that the water removed together with the gaseous products of dry distillation is used as a gasifying agent.